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Flipbook Vahini Baratam Health Science 4B

Integumentary system Function: The function of the integumentary system is to Vocabulary: protect a covering for the body such as, hair sweat and oil Epidermis: Outermost layer of the skin glands. Healthcare professions: Keratinization: Process which cells form and fibrils Key Terms: ● Dermatologist: a medical of keratin harden ◉ Dermat/o: Skin practitioner qualified to diagnose Shaft: A superficial portion of the air ◉ Kerat/o: Hard or Horny and treat skin disorders. Keratin: Insoluble protein that makes up hair and nails ◉ Albin/o:White ● Dermatopathologist: A Extensibility: Ability of skin to stretch due to ◉ Xer/o:Dry dermatopathologist specializes combination of collagen and elastic fibers ◉ Onych/o:Finger Nail in skin pathology, a subspecialty Hemoglobin: Oxygen pigmentation in the red blood cells that provides pinkish color in epidermis ◉ Adip/o:Fat of dermatology and pathology. Melanin: Dark pigmentation in hair and skin ◉ Blephar/o: Eyelid ◉ Cutane/o: Skin Diseases/Disorders Dermis: Layer of defense irregular connective tissue ◉ Ichthy/o:Dry;Scaly ● Skin cancer: The abnormal growth of lying deep to the epidermis skin cells ◉ Lip/o: Fat Melanocytes: Produce melanin cells ◉ Rhytid/o: Wrinkle ● Scabies: a contagious skin disease marked by itching and small raised Elasticity: Ability of tissue to return back to the ◉ Seb/o : Sebum original shape after contracting or stretching red spots, caused by the itch mite. ● Melanoma: Most serious type of skin cancer ● Herpes: sexually transmitted infection marked by genital pain and sores.

Musculoskeletal system Function: Supports and binds tissues together Vocabulary: Key terms: Joint:A place where two or bones meet ◉ My/o: Muscle Tendon: A tough band tissue made of protein that connects a ◉ Myel/o: Marrow skeletal muscle to a bone ◉ Oste/o: bone Atp: A molecule that is used a source of energy by protein in ◉ Cost/o: ribs cells ◉ Crani/o: Cranium Motor Neuron: A cell that carries electrical signals from the ◉ -Pexy: Surgical fixation brain to a skeletal muscle cell. ◉ Chondro:Cartilage ◉ Arthr/o:Joint Atrophy: Shrinking or wasting away of tissues ◉ -Plegia:Paralysis Orthopaedic doctor: takes Flexion: Decreasing the angle between 2 bones ◉ Kinesi/o: Movement care of the bones Inversion: turning inward ◉ Carp/o: Wrist Sports medicine: Takes Dorsiflexion: toes pointed up ◉ -Clast: to break Diseases/Disorders: care of athletes Inversion: turning upward Tendinitis: When tendons becomes irritated and inflamed Supination: Act of turning the palm upward. Fibromyalgia: Long term chronic condition RA: an autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain and damage throughout your body. Osteoarthritis: Chronic joint conditions

Nervous system Functions: Vocabulary: The main function of the nervous system is to Diseases/Disorders: Central Nervous: Consists of brain and spinal respond sensory information and coordinates cord body responses. Alchmeizer’s :A progressive Peripheral Nervous: outside the CNS and Key terms: disease that destroys memory consist mainly of the nerves ◉ neur/o: nerve ◉ encephal/o: brain and other important mental Somatic Nervous system: Somatic motor nerve ◉ myel/o: bone marrow ◉ ambul/o:walking functions. fibers that conduct impulses ◉ -esthesia: sensation,feeling ◉ mening/o: membrane Hepatitis- inflammation of Sensory: Carry impulse to the CNS ◉ psycho/o: mind brain and spinal cord Motor: Transmit impulse from CNS ◉ concuss/o: Concussion membranes Sympathetic: Thoracic and lumbar part of spine mobilize body systems during activity HealthCare Workers: Epilepsy: A neurological Parasympathetic: Cranial and sacral area, Psychiatrist: diagnosis and treat people with mental disorders disorder marked by sudden conserve energy recurrent episodes of sensory Synapse: Mediates informations from one disturbances neuron to the next Pollo: Destroys nerve cells in Neurotransmitters: Language of the nervous system the spinal cord. Endorphins: Act as natural pain killers Neurosurgeon: Treat disorders of PNS and CNS

Cardiovascular System: Function: Is an organ system that releases blood to Vocabulary: Pulmonary Arteries:carry deoxygenated circulate and transport nutrients. Diseases/disorders: Key terms: High blood pressure: It is a blood out of the heart and into the lungs ◉ Cardi/o:Heart condition in which the blood againstTricuspid valve:valve between the right ◉ Angi/o:Denotes blood or lymph the artery is above average atrium and the right ventricle ◉ Hem/o, Hemat/o: Blood Cardiac arrest: Sudden loss Pulmonary veins:carry the oxygenated heart function of blood from the lungs into the left atrium of ◉ Brady:Slow Coronary artery disease: the heart ◉ Tachy:Fast Damage in the hearts major blood ◉ Thromb/o:Blood clot vessels Aorta:Largest artery in the body ◉ -emia:Blood Arrhythmia: Unpaced Right and left ventricles:pumping ◉ Leuk/o:White blood cells beating of the heart chambers of the heart ◉ Erythr/o:Red blood cells Right and left atrium:receiving chambers ◉ Arteri/o:relating to arteries of the heart Health care workers: Capillaries:connect arteries and veins Radial artery:Artery in wrist Cardiac surgeon: Surgical treatment in the Carotid artery:artery in the neck heart and lungs Platelets:stop wounds from bleeding by forming clots Cardiovascular technologists: are specialists that deal with circulatory system.

Special senses Key terms: Diseases/Disorders: ◉ Irid/o: Iris Glaucoma: A condition of increased pressure within theChoroid coat:Interlaced with ◉ -Cusis: Hearing many blood vessels that nourish ◉ -Opia: Vision condition eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight ◉ Ot/o: ear the eyes ◉ Tympan/o: Tympanic ◉ Ophthalm/o: Ophthalmic Microphthalmia: Birth defects of a baby’s eye in whichIris:The opening in the center is ◉ Ophthalm/o: Eye;Vision ◉ -metry: To measure one or both eyes did not develop fully the pupil Blindness: The state or condition of being unable to seeLacrimal glands:Produce to tears to moisten and cleanse the eye Deafness: the condition of lacking the power of hearingLens:Circular structure behind the or having imapred hearing pupil that refracts light rays Refracts:If light rays are not Main Function: refracted correctly, vision is distorted or blurred The principle function of the special sensory HealthCare careers: Retina:Fovea centralis is the area excretory is to detect environmental stimuli Otolaryngologist: Physician who of sharpest vision and transduce their energy into electrical treats diseases of the head and neck, Cones:Sensitive to color and are pulses. These are conveyed along sensory both medically and surgically used mainly for vision when it is neurons to the central nervous system, where light they are integrated and processed and a Ophthalmologist: A specialist in the Rods:Used for vision when it is response is produced branch of medicine concerned with dark or dim the study and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye

Respiratory System Functions: The main function of the respiratory system Vocabulary: is keeping blood supplied with fresh oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs Key terms: Bronchiole: Small tube that branches from bronchi within the lungs ◉ Bronch/o: Bronchi ◉ Cyan/o: Blue Bronchus: On the two branches of the trachea that enters the lungs ◉ Laryng/o:Larynx or throat ◉ -oxia: Oxygen (hypoxia)Disorders: Trachea: It is also known as windpipe, it filters the air we inhale and branches into the bronchi. ◉ Oxy: Oxygen Asthma: Is a chronic ◉ Pleur/o: Pleuro respiratory condition that Lungs: The main organ of the respiratory system ◉ Pneum/o: Lung or air causes difficulty breathing Larynx: commonly called the voice box, and a connection between the pharynx and trachea ◉ Pulmon/o: Lung due to inflammation of the Pharynx: The throat; part of both the respiratory and ◉ Thorac/o: Chest airways. digestive systems. ◉ Trache/o: Trachea Pneumonia: Is a common Cilia: Hair like structures that filter out particles lung diseases cause be an entering into your nasal cavity infection in the air sacs in the External Respiration: gas exchange between alveoli and blood Healthcare workers: lungs. Internal Respiration: gas exchange between blood and Pulmonologist: Physicians trained to treat diseases and cells conditions of the chest Respiratory Therapist: Work with patients who have breathing and other cardiopulmonary disorders

Digestive system Key term: Functions: Amylase: Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch ◉ Cholecyst/o: Gallbladder ◉ Enter/o: Small intestine The main function of the digestive Anus:terminal end or opening of the digestive ◉ Col/o, Colon/o: Colon ◉ Hepat/o: Liver system is to break down food into tract to the outside of the body. ◉ Gastr/o: Stomach ◉ Or/o: Mouth nutrition for body cells and Appendix: blind pouch hanging from the ◉ -Pepsia: Digestion eliminates leftover waste. cecum It literally means hanging (pend/o) onto Chol/e: Bile or gall ◉ Prot/p: Rectum Diseases/disorders: (ap-which is a form of ad-) Bile: digestive juice made in the liver and Healthcare workers: Gastric Ulcer: Open sore in the stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up Digestive Health Nursing: Trained to understand digestive conditions in all of stomach lining (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile originally the individual parts of the digestive system Stomach Flu: Infection of the was called gall (Latin bilis, meaning gall or Gastroenterology: Covers the entire stomach and upper part of the anger) probably because it was a bitter taste. It spectrum of digestive tract and disease small intestine is composed of bile pigments (colored and disorders materials) cholesterol, and bile salts. Colon Cancer: Uncontrolled Bilirubin: pigment released by the liver in bile growth of colon cells causing a Bowel: intestine tumor to form Cecum: First part of the large intestine Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Rectum: Section of the large intestine Abdominal pain that occurs three Slavia: Begins chemical digestion of Carbohydrates times months in a row Gallbladder: Baglike organ stores bile

Urinary System: Key terms: Function: Renal Fascia:Outermost layer of the ◉ -cele: Hernia The Main Function of the Urinary kidney composed of dense irregular ◉ Lysis: Loosening or setting free; system is to eliminate waste products tissue; anchors kidneys and adrenal and controls water balance in the body glands to the back of the body wall destruction Adipose Capsule: Located between renal ◉ Cyst/o: Bladder or cyst fascia and renal capsule, a mass of fatty ◉ Nephr/o: Kidney Disease/Disorders: tissue surrounding each kidney that lies ◉ Ren/o: Kidney or kidneys deep to the renal fascia, Protects and ◉ -Uria: Urination Bladder Cancer: Cancer in the lining holds the kidney firmly in place within the ◉ -Ectasis: Enlargement or stretching of the bladder abdominal cavity ◉ Pyel/o: Renal pelvis Interstitial Cystitis: Conditions that Renal capsule: Fibrous supporting tissue Healthcare careers: causes discomfort or pain in the capsule which adheres to the surface of bladder the kidney & provides a barrier for Nephrologists: Provide medical infection & trauma management to patients with kidney Kidney Stones: Solid piece of material Hilus: Entry for renal artery and renal disease that forms in the kidney from nerves and an exit for renal veins and Urology: Provide medical and surgical substance in the urine ureter management for disorders of the urinary Chronic Kidney Disease: (CKD) Apex: Highest point tip tract. Damaged Kidneys and can’t filter Cortex: Outer region of an organ blood properly Arteriole: small artery Renal Medulla: inner tissue layer of kidney

Reproductive system Key terms: ◉ Cervic/o: Cervix Function: To produce , maintain , Vocabulary: Uterus:female organ that nourishes the growing ◉ Slappin/o: Fallopian tube and transport sperm fetus; the lining sheds if fertilization does not occur Vagina: Female birthing canal ◉ Ov/o: egg ovum Disease/Disorders: Testis: male organ that produces sperm cells; also ◉ Orchid/o: Testicles secretes testosterone. Epididymis: male organ that stores sperm cells ◉ Oophor/o: Ovary Sexually transmitted disease: sperm duct (vas deferens): Cervix: the opening of the uterus in a female ◉ Men/o: Menstruation Sexually transmited dieases is Testosterone: a hormone which is in higher levels in males that is responsible for male sexual ◉ Mamm/o: Presented passed between people during characteristics such as deeper voices, broader shoulders, and more facial and body hair ◉ Gynec/o: female reproduction unprotected sex Sroctum: The male sac that contains the testes Sperm duct (vas deferens): male organ where ◉ Colp/o: Uterus Infertility: Inability of a person sperm cells travel through ◉ Seminal vesicle: male organ that produces seminal Prostat/o: Gland within the animal and plant to reproduce fluid for sperm cells male reproductive Hormones: Controls the onset and cycle of the reproductive cells Health careers: Ovarian Cyst: An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Reproductive biologist: studiesSpermatocele: is a fluid-filled cyst the biology of the gamete that develops at the head of the Reproductive imaging epididymis ultrasound tech: does an ultrasound diagnosis for a patient

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