Le chatelier

Le Châtelier

Henry Louis “Le Châtelier” Date of birth: October 8, 1850 Place of birth: Paris 11, Seine, Île-de-France Family: Louise Durand, Louis le Chatelier (Parents) Marie, Alfred, Georges, André (Sister and brothers) Geneviève Nicolas (Wife), François Le Chatelier (Son) Henriette (daughter), Louis(Son), Marcelle (daughter) Genevieve (daughter), Marguerite (daughter), Charles (son), being 7 in total. Death: Date and place of death: September 17, 1936. (85 years) - Miribel-les-Échelles (France). Visual family tree: His father was a great influence on Henry's future career. Her mother, Elisabeth Durand, educated her five sons and one daughter (Louis, Alfred, Georges, André and Marie), in the most rigorous and strict standards. His father was a polytechnic engineer. Engineer Louis played an important role in French industry in the 19th century. He participated in the birth of the French industry, especially aluminum, in the introduction of the Martin-Siemens process in the steel industry and in the development of rail transport.

Formation and studies: Rollin College, École Polytechnique, École des Mines; Henri Sainte-Claire Deville at L'École Normale Supérieure. Le Châtelier study at the Rollin College, the Polytechnic School and the Paris School of Mines. After his bachelor's degree he worked for two years as a mining engineer, until in 1877 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the School of Mines, a position he held until 1925. Most important works and events: He developed research for La Société des chaux et ciments Pavin de Lafarge. He conducted thermodynamic studies and observed the specific heat of gases at high temperatures by employing an optical pyrometer to measure temperatures beyond the limits of mercury thermometers. He first studied various explosive mixtures, and the conditions for them, with hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and air. After the combustion of acetylene, for use in the oxyacetylene lamp. The principle of chemical equilibrium that bears his name Principle of Le Chatelier, formulated in 1885 and F. Braun (1886) and which is summarized as follows: If a chemical system in reversible equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature or pressure, the equilibrium of the The system will be modified in such a way that it partially counteracts the modification that has been imposed on it. The variation of the solubility of salts in an ideal solution. It is dedicated to studying thermodynamically the solubility conditions of a solution. It sets forth the principle that textually says: “Tout systême en équilibre soumis à une action capable de le deformer ne peut éprouver que des modifications que tendent à produire une réaction de nature semblable, mais de signe contraire à l'action qu'il subit, et reciproquemend”.

He founded (in 1904) the metallurgy magazine, in collaboration with his daughters, especially Genoveva (who would die in 1923), where he would publish all his works. He published numerous articles, publications and scientific communications. He also edited 11 books. Medal with his effigy engraved by R. Lamourdediev in commemoration of his scientific work. Obtained as real title: \"Lessons of Industrial Science\". Head of the General Chemistry department at L'école de Mines de Paris. He was the successor of Paul Schützenberger in the position of head of mineral chemistry at the Collège de France (College of France) later at the Sorbonne he succeeded Henri Moissan. His doctoral thesis was dedicated to the subject of mortars (Hydraulic cement): Recherches expérimentales sur la constitution des mortiers hydrauliques (Experimental research on the composition of hydraulic mortars). Among his most notable publications are: Science and Industry (1925) Method of the experimental sciences (1936) Important events in his life: Participated in the Siège de Paris (Siege of Paris). It was commissioned by Napoleon III, of the construction of the railway in France. He was made a member of the Legion of Honor (Knight) in 1887, then raised to the rank of Officer in 1908, Commander in 1919, and Grand Officer in 1927. He was awarded the Médaille Davy (Davy Medal, distinction of the Royal Society) in 1916. The topics he dealt with at the College de France were: Combustion Phenomena (1898) Theory of chemical equilibria, the measurement of high temperatures and dissociation phenomena (1898-1899) Properties of metallic alloys (1899-1900)

Iron Alloys (1900-1901) General methods of analytical chemistry (1901-1902) General laws of analytical chemistry (1901-1902) The General Laws of Chemical Mechanics(1903) Silica and its compounds(1905-1906) Some practical applications of the fundamental principles of chemistry 1906-1907) Properties of metals and of some alloys (1907) During World War I, he advised the French government, and published his \"Leçons sur le carbone\", based on his classes at the Sorbonne. In this text he studied the various forms of carbon and the formation of metallic carbides, applying the law of chemical equilibrium to the processes. After this, he was accused of explaining more the physics of the processes than the chemistry, and devoted himself more to sociological and philosophical aspects. In the early 1880s, a series of mining disasters spurred the French government to investigate their cause and prevention. As an École des Mines professor, Le Châtelier took part in research on gas explosions. This work involved studying the ignition temperature, flame speed, and other conditions affecting explosions of methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen mixtures. LeChâtelier's results, applied to acetylene combustion, enabled other chemists to develop the oxyacetylene welder now used for cutting and welding steel. During this period, Le Châtelier also assisted in the development of safer explosives and improved the miner's safety lamp, which had been invented in the early 1800s by Humphry Davy.

Le Châtelier's scientific experience culminated in the discovery for which he is best known today- Le Châtelier's principle, announced in 1884. Equilibrium factors of his principle: concentration, temperature and pressure. Definition: Henry tried to do a comparison of the parts of a a reversible reaction, products and reactants������, this comparison resulted on \"equilibrium\" of the both parts. He took in consideration that there must be some factors to determine the direction or part of the reaction, the equilibrium logically relies on. He noticed that these factors were concentration, temperature and pressure CONCENTRATION: If we think of a balance, and we place more things on one side than on the other, logically, the equilibrium will rely on the side it has more things above. TEMPERATURE: As reactions can be either exothermic or endothermic, we can know that temperature can play an important role.When we apply temperature on a side, (heat) on that side is that equilibrium will rely on. PRESSURE: this is an important factors when we talk about gaseous reactants and product. If the pressure increases, the equilibrium relies on the part that produces the smaller numer of moles and when pressure decreases, the equilibrium relies on the part that produces larger number of moles Using Le Châtelier's principle, scientists were able to maximize the efficiency of chemical processes. For example, Fritz Habermade use of the principle to develop a practical process for ammonia synthesis using nitrogen and hydrogen.

White Dove School Student: Rachel Dubón Teacher: Tesla Deras Subject: Chemistry Topic: Le chatelier principle Grade: 11th Date: 17/03/2022