WEST VIRGINIA COURSE

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 1 of 103 Click Here To Take Test NowC.O.E. CONTINUING(Complete the Reading Material first then click on the Take Test Now EDUCATIONButton to start the test. Test is at the bottom of this page) 2 HR. All about Me and My Safety Salon Safety and Awareness Promoting and protecting good health in the community is called public hygiene or sanitation. Everyone who provides services to the public has a responsibility to help protect the health of the community. Since, as a licensed practitioner, you will perform services on the hair, scalp, and other parts of a client’s body, you must keep the salon clean and sanitary by following certain procedures to destroy harmful germs that can contaminate working implements and equipment and spread disease. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 1 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 2 of 103 Bacteria DefinedC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION Bacteria are tiny. They consist of one-celled microorganisms found roughly everyplace. Bacteria are particularly abundant in dust, dirt, refuse, and diseased tissues. Commonly, bacteria are not perceptible except with the aid of a microscope. Just to give you an idea of the size, fifteen hundred rod-shaped bacteria will barely reach across a pinhead. A few years ago, “American Idol” judge Paula Abdul battled a long and painful thumb infection she says she picked up at a Los Angeles nail salon. You, too, could be exposed to other clients’ nasty germs. Bacterial, fungal, yeast and viral infections (including things like hepatitis C, staph infections and warts) can be transmitted via unwashed hands and unsanitary instruments (this can occur with overzealous manicuring — if, for example, too much of the cuticle is cut or pushed back too far). Bacteria will become noticeable when thousands of them grow to form a \"colony\" and can be seen as a mass. Bacteria are classified as to their harmful or beneficial qualities. It must be kept in mind that not all bacteria are harmful to us. In fact, a great majority of bacteria are helpful and useful. All forms of bacteria multiply (reproduce) by division. As the cell is nourished, it grows larger. When it has grown as large as it can, it divides itself into two cells that are the same size. These are called daughter cells. This process of cell division is called mitosis. Mitosis can happen as often as once every 20 minutes. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 2 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 3 of 103C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION Bacteria Classifications There are two classifications of bacteria: 1. Non-pathogenic organisms constitute the majority of all bacteria and perform many useful functions, such as decomposing refuse and improving the fertility of the soil. To this group belongs the saprophyte which lives on dead matter. 2. Pathogenic organisms (microbes or germs), although in the minority, produce considerable damage by invading plant or animal tissues. Pathogenic bacteria are harmful because they produce disease. To this group belong the parasites, which require living material for their growth. Harmful Bacteria Bacteria are responsible for a large percentage of illness and suffering. For this reason, the practice of sterilization and sanitation is absolutely necessary in a salon, barber shop or specialty salon. Pathogenic Bacteria Classification As to form or general appearance, there are three major groups of bacteria. 1. Cocci (singular, coccus) are round shaped organisms, which appear singly or in groups:  Staphylococci (singular, staphylococcus) pus-forming organisms which grow in bunches or clusters, and are present in abscesses, pustules and boils. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 3 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 4 of 103  Streptococci (singular, streptococcus) pus-forming organisms which grow in chains, as found in blood poisoning.  Diplococci (singular, diplococcus) grow in pairs and cause pneumonia.  Gonococci (singular, gonococcus) cause gonorrhea.  Meningococci (singular, meningococcus) cause meningitis Staphylococci are among the most common human bacteria and are carried by about a third of the population. Staph can be picked up on doorknobs, countertops, and other surfaces, but is more frequently transferred through skin to skin contact, such as shaking hands or using unclean implements. Antibiotics once controlled these bacteria, but certain strains of staph are now resistant to the drugs. There is now a greater need than ever for proper use of infection control measures in the cosmetology industry because of these resistance bacteria. 2. Bacilli (singular, bacillus) are rod-shaped organisms which vary greatly in thickness. They are the most common and produce such diseases as tetanus (lockjaw), influenza, typhoid, tuberculosis, and diphtheria. Many bacilli are spore forming.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION 3. Spirilla (singular, spirillum) are curved or corkscrew-shaped organisms. They are further subdivided into several groups. The sub-group of chief importance is that of spirochaete organisms. The spirochaete called Treponema pallida is the causative agent in syphilis. Growth and Reproduction Bacteria consist of an outer cell wall and internal protoplasm. They manufacture their own food 4 from the surrounding environment, give off waste products, and are capable of growth and reproduction. Bacteria may exhibit two distinct phases in their life cycle the active stage and the inactive or spore-forming stage. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 5 of 103 Active Stage Bacteria grow and reproduce. These microorganisms live and multiply in warm, dark, damp, and dirty places where sufficient food is present. Many parts of the human anatomy offer suitable breeding places for bacteria. When conditions are as mentioned above, bacteria reproduce at an unbelievable rate. As food is absorbed and converted into protoplasm, the bacterial cell increases in size. When the limit of growth is reached, it divides crossways in half, forming two daughter cells. From one bacterium, as many as sixteen million more may develop in half a day.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONSpore-Forming Stage When favorable conditions cease to exist, bacteria either die or cease to multiply. Some bacteria can form spherical spores, which have a tough outer covering and are able to withstand long periods of dryness, periods of lacking food, or unsuitable temperature. Examples of bacteria that are capable of such action would be the anthrax and tetanus bacilli. In the spore stage, the spore can be blown about in the dust and is not harmed by disinfectants, heat or cold. When favorable conditions are restored, the spores change back into the active, vegetative form and again start to grow and reproduce. Bacterial Infections Pathogenic bacteria become dangerous to health only when they successfully invade the body. An infection occurs if the body is unable to cope with the bacteria or their harmful toxins. An infection may be localized, as in a boil, or a general infection (the most dangerous) may result when the blood stream carries the bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body, which is what occurs in blood poisoning or syphilis. The presence of pus is a sign of infection. Pus contains bacteria, body cells and blood cells, both living and dead. An infection is considered contagious when it tends to spread more or less readily from one person to another by direct or indirect contact. Precautions must be followed to prevent the spread of infection when it is in this contagious stage. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 5 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 6 of 103 An infection occurs when body tissue are invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria. There can be no bacterial infection without the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The presence of pus is a sign of infection. Pus is a fluid product of inflammation and contains white blood cells and the debris of dead cells, tissue elements, and bacteria.C.O.E. CONTINUINGHow Bacteria Enter Our Bodies EDUCATION Bacteria and other infectious agents can enter the body through any of the following routes: through the mouth, by food, drinking liquids, or items placed in the mouth; through the nose and mouth when we breathe; through the eyes by way of dirt, dirty hands, or unclean objects such as poorly maintained contact lenses; and finally, through breaks or wounds in the skin. Sources of Contagious Bacteria • Unclean hands and unsterilized instruments. • Open sores and pus, mouth and nose discharges. • Uncovered coughing or sneezing, and spitting in public can also spread germs. Personal hygiene and public sanitation can prevent and control many infections. The body attempts to fight infections by mobilizing its defensive forces. The first line of defense is unbroken skin. In a healthy person bodily secretions such as sweating and digestive juices discourage bacteria growth. Within the blood, there are white corpuscles to devour bacteria, and anti-toxins to counteract the toxins produced by the bacteria. Filterable Viruses These organisms are so small they will pass through filters. Such diseases as infantile paralysis, influenza, small pox, rabies, and the common cold are examples of viral infection. Rickettsia are microorganisms much smaller than ordinary germs, but are larger than the viruses that cause disease among insects, as well as, man and are responsible for the transmission of typhus fever and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Insects, ticks, fleas, and lice can transmit and infect people with rickettsia. Viruses All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 6 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 7 of 103C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION A virus is a submicroscopic structure capable of infesting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria. They are so small they can even pass through the pores of a porcelain filter. 7 They are common colds, and other respiratory and gastrointestinal (digestive tract) infections. One difference between viruses and bacteria is that a virus lives only by penetrating cells and becoming part of them, while bacteria are organisms that can live on their own. It is for this reason that bacterial infections can usually be treated with specific antibiotics, while viruses are hard to kill without harming the body in the process. Generally, viruses are resistant to antibiotics. Vaccination prevents viruses from penetrating cells. Hepatitis Hepatitis, a disease marked by inflammation of the liver, is caused by a bloodborne virus similar to HIV in transmission. It is more easily contracted than HIV, however, as it is present in all body fluids. Three types of hepatitis are of concern to a licensed practitioner. 1. Hepatitis A. The illness usually lasts about three weeks. Symptoms are similar to those of the flu. Adults often have yellowing of the skin or the eyes. The disease is spread through close household contact, such as common bathroom use; poor sanitation; poor personal hygiene, contaminated food, milk, water, and shellfish; infected food handlers; and sexual contact. A vaccine is available. 2. Hepatitis B. This illness can cause long-term hepatitis, cirrhosis, and or liver cancer. About half the people with the disease do not have symptoms, although the disease can mirror the flu. The disease is primarily transferred through sexual contact or parenteral exposure (piercing mucous membranes or skin barrier) to blood or blood products. A vaccine is available. 3. Hepatitis C. The illness can progress slowly, and about one-third of those with the illness do not have symptoms, though symptoms can include fatigue and stomach pain. The disease is transferred through parenteral contact and sexual activity with infected partners. No vaccine is available. HIV /AIDS All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 8 of 103 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). AIDS, the disease, breaks down the body’s immune system. HIV is passed from person to person through blood and other body fluids, such as semen and vaginal secretions. A person can be infected with HIV for up to 11 years without having symptoms. Sometimes, people who are HIV-positive have never been tested and do not know they are infecting other people.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONThe HIV virus is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, the sharing of needles by intravenous (IV) drug users, and accidents with needles in health-care settings. It can enter the bloodstream through cuts and sores and can be transmitted in the salon by a sharp implement. It is not transmitted by holding hands, hugging, kissing, sharing food or household items like the telephone, or even toilet seats. There are not documented cases of the virus being transmitted by food handlers, insects, or casual contact. Bloodborne Pathogens Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through blood and body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV, are called bloodborne pathogens. If you accidentally cut a client who is HIV- positive or is infected with hepatitis and you continue to use the implement without cleaning and disinfecting it, you risk puncturing your skin or cutting another client with a contaminated tool. Similarly, if you are shaving a client’s face or neck with a razor or clipper blades and pick up body fluid from a blemish or open sore, transmission is possible. Risks are also present when waxing and tweezing. Fungi Fungi are not plants. Living things are organized for study into large, basic groups called kingdoms. Fungi were listed in the \"Plant Kingdom\" for many years. Then scientists learned that fungi show a closer relation to animals, but are unique and separate life forms. Now, Fungi are placed in their own Kingdom. Fungi are microscopic and consist of many cells. In this group are included the molds, mildews, and yeast’s. Fungi are incapable of manufacturing their own food. Some behave as parasites. These fungi cause diseases by using living organisms for food. These fungi infect plants, animals and even other fungi. Athlete’s foot and ringworm are two fungal diseases in humans. Other Parasites Protozoa are one celled animal organisms characterized by their distinct nuclei. There are various kinds of protozoa, among which are parasites. Animal parasites consist of many cells and belong to the insect class. They are responsible for such contagious infections as scabies, which are due to the itch mite. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 8 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 9 of 103 Immunity Immunity is the ability of the body to resist and destroy bacteria once they have entered the body. Immunity against disease is a sign of good health. It may be natural or acquired. Natural immunity is partly inherited and partly developed by hygienic living. Acquired immunity is secured after the body has, by itself overcome certain disease, or when it has been assisted by injections to fight bacteria. Human Carrier A person may be immune to a disease and still carry germs that can infect others. Such a person is called a human disease carrier. The diseases most frequently transmitted in this manner are typhoid fever and diphtheria. Physical agents such as heat (boiling, steaming, baking, or burning), and chemical agents such as antiseptics, disinfectants or germicides can accomplish destruction of bacteria.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONDecontamination & Sterilization All surfaces, tools, equipment and other objects that come in contact with blood or potentially infectious materials must be decontaminated and sterilized as soon as possible. Equipment and tools must be cleaned and decontaminated before servicing or being put back into use. Decontamination should be accomplished by using:  A solution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach/Clorox) diluted between 1:10 and 1:100 with water. The standard recommendation is to use at least a quarter cup of bleach per one gallon of water.  Lysol or some other EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant. Check the label of all disinfectants to make sure they meet this requirement. If you are cleaning up a spill of blood, you can carefully cover the spill with paper towels or rags, and leave it for at least 10 minutes. This will help ensure that any bloodborne pathogens are killed before you actually begin cleaning or wiping the material up. By covering the spill with paper towels or rags, you decrease the chances of causing a splash when you pour the bleach on it. If you are decontaminating equipment or other objects, you should leave the disinfectant in place for at least 10 minutes before continuing the cleaning process. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 9 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 10 of 103 Of course, any materials you use to clean up a spill of blood or potentially infectious materials must be decontaminated immediately, as well. This would include mops, sponges, reusable gloves, buckets, pails, etc. DecontaminationC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONDecontamination is the removal of pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces. Decontamination involves the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy pathogens. Sterilization Sterilization is the highest level of decontamination. It completely destroys every organism on a surface, whether beneficial or harmful. Sterilization even kills bacterial spores, the most resistant form of life on Earth. Methods of sterilization include the steam autoclave and dry heat (a form of extreme heat). Sterilization is a process used by dentists and surgeons, whose tools are designed to break and penetrate the skin barrier. Estheticians also use needles and probes that lance the skin, so they must follow the same sterilization procedures. Pre-sterilized disposable lancets or needles are a simpler solution to the issue of sterilization. Disinfection Disinfection is a higher level of decontamination; it is second only to sterilization. Disinfection controls microorganisms on hard, nonporous surfaces such as cuticle nippers and other salon implements. Disinfectant provides the level of protection required by the salon to kill most organisms, with one exception. Disinfection does not kill bacterial spores, but this is not necessary in the salon environment. It is important only in hospitals and other health-care facilities where instruments are used to penetrate or cut the skin. Lancets and other metal implements used in advanced facial treatments should be sterilized, or disposable implements should be used. Sanitation The third, or lowest, level of decontamination is called sanitation or sanitizing. These words are often frequently misused and misunderstood. To sanitize means, “To significantly reduce the number of pathogens of disease producing organisms found on a surface.” Cleaning with soaps or detergents will sanitize salon tools and other surfaces. Sanitized surfaces may still harbor pathogens or other organisms. Removing hair from a brush 10 and washing the brush with detergent is considered sanitation. Putting antiseptics designed for All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 11 of 103 hands or feet on your skin or washing your hands is another example of sanitation. Your hands may appear very clean when you are finished but will still harbor pathogens found in the tap water and on the towel. Safety Precautions for Using Sanitizing ChemicalsC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONWhenever you use sanitizing chemicals, you should take the following precautions: 1. Read mixing instructions before use. 2. Mix exactly according to the manufacturer’s directions. 3. Wear gloves or use forceps when removing combs, brushes, or other implements from a wet sanitizer. 4. Keep hydroxide fumes away from your eyes and nose and try not to inhale any fumes, which may irritate the delicate tissues of the eyes and nose. 5. Store hydroxide in a safe place well out of the reach of children, who may not know that it is poisonous. 6. Whenever you pour any product from its original container into another container, carefully label the new container so that anyone picking up a bottle will be able to see clearly what product he or she is about to use. Storage of Chemicals Light, temperature, moisture, and air are the four most important things to consider when storing products: 1. Light - particularly ultraviolet light from the sun changes the chemical makeup of products. As additional protection, these products should probably be stored in a closed cabinet, rather than displayed in the front window of the salon. 2. Temperature - Heat in any form also changes the chemical makeup of products. All professional products should be stored away from any form of heat in a cool, dry area of the salon. 3. Moisture - from an extremely damp basement may cause a product to become moldy. Store supplies in a DRY AREA. 4. Air - will dilute (water down) most products or allow the active chemicals in a product to escape. Keeping all products tightly capped and in their original box or All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 11 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 12 of 103 package will allow you to keep the chemicals in their active state much longer than if you left the products uncapped. Sanitizing HandsC.O.E. CONTINUINGAs a licensed professional dealing with multiple clients per day, it is necessary to sanitize your EDUCATIONhands even more than your implements, especially in the nail and facial industries. Before servicing any client, the following process of sanitizing your hands should be followed: First, you must have an antibacterial/hospital recommended cleanser. You must use tepid water with a generous amount of cleanser. Place the cleanser in the palm of your hand and rub vigorously to lather cleanser from inside to outside of hands and fingers. Once the surfaces of your hands and fingers have been cleansed thoroughly, rub the tips of your fingers and nails in the palm of the opposite hand to enable cleansing of the underside of the nails. Then repeat this same process a second time. Be sure to rinse thoroughly after each process. (Remember that cash is one of the dirtiest things you will handle. It is covered with germs that get passed from one individual to another.) Cleaning Combs and Brushes Remove the hair from combs and brushes. Immerse combs and brushes completely into a bowl of soapy water for several minutes. Clean each comb separately with a small brush. Clean the brushes two at a time by rubbing the bristles against each other. When thoroughly cleaned, rinse combs and brushes in bowl of clear, warm water. Drain off water and remove any adhering hairs. Sterilizing Combs and Brushes How to prepare a chemical sterilization: 1. Clean sterilized receptacle, add soapy water and a sufficient quantity of 10% formalin solution or other approved disinfectant. Adding ammonia to the soap bath is optional in the proportion of 1 tablespoon to 2 quarts of water. 2. Now prepare a bowl of warm water for rinsing purposes. 3. Immerse combs and brushes into formalin solution for 20 minutes. 4. Remove combs and brushes, rinse in clear clean water, and dry them thoroughly with a clean towel. 5. When thoroughly dry rest combs and brushes on a clean towel in a dust free place. The basic procedure for sanitizing soiled implements is as follows: 1. Remove foreign material such as hair, from combs. 2. Wash in hot soapy water. 12 All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 13 of 103 3. Rinse with hot water and place in a wet sanitizer. 4. Rinse with water, dry and place in a dry sanitizer. 5. Unwrapped tools, when sterilized must be stored in a closed container.C.O.E. CONTINUING6. Change the chemical sanitizing solution regularly. EDUCATION Sanitary measures must be taken at all times. Basic Rules O The salon must be well lighted, heated, and ventilated, in order to keep the salon in a clean and sanitary condition. O The walls, curtains, and the floor coverings in all work booths must be washable and kept clean. O All salons must be supplied with running hot and cold water. O All plumbing fixtures should be sufficient in number and properly installed. O The premises should be kept free from rodents, vermin, flies or other similar insects through cleanliness, use of screens, and an exterminator. O The salon must be well lighted, heated, and ventilated, in order to keep the salon in a clean and sanitary condition. O The walls, curtains, and the floor coverings in all work booths must be washable and kept clean. O All salons must be supplied with running hot and cold water. O All plumbing fixtures should be sufficient in number and properly installed. O The premises should be kept free from rodents, vermin, flies or other similar insects through cleanliness, use of screens, and an exterminator. O All hair, cotton, or other waste material must be removed from the floor without delay, and deposited in a closed container. O Waste material should be removed from the premises at frequent intervals. O Objects dropped on the floor are not to be used until sterilized. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 13 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 14 of 103 O Hairpins must not be placed in the mouth, combs must not be carried in the pockets of uniforms, and hairnets must not be carried in cuffs or pockets of the uniform. O When giving a manicure, provide finger bowls with individual paper cups for each client. O Headrest coverings and neck strips must be changed for each client.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONRules to Remember O Be very thorough when you are sanitizing implements that penetrate the skin, such as ear piercing devices and needles used in electrolysis. These devices should be discarded in a puncture-proof container or carefully cleaned and disinfected between uses. O The same procedures should be followed for other implements, such as razors, haircutting scissors, electric clippers and cuticle scissors. O Cosmetologists with open or weeping sores should not come in direct contact with a client, until their sores have healed. Therefore, it is advisable to wear gloves whenever possible, so that your hands do not become injured when working with chemicals. O Be very thorough when you are sanitizing implements that penetrate the skin, such as ear piercing devices and needles used in electrolysis. These devices should be discarded in a puncture-proof container or carefully cleaned and disinfected between uses. O The same procedures should be followed for other implements, such as razors, haircutting scissors, electric clippers and cuticle scissors. O Cosmetologists with open or weeping sores should not come in direct contact with a client, until their sores have healed. Therefore, it is advisable to wear gloves whenever possible, so that your hands do not become injured when working with chemicals. Decontamination and Infection Control Infection and disease control is one of the most important aspects of being a professional salon operator or owner. Federal and state laws govern what must be done by operators and owners to ensure the safety of the public and that no germs are allowed to spread uncontrolled. This section will provide trainees with the necessary elements to help control dangerous disease- 14 causing germs. By following some very important basic procedures and by providing a clean salon it will be easy to provide your clients with the very best professional care without the fear of your clients becoming infected by a disease agent. It is important to understand that the removal of all disease-causing germs in a salon will be almost impossible, but the control of dangerous levels is the key to providing a safe salon. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 15 of 103 Professional Salon Environment Let’s take a close look and see what can be done to identify and control the professional salon environment. Things like tables, chairs, walls, and floors are very likely contaminated with a number of germs that may be very serious disease-causing germs. There may be millions of germs present that do not affect humans when contact is made. However, one case of an infected client can send your career and the reputation of your salon downward. By understanding contamination and knowing the proper techniques of decontamination, shop operators and owners can avoid ugly lawsuits and having the business they worked hard to build destroyed.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION It is important to understand the more people that enter the salon environment, the greater the chance that new germs will be introduced and reintroduced as a result of the human contact factor. Control over where and what people do before they get to the salon is impossible to monitor, so contamination concerns must be continuous and ongoing. Your responsibility as a professional to eliminate and control contamination is vital. Decontamination of surfaces and tools used in the salon will allow for a safe and professional experience for the client. Contamination can occur in many forms and on the surface of equipment, implements, and furnishings may not show signs of contamination. Soiled towels, combs, brushes, and even clippers can and more than likely are sources for contamination if not disinfected or sterilized properly. Sanitation and disinfection are required in the salon to provide a safe environment for clients, co- workers, employees and oneself. Sanitation is the removal of large amounts of living organisms from a surface. By sanitizing tools and other items used in the salon, bacteria and germs are eliminated or lowered to safer levels. Popular forms of sanitation are described below.  The Heat steam of an autoclave has been used for many years and has proven to be one of the most dependable forms of sanitizing.  Hospital-grade disinfectants are used to sanitize surfaces and tools as well.  Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (quats) are available in liquid or tablet form. Implements should be immersed for 20 minutes or longer to ensure elimination of germs and bacteria.  Glutaraldehyde is a germicidal used to disinfect and sterilize implements that cannot be heat sterilized. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 15 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 16 of 103  Ethyl Alcohol is used as a disinfectant. In order to remain effective, the strength of ethyl alcohol should be no less than 70%.  Bleach (sodium hypochlorite), commonly known as house hold bleach, has for many years been utilized as a disinfectant at killing germs. As a result of more advanced techniques now being used, bleach is not the preferred method for decontamination. It is, however, very effective on floors, sinks, and general cleaning around the salon.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION Ultrasonic Cleaners are used in some salons but must be used with a disinfectant. The advantage of this device is that it may reach tiny crevices that may otherwise be omitted in the cleaning and sanitizing process.  Disinfection is also a part of operating a safe salon. Disinfection is used when objects can be damaged due to exposure to extreme heat. Disinfection kills microorganisms with the exception of spores. It is important to understand that disinfectants should never be used on clients. Note: It is important that directions are followed when using disinfectants. When directions are not followed, money can be wasted. Furthermore, by not following directions properly, the product that is to be disinfected may not be if a solution is too weak. It is also important to understand that the disinfectant solution always remain at an effective level. In saying this, always remember to wash all products to be disinfected with soap and water. If you attempt to disinfect soiled implements, the solution may become too weak to do an effective job. Safety Precautions 16 Remember that disinfectants are industrial strength cleaners that are powerful and can be harmful if used improperly. Never use a disinfectant to clean your hands. This is an unsafe practice and can cause skin disease. You should wear protective equipment such as gloves and safety goggles while mixing chemicals for disinfection control. Use soaking baskets and tongs to insert and remove equipment in disinfectant solutions. Always remember to clearly mark containers that are used for storing disinfectants. Look at the following definition. Sanitation is the process of reducing the levels of pathogens found on a surface. While the surface may be clean, there are still many microorganisms residing on the surface. Material Safety Data Sheet (M.S.D.S.) All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 17 of 103 Every chemical used in the United States must have an M.S.D.S. report developed by the manufacturer that developed the chemical. The purpose of the M.S.D.S. is to report the product name, active ingredients, directions for use, and safety instructions in case of accidents involving the chemical. The following is a break down of the sections on an M.S.D.S. report.C.O.E. CONTINUINGProduct information of the chemical is listed at the very start of the report. The EDUCATIONManufacturer’s/Distributor emergency contact number(s) along with product identity, product code number, product use, and hazard classification. Section 1 is a listing of the hazardous ingredients found in the product along with specific ingredient codes. Section 2 is the characteristics both physical and chemical of the product in general. These characteristics include but are not limited to physical state (liquid or solid), odor appearances like smell and color of product. Section 3 is fire and explosion hazard information on the product. Usually the fire/flame point will be listed and the level of danger to which this product will burn. Also, the extinguishing procedures are listed here in case there is a need to control a chemical fire as a result of this product. Section 4 is the reactivity data section. This section lists chemical(s), which this product must not come in contact with to ensure the product remains stable. Section 5 lists the health hazards and if special precautions need to be followed. This section discusses or lists exposure concerns and first aid procedures to follow in case of an accident. Section 6 lists control and protective measures that will need to be followed to ensure safe use of the product or chemical. Section 7 are control measures and precautions on the product. Safe handling is necessary to ensure that accidents are minimized. Waste disposal is also listed in this area. Section 8 is the regulatory information for the product. A listing of active ingredients that must be reported and a record maintained on file (M.S.D.S). Below is an example of an M.S.D.S. Material Safety Data Sheet (M.S.DS). All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 17 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 18 of 103 The Clorox CompanyC.O.E. CONTINUINGProduct: 7200 Johnson Drive EDUCATION Pleasanton, California 94588 Tel. Description: (510) 847-8100 ODOR CLOROX GERMICIDAL BLEACH Other Designations CLEAR, LIGHT YELLOW LIQUID WITH CHLORINE Manufacturer Emergency Telephone No EPA Registration No. 5813-1 The Clorox Company Rocky Mountain Poison Center Sodium hypochlorite solution 1221 Broadway Liquid chlorine bleach (800) 446-1014 Clorox Liquid Bleach Oakland, CA 94612 For Transportation Emergencies II Health Hazard Data Chemtrec (800) 424-9300 III Hazardous Ingredients Causes substantial but temporary eye injury. May Ingredients Concentration Worker Exposure Irritate skin. May cause nausea and vomiting if Limit ingested. Exposure to vapor or mist may Irritate nose, throat and lungs. The following medical Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% not conditions may be aggravated by exposure to high established concentrations of vapor or mist; heart conditions or chronic respiratory problems such as asthma, CAS # 7881-52-9 chronic bronchitle or, obstructive lung disease. Under normal consumer use conditions the likelihood of any adverse health effects are low. None of the ingredients in this product are on the All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 18 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 19 of 103 FIRST AID: EYE CONTACT: Immediately flush IARC, NTP or OSHA carcinogen list. Occasional eyes with plenty of water. If irritation persists, see clinical reports suggest a low potential for a doctor. SKIN CONTACT: Remove contaminated sensitization upon exaggerated exposure to sodium clothing. Wash area with water. INGESTION: hypochlorite if skin damage (e.g. irritation) occurs Drink a glassful of water and call a physician. during exposure. Routine clinical tests conducted INHALATION: If breathing problems develop on intact skin with Clorox Liquid Bleach found no remove to fresh air. sensitization in the test subjects.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONIV Special Protection and PrecautionsV Transportation and Regulatory Data Hygienic Practices: Wear safety glasses. With U.S. DOT Hazard Class: Not repeated or prolonged restricted use wear gloves. Engineering Controls: Use general ventilation to U.S. DOT Proper Shipping Name: Hypochlorite minimize exposure to solution with not more than 7% available chlorine. vapor or mist. Not Restricted per 49CFR172.101(c)(12)(lv) Work Practices: Avoid eye and skin contact and Section 313 (Title lll Superfund Amendment and inhalation of vapor or mist. Reauthorization Act): Keep out of reach of children. As a consumer product, this product is exempt from supplier notification requirements under VI Spill or Leak Procedures Section 313 Title lll of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1988 (reference 40 CFR Part 372). VII Reactivity Data Small Spills (<5 gallons) Stable under normal use and storage conditions. Strong oxidizing agent. Reacts with other (1) Absorb, containerize, and landfill in accordance household chemicals such as toilet bowl cleaners, with local regulations. rust removers, vinegar, acids or ammonia containing products to produce hazardous gases, All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 19 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 20 of 103 (2) Wash down residual to sanitary sewer.* such as chlorine and other chlorinated species. Prolonged contact with metal may cause pitting or discoloration.C.O.E. CONTINUINGLarge Spills (>5 gallons) EDUCATION (1) Absorb, containerize, and landfill in accordance with local regulations; wash down residual to sanitary sewer.* -OR - (2) Pump material to waste drum(s) and dispose in accordance with local regulations; wash down residual to sanitary sewer.* * Contact the sanitary treatment facility in advance to assure ability to process washed-down material. Vlll Fire and Explosion Data IX Physical Data Not flammable or explosive. In a fire, cool Boiling point---------------------------------------------- containers to prevent rupture and release of sodium -----------212 *F, 100* C chlorate. Specific Gravity (H2 O)--------------------------------- -----------------------1085 Solubility in Water -------------------------------------- ------------------complete pH---------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------11.4 All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 20 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 21 of 103C.O.E. CONTINUING Organizing an M.S.D.S. Notebook EDUCATION Suggestions for setting up an M.S.D.S. notebook include: 21  Using a three-ring binder that pages can easily be placed in or removed from.  Highlighting specific areas to identify key aspects of the M.S.D.S. report within the notebook. (See example)  Alphabetizing the M.S.D.S. reports so that locating the sheets will be fast.  Clearly mark the notebook on all sides to indicate it as the M.S.D.S. notebook.  Use a white or bright colored notebook so it can be easily identified as the M.S.D.S. Notebook.  When ordering products for the first time, request the company send you a product sheet (M.S.D.S.) page to add to your notebook.  Remove any M.S.D.S. reports when the product is no longer used in the salon.  Establish an emergency contact sheet that will be the very first page in your M.S.D.S. notebook. List the local emergency numbers for your salon area.  Add the Centers for Disease Control and the National Poison  Control Center to the emergency contact page.  Have a sheet that states your salon operators have read and understand the concept of the M.S.D.S. notebook and have them sign a form stating the information has been read. Keep a copy of this form in their employment file. Make sure the M.S.D.S. Notebook is located in a place where all employees have access to it and they are aware of its location. Anatomy and Histology of the Skin The two major divisions of the skin are the dermis and the epidermis. The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis that is composed of sheets of dead cells that serve as the major waterproof barrier to the environment. The epidermis is the visible layer of All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 22 of 103 skin. This layer contains numerous nerve endings, but no blood vessels. The human epidermis is renewed every 15-30 days.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION The epidermis consists of many layers. The stratum corneum is the outer layer that is often called the horny layer. Cells are continually being shed and replaced. This layer of skin for the 22 most part is dead - it is composed of cells that are almost pure protein. The stratum lucidum consists of translucent cells through which light can penetrate. The stratum granulosum, known as the granular layer, consists of cells that resemble granules. These cells are transforming into a harder form of protein. The stratum mucosum is also known as the basal cell layer. Basal cells are continuously being reproduced. It is the deepest layer of the epidermis. This layer also contains melanocytes that produce the coloring matter known as melanin and determines skin color. Melanocytes also react to ultraviolet rays to darken the skin for added protection. The middle layer, the dermis, provides a tough, flexible foundation for the epidermis. In the dermis, body temperature is regulated by sweat glands and blood vessels. It also contains arector pilli muscles, papillae, and hair follicles. Nerve endings send sensations of pain, itching, touch, and temperature to the brain. The skin is moisturized by oil glands that produce sebum. The dermis consists of two layers. The papillary layer connects the dermis to the epidermis. Tactile corpuscles are nerve fiber endings that contain looped capillaries. Tactile corpuscles are responsible for the sense of touch. The papillary layer also contains some of the melanin. The reticular layer is the deepest layer of the dermis. It contains fat cells, blood vessels, lymph vessels, oil glands, sweat glands, hair follicles, and arrector pilli muscles. The reticular layer supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients. Subcutaneous tissue is the fatty layer found below the dermis. It is also called the adipose or the subcutis tissue. It varies in thickness according to age, sex, and general health of the All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 23 of 103 individual. The subcutaneous tissue contains fats for energy, gives smoothness and contour to the body, and acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin. Arteries and lymphatics maintain circulation to the body. Nerves of the SkinC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONSensory nerves are receptors and send messages to the brain causing reactions to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. Motor nerve fibers, attached to the hair follicles, are distributed to the arrector pilli muscles which may cause goose flesh when you are frightened or cold. The secretory nerve fibers regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and regulate the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin. Glands of the Skin There are two types of duct glands contained in the skin that pull out minerals from the blood to create new substances. The suderiferous glands are the sweat glands and the sebaceous glands are the oil glands. Sweat glands excrete perspiration. This secretion is odorless when excreted, but in a short period of time produces an offensive odor due to the bacteria on the skin’s surface feeding on the fats of its secretion. Perspiration is controlled by the nervous system. About 1-2 pints of liquid containing salts are excreted daily through the sweat pores in the skin. The sweat glands consist of a coiled base or fundus and a tube-like duct that ends at the skin surface forming the pores. Sweat glands are more numerous on the palms, soles, forehead, and armpits. Body temperature is regulated by the sweat glands that also aid in the elimination of waste. Oil glands secrete sebum through little sacs whose ducts open in to the hair follicles. These glands are found in all parts of the body with the exception of the palms and soles. The oily substance produced by the oil glands is called sebum. Sebum lubricates the skin and preserves the pliability of the hair. When the duct becomes clogged with hardened sebum, a blackhead is formed. Nourishment of the Skin Blood and lymph circulate through the skin providing nourishment essential for growth and repair of the skin, hair, and nails. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 23 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 24 of 103 Functions of the Skin The major functions of the skin are sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion, and secretion. The functions of the skin can easily be remembered using the acronym: SHAPESC.O.E. CONTINUINGS - ensation - response to heat, cold, pressure, and pain EDUCATION H - eat regulation - maintains body temperature of 98.6 A - bsorption - substances can enter the body through the skin and affect it to a minor degree P - rotection - from bacterial invasion E - xcretion - sweat glands excrete perspiration S - ecretion - sebum is secreted by the sebaceous glands Terminology • Dermatology- study of the skin, its nature, functions, and treatment • Dermatologist- a medical skin specialist • Disease- a pathological condition of the body, organ, or mind making it incapable of carrying on normal functions • Disorder- abnormal condition usually not contagious • Immunity-freedom from or resistance to disease • Integumentary system- one of the 10 systems of the body; pertains to the skin, its appendages and functions • Pathology- study of disease • Etiology- study of the causes of diseases • Trichology- study of hair • Diagnosis- recognition of a disease by its symptoms • Prognosis- foretelling of the probable course of a disease • Objective symptom-visible symptom • Subjective symptom- symptom that can be felt by client, but not by observation • Acute- rapid onset with severe symptoms of short duration • Chronic- long duration, usually mild, but often recurring • Infectious disease- invasion of body tissue by bacteria that cause • Contagious- communicable; by contact All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 24 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 25 of 103 • Occupational- due to certain kinds of employment • Seasonal- influenced by weather • Parasitic- caused by vegetable or animal parasites • Pathogenic- produced by disease causing bacteria • Systemic- due to over or under functioning of the internal glands • Venereal disease- acquired by sexual contact • Epidemic- emergence of a disease that affects a large number of people simultaneously • Allergy- reaction due to extreme sensitivity to normally harmless substances • Inflammation- skin disorder characterized by redness, pain, edema, and heat • Rhytidectomy- face lift • Blepharoplasty- eyelid surgery • Chemical peel- chemical solution applied to skin areas causing a mild, controlled burn of the skin • Rhinoplasty- plastic surgery of the nose • Mentoplasty- chin surgery • Dermabrasion- sandblasting irregularities of the skin • Injectable fillers- tiny injections of collagen to soften wrinkles • Retin-A- prescription cream used in the treatment of acneC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION Skin, Diseases, Disorders The flexible, waterproof, tough protective covering known as the skin is the largest organ in the body both by weight and surface area. Skin accounts for approximately 16% of the body’s weight. Healthy skin has a fine texture that is slightly moist, soft, and flexible. Varying in thickness, the skin is thinnest on the eyelids and thickest on the palms and soles. A callous can be caused by continuous friction on any part of the skin. The skin has appendages that include the hair, sweat and oil glands, and the nails. Composed of the substance known as keratin, this protein gives the skin its protective ability. The skin is slightly acidic in pH, which enables good immunity responses to intruding organisms. Normally the skin separates the internal environment from the external. However skin diseases and infections can invade that barrier. For this reason, a thorough understanding of the histology of the skin and its diseases and disorders is needed for a better position to give clients professional advice. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 25 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 26 of 103 In a salon, you will come in contact with diseases and disorders of the skin and its appendages: the hair and nails. Your license requires you to be responsible for the recognition of potentially infections diseases. Some disorders can be treated in cooperation with and under the supervision of a physician.C.O.E. CONTINUINGWARNING: NEVER TRY TO DIAGNOSE A DISEASE; EDUCATIONALWAYS REFER TO A PHYSICIAN. NOTE: COLOR CHANGES, A CRACK ON THE SKIN, A TYPE OF THICKENING, OR ANY DISCOLORATION, RANGING FROM SHADES OF RED TO BROWN AND PURPLE TO ALMOST BLACK, MAY BE SIGNS OF DANGER AND SHOULD BE EXAMINED BY A DERMATOLOGIST. CAUTION: DO NOT TREAT OR REMOVE HAIR FROM MOLES. Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands Description Condition/Disease/Disorder blackheads, a worm-like mass of keratinized Comedones cells& hardened sebum Milia whiteheads, an accumulation of dead, keratinized cells and sebaceous matter trapped beneath the skin All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 26 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 27 of 103 Acne Simplex chronic inflammatory disorder usually related to hormonal changes & overactive sebaceous glandsC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONAcne Vulgarisacne-pimples Acne Rosacea chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks& nose Seborrhea/Seborrhea Oleosa = Oily Dandruff overactive sebaceous glands-often the basis of Steatoma acne Asteatosis wen or sebaceous cyst (subcutaneous tumor)ranges in size from a pea to an orange dry, scaly skin characterized by absolute or partial deficiency of sebum Furuncle boil-a subcutaneous abscess that fills with pus Cysts 27 All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 28 of 103 sac-like, elevated (usually round) area, contains liquid or semi-liquid substance-when a follicle ruptures deep within the dermis & irritating oil& dead cells seep into the surrounding tissues often cause acne pitsC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONPimples follicle filled with oil, dead cells, & bacteria inflammation causes white blood cells to rush to fight bacteria creating a pus Disorders of the Sudoriferous Glands Description Condition/Disease/Disorder osmidrosis=foul-smelling perspiration Bromidrosis Anhidrosis lack of perspiration Hyperhidrosis excessive perspiration Miliaria Rubra prickly heat-eruptions of small red vesicles accompanied by burning & itching-caused by All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 28 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 29 of 103 excessive heatC.O.E. CONTINUINGHypertrophies Description EDUCATIONCondition/Disease/Disorder callus-superficial, round, thickening of Keratoma the epidermis caused by friction (inward growth is called a corn) Mole a small, brown spot-believed to be inherited maybe flat or deeply seated-pale tan-brown or bluish black Verruca wart, a viral infection of the epidermis-benign Skin Tag bead-like fibrous tissue that stands away from the flat surface-often a dark color Polyp growth that extends from the surface or may also grow with the body All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 29 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 30 of 103 Inflammations Description Condition/Disease/DisorderC.O.E. CONTINUINGEczema dry or moist lesions accompanied by itching, EDUCATION burning, & various other unpleasant sensations usually red-blistered, & oozing Psoriasis rarely on the face, lesions are round, dry patches covered with coarse, silvery scales-if irritated, bleeding points occur-may be spread to larger area-not contagious Herpes Simplex/ fever blisters/cold sores- Herpes Zoster = Shingles on a red swollen base single group of vesicles Allergy Related Dermatitis Condition/Disease/Disorder Description Dermatitis allergy to ingredients in cosmetics, etc. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 30 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 31 of 103 Venenata protection is the prevention-gloves, etc.C.O.E. CONTINUINGDermatitis Medicamentosadermatitis that occurs after an injection of a EDUCATION substance Urticaria hives-inflammation caused by an allergy to specific drugs/foods Primary Skin Lesions Condition/Disease/Disorder Description Macule small, discolored spot or patch on the skin's surface, neither raised nor sunken-ex: freckles Papule small elevated pimple containing no fluid, but may have pus note: yellow or white fatty papules around the eyes indicate an elevated cholesterol level-refer to a physician (xanthelasma). All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 31 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 32 of 103 Wheal itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours- ex: mosquito biteC.O.E. CONTINUINGTubercle solid lump larger than a papule-projects above EDUCATION the skin or lies with-sized from pea to hickory nut Tumor external swelling-varies in size, shape & color Vesicle Blister containing a watery fluid-larger than a vesicle Pustule Elevation with inflamed base, containing pus Secondary Skin Lesions Condition/Disease/Disorder Description Scale accumulation of epidermal flakes, dry or All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 32 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 33 of 103 greasy- ex: abnormal dandruffC.O.E. CONTINUINGCrust accumulation of serum & pus-mixed with EDUCATION epidermal material-ex: scab Excoriation abrasion produced by scratching or scraping- ex: raw surface after injury Fissure crack in the skin penetrating into the dermis Ulcer open lesion on skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus & loss of skin depth Acne Scars Description Condition/Disease/Disorder Ice Pick Scar large, visible, open pores that look as if the skin has been jabbed with an ice pick-follicle always looks open-caused by deep pimple or cyst All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 33 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 34 of 103 Acne Pit Scar slightly sunken or depressed appearance- caused by pimples/cysts that have destroyed the skin & formed scar tissueC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONAcne Raised Scarlumpy mass of raised tissue on the surface of the skin-caused where cysts have clumped together Contagious Disorders ringworm, due to fungi (plant or vegetable parasites) -small reddened patch of little Tinea blisters that spread outward and heal in the Tinea Capitis - Ringworm of Scalp middle with scaling Tinea Sycosis - Barber's Itch Tinea Favosa - Honeycomb Ringworm Tinea Unguium - Ringworm of Nails Athlete's Foot - Ringworm of Feet CAUTION! NEVER ATTEMPT TO DIAGNOSE BUMPS, LESIONS, ULCERATIONS, OR DISCOLORATIONS AS All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 34 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 35 of 103 SKIN CANCER, BUT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SERIOUS SKIN DISORDERS AND SUGGEST THAT THE CLIENT SEE A PHYSICIAN OR DERMATOLOGIST.C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONExtremely Serious Disorders-Skin Cancers Basal Cell Carcinoma least malignant-most common skin cancer characterized by light or pearly nodules & visible blood vessels Squamous Cell Carcinoma scaly, red papules-blood vessels are not visible more serious than basal cell Malignant Melanoma most serious-characterized by dark brown, black, or discolored patches on the skin Tumor abnormal growth of swollen tissue Nail Diseases/Disorders All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 35 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 36 of 103 Onychophagy nail bitingC.O.E. CONTINUINGOnychogryposisover curvature of the nail-claw like EDUCATION Pterygium sticky overgrowth of the cuticle Eggshell Nail extremely thin nail Leuconychia white spots under the nail plate Paronychia bacterial inflammation of tissue (perionychium) around the nail Tinea Corporis ringworm of the hand Tinea Pedia ringworm of the foot All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 36 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 37 of 103 Agnail HangnailC.O.E. CONTINUINGOnychia an inflammation somewhere in the nail EDUCATION Onychocyanosis blue nail (usually caused by poor circulation) Hematoma Nail bruised nail (usually caused by a hammer or slammed door) Tinea Unguium onychomycosis-ringworm of the nail Onychorrexis split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges Beau's Lines ridges/corrugations/furrows All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 37 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 38 of 103 Onychatrophia atrophy or wasting away of the nailC.O.E. CONTINUINGOnychocryptosis ingrown nail EDUCATION Onychauxis overgrowth of the nail plate Onychosis any nail disease Onychophosis accumulation of horny layers of epidermis under the nail Hair Disease/Disorders dry dandruff greasy dandruff Pityriasis Capitis Simplex Pityriasis Capitis Steatoids Seborrhea Oleosa = Oily Dandruff All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 38 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 39 of 103 Trichoptilosis split hair endsC.O.E. CONTINUINGTrichorrehexis NodosaKnotted EDUCATION Tinea Favosa honeycomb ringworm Tinea Capitis ringworm of the scalp Tinea Sycosis barber's itch Androgenetic Alopecia common hereditary hair loss Alopecia Adnata loss of hair shortly after birth Alopecia Areata hair loss in patches All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 39 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 40 of 103 Alopecia Follicularis hair loss caused by inflammation of hair folliclesC.O.E. CONTINUINGAlopecia Prematura hair loss early in life EDUCATION Alopecia Senilis hair loss from old age Alopecia Totalis hair loss from entire scalp Alopecia Universalis hair loss from entire body Traction/Traumatic Alopecia patchy hair loss sometimes due to repetitive traction on the hair by pulling or twisting Postpartum temporary hair loss at the conclusion Alopecia of pregnancy All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 40 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 41 of 103 Telogen Effluven hair loss during the telogen phase of the hair growth cycleC.O.E. CONTINUINGCanities gray hair EDUCATION Pediculosis Capitis headlice Monilithrix beaded hair Fragilitis Crinium brittle hair Hirsuities/Hypertrichosis superfluous hair, excessive Scabies contagious disease caused by the itch mite Impetigo/Infantigo highly contagious bacterial infection, usually All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 41 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 42 of 103 staphylococcal Discoid Lupus chronic autoimmune disorder, causes red Erythematosus (DLE) often scarring plaques, hair loss, & internal effectsC.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATIONKeloids forms when excess collagen forms at the site of a healing scar-over healing Asteatosis excessive dry skin Skin Conditions /Descriptions WARNING: NEVER TRY TO DIAGNOSE A DISEASE; ALWAYS REFER TO A PHYSICIAN. NOTE: COLOR CHANGES, A CRACK ON THE SKIN, A TYPE OF THICKENING, OR ANY DISCOLORATION, RANGING FROM SHADES OF RED TO BROWN AND PURPLE TO ALMOST BLACK, MAY BE SIGNS OF DANGER AND SHOULD BE EXAMINED BY A DERMATOLOGIST. All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 42 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 43 of 103 CAUTION: DO NOT TREAT OR REMOVE HAIR FROM MOLES.C.O.E. CONTINUINGPigmented Lesions Description EDUCATIONCondition/ Disease/Disordersmall, yellow to brown spots Lentigo birthmark (port wine or strawberry) small-large Naevus malformation of skin due to pigmentation or dilated capillaries abnormal light patches due to congenital defective pigmentations All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 43 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 44 of 103C.O.E. CONTINUINGLeucoderma EDUCATION acquired condition of leucoderma-may affect skin or hair Vitiligo Albinism congenital absence of melanin pigment Stain abnormal, brown, skin patches having a circular & irregular shape Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands 44 All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 45 of 103 Condition/ Disease/Disorder Description blackheads, a worm-like mass of keratinized cells & hardened sebumC.O.E. CONTINUINGComedones whiteheads, an accumulation of dead, keratinized cells EDUCATIONMilia and sebaceous matter trapped beneath the skin Acne Simplex chronic inflammatory disorder usually related to hormonal changes & overactive sebaceous glands All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 45 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 46 of 103 Acne Vulgaris acne-pimplesC.O.E. CONTINUING chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks & nose EDUCATION Acne Rosacea Seborrhea/Seborrhea overactive sebaceous glands-often the basis of acne Oleosa = Oily Dandruff wen or sebaceous cyst (subcutaneous tumor) ranges in size from a pea to an orange All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 46 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 47 of 103 SteatomaC.O.E. CONTINUINGAsteatosis dry, scaly skin characterized by absolute or partial EDUCATIONFuruncledeficiency of sebum boil-a subcutaneous abscess that fills with pus Cysts sac-like, elevated (usually round) area, contains liquid or semi-liquid substance-when a follicle ruptures deep within the dermis & irritating oil & dead cells seep into the surrounding tissues often cause acne pits All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 47 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 48 of 103C.O.E. CONTINUINGPimples follicle filled with oil, dead cells, & bacteria EDUCATION inflammation causes white blood cells to rush to fight bacteria creating pus Disorders of the Sudoriferous Glands Description Condition/ Disease/Disorder osmidrosis=foul-smelling perspiration Bromidrosis Anhidrosis lack of perspiration All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 48 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 49 of 103 Hyperhidrosis excessive perspirationC.O.E. CONTINUINGMiliaria Rubra prickly heat-eruptions of small red vesicles EDUCATION accompanied by burning & itching-caused by excessive heat Hypertrophies Description Condition/ Disease/Disorder Keratoma callus-superficial, round, thickening of the epidermis caused by friction (inward growth is called a corn) Mole a small, brown spot-believed to be inherited may be flat or deeply seated-pale tan-brown or bluish black All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 49 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.

C.O.E. CONTINUING EDUCATION WEST All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E.VIRGINIA Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 50 of 103 wart, a viral infection of the epidermis-benignC.O.E. CONTINUINGVerruca EDUCATION Skin Tag bead-like fibrous tissue that stands away from the flat surface-often a dark color Polyp growth that extends from the surface or may also grow with the body Inflammations Condition/ Disease/Disorder Description All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing 50 Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state.