ASM Annual Report 2016

ChallengesAfter leading the Academy for six years as the President, I find that today the challenges haveremained the same. Sufficient sustainable funding is a key to the performance of ASM. Wehave been able to do so over the last few years, as we have courageously decided to utilise thereserve that we have saved. However, we believe this action is pertinent and necessary in orderto prove the capability and capacity of ASM as the national Thought Leader, and I would like toremind through a quote by Socrates that ‘The way to gain good reputation is to endeavour to bewhat you desire to appear’.Ministries and government agencies have begun to recognise ASM as a credible resource.I hope ASM will continue the momentum of bridging the ministries for more positivecollaborations and outcomes. I wish to thank all ASM partners and stakeholders for thecooperation and forth-coming participation in ASM activities. Your input has enabled us toprovide comprehensive advisory input to the government and become an influential voice in STI.ASM will continue to offer an independent platform for all to provide feedback and thoughts.I am proud to acknowledge the tireless work, commitment and leadership of ASM Fellows thathas been crucial in building ASM’s credibility. I hope this spirit and passion will continue andfull support is given to my successor, Professor Datuk Dr Asma Ismail FASc. I am confident thather leadership, dedication and wisdom will steer ASM to a glorious path.My appreciation is also extended to the diligent and dedicated management team and all staffmembers for their care and passion in achieving ASM’s goal.Tan Sri Datuk Ir Dr Ahmad Tajuddin Ali FASc 100

Advising theNation on STI+ASM’s strategic studies aim to provide independent, credible, relevantand timely advice on STI related issues of national and internationalimportance. The studies are categorised into four themes namelyMalaysia 2050, emerging technology, sustainability science, andsocio-economics. The underlying aspects of the ecosystem,S&T capacity and financial resources are addressed in each of thestudies in a holistic manner. 101

Malaysia 2050 SMART COMMUNITIESASM envisions Malaysia to become a nation of Smart Communitiesby the year 2050. This vision was coined by ASM in 2014 when ASMembarked on a foresight exercise to develop a framework for the boldjourney between Malaysia’s status quo and its future destination.The Smart Communities encompasses both urban and ruralcommunities, where the inhabitants live in a harmonious, prosperousand sustainable milieu. In this scenario, basic rights such as education,healthcare and security are guaranteed, wealth is generated throughsustainable economic activities and the nation is governed by soundprinciples.Under this exercise, ASM has embarked on four studies namely:1 Malaysia 2050: 3 Mega Science 3.0 Foresight Initiative2 Emerging Science 4 New Economic “ It is about acting now to ensure Engineering and Opportunities in sustainability, connectivity, Technology (ESET) STI-based Industries prosperity, peace and harmony Study to serve Emerging to ensure a high quality of life Markets (NEO) ”for all in the future Tan Sri Ir Dr Ahmad Tajuddin Ali FASc 102

Malaysia 2050: Smart CommunitiesLeveraging on Advance STI Capacity 103

Foresight Initiative Conduct of Initiative Inclusive input from policy makers, scientific community,ASM through the Malaysian Foresight Alliance brought academia, industry leaders, STI professional bodies, socialtogether various experts and think tanks from the fields of scientists, economists, historians, religious experts and NGOsS&T, Society & Culture, Geopolitics, and Economy & Finance toenvision the state of the Nation as it moves towards 2050. This f-actsheetinitiative presents an opportunity for stakeholders to embracean imaginative yet realistic paradigm for strategic planning 34 Stakeholder Engagementsthrough the use of foresight or futures thinking. Workshops, Trainings, Focus Group Discussions, TalksThrough the Foresight Initiative, nine key drivers that mightsignificantly shape Malaysia’s future were identified. 200+ Organisations and 300+ Experts / Leaders People Population & & Values Demographics Involved in Surveys, Interviews, & Focus Group Discussions STI LE HAR Leadership 3 International Futurists Capacity & Governance& Competency The Malaysian Foresight Alliance consists of: • MOSTI SUSTAINAB SMART MONIOUS • ASM COMMUNITIES • University of Malaya (UM) Economic Talents • Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology (MiGHT) Growth 2050 • Malaysian Foresight Institute (myForesight) • The Malaysian Institute of Integrity (INTEGRITI)& Equitable • Institute for Youth Research Malaysia (IYRES)Distribution • Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) • Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia (IKIM)Urbanisation and PROSPEROUS Education &rise of Megacitites Training 104 Green & Sustainable Practices

Emerging Science, Engineering and Technology (ESET)The Emerging Science, Engineering and Technology Study aims to -factsheetidentify critical emerging technologies that enable the realisation ofthe envisioned Smart Communities in 2050. The first phase of the study The ESET study looked into 5 emerging mega technologiesidentified 284 emerging technologies, products and services impactfulto Malaysia moving towards 2050. Upon further narrowing through the that will positively impact Malaysia’s socio-economyfindings from the Foresight Initiative, 95 emerging technologies were moving towards 2050identified based on Malaysia’s needs and strength. These technologies • Biotechnologywere further prioritised based on two criteria: attractiveness and • Digital Technologyfeasibility to identify a list of critical technologies for Malaysia’s R&D • Green Technologyfocus areas towards 2050. • Nanotechnology • Neurotechnology95 emerging 18 15 technologies Advanced Materials Artificial Intelligence Together, these technologies are projected to contribute classified into & Nanomaterials (AI) & Robotics 13 categories: 29.1% to Malaysia’s GDP in 2020.10 10 9 8 Genomics Communications & Bioprocessing Algorithm & Networks Programming6 5 Cognitive 5 3 Energy & Fuels Sensors & Nanosensors Precision Technology2 2 2 Based on Computing Cybersecurity MASTIC’s Augmented Reality (AR) Malaysian R&D & Virtual Reality (VR) Classification System 105

Mega Science 3.0 MS 3.0 Industries FurnitureASM undertook a series of Mega Science (MS) studies Automotivebeginning 2010. The third in the series, MS 3.0 began Creativein 2015 and was completed in 2016. MS 3.0 covers five Tourismindustries: Furniture, Automotive, Creative, Tourism, and Plastics &Plastics & Composites. CompositesThe five industries took into account the desired nationalaspiration of “Smart Communities” 2050. The studyidentified issues and challenges, formulated strategiesand recommendations, developed industry road maps forshort-, medium- and long-term until 2050.The strategies and recommendations that were identifiedare expected to help these five industries positionthemselves globally and nationally by offering appropriateinterventions, especially in terms of human capitaldevelopment, STI, and governance.f-actsheetThe MS 3.0 National Forum and Exhibition was held on 10November in Kuala Lumpur and officiated by the HonorableMinister of Science, Technology and Innovation, Datuk SeriPanglima Wilfred Madius Tangau. The five Industry SectoralReport findings were presented to the public for feedback.Various creative aspects of the industries were exhibitedincluding a made-in-the-garage drone and 3D printer, artpieces, 3D printed fashion pieces and medical devices, a brain-computer interfaced wheelchair, VR and AR displays, and twocars with bodies made of carbon and glass composites as wellas a composite-based fenestron.

YB Minister Datuk Seri PanglimaWilfred Madius Tangau visited the time tunnel at the Mega Science 3.0 National Forum & Exhibition

Furniture IndustryFocus AreasDesign – Manufacturing – Marketing – SustainabilitySince the pre-recession in 2011, the world furniture trade hascontinued to grow until it reached USD128 billion in 2013. Worldwideconsumption per capita of furniture averages USD83 billion annually.The strategy for Malaysia to keep up with the emerging furnituremarket is to move from original equipment manufacturing-based(OEM) to original design manufacturing-based (ODM).Vietnam had surpassed Malaysia in the world ranking of furnitureexporters in 2009 and has continued rising to fifth place in 2014.Meanwhile, China being the main player in the industry has thecapability to produce furniture at high volume. In contrast, the demandin the Malaysian domestic market is not as high as the internationalmarkets. Malaysian manufacturers believe that high demand ofdomestic market is the key to the cost effectiveness of full automationimplementation.Subsequently, the impact of ESET findings on the Malaysian furnitureindustry was examined. In particular, it is expected that emergingnew species of wood tree for furniture use, marketing throughinternet, Internet of Things (IoT) in the furniture, less waste producedin furniture manufacturing and automated manufacturing systemwill have a significant impact on the furniture industry. Economy andfinance, social and culture, and geopolitics in 2050 will also shape thedirection of the furniture industry. Malaysia’s economy and finance bythen will catch up with current advanced nations.

Enhancing Malaysia’s Value PropositionStrategies & RecommendationsDesign Manufacturing Marketing SustainabilityStrengthen university-industry- Agile manufacturing Synergy for business growth Certification throughgovernment link. • C ost-saving manufacturing • Review of national policies (foreign Chain of Custody (CoC)• E nhance programmes for • R eview national policies on high technologies labour and downstream industries) designers • Strengthen institutional support value added industries, rubber and Higher education in furniture timber wood sustainabilityR&D on innovative furniture design and manufacturing and delivery system• IoT of furniture • Train youth with skill sets for all Create awareness on sustainability• Adopt advanced technologies Original Equipment Manufacturer • Introduce new wood species levels (OEM) to Original Design • Consistent supply of planted wood (CAD/CAE/CAM, • Reduce dependence on foreign Manufacturer (ODM) to Original • Certified sustainable timber Rapid Prototyping) Brand Manufacturer (OBM) • Sustainability of resources• Functional design labour • Develop new business model • New ODM companies linked to R&D on alternative materials,Diversify raw materials Awareness on sustainability sustainable raw material and new• New wood species, recognised brand companies species R&D on alternative materials, • New marketing platform (VR) • T issue culture for new breed bio-plastics,bio-composites, advanced manufacturing technology natural fibre, or wood plastic • R &D on cutting tools, processing trees (shorter maturing age, high composite (WPC) as substitute quality) materials machineries and technology • F urniture Testing Centre for • A dopt or develop advanced certified quality furniture technologies (Computer Numerical Control Machine, 3D printing) 109

Automotive IndustryFocus AreasIntegrated Digital Engineering - Advanced Integrated Active Safety -Big Data Movement - Advanced Green MaterialsThe involvement of IT companies are revolutionising the automotiveindustries. The industry is now going beyond traditional technologies,such as engine and powertrain system, by incorporatingcommunication technologies which will potentially reduce mechanicalcomponents in vehicle configuration while electrical components willbe dominant. Cars in future will be autonomous embedded with IoTcontributing to big data movement.At the initial stage, under the vision 2020 to industrialise Malaysia,automotive industry was intended to spur the demands for parts andcomponent and thereby encouraging the development of small andmedium industries within the industrial ecosystem. Apart from beingmajor employment contributor, the industry currently contributes 8.5%to the manufacturing sector of the nation’s economy accounting 2.5%of the GDP.Total global vehicle ownerships is expected to exceed 2.5 billion by2050. New vehicle innovations are now creeping into the marketplaces promising environmental friendly and mileage efficientcharacteristics. New vehicles, such as; Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV),Plug-in-Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV), Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) and FuelCell Vehicles (FCV) are making their way into the market.

Enhancing Malaysia’s Value Proposition RecommendationsStrategies Continue to enhance the automotive ecosystem1 Formulate appropriate government policy, Formulate new policy instruments for e-mobility regulations and incentives in the following aspects: Spearhead future e-mobility businesses • Environment Improve technology development and R&D • Businesses and trades • Talent Create e-mobility R&D community, associations and • Standardisation young talent programmes • Incentive options to help promote e-mobility Adjust for cultural simulation towards e-mobility2 Develop business collaborations within the e-mobility value chain3 Identify customers’ attitude towards new vehicle usage and benefits thereby reducing anxieties and increase acceptability4 Institute relevant support infrastructure coordination5 Create a strong R&D community to explore the development of e-mobility 111

Creative IndustryFocus AreasHeritage - Arts - Media - Functional CreationsThe creative economy is fuelled by cultural and creative industrieswhich encompass arts, culture, business and technology at its hub.The growing global economy is slowly moving towards energisingthe creative economy as many governments around the world haveidentified cultural and creative economy as principal contributor tothe national economic growth. Thus, they have introduced ‘CreativeEconomy’ and formalised policies for a more strategised andstructured adoption and implementation. Among the early adoptersare countries from the European Union, UK, China and Indonesia.Individual creativity, skill and talent contributing to wealth and jobcreation through the generation and exploitation of intellectualproperty are the key-drivers of a creative industry. The creativeindustry encompasses 13 sectors; advertising, architecture, the artand antiques market, crafts, design, fashion, film, interactive leisuresoftware (i.e. video games), music, the performing arts, publishing,software, and television and radio.The Mega Science 3.0 study under the Creative Sectors adopted thefollowing focus areas:• Heritage: Galleries, Libraries, Archaeology and Museums (GLAM);•A rts: Visual Arts, Performing Arts, Traditional Arts & Crafts• M edia: Publishing, Audiovisual and New Media• Functional Creations B uilt environment, Fashion & Jewellery and Graphic & Advertising.

Enhancing Malaysia’s Value PropositionStrategies & RecommendationsGovernance and Institutions Industry Positioning R&D• Invest in talent development • Incorporate AR/VR, multisensory • F ocus on immersive, inclusive• A doption of advance technologies by experience into products and interactive digital content and entertainment GLAM Traditional Arts and Crafts • Assimilate new technologies in industry• Update National Creative Industry Policy to • Improve value chain with adaptation of new • Identify and develop statistical indicators match current trends technologies• Establish National Arts Council• Create incentives for industry Talent Development Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)• Establish National History Museum• Invest in creative industry products and • U pgrade skills to match technological • C reate awareness on new technology that advancement is disruptive to IPR services• Establish training and R&D institutes • D evelop entrepreneurship • P romote creative industry designer to • Increase apprenticeship, mentorship and register higher education programme for IPR 113

Tourism IndustryFocus AreasTrends Related to Destination Management - Transportation andConnectivity Developments - Climate Change and SustainabilityIssues - Demographic Changes- Barrier-free TourismBy the year 2020, tourism will be the world’s largest industry.The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) anticipates that theUnited States and China will hold on to their positions as the twobiggest travel and tourism economies worldwide. By 2025, the globaltravel and tourism sector is expected to contribute357 million jobs with the expected arrival of 1.8 billion tourists in 2030.Northeast Asia will be the most visited sub-region representing 16% oftotal arrivals while Southeast Asia arrivals will triple to 210 million in2030.Malaysia has experienced significant growth in terms of touristarrivals in the last 30 years, with the strongest increase recordedduring the last 15 years. In 2015, Malaysia received 25.7 millionvisitors and RM69.1 billion receipts. In addition, Malaysia registered atotal of 169.3 million domestic visitors in 2014, with a total expenditureof RM62.2 billion. The tourism industry employs a significant numberof workers, estimated at 14% of the workforce. Under the EconomicTransformation Program (ETP), the tourism sector’s target are 36million tourist arrivals and RM168 billion tourist receipts for 2020.These targets are premised upon shifting its focus to raising the yieldper tourist by improving and upgrading tourist offerings and services,and enhancing connectivity to key priority markets.

Enhancing Malaysia’s Value PropositionStrategiesGovernance Outreach and Advocacy• Strengthen enforcement of laws, rules and regulations • R emedial actions against pollution and existing• M onitoring, tracking and evaluating impact of tourism environmental challenges activities • A dopt international best practices to promote and• Coordination of products and servies at all levels develop sustainable tourismS&T Implications and R&D Needs • Involvement of local communities in tourism• ICT usage expansion to enhance tourist experience development to eradicate poverty• T echnological revolution and impact on future tourism Capacity building • Good governance, management, leadership and funding increases standards and productivityRecommendations • C ircuit TV and tracking device to increase safety in eco-tourism areas• Use technology to enhance tourist experience • Strenghten environmental protection• S trenghten city tourism • Enforcement of laws • Sectoral resource management for renewable energy• Address talent deficit • R evamp community tourism model to give higher yields• Implementation of Disability Act 2008 in all sectors to rural communities • S trengthen governance mechanism at national, state• Embed sustainability appreciation in education and society and local levels• Encourage community participation in traditional arts 115 and culture• Promote green technology development in tourism• E ffective use of Human Resource Developement Fund (HRDF) for talent development

Plastic and Composite IndustryFocus AreasTrends for Advanced Materials - New Product Development -Trends for Advanced Manufacturing Technology - Environmentand Sustainable DevelopmentComposites and plastics lumber will witness increasing demandsbecause of their long lifespans, resistance to degradation caused byexposure to the elements and insect attack, minimal maintenancerequirements, and capacity to be cut and handled like natural wood.Moreover, the increase in demand will be driven further by the growingviewpoint that these materials are environmental friendly since theyincorporate recycled materials.Globally, the composites industry is expected to grow by about 4% in2015. By 2019, the global composites market is expected to experienceexceptional growth and even be valued at approximately USD35 billion.By 2050, the composites market is seen to experience significantgrowth given the new developments created in different sectors. Itcould even reach USD285 billion.Through the years, the plastics industry of Malaysia has gone frommanufacturing low-end consumer products that are used for import-substitutions to manufacturers for the export-oriented sector andother high-end industrial applications. The Malaysian PlasticsManufactures Association (MPMA) has stated that in recent years,the share of exports against sales turnover rose from approximately40% in the late 1990s to about 60%. As of 2015, there has beencontinuous growth in the Malaysian plastics industry. Its total salesturnover that year went up to RM25 billion, a 27% increase comparedto the RM19 billion earned in 2014. As for the Malaysia compositeindustry turnover, it was estimated to be RM3.5 billion from a total of70 fabricators. Currently, the largest application is in construction,aerospace and marine sectors.

Enhancing Malaysia’s Value PropositionStrategies• Create a conducive environment to enhance • F oster linkages between upstream-, • F acilitate industrial initiatives to move firms up innovation culture within the plastics and midstream- and downstream activities. value chains and differentiate them from their composites industry. worldwide rivals. • Establish newer recycling schemes for the• B uild people capacity and capability in plastics promotion of efficiencies as well as the and composites. conservation of resources and the reduction of polluting wastes.• Generous government funding and incentives to R, D & C, at par with developed nations, i.e. 2% • Ensure sustainability of the plastics and of GDP. composites industry via a circular economy approach.• E mpower the industry to develop the plastics and composites industry with strong backing of • E ngage key policy makers to understand the government. needs of the plastics and composites industry.Recommendations • C ommit financial investment at par with • E ncourage the plastics and composites advanced nations (2% of GDP) for research industry and public sector to embrace the• Match the output of the Technical Vocational funding to be made available over the next 35 “Circular Economy” which includes “Waste Education & Training (TVET) institutions with years. to Wealth (W2W)” and 4R (Reduce, Reuse, the manpower requirements of the plastics Recycle, Recover). and composites industries. • E ncourage all industries to use more plastics and polymer composites to improve• Endorse and fund industry association as performance and meet sustainability plastics and composites Industry Steering requirement (Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Task Force (ISTF) under MITI. holistic approaches). 117

New Economic OpportunitiesThis joint study was mandated by the National Manufacturing and Ancillary Services Health and WellnessScience Council to ASM and the National Manufacturing sector contributed up The transformation for health andCouncil of Professors (MPN) in 2016. The to 23% to Malaysia’s GDP. There is a wellness will focus on e-health deliveryaim is to propose the most appropriate and strong need for the manufacturing system, where the infrastructure atvital mechanism for Malaysia to leverage on, sector to evolve in order to remain present is far more accommodatingtowards expanding global opportunities for competitive. Globally, this sector is seeing than two decades ago when telemedicine waseconomic growth by developing STI-based phenomenal change in the form of the Fourth first introduced in this country. It is envisaged thatindustries. Industrial Revolution. Emerging technology the e-health delivery system will boost health breakthroughs such as in artificial intelligence, IoT, tourism, where health and wellness servicesThe new economy is driven by knowledge autonomous vehicles, 3D printing, nanotechnology, can be provided online with a trusted networkand enabled by fast-paced technology and materials science, energy storage and quantum of experts for first and follow-up consultationsdigital connectivity, allowing radical sharing computing are driving the manufacturing sector. and treatments. With excellent medical facilities,of ideas across borders. This has given rise to Malaysia is well positioned to be a leading healthcollaborative networks for disruptive innovation Services and wellness destination in ASEAN.that result in knowledge-intensive products and The services sector contributed 53.8%services that offer better value propositions of Malaysia’s GDP in 2015 and will f-actsheetcompared with products from market continue to be the primary driver ofincumbents. economic growth in the 11MP. Both the Representation Based on Organisation 11MP and Services Sector Blueprint place greatRealising this huge potential as an economic emphasis on knowledge intensive and innovation- Industry - 35%boost, this study proposes the way forward led services industries. The transformation Government - 26%for Malaysia to remain competitive adopting envisaged shall focus on financial-technology Academia - 22%holistic collaborative economy model through (fintech), where tremendous innovations across the Civil Society - 17%establishing industry specific collaborative globe are taking place. Malaysia can position itselfnetworks. Four strategic focus areas, namely as a leader by encouraging the development of Project Durationthe Manufacturing and ancillary services fintech in the untapped market segments. May 2016 - January 2017industry, value-added Services industry, theHalal Industry and the Health and Wellness Halal 164 peopleIndustry, were identified as high potential niche Malaysia is perceived as one ofareas for economic advancement. The study will the leaders in the global halal 82 organisationsrecognise and leverage on strengths, lags and marketplace, largely due to the propergaps, as well as opportunities in all sectors. halal ecosystem that is equipped 10 engagements (roundtable discussion, stategic with comprehensive and proactive policies andThe findings and recommendations of this study development frameworks. The Halal industry is a planning workshop, focus group meetings andwill be presented to the NSC in the first quarter significant contributor to the economy, accounting expert group meetings)of 2017. for 7.5% of the GDP. As of 2016, there are 1,401 Malaysian companies exporting RM205.1 billion worth of halal products. Nonetheless, other countries in the region including countries without a majority Muslim population are also seizing the opportunity in this market.

SustainableEnvironmentModernisation brings economic and technologicaladvancement in improving the standard of living. As humanityprogresses, environment pays the price of irreversibledamage such as depletion of natural resources, climatechange and extinction of species.Earth has a great capacity for regeneration, but people arecausing damage far more than earth can cope with. Pollutiondue to human activities impacting our planet occurs atdifferent levels. Therefore, people are responsible to protectthe planet from further degradation. This is possible throughsustainable consumption and production, and management ofnatural resources as well as urgent action on climate change. “ It is our moral obligation to bequeath to posterity and environment that is as pristine as we inherited from our ”forefathers YAB Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak 119

Local and Transboundary HazeA study was conducted to identify and establish -factsheeta specific position for ASM in relation tothe regional transboundary haze issue, • Transboundary haze was first reported in Southeast Asia in 1972 and has been one of the majoraddressing various stakeholders and the environmental issues plaguing Southeast Asia for more than three decades. Since 1982, the hazeaffected communities in Malaysia and the episodes have become more frequent from once in nine years to every year.region. The report aims to provide policy inputsand recommendations on the transboundary • H aze consists of sufficient smoke, dust, moisture, and vapour suspended in air to impair visibility.haze issue to the Government of Malaysia and Haze pollution can be said to be “transboundary” if its density and extent is so great at source thatits relevant authorities, particularly on the it remains at measurable levels after crossing into another country’s air space (ASEAN).following aspects: • Legal-Policy Framework; • T he partial combustion from peat fires produces more smoke and the particles released from these • Institutional Arrangements; fires takes longer time to settle, allowing it to float in the air and drifting with the wind crossing • Socio-Economics; and • S&T boundaries, and contributed 90% to the ASEAN transboundary haze (Heli, 2007).The three main issues identified in the studies Peat Area and Waste to Resources:are: Water Management Energy or MaterialsAir Quality and Peat fires are closely linked to episodes of haze. There are substantial amounts of biomassHaze Episodes Tropical peat deposits have a very high organic residue generated at various stages of land content and if improperly drained and left to clearing, planting, harvesting, and replantingThe impacts of haze on human health, the dry can catch fire easily, releasing particles into processes throughout the life of a plantation.economy, agriculture, the environment and the atmosphere. Ineffective communication These residues are often burnt in an attemptbiodiversity have not only affected countries and lack of knowledge and understanding of to get rid of them quickly, easily and cheaply.within the region but even beyond, thus peatlands are among the contributors of peat This study explores the possibility of utilisingchallenging international attempts to address fire. Other contributors include poor land the biomass residue produced either by landthese issues. Despite its perpetuity, haze is not preparation, insufficient agro-environmental clearing or on plantations to become highera natural event but is made up of atmospheric peatland management, ineffective policies, and value bio-products, with monetary returns topollutants that are mainly the result of socio-economic issues. the plantations and farmers.anthropogenic activities. El Niño cannot besaid to be the cause of haze, although El Niñoevent along with prevailing wind directions doesintensify the severity of a haze episode. 120

RecommendationsSlash, not to burn, but to earn Seeing through the haze R&D Areas• Government to invest in the development of • Enforcement agencies to enhance measures • S tudies on system, socio-economic and legal biomass-to-material or biomass-to-energy restricting open burning particularly during the implications of the proposed local contingency conversion facilities through private-public Southwest Monsoon period from the months of plans undertaken in order to formulate detailed equity partnership. June to early October. measures to control local sources of pollution.• C onducive investment environment, including • A local contingency plan to be developed and put • R &D in radioisotope tracing and modelling low interest rates, competitive or subsidised into operation during any severe haze episodes studies, on the high percentage of unidentified pricing of bio-products, procurement and well- (emergency of higher than 500 API) in order to sources of pollution should also be carried out. planned concession areas are required in order reduce local sources of pollution by the source to promote investment in the proposed facilities. apportionment method. • S tudies on health should focus on the toxicological properties of haze particles and• Encourage private sectors to lead the • F orecasts and alerts should be more efficiently systematically assess the health and social investments with the participation of disseminated by incorporating additional burden of diseases due to haze episodes. This government investment arms along with local forecast products to further enhance weather should cover epidemiological study on the communities made up of farmers, settlers, forecasting system. burden of diseases of air pollutants; toxicity smallholders, and adjacent plantation assessment of particulates from forest fires; companies. Communicating the sciences, for all and evaluation of the indoor school environment • A better communication policy could be during haze episodes.Manage peat, keep the fire away• Plantation companies developing peat areas or realised with effective coordination of research • All types of information and previous works on conducted by research institutions. tropical peats to be made available particularly agro-forestry land should carry out measures to the basics such as locations, areas and status of reduce fire risk. • P ublic engagements through social media, peatlands, supported by Geographic Information dialogues on critical issues, multi-stakeholder Systems (GIS) maps.• P lantations developed in the peat areas to activities and active public engagement with maintain a high water table by containing governmental agencies may influence the policy • F uture research on management strategies stream flows throughout the plantation process positively. could include; peat soil survey and mapping; irrigation systems. hydrological studies of the peat ecosystems; effective and innovative infrastructure design• Disturbed, abandoned, or underdeveloped peat on peat; identification of plant species that are areas should be id entified and promoted for well-adapted for waterlogged conditions; and investments and rehabilitation. development of high yielding crop varieties on peat.• D evelopment in peat areas including water management is carried out on an Independent Peat Basin (IPB) periphery. 121

Erosion and Sedimentation Way Forward • C ompetent regulators who are trained inSediment pollution is one of the major causes ofwaterway pollution in the world caused by soil erosion and sediment control are critical inerosion and deposition of the sedimentation in exercising autonomous enforcement.waterways. Its detrimental effect on waterwaysinclude destruction of ecology and fish life, • N ew requirements for Erosion andconveyance of toxic compounds (pesticides, Sedimentation Control Plan (ESCP) to beweed-killers etc.) attached to the sediments designed and implemented for every majorand the reduction of the waterway capacity to earthwork, in every sector concerned.carry storm runoff, leading to flooding. • Entrenched practices in the constructionThis study addresses the anthropogenic causes industry which are not sustainable from theof sediment pollution. With heavy rainfall, Erosion and Sedimentation Control (ESC)any related earthworks will result in erosion point of view will need to be eliminatedand sedimentation. The longer the land is left and proponents educated on the need tounprotected, the more sediment is eroded out. reform their practices. The same holds forAlmost all the primary sectors in the country’s maintenance practices especially those byeconomy are involved in extensive earthworks: local authorities.plantations, agriculture, housing development,infrastructure construction, mining and forestry. • A wareness on available Best Management Practices (BMP) and competency training is-factsheet necessary in addition to legislation to tackle the problem.• Erosion and sedimentation are one the main causes of flash floods in urban areas of the • P rofessionals Certification is a necessary tool to ensure competency. country. Around 29,000 sq. km of the total • R esearch is needed on curative measures land area are affected by flooding per annum to remove suspended sediments or colloidal (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, 2011). suspension, in streams and rivers.• The first formal document published in Malaysia specifically drawn to assist planners and developers in controlling erosion was the 1978 document Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Erosion and Siltation (Annex I), which was subsequently amended and reviewed in 1978, 1992 and 1996 (Department of Environment, 1996). 122

Sustainable Mining The Position Paper entitled Sustainable Mining: Case Study for Bauxite Mining in PahangMinerals could be a potential source of wealth proposes the following:creation for highly resourced nations, andmining is still the primary method of their • All bauxite mining activities must be regulatedextraction. Unless properly managed, mining under the State Mineral Enactment (SME).activities could become sources of degradation Loopholes such as mining bauxite under thefor societal and environmental well-being. The National Land Code on the pretext of soilSecond Mineral Policy (NMP2), introduced in transport activities must be addressed;2009 places strong emphasis on the need forenvironmental stewardship that will ensure • Clearance of the existing stockpile must bethe nation’s mineral resources are developed conducted based on best practices;in an environmentally sound, responsible andsustainable manner. • E ffective pollution, erosion and sediment control should be set up particularly at theBauxite mining in Kuantan, Pahang started in mining sites, stockpile yards, ports and fromearly 2013 with small-scale mining in Balok and port to barge;later expanded to Bukit Goh, Bukit Sagu andSungai Karang. The rapid expansion coupled • Proper environmental monitoring should bewith uncontrolled and unsustainable legal conducted on a regular basis encompassingand illegal mining activities has resulted in an water and air quality and noise levels;environmental disaster. • E nsure that lorries transporting bauxiteA Task Force was established by ASM to analyse are relatively clean by practising standardthe issues related to bauxite mining in Kuantan operating procedure (SOP) incorporatingand provide recommendations to remediate and wheeler washer at every mining site, stockpilemitigate the problems arising from the activity. and port in line with the Land Public TransportThis is to ensure minimal damage to the Commission (SPAD) guidelines;environment while balancing between societalwell-being and wealth creation. • Set up a centralised stockpile yard according to the specification approved by the Statef-actsheet Government with in-built environmental safe guards; • Malaysia’s bauxite exports to China rise from • Promote community awareness and 343,000 tonnes to 3.72 million tonnes from engagement by inviting local NGOs to assist in giving all stakeholders more exposure January to September 2015 (The Star, December regarding issues on bauxite mining; and 2015). • M ine Rehabilitation Plan should be thoroughly • Bauxite ore contains aluminium oxide (alumina) strategised to ensure successful rehabilitation which is the precursor to aluminium metal. Over is conducted once mining ceases in the area to ensure sustainability. 95% of the alumina manufactured globally is derived from bauxite using Bayer process (International Aluminium Institute, 2015).

Socio-Economic Impacts of El Niño in MalaysiaThe 1997/98 El Niño event (May 1997 – April -factsheet1998) in Malaysia has caused profound impactson the environmental, social and economic • Constraint on the availability of water resources resulted in the decreases of oil palm yield per hectare bysectors. This study evaluates the possible socio-economic impacts of a strong El Niño event with 16.8% and paddy yield per hectare by 11.3%.the hopes of strengthening the government’spreparedness in the event of another strong El • Decrease in hydropower by 23.8% from 1996 to 1997 has led to increased use of the diesel and Niño occurrence. gas-generated electricity, implying a higher emission of greenhouse gases. • E conomic losses in Malaysia associated with the transboundary haze episode during August-October 1997 amounted to RM 801.9 million (Shahwahid and Othman, 1999).Recommendations for coping with El Niño:• E mphasis on the development of national • Implement new technologies to strengthen the • E mphasis on collaboration since drought risk policies and response measures for drought alleviation of drought impacts whilst improve reduction, like any other natural or human- risk reduction, including drought disaster reliability and affordability. induced disaster risk reduction, cannot be management, based on the best available adequately implemented by the government scientific data and information. • Develop a framework with explicit focus and its agencies alone. Other stakeholders, on drought risk reduction to promote such as communities, academia, civil societies• Enhance human and institutional capacity to understanding of natural and human-induced and private sectors, are needed to play active cope with drought. drought, as well as the environmental, social roles. and economic factors and policies that are• Strengthen the national coordination vulnerable to drought. • E stablish a South-East Asia Network for mechanism for addressing drought, including Drought Risk Reduction (SEANDRR) to the possible establishment of a National • D evelop a national policy on drought to address facilitate sub-regional collaboration for Drought Committee. the various vulnerabilities of drought-related drought risk reduction. disasters, with a view to minimising drought• Prioritise on risk reduction over crisis impacts. management, preventive instead of reactive. 124

Managing theEssence of Life“Water and sanitation are at the very core The management of water sector in Malaysia both at the Federal and State levels has beenof sustainable development, critical to the fragmented and remained as an institutional norm since the country achieved independencesurvival of people and the planet. Goal six from the British rule in 1957. Even though there is enough water to meet the growing needs, wenot only addresses the issues relating to often face water scarcity. Without dramatically changing the way water is used, managed anddrinking water, sanitation and hygiene, shared, water stress in Malaysia will aggravate. The global water crisis is a governance issue,but also the quality and sustainability of much more than of a resource availability.water resources worldwide” ASM Water Committee was established in 2008 to address many issues and challenges in water UN SDG, 2015 sector in Malaysia. This committee identified key areas in order to provide strategies andWater sustains life. There is enough water for recommendations to the relevant ministrieseveryone but due to poor management and and agencies. These recommendationsinfrastructure, millions of people do not have were developed in consultation with relevantaccess to clean water. Holistic management institutions, community and private sectorof the water cycle is required to manage the stakeholders.water stress that affects people around theworld. 41 countries have been recorded tohave experienced water stress in 2011. Waterstress will hinder the sustainability of naturalresources, economic and social development. 22MARCH United Nations General Assembly 1993 officially designated March 22 as World Water Day coordinated by UN-Water in collaboration with governments and partners worldwide. 125

National Integrated Water Resources Management PlanWith the fragmented management of water Integrate Water Resources Management (IWRM) Summary Recommendationsresources in Malaysia, there is an urgent need “A process which promotes the coordinated The NIWRM Plan has put forward 25for concerted efforts to implement a nationwide development and management of water, land and recommendations summarised as below:Integrated Water Resources Management related resources, in order to maximise the resultant(IWRM) Plan. economic and social welfare in an equitable manner • T he transformation of the Malaysian water without compromising the sustainability of vital sector for a better future to be anchored byMalaysia first made the commitment to ecosystems” – Global Water Partnership the adoption and implementation of NIWRMimplement IWRM nationally at the Rio Plan. The Plan would provide the correctEarth Summit 1992. The IWRM concept was f-actsheet stimulus to ensure that the transformationsubsequently adopted by Malaysia through the of the sector advances in tandem with otherThird Outline Perspective Plan, 2001 – 2010 • Aside from the 10 completed reports by ASM, sectors of the economy identified earlier as(OPP3) and became an integral part of the 14 additional IWRM sub-themes were included NKEAs under the ETP.National Water Resources Policy launched in2012. However, after more than two decades, into the report in the form of Summary Briefs, • C omponent plans and programmes includedIWRM has yet to be institutionalised by water Reports and Expert Reviews to enhance its in this report be implemented concurrentlyrelated ministries, line agencies and state comprehensiveness. nationwide and led by the key ministriesadministrations nation-wide. identified in the plan according to their 126 entrusted responsibilities, be it under “waterA series of Integrated Water Resources resource management” or “water utilityManagement (IWRM)-related thematic provision”.studies were undertaken by designated TaskForces. The outcome of the completed studiesformed the central basis to the formulationof this National IWRM Plan (NIWRMP) aimedat bringing all water-related stakeholdersnationwide onto a common platform andmission, that is, to ensure the sustainablemanagement of the country’s water resources.Business as usual following past fragmentedlines must make way to IWRM in seekingintegrated solutions to the multiplicity of issuesand challenges faced by the water sector.Promoting participatory management andaddressing trans-boundary issues throughcontinuing dialogue are all important elementsof this paradigm shift towards “making watereverybody’s business”.

Enabling Environment Investments in Water Infrastructure factsheetComprises 10 recommendations addressing Comprises a central recommendation forpolicies, legislation, regulations and finance urgent investments in Water Infrastructure to Completed reports by ASM Water Committee are:among which are needed for an overarching cater for the national water sector needs and toIntegrated Natural Resources Policy; the spur the transformation of the water sector. -legislation of a contemporary National WaterResources Act be expedited; and the need for 15 major programmes with corresponding 2009funding arrangements and protocols especially 95 EPPs were identified broken down intopertaining to environment rehabilitation works. three sub-programmes, namely five Cross- Integrated Lake Basin Management cutting programmes involving 14 EPPs, five • Submitted to NRE in 2010 and MSAN 07 in 2012Institutional Framework programmes related to “Water as a Resource”Five recommendations under this category involving 48 EPPs, and five programmes related 2011focus on the review and strengthening of to “Water for Livelihood” involving 33 EPPs.governance through institution of oversight and Integrated Aquifer Systems Managementimplementation management structures at Plan Implementation Management Structure • Submitted to NRE in 2012national, state, river basin and local hierarchical It is recommended that the Plan be managedlevels, and including a call for greater intra- nationally at the highest political level by MSAN, ASM Mega Science Study: Water Sectorministerial integration. while at the state level by MSANg. Supporting • Submitted to Cabinet in 2012 management systems require NSC to overseeManagement Instruments the implementation assisted by National 2014There are five recommendations under this Technical Committee (NTC), meeting frequentlyheader stressing on the establishment of a to resolve technical issues and streamlining National Agenda for Integrated Water Researchcentral IWRM database built around river basin operational matters. • Submitted to NRE, MOSTI in 2015 and MSAN 10platforms; the use of economic, financial andtechnical instruments for greater water use A dedicated IWRM Implementation Unit in 2015efficiency and accountability and to curb abuse; (IWRM-IU) reporting to NSC that wouldimplementing a national agenda for integrated be responsible to ensure the timely and Climate Change and Waterwater research; mechanisms for promotion of coordinated implementation of the Plan to be • Submitted to NRE, MOSTI in 2015 and MSAN 10green growth; and the pooling of resources to established. It would also monitor on a regularestablish one-stop capacity building centres basis the implementation programme at all in 2015to improve skills and raise competency at all hierarchical levels.levels. 2015 Championing the National IWRM Agenda Honorable Ministers of NRE, KeTTHA, and MOA NKPA on Water are recommended to jointly assume this role and to champion the true spirit of IWRM. 2016 Water Demand Management • Submitted to EPU, NRE, KeTTHA, MOA in 2016 Water Supply and Wastewater Management • Submitted to KeTTHA in 2016 Integrated River Basin Management • Submitted to NRE in 2016 Water and Agriculture • Submitted to MOA in 2016 127

Climate Change:Adaptive Capacity Attributes of SelectedWater-related Policies in MalaysiaAdaptive capacity is the ability of a system to -factsheetadjust to climate change. It is fundamental insupporting the management of the country’s • The National Water Resourceswater resources when facing climatic adversity. Policy showed an adaptive capacityThe rising intensities of flood and water stressin the country due to the severe impacts of index of 0.77. It has the greatestclimate change calls for stronger policy andlegislation. ASM conducted a study on Climate level of adaptive capacity amongstChange: Adaptive Capacity Attributes of all policy documents evaluated inSelected Water-related Policies in Malaysia the study. However, improvementto assist the Government in formulating could be made through thesustainable laws and policies that would enable strengthening of economicadaptation to the changing climate. resources.The Sungai Selangor River Basin Management • T he other four policy documentsPlan for the Selangor River Basin, which have an adaptive capacity index ofprovides 60% of the domestic and industrialwater supply in Selangor and Klang Valley, 0.40 and lower. Majority of thesewas among the five key policy and planningdocuments used as case study and assessed documents exhibit weaknessesfor their effectiveness in facilitating adaptive in information and knowledge,capacity. The other four key policy and planning institutions and governance, humandocuments were the National Policy on Climate capital and economic resources.Change, National Water Resources Policy, TenthMalaysia Plan and Selangor State Structure 128Plan.Future work should consider the evaluationof the state of the enabling environment forIntegrated Water Resources Management(IWRM) which includes Integrated RiverBasin Management (IRBM). The frameworkrecommended in this study could be provenuseful when reviewing existing policies orduring the formulation of new policies. Thestudy provides recommendations to intensifythe level of adaptive capacity of waterinstitutions.

6 RecommendationsInformation and Knowledge Technology and Infrastructure ASM anticipates that the recommendations for• Collection and sharing of scientific and • Software development specifically for localised enhancing adaptive capacity will be useful to equip policymakers with insights to formulate technical data among stakeholders must be climate modelling may provide more reliable effective and inclusive policies designed to made available and accessible through an and accurate predictions compared to reduce exposure and vulnerability and strengthen integrated information management system. software developed internationally. preparedness for extreme climates.Institutions and Governance • T here is also a need to review the country’s• C ollaboration and cooperation between hydrological data using the latest data acquisition technologies. Federal and State Government is critical in raising the adaptive capacity. • P romotion of soft approaches and management solutions such as conserving• E ncouraging participatory management water catchment forests and ecosystems, by empowering the local community in identifying and reserving sources of water organisational decision making may also be an supply and catchment areas, and controlling effective strategy. polluting sources have positive influence on adapting to the stresses of climate change.Human Capital• T he capacity of water resource managers Institutional Adaptability • The Federal and State Institutions may include have to be enhanced to take cognizance of all types and sources of knowledge and scientific prioritisation of resources and usage of pursuits (science, social sciences and alternative source during extreme climates in humanities), including traditional and local their policies, enactment and guidelines. understanding as well as practices relevant to the sector at the basin level. • Institutions will also have to review their performances regularly to identify gaps andEconomic Resources make room for continuous improvement.• S upport from the Government for water • T he IWRM and IRBM approaches in planning, operators to explore alternative financing managing, protecting and rehabilitating options and models to improve business water resources should be enhanced as they sustainability will also be crucial in enabling facilitate successful adaptation responses the development of climate change resilient and provide guidance to decision makers in infrastructures. designing institutional arrangements and governance measures in preparing for and responding to climate change. 129

Agriculture Water Services 38 Proposed Institutionsfor Agribusiness Strategies 9) Form a dedicated department for Agriculture Water Services to implement the GovernanceMalaysia is on the verge of becoming a high- Governance system, develop and manage large-scaleincome developed nation. However, the nation 1) Form a dedicated Agriculture Water Services irrigation and drainage areas for all crops (food,still lacks affirmative policy and strategy for Governance Structure industrial and commodity crops), aquacultureagriculture water services in key national and livestockdevelopment policies and plans that could very 2) Develop and instal a comprehensivewell affect the food security of the nation. agriculture Water Accounting, Water Auditing 10) Establish a Centre of Excellence that and Feedback System carries out applied research for AgricultureOver the past 80 years since 1932, the role of Water Services, including training and capacityAgriculture Water Services (AWS) has been Policy programme for farmers and managersone of the success factors for the admirable 3) Incorporate Agriculture Water Services Policyachievements by the Malaysian agriculture in Agriculture Policy and key development plans 11) Establish Water User Group Dialoguesector. Poverty in rural areas has largely been Platform, Water User – Water Managerresolved with the National Food Self-Sufficiency 4) All Agriculture and Agriculture Water Integrated Dialogue Platform and extend this toLevel maintained at comfortable levels. Services development shall be based on the all areas with Agriculture Water Services and principals of IRBM approach establish formal linkages with MOA, State andThe study has identified an alarming decrease National Water Resources Councils, and otherin AWS human resource over the years and the 5) Designate focused production areas for all Ministrieslack of capacity building programme for various sub-sectors (non-paddy food crops, industrialwater user groups and water managers. As and commodity crops, aquaculture and Operations and Maintenancethe water demand by the agriculture sector livestock) 12) Develop operations and maintenanceincreases towards 2050 and the impacts of system based on service level delivery for end-climate change, there is a need to look into the 6) Develop and apply the WEF Nexus Approach users that include measurement indicators forsustainable management of water resources for for medium and long-term decision making in cost of service with a view of remuneration forthe agriculture sector. relation to Agriculture Water Services and water water services in the future resources needs for agriculture development-factsheet Data and Information 7) STI development for agriculture water 13) Integrate data and information collection• Agricultural water services human resource services to be focus towards National and sharing system with all other Water Sector capacity at the Federal level was reduced from ownership of the technology managers and end-users nearly 1,000 to just about 60 personnel based Laws, Rules and Regulations 8) Promulgate an Agriculture Water Services on the Irrigation and Agricultural Drainage Act Division (BPSP) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries. 130• T here is no affirmative policy and strategy for agricultural water services in the key national development policies and plans like the National Agro-Food Policy 2010-2020 and the National Water Resources Policy 2012.

STI 23) Develop Waste-to-Energy plants in Oil Palm, 32) Identify and encourage the development of14) Develop agriculture water accounting, water Rubber and Livestock industry Agriculture Water Services providers industryauditing and performance feedback tools and and new business opportunitiessystems 24) Develop Zero Discharge technologies for Oil Palm, Rubber and Livestock industries 33) Export Agriculture Water Services industry15) Develop agriculture water development and to cooperate with countries still in themanagement sustainability tools 25) Develop Water Recycling Plants in the development stages of large-scale irrigation Paddy Granaries and Rubber Industry and drainage system for paddy and other non-16) Develop advance software for agriculture paddy agriculture activitieswater services planning, design and 26) Develop surface water – groundwatermanagement tools conjunctive use of water technologies for Public Participation agriculture water management 34) Encourage the formation of Water User17) Develop and instal water quantity and Groups in Agriculture Water Services Areasquality measurement and control devices for all 27) Develop existing Granary irrigation and with formal linkages to Policymakers and Watersubsectors of agriculture drainage system network for multi-use to Managers service all sectors and ultimately plan for this18) Develop Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus as a regional and national water management 35) Planned handover of tertiary systemsassessment tools grid operations and management to Water User Groups19) Develop Water Footprint Tools for all 28) Develop planning and design criteria foragricultural sectors to support the WEF Nexus agriculture area to be part of the local, regional Capacity BuildingAssessment tools. and national integrated flood system 36) Develop comprehensive capacity building programme for agriculture water managers and20) Redesign existing and new Granary Financing agriculture water services providersIrrigation Systems and components to 29) Develop and implement Public-Privatestrengthen the gravity system and to Partnership financing models for Agricultural 37) Develop comprehensive capacity buildingincorporate climate change adaptation needs Water Infrastructure and Services programme for Water User Groups and Service Providers related or have impact on agriculture21) Develop planning and design criteria for 30) Develop cross-sector Financing Models as water managementnon-paddy crops, livestock and aquaculture part of the WEF Nexus management and multi-to increase yields, stabilise production, flood use of existing and new infrastructure International Participation and Collaborationresilience and sustainable development 38) Long-term membership and active Wealth Creation participation in internationally renowned22) Develop irrigation and drainage planning 31) Facilitate Water User Groups to increase organisationsand design criteria for large-scale agricultural non-farm income sources within and outside ofservices system for oil palm, rubber, fruits and the Agriculture Water Service Areasother food crops, industrial and commoditycrops, livestock and aquaculture. 131

Integrated Urban Water ManagementUrban Settling – Urban SettingCensus (2010) predicted that by 2050, 80%of the 42 million Malaysian populations willbe living in cities. Therefore, an effectivemanagement and strategic conservation plan iscrucial in dealing with the complex challengesahead and ensuring sustainable water supply inurban settling.Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM)study is looking into the dire ramifications onurban amenities and services due to rapidurbanisation. This study seeks to identify thecurrent status of urban water management inthe four conurbations as below:• Greater Kuala Lumpur• George Town• Kuantan• Iskandar Corridor and Johor Bahru 132

Science Outlook 2017The Science Outlook 2015 presented an evidence- Taking off from the previous edition, the Sciencebased independent review on key trends in STI in Outlook 2017 continues to scan the horizon andMalaysia. This report is a key achievement in ASM gather evidences on the national STI settingmilestone. Upon presentation at the first NSC through thorough evaluation and analysis. Thismeeting in January 2016, it was requested that study will retain the six strategic thrusts based onthe Science Outlook be published biennially to the NPSTI 2013 -2020.keep the momentum on identifying key trends andaddressing the gaps in the STI landscape. STI Governance STI Talent STI Enculturation This chapter aims to update the list The STEM Action Plan proposed Science enculturation is an effort of all national policies in Malaysia. in the 2015 outlook has been to bring the awareness of science It will also look into the STI policies undertaken by MOSTI, MOHE and and its derivatives out of the wallsand governance leadership at the State level. A MOE. The Action Plan has defined STEM as of formal education into the daily life of thecase study on the establishment and rational ‘Learning integrated disciplines of Science, society. Science literacy, scientific thinkingof the NSC will be carried out. The National Technology, Engineering and Mathematics and reasoning among Malaysians will be theScience Council chaired by YAB Prime Minister in the context of connecting educational indicators explored in this chapter. This chapteras the highest committee at the national level institutions, communities and industries to also aims to propose STI enculturation index.to govern STI in Malaysia is much needed produce STEM literate talent.to promote and implement the national STI S trategic Internationalagenda. In this edition, the match between supply and Alliance demand of STEM talent will be investigated. The R, D & C chapter will also look into the attractiveness Strategic international alliance is of the current STEM-based jobs in terms of its one of the most important pillars The national R,D&C investment and remuneration scheme and other benefits. in strengthening STI initiative. It will capture productivity landscape, research science diplomacy as one of Malaysia’s efforts prioritisation ecosystem and Energising Industries in addressing global issues and enhancingefficacy of commercialisation strategy will be existing international alliances. In order tothe three areas addressed under this chapter. As the country continues to develop determine where Malaysia is positioned inThis chapter seeks to provide an insight on at a rapid pace, this chapter, through the global S&T arena, the impact and outputpromoting greater collaboration, optimisation engagements with the business of international alliances will be assessedof resources allocation and commercialisation chambers, will look into the roles of SMEs in thoroughly.rate, and bridging the commercialisation valley positioning Malaysia as a technology providerof death for R&D to enable the nation to strive and towards realising the shift to Industry 4.0.towards an innovation-driven economy. 133

Cyber SecurityIn the World Economic Forum (WEF) Global One of the indicators for cyber threat is malware -factsheetRisks Report 2015, cyberattack ranked propagation and evolution. In 2015, Malaysiansamong the top 10 global risks in terms of experienced around 5,000 ransomware attacks The cyber security market is estimated to growlikelihood. These days, we are seeing large- or 14 attacks per day. In 2016, according toscale cyberattacks that could potentially Symantec Corporation, Malaysia ranks 47th from USD122.45 billion in 2016 to inflict severe damage to physical and digital globally, and 12th in the Asia Pacific and Japan USD202.36 billion by 2021 (MDEC).infrastructure. As such, cybersecurity is not region, in terms of ransomware attacks.merely an information technology issue but anational security matter. Therefore, there is In achieving a safer cyber space, careful design,an urgent need to protect our cyberspace and development and implementation need toinfrastructure. take place at every layer of any interconnected network devices, regardless how miniaturisedTask Force on Cyber Security was established or large scale the solution is. The strategywith the aim to propose strategies in dealing needs to come from the top which then relieswith cybersecurity issues that affect the heavily on the governance and enforcementnational infrastructure, business environment at national level to facilitate a concerted effortand well-being of citizens. This advisory report in creating and maintaining a healthy cyberwill address the challenges in legislative, ecosystem.regulatory and enforcement of cyber-basedcriminal cases. The report also addresses 15% Organised crime thefts by countrycybersecurity issues in a holistic manner wherecybersecurity landscape in Malaysia and global survey respondents: 35%outlook are taken into account. organised crime as 22% source of incidents 18% + 12% from the year 2014 Global State of Information Security Survey 2015 by PWC, CIO and CSO 134

Empowering theScientific Community+ASM empowers the scientific community through its STI programmeschannelled through four major platforms which are capacity-building,science consortium, gateway and consultative fora. These channels aretargeted to facilitate the elements of recognition, talent and alliance inthe STI landscape. 135

Human CapitalDevelopmentProfessional Developments Global Geopark Management - Malaysian National Commission for UNESCO “Natural Heritage Protection towards (MNCU), NRE, Langkawi Development Authority- Sustainable Development” (LADA) and Friends of Langkawi Geopark Geodiversity is the foundation of all ecosystems (FLAG) under MTCP. This course enhances theA progressive and innovative workforce can be and the basis of human interaction with the knowledge and skills of participants to identifyachieved through upgrading of knowledge and landscape. As an integral part of sustainable and promote the links between geologicalskillsets. Thus, a well-planned professional development, geopark management refers to the heritage and all other aspects of the geopark’sdevelopment programme is essential. ability of individuals and states to respond to the natural and cultural heritage. development and maintenance of geoparks withThe Malaysian Technical Cooperation strategies and policies for better management ofProgramme (MTCP) focuses on the geoparks.development of human resources throughtraining programme in various fields for civil Global Geopark Management 2016 themed The final analysis and observations from theprofessionals among developing countries. ASM “Natural Heritage Protection towards Sustainable workshop were presented to representativesconducted two programmes under MTCP. Development” focuses on experiences, from the Department of Mineral and Geoscience challenges, and best practices in steering the (JMG), Department of Chemistry Kedah, Kedah present and potential geoparks towards achieving Meteorological Department, FLAG, LADA and sustainable development goal. An inaugural MOSTI. workshop was organised by ASM, in collaboration with MOSTI, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), 136

I-n Brief Essentials in STI Policy and Management Understanding the dynamics of S&T within the • MTCP was established in 1978 at context of economic and market development the First Commonwealth Heads is critical in designing blueprints and strategic of Government Meeting (CHOGM) implementation framework in driving the for Asia Pacific Region and transformation of a country by design. S&T officially launch in 1980 at the is one of the strategic drivers that contribute Commonwealth Heads of State toward the shift from relatively lower end Meeting. economic activities into high value added activities. Therefore, STI Policy is an integral • Since its launching, more than part of national development policies. 25,000 participants from 140 countries have benefited. ASM in partnership with MOFA and UTM Perdana School organised the ASM-UTM • Focus areas are public Certified Professional in STI Policy and administration, good Management for OIC Countries (AUCPS) themed governance, health services, “Essentials in STI Policy and Management”. education, sustainable The four-day training programme exposes development, agriculture, participants to the basic principle in STI Policy poverty alleviation, investment and management, and develops capacity promotion, ICT and banking. for national STI Policy formulation and implementation. • Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark is Malaysia’s first Participants were certified as Professional established geopark located in STI Policy and Management by UTM in the north-western corner of Perdana School upon submission of individual Peninsular Malaysia. Consisting assignment within three months after the of 99 islands, Langkawi UNESCO training. With this certification, participants Global Geopark is also the first are qualified to train and lead on STI Policy geopark in South-east Asia formulation. under the banner of UNESCO’s Global Geoparks Network. -factsheet The park is managed using community led approach. 11 participants from 9 countries.f-actsheet 16-20 May, Kuala Lumpur19 participants from 12 countries 137 14-20 May, Langkawi

Young Scientists A Summer at the LHC Augmenting Research with Systems Analysis The CERN Summer Student Programme The IIASA Young Scientists Summer Program-Development (CSSP) offers undergraduate students eight (YSSP) is an annual three-month programme weeks of working with research teams at organised by the International Institute forASM recognises the importance of young CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. Students Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). IIASA YSSPscientists in portraying their potential in solving from the fields of physics, computing and offers a unique chance for Malaysian youngglobal issues, as well as to drive Malaysia to engineering are selected through a stringent scientists to conduct independent researchthe forefront of global STI competitiveness. selection exercise and nominated by ASM. under the direct supervision of experiencedMalaysian young scientists are given Participants will gain valuable experience IIASA scientists.opportunities to expand their potential to working in a multidisciplinary and multiculturalbecome high-calibre scientists capable of environment, while also extending their -factsheetinternational recognition and contributing network of international contacts.to global STI advancement, via ASM’s active 7 Malaysian young scientists have attended thepartnership with global STI institutions and -factsheetorganisations. These programmes take various program since 2011.forms, such as: 15 students have participated in the CERN Summer Rachel Hoo Poh Ying (UTM) was selected to attend• Study visits Student Programme since 2012. the IIASA Young Scientists Summer Program 2016• Organisational attachments under the Mitigation of Air Pollution and Greenhouse• Mentor-mentee engagements 278 students from 87 countries participated in Gases Programme (MAG). CERN Summer Student Programme 2016. -In Brief I-n Brief • IIASA is an international scientific institute that conducts policy‑oriented research 3 students were selected from 11 applicants which tackles global problems like climate change, water-energy-food nexus as well • Chin Yuk Ming (UMP) as poverty-equity that are too complex to be • Muhammad Amirullah Miswan (UKM) solved by a single country. • Muhammad Safwan Zaini (UPM) • Malaysia is represented by ASM as one of the National Member Organizations (NMO) of IIASA since 2011.Coaching Direction Training Goal 138

Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings IAMP Young Physician Leaders Programme Super Science Highschool (SSH) Student FairEvery year, selected young scientists from all As one of the member academies under Malaysian students participate in the Superover the world have the opportunity to meet IAMP, ASM gives the opportunity for young Science High School (SSH) Student Fair whichNobel Prize Winners from the fields of Physics, physicians to magnify their leadership skills by aims to foster the interest in STEM educationPhysiology & Medicine, and Chemistry. This participating in IAMP Young Physician Leaders among younger generation apart from exposinginter-generational dialogue offers an excellent Programme. The three-part programme them internationally.avenue to develop our young scientists by includes:providing them with an opportunity to interact This programme is a convergence of highwith Nobel Laureates and scientific peers from • A leadership development programme; school students from various countries toaround the world. Participants at the Lindau showcase their scientific knowledge throughNobel Laureate Meeting are chosen from • An academic visit to health research poster and oral presentation. It is premisedamong the best in academic institutions and laboratories in Germany; and upon building an international young scientistsfoundations. network for the future which will carry out • Participation as speakers and special guests collaborative R&D work to solve global f-actsheet in the events of the World Health Summit. problems and promote societal well-being. 5 Malaysian Young Scientists were selected -factsheet This year, ASM in partnership with JST supported the winners of STEM Apps Challenge • Dr Lim Kok Sing (UM) 7 Malaysian participants had attended the IAMP to participate in SSH. Malaysian participant • Dr Suhaila Sepeai (UKM) showcased mobile apps developed by them at • Dr Tan Sin Tee (UKM) Young Physician Leaders Programme since 2011. the fair. • Dr Yap Wing Fen (UPM) • Dr Farah Diana Muhammad (UPM) 24 selected participants from all over the world -factsheet-In Brief participated in the IAMP Young Physician Leaders SSH was participated by student from 9 countries. Programme on 6 October. • The 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 10-11 August, Kobe Convention Centre, Japan. 2016 (Dedicated to Physics) was held from 26 June to 1 July at Lindau, Germany. The I-n Brief Malaysian delegation was led by Professor Dato’ Dr Rosihan Mohamed Ali FASc. STEM Apps Challenge organised by ASM, MaGIC-X UTM and PERINTIS. • The meeting featured four days of plenary lectures, young scientist discussions, Winner - SM Islam Hidayah, Johor master classes and three panel discussions on “Glimpses Beyond the Standard Model”, “Is Quantum Technology the Future of the 21st Century?” and “The Future of Education in Sciences”. 139

EngagementNational In 2016, National Science Challenge (NSC) was The champions won the Prime Minister’s Challenge conducted with improved format, in three levels Trophy and a study visit to Stockholm, Sweden to-Science Challenge which were Preliminary Level; State Level; and witness the Nobel Prize Ceremony borne by ASM. Grand Final. The state level was conducted The runners-up had the opportunity for a week-Recognising the importance of strong STEM mostly in local universities where five teams long study visit to Japan sponsored by JST.skills among younger generation to be from each states competed in a science quiz.successful in the fast changing economy, ASM Winners of the state level competed at the f-actsheetin partnership with ExxonMobil Subsidiaries Grand Finals which was conducted as ain Malaysia organised the annual science 10-day Residential Science Camp programme. Out of 13,563 registered, 12,560 participated incompetition for secondary school students. In this level, students were required to carryThe competition aims at promoting the out experiments at universities’ lab as well as the Preliminary level.understanding, awareness and appreciation develop apps for online games as their project.of STEM among secondary school students Four teams were further shortlisted from NSC Grand Finalists are:nationwide. This programme was made among 16 teams to compete in the last round of • SMK Labuan (Winner)possible with the support from YSN-ASM, MOE, the Grand Final. • MRSM Langkawi (2nd Prize)MARA, JST, UKM, UPM, UTM and UiTM. • MRSM Tun Abdul Razak (3rd Prize) 140 • SMS Sultan Mahmud (4th Prize)

12, 560 students participated in the National Science Challenge Preliminary levelPerak Sabah Selangor Terengganu338 648 1,440 1,542Kedah Kelantan Melaka Negeri Sembilan1,359 561 630 771Perlis Pulau Pinang W.P Putrajaya W. P Labuan 231 1,143 138 78Johor Sarawak Pahang W.P Kuala Lumpur1,341 942 846 552 141

Mosti Social Innovation – InfographicsDUTA SAINS Programme 2016 Constituency Kedah, Terengganu, Melaka- & SabahSociety that maintains high level of 142understanding and literacy in STI will enableeffective diffusion, adaptation and use ofscientific knowledge in a country. ASM initiatedthe Duta Sains programme with the aim toempower community through STI. To carryout this initiative, ASM appoints selectedambassadors among the community called‘Duta Sains’. Duta Sains will work with theircommunities under the guidance of ASMexperts to fulfil the following objectives;• Improve science literacy and awareness among communities;• C reate a knowledgeable community that is equipped with skills and knowledge to create solutions to local problems; and• Increase interest amongst the younger generation to choose education and career in science. ASM implemented Duta Sains Programme at four constituencies namely Jerlun, Kedah; Setiu, Terengganu; Tangga Batu, Melaka; and Tuaran, Sabah.

- Commercialisation of local product at Coaching Students for Excellence Tangga Batu In addition, ASM also conducted tuition classesMajor outcomes of Duta Sains programme are; The Small Medium Enterprise (SMEs) has in science subject for form 4 and form 5 benefited greatly from this programme, students from schools around Putrajaya. ThisSinkhole problem at Jerlun especially from the aspect of product programme was conducted in collaborationA collaboration network was formed between developments and commercialisation of with PUSPANITA. On top of tuition classes,Muda Agricultural Development Authority local products. ASM has facilitated forming three intensive seminars were also conducted(MADA) and researchers from USM and UPM in a collaborative network between SMEs and to prepare students who will be sitting forfinding a solution to solve sinkhole problem in research institutions. In addition, product examination. It is hoped that participatingJerlun. The land which was under the purview with commercialisation value submitted students will be able to achieve good results inof MADA, was designated for agricultural for trademark application, logo creation, national examination.purposes. Through this collaboration, a e-business portal and product analysis to meetpreliminary report was completed. It is hoped Malaysian standard. f-actsheetthat the proposed solution will increasethe production of paddy in the area and In Brief Appointed Duta Sainssubsequently increase the income of thecommunity involved. - 8 teachers at Jerlun, KedahIBSE training workshop at Jerlun, Setiu and MOSTI Social Innovation Fund (MSI) is a 16 teachers at Setiu, TerengganuTuaran brainchild of MOSTI created by replacingThe IBSE training workshop has trained Community Innofund (CIF). Through MSI, 4 entrepreneurs at Tangga Batu, Melaka52 primary school teachers and two State MOSTI hopes to solve community issues byEducation Department officers. They are now improving societal well-being. This could 40 teachers at Tuaran, Sabahable to play a role as facilitator and encourage be done through collaborative efforts, skillstudents to observe and discover science in enhancement and innovation to enhancetheir environment. Teachers are more creative, existing ideas, product or services.versatile and innovative in teaching the subjectsto the student. Through this, it is hoped thatmore student will be interested in STEMeducation. ASM will continue to monitor andprovide mentoring to these teachers in 2017. 143

Inquiry Based Roadshow on Draft Code of -factsheet-Science Education (IBSE) 2.0 -Conduct on Biosecurity 2016 300 participantsIn 2012 and 2013, ASM conducted an IBSE pilot Biosecurity started as a concern among 7 speakers from different institutions and agenciesproject in four selected primary schools in Hulu agriculturalists and environmentalistsLangat. The aim of this pilot project was to look especially in reducing the risk of transmission 6 programmesat the feasibility of implementing IBSE and how of infectious diseases in crop and livestock.it could enhance the effectiveness of teaching It has now become a major concern among • STRIDE – 17 Februaryand learning of science in primary schools scientists, policymakers, security and law • USM Kubang Kerian – 21 Februaryand subsequently improve the performance of enforcement agencies. • UIAM Kuantan Campus – 11 Marchstudents in science. The findings of the project • USM Penang – 4 Aprilreport reveals that IBSE can be implemented in As Malaysia is promoting the biotechnology • QIUP – 6 Aprilprimary schools and shows positive impact on field, it is important for safety and security • UMS – 25 Aprilteachers and students. measures to be in place to protect against loss, theft, misuse, diversion and intentional releaseFollowing the success, ASM initiated IBSE 2.0 of pathogens and toxins. But, the measures(2016 – 2017) to provide continuous mentoring must not hinder the advancement of biologicaland monitoring to the trained teachers from research.the participating schools. For the year 2016,ASM has successfully conducted four weekend Therefore, under the International Frameworkworkshops and one Residential Workshop of the Biological and Toxin Weaponsinvolving 49 teachers which include five Convention, series of outreach programmescience teachers from Sekolah Sri Bestari, Sri were organised to increase the awareness onDamansara (private school). the implementation of the Code of Conduct (CoC) on Biosecurity. This CoC was developed by STRIDE, in consultation with practitioners and stakeholders in life sciences research from academia, industry, and government. CoC aims to promote transparency in biological and other life sciences research to minimise risk of misuse. It also provides guidelines for responsible conduct of research and enforces existing standards for ethical practices of accountability and communications. 144

Northern Region: Youth Southern Region: Southern Region: Nurturing-Development Programme -Frontier Science in Catalysis -Innovative StudentsMentoring students in conducting research UTM in collaboration with ASM Southern Region Science Innovation Challenge was organisedprojects is an effective way to nurture their Chapter organised the International Conference to inspire and encourage students to produceinterest in STEM as it provides experiential on Catalysis (iCAT) 2016, themed “Frontier, innovative products that will solve problemslearning and guidance from the experts. Challenges and Opportunities in Catalysis”. in daily life. This programme was initiatedNorthern Region Engineering Science and Nobel Laureate Akira Suzuki delivered the towards realising the Innovation Valley IskandarTechnology Youth Programme, formerly known keynote at ASM Plenary Session during the in Johor. Students’ innovative products wereas the Industry Youth Boot Camp, has expanded conference. The conference provided a platform evaluated by judges from IKM and UTM. Theits scope and format allowing students to work for academics, scientists, researchers and challenge rewards students with various levelson a research project for a period of six months. students to exchange ideas and knowledge on of prizes which include the ASM Special AwardThe programme is organised by USM with the the latest advancement in catalysis research. which was won by SMK Infant Jesus for theirsupport of ASM Northern Region Chapter and project on “Reduction of Plastic Waste Usingthe industries from the Northern region. In conjunction with the conference, Nobel New Fabricated Infinite Spoon”. Laureate Akira Suzuki delivered a lecture. HeDuring the first part of the programme, shared his 40 years’ experience and research -factsheetstudents worked independently on a given work on ‘Suzuki reaction’ that was developedresearch topic focusing on engineering. based on the carbon-carbon bond-formation • Organised by UTM, ASM Southern Region Chapter,Engineers from industries, university which is an important process in chemistry. Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Johor (JPN), Americanresearchers and members of YSN-ASM Chemical Society Malaysia (ACS), and Institutprovided guidance and mentorship to these -factsheet Kimia Malaysia (IKM)students especially on problem solving skillsand technical methodologies. At the end of iCAT • 22 September at UTM Johor Bahruthe programme, students presented their • Organised by UTM and ASM Southern Regionresearch project to a group of panel in which • P articipation of 96 teams, 40 teams shortlistedthe best project was selected as the winner. ChapterMRSM Taiping was announced as the winner for • 20 – 21 September at UTM Johor Bahru to the final leveltheir project entitled “Hands-free Bicycle TurnSignal”. • 7 speakers In Brief • 100 participantsf-actsheet - Nobel Laureate Lecture• Involved form 2 to form 4 students • O rganised by UTM and ASM Southern Region ASM Chapters were established with objectives to increase the visibility of ASM, attract the• 3 6 teams with 36 different mini STEM-based Chapter scientific community and professionals to • 22 September at UTM Johor Bahru collaborate with ASM as well as strengthening projects the networking among ASM members at the • 200 participants particular region. To date, ASM has established two chapters, Northern and Southern Region Chapter. 145

Awards& GrantsAwards and grants are important to motivate researchers in developing new ideas, discoveringnew knowledge and solving the problems of society through innovative and practical approach.ASM’s expertise is often sourced by various organisations to carry out selection process of theseawards and grants. ASM harnesses the expertise of its members in providing independentreview, evaluation and recommendation based on merit.-Mahathir Science Award -factsheetThis international award by the Mahathir Science Award 192 nominationsFoundation (MSAF) recognises remarkable research received from 30contributing to new knowledge in solving problems inthe tropics. The research must demonstrate evidence of countries (2005 – 2016)significant socio-economic impact as well as contributeto policy and governance leading to sustainable life 10 awardees to date, withquality improvement in the field of Tropical Agriculture,Tropical Architecture and Engineering, Tropical Medicine, total prize worthand Tropical Natural Resources. RM2,000,000 146

MAKNA Cancer Research Bioeconomy Innovation Awards-Award -The National Cancer Council (MAKNA) awardsthis grant to Malaysian young researchers with Bioeconomy Innovation Award (BIA) is anan excellent track record in cancer research. annual competition initiated in 2008. The awardThe award aims to promote cancer research recognises universities or research institutionsamong young scientists as well as to increase that have developed outstanding innovativeMalaysia’s contribution to improving treatment solution to technical, social and environmentalof various cancers. challenges in bio-based technologies.-factsheet The 2016 BIA was organised by Malaysian Bioeconomy Development Corporation SdnThe Recipients of the 2016 MAKNA Cancer Bhd in collaboration with ASM to matchResearch Award are as follows: participants with prospective business partners• Dr Asrul Akmal Shafie (USM) and investors. Focus was given to accelerate• Dr Oon Chern Ein (USM) commercialisation of novel technologies in the• Dr Teow Sin Yeang (Sunway University) following categories:The 2016 recipients received a total of i) Agriculture / Agro-based Industry ii) Bio-Industrial TechnologyRM89,800.00 worth of research grant iii) Healthcare and Wellness iv) Green and Renewable Technology488 applications were received from 2001 to f-actsheet2016 77 applications were received47 applicants have been awarded to date witha total worth of RM1,534,635 1 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze winner selected for each category 3 Special Awards: • Bioeconomy Innovation of the Year • Most Promising Innovation • Most Innovative Technology 147

Nomination for International 2016 Nikkei Asia Prize by Nikkei Inc Japan Dr Ranjeet Bhagwan Singh The award recognises outstanding-Awards achievements that contribute to the region’s -Medical Research Grant sustainable development and to the creationASM has nominated several outstanding of a better future for Asia. There are three The late Dr Ranjeet Bhagwan Singh wasMalaysian scientists in its capacity as categories: a prominent medical research scientistnominating institution for the following 1. Economic and Business Innovation who bequeathed his entire estate to theinternational awards: 2. Science, Technology and Environment Dr Ranjeet Bhagwan Singh Endowment 3. Culture and Community Fund. His funds were primarily established2016 Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Prize to promote the education of the poorby IDB Saudi Arabia 2016 Mustafa Prize Award and needy, irrespective of race, colourThe award promotes healthy competition by Al Seraj Technology Centre, Pardis and religion. He made many invaluableamong S&T education and research institutions Technology Park, Iran contributions to the field of medical andin IDB Member Countries towards achieving The award is granted to scientists who have scientific research and to the developmentexcellence. It also raises awareness of policy made tangible cutting-edge innovations on of diagnostic laboratories in Malaysia.among decision makers about the present and the boundaries of science and presented newpotential contribution of S&T to sustainable scientific methodology for the betterment of MOSTI is the custodian of the Dr Ranjeetdevelopment. The award categories are: human life. It aims to improve scientific network Bhagwan Singh (RBS) Medical Research1. Institutions that contribute outstanding scientific between academics and researchers in order Trust Fund. This trust fund promotes to facilitate the growth of science in the OIC medical and bio-medical research in or technological advancement to the development member states. There are four categories: Malaysia. ASM is entrusted by MOSTI to of a member country 1. Information and Communication S&T implement the following programmes 2. Life and Medical Science and Technology under this trust fund:2. Institutions that contribute to a given scientific 3. Nano Science and Nanotechnology discipline: Engineering; Agriculture; Medicine; 4. Top Scientific Achievement in other fields RBS Research Grant Biotechnology; Information Technology; Optronics; RBS Research Grant is an annual Material Sciences; Pharmaceutical; Industrial 2016 TWAS Prizes programme under the RBS Medical Microelectronics; Nanotechnology; and Alternative by the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Research Trust Fund to be awarded to one Energy Sources The award recognises scientist from developing young Malaysian scientist to undertake countries in recognition of their outstanding medical or biomedical research.3. Prominent scientific research institutions in IDB contribution to scientific knowledge in nine least developed member countries. fields of sciences and/or to the application of RBS Research Workshop Grant S&T to sustainable development. The nine fields RBS Research Workshop Grant is a2016 Science & Technology Award are agricultural sciences, biology, chemistry, biennial programme under the RBSby Malaysia Toray Science Foundation (MTSF) earth, astronomy & space sciences, engineering Medical Research Trust Fund. AThe award recognises Malaysian scientists who sciences, mathematics, medical sciences, workshop grant will be awarded to onehave made outstanding scientific discovery physics and social sciences. Malaysian scientist or institution toand successfully solved a major technological conduct a workshop to introduce newproblem with an economically viable solution 148 research techniques or enhance researchthrough an original, revolutionary and important technologies in medical or biomedicalinvention. fields.

-factsheet Flagship Programmes, -Project Monitoring Team Special Allocation forThe 2015 RBS Research Grant was awarded to Agencies and ScienceFund ASM is appointed by MOSTI as a ProjectDr Dharmani Devi Murugan from UM in 2016 for Monitoring Team (PMT) to monitor theher research entitled “Mechanism of actions of -through ASM Platform implementation of approved R&D projectsthe direct vasorelaxant actions of des-Aspartate- under the 9th and 10th MP since 2008. ASMangiotensin I (DAA-I), a potential antihypertensive MOSTI offers several R&D grants to Fellows serve as PMT panel members topeptide”. encourage the development of research and evaluate and advice on the progress of the commercialisation in Malaysia. These grants projects.The 2015 RBS Research Workshop Grant was support the development of strong basicawarded to Associate Professor Ir Dr Abdul Manaf knowledge in science apart from enhancement -factsheetHashim from UTM for his workshop entitled “RBS of applied research which contributes to theWorkshop on Biocompatible Nanomaterials and economic development of the country. Through 3 Flagship projects with 13 subprojectsNanodevices for Bio-Medical Applications”. ASM, Fellows can submit research proposal which are of national importance adopting 10 TechnoFund projectsThe 2016 RBS Research Grant was awarded to collaborative concept similar to that of aDr Yee Pinn Tsin from Sunway University for her consortium. 3 Community Innovation Fund projectsresearch entitled “Design of a live attenuatedvaccine (LAV) for the prevention of severe hand.foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused byEnterovirus 71 (EV-A71)”.f-actsheetDSTIN Flagship ProgrammeMoving up the Value Chain and EnvironmentallyFriendly Processes in Silicon PhotovoltaicTechnology: Non-toxic Processes, Wafering andCrystal GrowthSpecial Allocation for AgenciesDevelopment of Yeast System for FlavonoidProductionScienceFund ProjectTime Dependent Changes of Morphologyand Molecular Characterization around theIntracerebellar Haemorrhage (ICbH) Penumbra inC57B6/J Mice Brain Slices 149