Chithram Varakkunna Meghangal PDF

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä bn-em-bn. thiy-bpsS aI-\\m-Ip-tºmƒ BcmWv X¥ F∂ hnhcw Adn-bp-I-bn-√-t√m. AXmWv AΩ Xs‚ A—≥ Bcm-sW∂ hnhcw ]d-bm-ØXv F∂v aI≥ ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-®p. Fs‚ A—\\pw AΩbpw Ft∂mSv A∂v Bkv]{- Xnb- n¬ Dt]- £n®p t]mcm≥ ]d-™-Xns‚ ImcWw At∏m-gmWv F\\n°pw t_m[y-am-b-Xv. A∂v B sIm®ns\\ Dt]-£n®p t]m∂n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Bcpw Adn-bmsX F\\n°v Hcp \\√ hnhm-l-Po-hnXw \\bn®v C∂p \\o sIm≠p-\\-S-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse `¿Ømhpw Ip™p-ß-fp-ambn \\S-°m- am-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ ImWn-®Xv a≠-Ø-c-am-bn-t∏mbn F∂v ]n∂oSv ]e- h´w F\\n°p t_m[y-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Hcp Znhkw Ah≥ Ft∂mSv Ahs‚ A—≥ Bcm-sW∂v ]db- W- s- a∂p ]d™v Fs‚ IgpØ- n\\p sR°n∏- nS- n®- p. Rm≥ ssIhn- Sp-hn®p Ahs\\ ]qcwX√n. Rm≥ thiy-bpsS aI-\\m-Wv, Rm≥ thiy- bpsS aI-\\mWv F∂p-]-d™v Gß-e-Sn®p Ic-bp∂ ImgvN-bmWv Rm≥ ]n∂oSp I≠-Xv. Ah-t\\mSv Ah\\v A—-\\p-s≠∂ kXyw ]d- ™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. F∂m¬ BcmWv AXv F∂Xp ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øn- √. \\n\\°v A—≥ Pohn®- nc- n∏- p≠- v. \\o thiyb- psS aI\\- √ F∂v Rm≥ Dd-s°-bp-ds° ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. F\\n°v A—≥ Ds≠-∂Xp kXy-am-sW-¶n¬, A√ A—≥ Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂psh¶n¬ Ct∏mƒ Cu \\nanjw B kXyw Xt∂mSp ]db- W- s- a∂pw C\\ns- bmcp \\nanjwt]mepw Fs‚ A—≥ Bcms- W∂ kXyw Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-s√∂pw ]d™p \\ne-hn-fn-®p. AΩ AXp ]d™- ns- √¶- n¬ F\\n°- n\\n Pohn®- nc- nt- °≠ F∂p]- d- ™v \\ne- hn-fn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. \\o NmhpI- b- ms- W¶- n¬ t]mbn NmIv. X¬°mew Rm≥ AXp ]db- m≥ Xømd- √ F∂v s]s´∂v Fs‚ tIm]Ø- n\\v Adnb- msX Fs‚ hmbn¬ \\n∂pw hoWp-t]m-bn. ]n∂oSp Rm≥ ImWp-∂Xv Ah≥ Hcp Ib-dp-ambn Rß-fpsS ]d-ºns‚ Hcp aqe-bn-te°v HmSp-∂-Xm-bn-cp- ∂p. Ipd®p ka-b-am-bn´pw Hcp A\\-°hpw tIƒ°m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ F\\n°p kwi-bw. Rm≥ HmSn ]d-ºn-te°v sN√p-tºmƒ Ah≥ AhnsS Hcp ac-Øn¬ Ibdn IpSp-°p-sI´n Xqßp∂-XmWv I≠-Xv. Rm≥ \\m´p-Imsc hnfn-®-Iq´n Iqhn HmSn ac-Øns‚ Nph-´n¬ FØp- tºm-tg°v Ab¬h-°-°mcpw HmSn-°q-Sn. ac-Øn¬ \\n∂pw icocw Xmsg Cd-°p-tºm-tg°v Poh≥ t]mbn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. 101

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä t_m[-a‰p InS∂ Fs∂bpw aI-s\\bpw Ab¬hm-kn-Iƒ Bkv]-{Xn-bn¬ FØn-®p.. F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw G´≥ Icp-W-bp- ≈-h≥ Xs∂. kz¥w aI-\\mbn ]Xn-\\mev sIm√hpw hf¿Øn ]Tn- ∏n® aIs‚ th¿]mSv G´\\v Xmßm-hp-∂-Xnepw A∏p-d-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bkv]-{Xn-bn¬ \\n∂pw Fs∂ Fs‚ G´≥ t\\sc G´s‚ ho´n-te°v Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. Fs‚ F√m Imcy-ßfpw t\\m°n Fs∂ ]cn- ]m-en-®p. GSØn AΩbpw Fs‚ Hcp AΩ-bpsS ÿm\\-Øp-\\n∂v th≠ F√m ]cn-c-£bpw F\\n°p sNbvXp-X-∂p. ap≥]v G´ØnbΩ- bp-ambn Nne Ii-]n-i-sbms° D≠m-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw AsXm∂pw G´- Øn-bΩ Ft∂mSv FSp-Øn-√. G´s‚ aq∂v Ip™p-a-°sf Rm≥ s]m∂p-t]mse hf¿Øn. CXv G´s‚ hoSm-sW-¶nepw Rß-fpsS hoSm-Wv. Fs‚ BZysØ hoSv Ct∏mƒ as‰m-cmƒ°v hmS-Ibv°v sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Aßs\\ Hcp sNdnb hcp-am-\\hpw R߃ °p-≠v. F\\n°p {]mb-am-sb-¶nepw Ct∏mgpw Nne ]pcp-j-∑m¿ Nne tKm„n-I-sfms° ImWn®v Fs‚ ]pdsI \\S-°m-dp-≠v. Ah¿°-dnbmw Ah-cpsS sIWn-bn-sem∂pw hogp-∂-h-f√ Rms\\-∂v. th≠n-h-∂m¬ t]meo-kns\\ hnfn-°p-sa∂pw Ah¿°-dn-bmw. AXp-sIm≠v Aev]w AIew ]men-°m-dp-≠v. C∂v t]meokpw a‰p kwhn-[m-\\-ßfpw kv{XoIƒ°\\- pI- qe- a- ms- W∂v F√mh- ¿°pw Adnb- p∂- X- ps- Im≠v F√m- hcpw kq£n-®mWv s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xv. Rm≥ Cu XymK-ß-sf√mw tN®n°pw tN®n-bpsS G´\\pw th≠n kln-®n´pw tN®n-bpsS G´\\v Xr]vXn h∂n-√. a‰p ]pcp-j-∑m- cpsS IqsS Rm≥ CS-s]-Sm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥ ZpxJ-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p- sa∂pw Fs‚ ZpxJw tN´≥ aptJ\\ klm-bn®v am‰n-Ø-cm-sa∂ A`y¿∞-\\-bp-ambn h∂v Fs∂ {]tem-`n-∏n-°m≥ Hcp hn^-e-{iaw \\S-Øm-Xn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp A_-≤ta ]‰n-bn-´p-≈q. C\\n AXv XpS-cp-I- bn-s√∂v DØ-a-t_m[yw h∂-tXmsS G´s‚ ]cn-{i-ahpw Hcp ]mgv- th-e-bmbnt∏mhp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ihn-tX, Hcp Pohn-X-ta-bp-≈q. B PohX [cWn H∂p IS- ∂p-In-´-W-sa-¶n¬ \\mw Fs¥√mw IS-º-Iƒ IS-°-Ww. Ct∏mƒ CsX√msam∂v Fs‚ D‰-kp-lr-Øn-t\\mSv ]d-™-t∏mƒ Fs¥-∂n- √mØ Hcp at\\m-kpJw Rm≥ A\\p-`-hn-°p-I-bm-Wv. C°m-e-a-{Xbpw Hcmt- fmS- pt- ]mepw Fs‚ k¶S- ß- ƒ ]d™- n´- n√- . Btcms- S¶- nepw H∂p ]d-™n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F∂p ]e-t∏mgpw Rm≥ Nn¥n-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ 102

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Fs‚ a\\- ns\\mØ, hniz-kn-°m≥ ]‰nb Hcm-sf-t∏mepw C°mew hsc-bmbn F\\n°p In´n-bn-´n-√. \\Ωƒ Cßs\\ h¿Ø-am\\w ]d-™n-cp-∂m¬ aXntbm? \\ns‚ `¿Ømhpw Ip´n-Ifpw Fhn-sS-bmWv? Hcp Im∏n-t]mepw \\n\\°p X∂n- √-t√m Ihn-tX. Ihn-X-bpsS Ip´n-Ifpw imen-\\n-bpsS G´s‚ Ip´n-I-fp-ambn s]s´∂v Iq´p-Iq-Sn-°-gn-™p. Ah¿ GI-tZiw Htc {]mb-°m-cm-Wv. Ah¿ Ifn-bn-em-Wv. Ihn-X-bpsS `¿Øm-hn\\v G´s‚ Iq´w In´n-b-Xp- sIm≠v \\√ Xam-ibpw Nncn-bp-am-Wv. Ah¿ imen-\\n-bpsS G´s‚ IqsS Im∏nbpw ]e-lm-c-ßfpw Ign®v kt¥m-j-hm-∑m-cm-Wv. Fs‚ IY CXp-hsc \\o tI´-t√m. C\\n Ihn-tX, \\ns‚ PohnXw Fß-s\\-bmWv? F\\n°v \\ns‚ PohnXw Fß-s\\-bp≠v F∂-dn-b-Ww. GXm-bmepw Ft‚-Xp-t]m-se-b√ F∂p \\ns∂ I≠m¬Øs∂ Adn-bmw. IhnX Ah-fpsS IY-bpsS Npcpƒ hnS¿Øm≥ Bcw-`n-®p. `mcybpw `¿Øm-hp-ambn kt¥m-j-ambn Ign-bp-I-bm-sW∂p thW- sa-¶n¬ ]d-bmw. F∂m¬ kXyw adn-®m-Wv. hnhm-l-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Nne-sX√mw I≠n-√, tI´n√ F∂p \\Sn-°-Ww. F∂mte PohnXw ]®-]n-Sn-®p-sIm≠p \\S-°m≥ km[n-°q. Fs‚ `¿Ømhv apgp-°p-Sn-b- \\m-Wv. Iq´p-Imsc Iq´n Fs‚ ho´n¬ h∂mWv IpSnbpw Xo‰-bpw. ]e {]mhiyw R߃ D]-tZ-in®v C\\n IpSn-°n-s√∂v ]d-™n-´p-≈- Xm-Wv. ]t£ Hcp {]tbm-P-\\hpan√. IpSn®p ioe® Hcm-fpsS IpSn \\ndpØn t\\sc-bm-°p-hm≥ hfsc _p≤n-ap-´m-Wv. ]e [ym\\-tI-{μ-ß- fn-epw, IpSn-\\n¿Øn-Ø-cm-sa-t∂‰ Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnepw ]co-£n®p t\\m°n-b-Xm-Wv. Ipd®p Znhkw Ign-bp-tºmƒ BZy-tØ-Xn-t\\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ IpSn-bm-Wv. ]t£ H∂p-≠v. F{X IpSn-®mepw AsXm∂pw kmº-Øn-I-ÿn-Xnsb _m[n-°msX hcp-am\\w D≠m-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp- sIm≠v IpSpw_w ]´n-Wn-sbm∂pw IqSmsX \\√ \\ne-bn¬ t]mIp- ∂p-≠v. imen-\\o, F\\n°v \\nt∂mSp am{X-ambn Hcp clkyw ]d-bm- \\p-≠v. F{X IpSn-®mepw IpSn-®mepw IpSn-s®-t∂-bp-≈q. F∂m¬ a‰p kv{XoI-fp-am-bp≈ cl-ky-_-‘-ß-fmWv Fs∂ Xf¿Øn-°-f-bp-∂- Xv. Hcp `mcy°pw Xs‚ `¿Ømhv as‰mcp kv{Xobp-ambn CS-s]-Sp- ∂Xv kln-°m≥ Ign-bptam? ChnsS-bmWv Fs‚ tXm¬hn. Fs∂- s°m≠v Ign-bm-hp∂ hn[-sa√mw Abmƒ°p-th≠n sNbvXp-sIm-Sp- 103

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä °p∂- p≠- v. Abmƒ°v ]pXnb ]pXnb a[pc- ∏- X- nt- \\g- pI- mc- nI- sf thWw. AXn\\v Abmƒ ASn-a-bm-bn-t∏m-bn. AXv Hcmsf As√-¶n¬ as‰mcmsf FhnsS \\ns∂-¶nepw GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n- s®-Sp-°pw. AXn-\\p-th-≠n F{X ]Ww thW-sa-¶nepw apS-°pw. CXp am{X-amWv Fs‚ Zp¿hn-[n. Rm≥ ]e hn[-Ønepw FXn¿Øp-t\\m-°n-sb-¶nepw Hcp {]tbm-P-\\hpw e`n-®n-√. FXn¿°m≥ sN∂m¬ IpSp-X¬ Ipg-∏-Øn- te°- mWv hgpXn hoWps- Im≠- nc- p∂- X- v. hnhml- _- ‘w Xs∂ th¿s]- Sp-Øm≥hsc {ian-®p. h°o¬ t\\m´okv hsc sImSp-Øp-t\\m-°n-b- Xm-Wv. \\n\\°v Rm\\pa- m-bn´- p≈ hnhmlw ths≠-¶n¬ \\o s]mbvt°m F∂p Bt{Im-in-°pI am{X-am-bn-cp∂p ^ew. Fhn-sSbpw kv{XoIƒ°p Xs∂-bm-Wt√m tXm¬hn. aq∂p Ip™pa- °- f- pa- mbn Rm≥ Ftßm´p t]mIpw? Hcn°- epw Hcp kv{Xo°v AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ ]‰p∂ H∂√ Xs‚ `¿Ømhv as‰mcp kv{XobpsS IqsS t]mIp∂- X- v. Fs‚ `¿Ømh- ns‚ clk- y_- ‘w I≠p]- nS- n°- m≥ Rm≥ InW™p ]cn-{i-an-®-Xm-Wv. AXn\\v C∂p-hsc Ign-™n-´n-√. Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv Xm≥ Xs‚ `mcy-sb-b-√msX as‰mcp kv{Xosb sXm´n´pt]mep-an-s√-∂m-Wv. B ]d-bp-∂Xv hniz-kn-°pI F∂-√msX as‰¥p sNøm≥ Ignbpw Hcp `mcy-bmb F\\n-°v. Hcp-]t£ Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xp Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw kXyw. AXp ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn hniz- kn-°mw. a‰p-≈-h¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv kXy-hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂p Icp-XpIXs∂. ]pcp-j-∑m¿ Fhn-sS-sb√mw t]mIp-∂p, hcp-∂p. AsX√mw \\ap°v t]mbn I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bptam? \\ap°v BsI H∂p-≈Xv Hcp `¿Ømhv Pohn®- nc- n°- p∂- ph- t√m F∂ GI Bizmk- a- mW- v. ]ns∂ Hcp IW-°n\\v Nn¥n-°psºm Hcp a\\p-jy≥ IpSnbpw Ign-™p-h∂v Fs¥ms- °tbm Im´n°- q´n ae¿∂pI- nS- ∂- pd- ß- pw. Nnet- ∏mƒ tXm∂pw Abmƒ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw t]mbn h√Xpw sNøp-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ sNbvtXms´ F∂v. F\\n°v Cu a¬]n-SpØw Hgn-hm°n In´p-a-t√m- sb-∂v. CXp shdpw ]d-®n¬ am{X-amWp tIt´m. Hcn-°epw Hcp kv{Xo C„-s∏-Sp∂ H∂√ ]c-kv{Xo-_-‘w. IqSpX- ¬ Nn¥n°- ptºmƒ Hcp IW°- n\\v hnhmlw Ign°- mØ imen\\n Xs∂-bt√ `mKy-h-Xn-sb∂v F\\n°p tXm∂n-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wv. imen-\\o, \\ns‚ IY apgp-h\\pw Rm≥ tI´-t∏mƒ Fs‚ Pohn-X-hp- ambn X´n®- pt- \\m°- pt- ºmƒ imen\\- nb- pt- SXp Xs∂b- mWv IpSpX- ¬ \\√- sX∂p tXm∂n-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wv. F\\n°v henb hoSp-≠v. Bh-iy-Øn\\v 104

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä tXm´-ap-≠v, the-°m-cp-≠v, Imdp-≠v. kmº-Øn-I-ambn Db¿∂ \\ne- hmcw ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ H∂ns‚ Ipd-hp≠v; AXv a\\- - am-[m\\amWv. Fs¥√mw Ipd-hp-Iƒ \\n\\-°p-s≠-¶n-epw, Fs¥√mw hnj-a- X-I-fn¬°qSn IS-∂mWv \\o t]mb-sX-¶nepw imen\\o, \\n\\°v a\\- - am-[m-\\-ap-≠-t√m. AXpam{X-amWv F\\n°v C√msX t]mb-Xv. \\mw XΩn¬ c≠p-t]-cp-sSbpw PohnX ZpxJ-߃ ]¶p-sh-®-t∏mƒ Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Hcp a\\- -am-[m\\w \\ap°p c≠p-t]¿°pw D≠mb- Xmbn tXm∂p-∂n-t√. Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS Ifn-I-sf√mw Ah-km-\\n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. `¿Ømhv t]mIm≥ [rXn-Iq-´p-∂p. \\ap°p ]ncn-bmw. h√-t∏mgpw Cu hgn°v hcp-tºmƒ ho´n¬ Ib-dm≥ ad-°-cp-Xv. 105

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Zo\\m∏- nb- psS ]nXrXzw amXyp sh≈-a‰w \"\"kvt\\lnXm, \\nß-fpsS aIƒ K¿`n-Wn-bmWp tIt´m!'' kXy-Øn¬ H∂p sR´n! t^mWn¬°qSn ltem ]d-bp-∂-Xn\\p aptº-bp≈ Cu Ub-temKv tI´-t∏mƒ. \"\"F¥m kplr-tØ, Xebv°p h´mtbm?'' \"\"Hcp h´p-an-√. \\ΩpsS Zo\\m-∏n-bpsS Imcy-amWp Rm≥ ]d-™- Xv. Ah-cn∂v tUmŒsd I≠-t∏m-gmWv I¨t^w Bb-Xv. Xm¶-sf- Øs∂ CXmZyw hnfn-®-dn-bn-°-W-sa∂p tXm∂n-b-Xp-sIm≠p hnfn-®- Xm-Wv. Ft∂ inYn-e-am-tI-≠n-bn-cp∂ IpSpw-_-amWv \\n߃ c£n-®- Xv. A∂v \\n߃ Nq≠nb hgntb Rm≥ k©-cn-®p. AXp hf¿∂p ]¥-en®v ]qhn´v Imbv®n-cn-°p-∂p. \\μn, \\μn kvt\\lnXm!!'' \"\"AXn-\\n∏w Rms\\¥p sNbvXp F∂mWv \\n߃ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. joem-Ω-tbm-SmWv \\n߃ \\μn ]d-tb-≠-Xv. \\nß-fpsS ]nSn-hm-inbpw I¿°i \\ne-]mSpw F√mw kln®v \\nßsf klm-bn-®-Xn-\\v, kln-®- Xn-\\v..'' \"\"AX√ kvt\\lnXm! \\nßf- ∂p ]d™ B Ubt- emKv Rßsf c≠p-t]-scbpw CcpØn Nn¥n-∏n-®p. ]ns∂ \\nß-fpsS H‰-aq-en-bpw.'' \"\"GXp Ub-temKv?! Rm\\-sXm∂pw Hm¿°p-∂n-√.'' \"\"l, \\nß-f∂p ]d-™n-t√, \\n߃°p ]ncn-b-tW¬ ]ncn-bmw. AXpI- g- n™v thsd Bscs- b¶- nepw sI´pI- bpw sNømw. ]t£ \\nß- fpsS Cu c≠p Ip´n-I-fpsS Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®p-t\\m-°v. kz¥- a-√mØ A∏-s‚bpw AΩ-bp-sSbpw IqsS hf-cp-I, Ahsc A∏-\\-Ω- am-sc∂p hnfn-°pI!! I„-amWp tIt´m. icn°pw Nn¥n-®n´v Xocp-am- \\-sa-Sp-t°≠ Imcy-amWv F∂v.'' \"\"Ct∏mgpw Rm\\-Xn¬Øs∂ Dd-®p-\\n¬°p-∂p. AX\\p-`-hn-®- 106

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä dn-bm≥ km[n-®-h-\\mWv Rm≥. A\\p-`-h-߃ km£n.'' \"\"AsX. A∂v \\nß-sf-s°m-≠Xv ]d-bn-®Xv ssZh-am-Wv. AXp- sIm-≠mWv A∂p R߃ ]ncn-bm-ØXpw R߃°v anSp-°-cmb aq∂p a°sf In´n-b-Xpw.'' \"\"AsX√mw shdpw tXm∂-emhpw'' \"\"A√, A√. tXm∂-e-√. ssZh-\\n-›-b-am-Wv. H∂c h¿jw AI∂p Pohn-t°≠n h∂-t∏mƒ ssZh-tØmSv ap´n-∏mbn {]m¿∞n- °p-am-bn-cp-∂p, Rßsf ]ncn-°s√ F∂v. ssZhw AXp tI´p.'' \"\"CS-°m-eØv \\n߃s°s‚ kulrZw th≠ F∂p tXm∂n- bn-cp-∂p. A∂p apX¬ \\n߃°v ]X-\\hpw XpS-ßn.'' \"\"AXn-eev]w Imcyw C√m-Xn-√. AsX√mw ]gb IY-Iƒ.'' ]Ønc- p]- Ø- ns- b´p h¿jß- ƒ ]n∂nt- ebv°p Xncn™p t\\m°p- tºmƒ kmwkvIm-cnI kmlnXy kwL-S-\\-I-fn-se√mw hotdmsS {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-h¿. bp‡n-lo-\\-ambn F¥p-I-≠mepw tNmZyw sNøm≥ tPmbn-®≥ Hcp aSnbpw ImWn-®n-cp-∂n-√. am‰n \\n¿Øm≥ t\\m°n-bm¬ \\pg-™p-I-b-dn-bn-cn-°pw. Xm≥ ]nSn-°p-∂nSw Pbnt® ]‰q. Xs‚ A∏\\v \\qdp apJ-߃ Ds≠-∂mWv Abm-fpsS aqØ-a- Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Hcp X\\n ]mem-°m-c≥ \\{km-Wn. AXym-h-iy-am-bn-s´m∂p ImW-W-sa∂p ]d™v hnfn-®-t∏mƒ h√ ]W-Ønt\\m at‰m Bbn-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv Icp-Xn-b-Xv. hmXn¬ Xpd∂v AIØp Ib-dn-b-t∏mƒ apJw æm\\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aev]-k-a-b- Øn\\p tijw Hcp ISpw-Im∏n thW-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-™p. Im∏n IpSn-°p-∂-Xn-\\n-S-bn¬ Aev]w au\\w. ]ns∂ Hcp tX߬. \"\"F\\n°v joem-Ωsb HØncn HØncn C„-am-Wv kvt\\ln-Xm, Ahsf F\\n°v Dt]-£n-°m≥ ]‰n-√. F¥p hne-sIm-SpØpw Ah- fpsS a\\ p am‰ntb ]‰q.'' \"\"F¥p-]‰n kplrtØ? Imcyw F¥m-sW∂p sXfn®p ]d.'' \"\"joem-Ωbv°v Fs‚ IqsS-bp≈ s]mdpXn aSpØp F∂v. CXn- \\Iw Ipsd Bƒ°m-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-∏n-®p. H∂n\\pw ASp-°p-∂n-√.'' \"\"At∏mƒ∏ns∂ F\\n-s°¥p sNøm≥ Ignbpw? CXp \\n߃ `mcym-`¿Øm-°-∑m-cpsS kzImcy Imcyw At√?'' \"\"AX-√... Xm¶ƒ ]d-™m¬ Ahƒ tIƒ°pw.'' kplrØv hnSp∂ e£-W-an-√t√m F∂p hnNm-cn®v Imcy-߃ Xnc-°n. {][m-\\-ambpw a‰p s]Æp-߃ \\S-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Ch¿°v sNe-hn-Sm≥ kmº-ØnI sRcp-°w. hen-sbmcp hoSns‚ tam¿´p-tK- 107

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Pv, SmIvkv, Ip´n-I-fpsS ]Tn∏v XpS-ßnb sNehv Ign™v Nn√d e£z- dn-bpsS A`m-hw. AXn\\v Cu ]nip-°≥ tPmbn-®≥ ISn-™m-Wn-Sp- ∂p. R߃ sXmÆq‰- nb- ©v tamU¬ Cw]meImdn¬ Ahc- psS ho´n- se-Øn. Dd-°-®-S-thmsS joemΩ IXIp Xpd-∂p. \"\"tkmdn, Dd-°-Øn¬ \\n∂v DW¿Øntbm?'' \"\"C√. Rm≥ DW¿∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Ip´n-Isf ]n°v sNø-≠m-tbm.'' \"\"Ft∏m-gmWv Ahsc sIm≠p-h-cm≥ t]mtI-≠Xv?'' \"\"C∂p Xma-knt® Cd-ß-sØm-≈q. ]sø sN∂m¬ aXn.'' \"\"C∂v ss\\‰v Uyq´n Dt≠m?'' \"\"C√. c≠p Znh-k-tØ°v Hm^v BWv.'' \"\"F∂m¬ \\ap-s°m∂v shfn-bn¬ t]mbmtem?'' \"\"FhnsS t]mIm-\\mWv?'' \"\"GsX-¶nepw amfnse IS-I-fn¬ tIdn-bn-d-ßmw.'' \"\"Bbn-t°m-s´. Rms\\m∂pw {U v sNbvXp-h-cmw. Ip´n-Iƒ FØp-∂-Xn\\p apºv Xncn®p hc-Ww.'' t^m¨ sNbvXv Ab-esØ _‘p-hn-t\\mSv Ip´n-Isf ]n°v sNøm≥ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. R߃ bm{X-bm-bn. Cw]me Im¿ \\oßn- b-t∏mƒ Ipi-e-{]-iv\\-߃ ho´p-Im-cy-ß-fn-te°p amdn. \"\"tPmkp-Ip´n h∂XpsIm≠v Cs∂m∂p shfn-bn¬ NmSm≥ ]‰n. Cu a\\p-jy≥ Hcn-SØpw sIm≠p-t]m-In-√. shfn-bn¬ \\n∂v Hcm-lmcw Ign-bv°-Øn-√. Hcp \\√ hkv{Xw [cn-°m≥ kΩ-Xn-°-Øn-√. ]≠v henb Hmbn¬ Iº-\\n-bn¬ tPmen sNbvXp ]W-ap-≠m°n henb hoSp hmßn®p F∂p ]d-™v, C-t∏mƒ Hcp ]Wn°pw t]mIp-∂n-√. Rm≥ thWw tam¿´vtK-Ppw, SmIvkpw, Id‚ v _n√pw, sh≈-Øns‚ _n√pw F√mw AS-bv°m≥. F\\n°pw Xp—-amb hcp-am-\\ta In´p-∂p- ≈q.'' \"\"AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂-bmWv shfn-bn¬ t]mbn Ign-°m-ØXpw BUw-_cw Im´m-ØXpw'' tPmbn-®≥ hmNm-e-\\m-bn. Hcp Xpºp In´n-b-Xp-t]mse Abmƒ IØn-°-b-dn. \"\"X¶-°pSw t]mse c≠p ]nt≈¿ \\ap-°n-t√. Ahsc s]m∂p- t]mse t\\m°p∂- n-t√. aZy]- m\\- a- n√- , henb- n√- . In´p∂- X- ps- Im≠v Pohn- °-W-sat∂ F\\n-°p-≈q.'' \"\"F\\n°p aSp-Øp. a‰p-≈-h-sc-t∏mse F\\n°pw A¥- mbn 108

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Pohn-°-Ww. AXn-\\n\\n Hcp ]ncn-b-em-sW-¶nepw F\\n°p kΩ-X-am- Wv. cmhnse I´≥Im∏n am{Xw aXn. AXpw Ccn-∏n-SØp In´-Ww. AXmWv Chn-SpsØ \\nb-aw. h√-t∏m-sg-¶nepw Hcp kn\\n-abv°p t]mIm-t\\m, ImWmt\\m kΩ-Xn-°n-√.'' joem-Ωbpw hnSm-\\p≈ `mh- an-√. \"\"\\nßs- fms° F¥p `mKyh- m∑- mc- mW- v. tPmkpI- p´n Chns- Sh- ∂v ]Tn®v \\√ \\ne-bn-semcp tPmen Hs°m-bp-≠v. Cbmƒ°v AsXm∂pw Ignb- n√- . Atac- n°- b- ne- ms- W∂p ]d™- ns- ´¥- m, Ct∏mgpw X\\n ]mem- °m-c-\\m-bn´v Imen-t∑¬ Imepw-tI‰n Ccn-°p-∂-X-√msX ]mIw sNbvXp-sh-®n-cn-°p∂ Blm-cw-t]mepw hnfºn Xn∂n-√.'' \"\"AXp Nne-t∏mƒ joem-Ω-bpsS ssIsIm-≠p-Xs∂ F∂pw hnfºn°n´m-\\p≈ {]nb-X-a-tbm-Sp≈ {]nbw sIm≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Ct√ kplr-tØ..'' \"\"Aßs\\ ]d. Aßs\\ ]d. F\\n-°n-t∏mgpw Ch-cpsS ssIsIm≠p hnfºn Ign-°p-∂-XmWp {]nbw.'' \"\"AtX kplr-tØ, h√-t∏m-sg-¶nepw `mcysb H∂p klm-bn- s®-t∂m¿Øv Ipg-∏-sam∂pw C√. Ah¿°pw aSp-∏n-t√. Rß-sfms° hSt° C¥y-bn¬ tPmen-sNbvXp Pohn-®-Xp-sIm≠v Cß-s\\-bp≈ Imcy-ß-sfm∂pw Hcp {]iv\\-a-√. Aev]w Ip°nwKpw a‰pw Xs∂ sNøm≥ Hcp hnj-ahpw C√. ]ns∂ joemΩ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]ncn-b¬ sIms≠m∂pw {]iv\\-߃ Xoc-W-sa-∂n-√. ]c-kv]cw £an®pw Ipsd-sbms° \\n m- c-ambn I≠pw AUvPÃv sNbvXp t]mhp-Ib- mW- v DØa- w. ]e-cp-sSbpw D]-tZ-i-߃ tI´ \\nßsf D]-tZ-in-°m≥ Rm≥ Bf-√. F¶nepw \\n mc Imcy-߃°v \\nß-fn-ßs\\ hg-°-Sn-®m¬ AXp \\nß-fpsS Ip´n-I-fpsS `mhnsb _m[n°pw tIt´m. \\√ anSp-°-cmb c≠p Ip´n- Iƒ At√ Ah¿. Ahsc Hm¿sØ-¶nepw \\n߃ ]ncn™p t]mI-cp- Xv. kz¥w Ip™p-ßsf as‰mcp A∏\\pw AΩbpw hf¿Øp∂ Ahÿsb∏‰n F\\n°p icn°pw Adn-bmw.'' A\\p-\\-b-ß-sfm∂pw joem-Ωsb XWp-∏n-®n-√. Ah¿ tZjy- Øn¬ Xs∂. \"\"Fs∂ ho´n¬ H∂n-d°n Xt∂-°v. Hcp \\qdp-Iq´w ]Wn-bp-≠v.'' \"\"GXm-tbepw Cd-ßn-b-X-t√. Hcp tIm^n-sb-¶nepw Ign-®n´p t]mImw.'' \"\"th≠. Cu a\\p-jys‚ Iq´-Øn¬ C\\n Hcp It®-cn°pw C√.'' 109

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä joemΩ h≠n-bn¬ \\n∂v Cd-ßm≥ `mhn-®p. \"\"kplr-sØ, h≠n \\n¿Øv'' joemΩ tZjy-tØmsS Imdn¬ \\n∂n-dßn \\S-∂p. \"\"joem-tΩ, h≠n-bn¬ Ib-dv.. ho´n¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn hnSmw.'' \"\"th≠ Rm≥ \\S∂p s]mbvs°m-≈mw.'' F{X {ian-®n´pw Ah¿ h≠n-bn¬ Ib-dn-bn-√. \"\"C\\n F∂m¬ \\ap°p t]mbn Im∏n IpSn-°mw.'' kvt\\ln-X\\pw hmin-bm-bn. \"\"C{X [n°mcw s]Æp-ß-f-√, B¿°pw ]mSn-√.'' t\\sc aIvsUm-WmƒUvknte°v h≠n \\oßn. tIm^nbpw _n°v-am°pw Hm¿U¿ sNbvXp. \"\"C\\n F¥mWv ASpØ ]cn-]mSn?'' \"\"F¥pw sNøm≥ Rm≥ Xøm¿. joem-Ωsb F\\n°p thWw.'' \"\"Rms\\mcp Imcyw ]d-b-s´? sX‰m-sW-¶n¬ £an-°-Ww. \\n߃ joem-Ω-tbmSv ASpØp IqS-Ww. thW-sa-¶n¬ £a tNmZn- °pI- bpw Imep]- nS- n°- pI- bpw Hs° sNøW- w. F∂n´v Ahsc K¿`nWn B°-Ww. At∏mƒ∏ns∂ Iptd \\mf-tØ-s°-¶nepw Cu ]ncn-b¬ Nn¥ Xe-bn¬ \\n∂pw amdn-°n-´p-a-t√m. K¿`n-Wnsb sI´m≥ km[m- cW KXn-bn¬ Bcpw hcm-dn-√-t√m. CsXs‚ s]m´-_p-≤n-bn¬ tXm∂nb Hcp sNdnb Imcy-am-Wv. thW-sa-¶n¬ {ian-®p-t\\m-°mw. AXn\\p ap≥]v \\nß-fpsS Cu thj-hn-[m-\\-ß-sfms° am‰n H∂p Ip´-∏-\\m-I-Ww.'' c≠p amkw Ign-™-t∏mƒ tPmbn-®≥ hnfn-®p. \"\"Xm¶ƒ ]d™]Wn Rm≥ ]‰n-®p. joemΩ i¿±n®p XpS-ßn.'' \"\"C\\n \\n߃ Hcp \\√ tPmen I≠p-]n-Sn-°-Ww.'' \"\"{ian-°p-∂p-≠v. an°-hmdpw H∂p icn-bm-Ipw.'' ]W-an-√m-Ø-h≥ ]nW-am-sW∂v Im¿t∂m-∑m¿ ]d™p tI´n- ´p-≠v. kmbn-∏ns‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ \"t\\m aWn, t\\m lWn, am≥!' Ipsd \\mfp-Iƒ°p tij-am-W-dn-bp-∂Xv tPmbn-®≥ as‰mcp tÉn¬ tPmen-In´n t]msb-∂v. AXn-\\n-S-bn¬ Nn√d am‰-߃ F√m kplr-Øp-°-fnepw kw`-hn-®p. ]Øn-cp-]Xv amk-tØ°v A\\y-\\m-´n¬ tPmen-sN-bvX-t∏mƒ AXym-hiyw ]Ww Iøn¬ h∂p. AXpw Hcp ]pXnb Imdp-ambn Xncn- ®p-h∂ tPmbn-®≥ kn‰n-bpsS tSmƒπm-km-bn¬ tPmen°p Ib-dn. kplr-Øp-°sf A[nIw ASp-∏n-°msXbmbn. IpSpw_w sa®-s∏-´p. 110

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä `mcy joemΩ k¥p-„-bm-bn, kvt\\l-am-bn. a°ƒ aq∂p-t]cpw \\√ \\ne-bn-em-bn. tPmbn-®≥ ho≠pw kmlnXy kwL-S-\\-bn¬ hcm≥ XpS-ßn. PohnXw kt¥m-j-I-c-am-bn. Ime-Øn\\p ambv°m\\mhmØ GXp Imcy-am-Wp-≈-Xv. kw`-hman bptK bptK. 111

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä cm{Xnb- nse aq∂pa- Wn amXyp sh≈-a‰w C∂p kt¥mj- I- c- a- mb Hcp Znhk- a- mb- nc- p∂- p. ]m∏s‚ s]ß- ∑mcpw Afn-b-∑mcpw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \\n∂pw P¿Ω-\\n-bn¬ \\n∂pw F√mw FØn-b-Xns‚ BtLm-jw. Ah-cn-∂se πm≥sNbvX ]≤- Xn-bm-Wv. C∂v ]m∏s‚ ho´n¬ IqSm-sa-∂v. Rm≥ ]Xn-hp-t]mse cmhnse ]Xn-s\\m∂p aWn Bb-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS ho´n¬ FØn. Cu ]m∏≥ Bcm-sW∂v \\nß-fn-t∏mƒ tNmZn-®m¬, \\ns‚ AtΩsS \\mb-cmWv F∂p-]-d-™m¬ sX‰n. Fs‚ AtΩsS A\\p-P- Øn-bpsS \\mb-cm-Wv. \\ΩpsS a[p-t®-´s‚, AtXt∂ an\\o, a[p-t®- ´s‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ Hms\\mcp kw`-h-am-Wv. Rm≥ _ p ]nSn®v Ah-cpsS ho´n¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ kJmhv Nqep-sa-SpØv tdmUv ASn-®p-hm-cp-I-bm-Wv. CXp ]p≈n-bpsS ÿncw ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \\n∂v \\m´n¬ h∂m¬ ChnsS F√mw ASn®p hmcpI- . Ahns- Ss- bms° Aßs- \\b- mW- s- {X. Ah\\- h- ≥ D≠m- °p∂ amen-\\y-߃ Ah-\\-h≥Xs∂ ¢o≥ B°-W-sa-∂mWv Km‘nPn ]Tn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂mWv ]m∏s‚ Hcp coXn. Fs∂ I≠t- ∏mt- g°pw Hcp kt¥mj- s- ams° apJØp sXfn- s™¶- nepw AXp ImWn°- msX ]d™- p, C∂v Af- nb- ®- mt- cmSv Un∂¿ Ign-°m≥ hcm≥ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. th≠Xv Fs¥-∂m¬ sNø-Ww. ]nt≈¿°v dpamen sdm´n C„-am-Wv. AXpw Nn°≥ Idn-bpw Hm¿U¿ sNø-Ww. ]ns∂ CØncn kmeUpw aXn. Atß¿ Cu¿°nen Nqep- ≠m-°epw ASn-®p-hm-cepw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Rm≥ sIm®-Ω-bp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p. Ah-cn-sX√mw Hm¿U¿ sNbvXp-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. CXn-\\n-S-bn¬ πw_nw-Kn\\v Ft¥m {]iv\\-ap-≈-Xn-\\m¬ sa°m- 112

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä \\n°v FØn. AXns‚ Imcy-߃ F√mw ]d™v ]Wn F{Xbpw thKw Xo¿°m-\\p≈ G¿∏m-Sm-°n. IS-bn¬ t]mbn km[-\\-߃ hmßn-h-∂p. kme-Up-≠m-°m- \\p≈ {iaw XpSß- n. s]ß∑- mcpw Ip´nI- fpw FdW- mI- pf- Øv tjm∏nwKv Ign™v FØm≥ C\\nbpw c≠p aWn-°q¿ FSp-°pw. \\ap°v ]sø XpS-ßn-sh-bv°mw F∂p-]-d™v R߃ hmßn-s°m≠p h∂ \"tPmhm≥ Hm^v B¿°v' {_m≥Un Hmtcm s]§v AI-Øm°n, s]mcn® IS-ebpw kmeUpw S®nw-Kn-\\pw. sFkp-≠m-°m≥ t{Sbn¬ sh≈w sh®-Xn\\v sIm®-Ωbv°v {]tXyIw \\μn-sNm-√n. At∏m-tg°pw tjm∏nw-Kp-Imcpw FØn. hni∂pw Zmln®pw h∂-h¿ B¿Øn-tbmsS IÆn¬°-≠-sX√mw Xn∂p-Xp-S-ßn. At∏m- tg°pw X´p-I-S-bn-se-t∏mse Hmwse‰pw sdUn-bm-bn. F√m-h¿°pw kt¥m-jw. ]m¿´n Ign-™n´pw H∂pw Ign® {]XoXn C√-t√mSm DtΔ! k¿°m-cns‚ km[-\\-Ønepw amb-amtWm? F∂m¬ \\ap°v Hmtcm-∂p-IqSn hoimw. R߃ c≠p-t]cpw NmSn Fgp-t∂-‰p. Hmtcm tImWn-bm-°p-IqSn Bkz-Zn®p IpSn®v kwkmcw XpS¿∂p. ]e Imcy-ßfpw Bfp-Ifpw tIdn-bn-d-ßn; Chn- SpsØ kmº-ØnI _p≤n-ap-´p-Ifpw Imc-W-h-∑m-cpsS {]iv\\-ß-fp- sa√mw. `mcy \\gvkm-sW-¶nepw tPmen°v hnSm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C\\n shfnb- n¬ Fhns- Ss- b¶- nepw hnSmsX ]‰n√- . AXps- Im≠v Ahsf P¿Ω≥ `mj ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ hn´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. kabw t\\m°n-b-t∏mƒ cm{Xn aq∂p aWn. BZy-am-bn-´mWv cm{Xn-bnse aq∂paWn ImWp-∂- sX∂p ]d-™-t∏mƒ, Fs‚ ASpØ IY-bpsS ssS‰n¬ AXm°mw F∂p-]-d™v Fgp-Øn-\\n-cp-∂p. Rm\\-s∏mtg I´n-ens\\ ]p¬In. AsX Aß-s\\-bmWv Cu cm{Xn-bnse aq∂p-a-Wn-bpsS Ah- km-\\w. 113



teJ\\- ß- ƒ 115



Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä ]qt¥ IrjWv t- at- \\m≥ kn≥{Uw ae-bmf tUm. kÆn Ggp-a-‰q¿ tUm en‰-ddn Atkm-kn-tb (em\\) Ggm-aXp hm¿ {]_‘ PmXn-aX hyXym-k-an-√msX `mc-X-Ønse `qcn-]£wAP®\\S- n, B[p-\\n ߃°pw Nne {]tXyI kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-߃ D≠v. s]ampX-epsmh-bPh\\a- e-bmf `mj ß-sf-√mw-Xs∂ CS-Xp-]£ Nn¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ D≈-h-cm-Wh¿v. ØF\\∂wm¬krjvSn-®p. a G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ F√m-h-cnepw ImWp∂ GI-kz-`mhwHsc]p mkXzpX-th-{¥-Zn--`m-j-bmbn ] bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn-em-Wv. tdm_¿´v Im¬Uzepw F Adp-]-Xp-I-fn¬ C¥y-bpsS {]Xn-tcm[a{¥n-bm-b≠n-cp∂v. aeh-bn.-smI-f-`. m-j-bpsS ] ac{IFb]mmrp\\{i∂Fj„-tkmvW≥o°¬bvX-H-tS-tn-˛Hav\\h-bch-t-Xp¿\\nc¬t≤mmpk--Ø°≥n∏-Hmƒn≥nj{b®- ]]yb-{k]-eHXmckwnf- -Ãv -KpmawW-hhpW-K-Inyn-jvm-‡°In-c-°-b-\\rpjn-∂q-Øm-dB-bvWnX-enn-c¬vbt--[paC∂nn-ct-Iau\\pe-∂wImt-b≥r{pej].mFJ-fAkvWn-I-I∂tw-t-aK-f≥av -cpAn-ts®n\\-°{SibcLkX\\v mmC≥≥≤h-Kap-Pws´nc¥p[-gnsS-cCc-®h-£nØnmpsy¥-hnn-tPB-t‚-´bIm-Wcp-hy≠p-Wmc°s\"kZ¿a-[fhSyΩev.v.Lv-wpcw-b-£-´aCmse-f{]Ø-W-I-b-Imm-h-e-fm\"pc-Ø'˛w am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb Izmfn-^n-t°B-j≥b.nc- p∂ ImeØv ae-b Ata-cn-°-bn¬ ]m¿°p∂ hnth-N-\\-i-‡n-bp-≈c-ß-h¿ƒ°v kHcwpkvIr-X-Øn Imcyw a\\- n-em-Ipw. Bcp \\o´n {]kw-Kn-®mepw AXDv \\bm¿W∂wp-s. kI´wkvIr-X-km-l A¥- n-√mØ ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-sW∂ hkvXp-X. temI-ØnskemlHcnp-Xtyh-cZ-Xn- v\\-߃ ae bnepw Ign-™-Im-e-ß-fn¬ C¥y°v AwKo-Imcw In´m-ØW-Xßns-f‚pw,]CeXn-lm-kß- f Imc-W-ß-fnsem∂v CXm-bn-cp-∂p. i-Im-hy-ß-fpw, Nº-p°f C\\nbpw thsdmcp Imcyw ]cnt- im[- n°- mw. e£°- aW- m-°°- n.n\\av Pe\\-b- m-f-I-hn-XI ßsf am\\k- m¥- c- Ø- nt- e°v \\bn® temIN- c- n{- XØ- nse{G][‰hm-\\pw-a{m]bap-w kzoI-cn-® J-\\m-bn-cp∂ _n√n-{Klmw Ccp-]Xv an\\n-´p-sIm≠v {fl]k-Iw-a-Kmb-ßIƒgn-hmWv Xnf \\n¿Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Adp-]-Xp-I-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ kabw FSp-Øn-´spN-≠dv.p-t»-cn-bpsS \"Z t{K‰v IΩyq-Wn-t°-‰¿' F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂fp{w], k]nq-U¥‚m\\v -Øns‚ Nº tdm\\m¬Uv doK≥ Ccp-]-Øn-b©v an\\n-´n¬ IqSp-X¬ km[m-cW {]kw-Kn-°m-dn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ F¨]-Xp-I-fn¬ At±lw Hcp 117

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä hnπhw Xs∂ kr„n-®p. AXv doK≥ sdh-eyq-j≥' F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp- ∂p. a\\p-jys‚ {ih-W-i‡n BZysØ ap∏Xv an\\n´pw AXn-\\p- tijw AXp Ipd-™p-h-cp-sa∂v imkv{X-⁄-∑m¿ I≠p-]n-Sn-®n-´p-≠v. sFIy-cm-{„-kw-L-S-\\-bn¬ A\\-h[n aWn-°q-dn¬ {]kw-Kn® Gjy≥- ˛-B-{^n-°≥ cmPy-߃ Hcp t\\´hpw ssIh-cn-®n√ F∂pw Hm¿°p- ∂Xv \\√-Xm-Wv. \\ΩpsS hnhm-l, Nca ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ IrjvW-ta-t\\m≥ tamU- en¬ Hcp ae-bmfn IqSp∂ GXp kZ- nepw \\o≠ {]kw-K-߃ \\ap°p tIƒ°mw. \\ΩpsS hnhm-l-߃ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]e NS-ßp- Ifpw \\ΩpsS {]uVn-bpw, Ka-bpw ImWn-°m\\pw a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ a’-c-Øn-ep-amWv [mcfw ]Ww-ap-S°n ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p- ∂-Xv. e£-߃ IS-sa-SpØv henb hnhm-l-߃ \\S-Ønb ]e-tcbpw F\\n-°-dn-bmw. PmXn-aX hyXym-k-an-√msX A\\-h[n Bfp-Iƒ IqSp∂ Hcp ÿe-amWv ac-W-ip-{iq-j. Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS A≤y-£-∑m¿°v G‰hpw Xe-th-Z\\ kr„n-°p∂ Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-bn-cn°pw. Ata-cn- °-bn-sems° ]cn-]mSn Ah-km-\\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\\v ^yqW-d¬ tlmw A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Hcp kabw ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v G‰hpw henb sa{Xm-t\\m, As√-¶n¬ {]kn-≤-\\mb kphn-ti-j-{]- kw-K-It\\m BI-W-sa∂v \\n¿_-‘-hp-ap-≠v. Ahn-sSbpw \\ap°v s]mß®w ImWn-°m-\\p≈ Hcp Ah-k-c-am°n am‰p-∂p. Ata-cn-°- bn¬ km[m-cW sh≈n-bmgvN sshIn´v Bdp apX¬ H≥]Xv hsc- sb-¶nepw ]cn-]mSn kwL-Sn-∏n-°pw. acn® Bfn-s\\-∏-‰n-bp≈ KpW- hn-ti-j-߃ {ihn-°mw. acn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ Hcp {]tbm-P\\w F√m- h¿°pw e`n-°p∂ Hcp XpeyX CXv. F√m-hcpw hnip-≤-cmbn {]Jym- ]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-k-c-am-Wv. i\\n-bmgvN cmhnse ]Øv apX¬ Hcp aWn hsc-bm-bncn°Ww ]cn-]m-Sn. sh≈n-bm-gvNsØ ]cn-]mSn hfsc ck-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. GI-tZiw ap∏Xp t]sc-¶nepw kwkm-cn-°m≥ aptºm-´p-h-cpw. CXp ImWp-tºmƒ Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-c\\v Hcp Imcyw tXm∂m-dp-≠v. ]e-cp-tSbpw sh{]mfw I≠m¬ Ah¿ Bsc-¶nepw acn- s®-¶n-se∂v B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂-h-cm-sW∂v tXm∂n-t∏m-Ipw. tamU-td-‰¿ hfsc I¿i-\\-ambn \\n¿t±-i-߃ \\¬Ipw. A\\-h[n {][m-\\-s∏-´-h¿ k∂n-ln-X-cm-b-Xp-aqew Zb-hp-sNbvXv aq∂v an\\n-´n-\\p-≈n¬ HXp-ßn- \\n¬°-W-sa∂v A`y¿∞n-°pw. Hcp hnZzm≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv C{]-Im-c-am- 118

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Wv. acn®p InS-°p∂ A®m-bs\\ Rm≥ Pohn-X-Øn¬ I≠n´- n-√. A®m- bs‚ aIs\\ F\\n°p ]cn-Nbw D≠v. A®m-b≥ \\√-h-\\m-bn-cp∂p F∂v Rm≥ ]e-cn¬ \\n∂pw tI´n-´p-≠v. ]n∂oSv sImcn¥y teJ-\\- Øn¬ \\n∂pw sX -tem-\\nIy teJ-\\-Øn¬ \\n∂pw hmIy-߃ hmbn®v Ccp-]Xv an\\n´v D{K-{]-kw-K-߃ \\S-Øpw. tIƒhn-°m¿ \\ncm- i-cmbn \\{a-in-c-kv°-cmbn Ccn-°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv F\\n°v ImWp- hm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≈-Xv. i\\n-bm-gvNsØ ip{iq-jbv°v IpSpw-_-Ønepw N¿®nepw D≈ Ccp-]Xp t]tcmfw kabw FSp-°pw. {InkvXob hnizmkw G‰hpw \\nμn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ip{iq-j-I-fmWv ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS an°-hmdpw ac-W-ip-{iq-j-Iƒ. {]m¿∞-\\bv°v Ib- dp∂ `‡≥ ]Øp an\\n-´n¬ IqSp-X¬ kabw {]m¿∞n-°m\\pw FSp- °pw. F√m ae-bm-fn-Ifpw bpSyq-_n¬ t]mbn Z¿in-t°≠ c≠v ih- kw-kvImc NS-ßp-Iƒ D≠v. _n√n {Klm-ans‚ ih-kw-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ {]kn-U‚ v sUmWmƒUv {Sw]pw a‰p cm{„-Ø-e-h-∑mcpw Ahn-sSsbm∂pw {]kw-Kn-®n-√. {^m•n≥ {Klmapw At±-l-Øns‚ ktlm-Z-cnbpw GXm\\pw an\\n-´p-Iƒ FSp-Øp. c≠m-aXv ImtW-≠Xv {]kn-U‚ v tPm¿÷v _pjns‚ kwkv°m-c-am-Wv. AhnsS {]kn-U‚ v {Sw]pw a‰p temI-t\\-Xm-°fpw au\\-am-bn-cp-∂p. aI-\\mb {]kn-U‚ v tPm¿÷v Uªyp. _pjpw Hcp sIm®pa- I- \\pw kwkmc- n®- p. Ahns- Sßpw kzbw Xnf-ßp-hm-\\p≈ hy{KX I≠n-√. ]cm-Pbw F¥p-sIm≠v kw`-hn-®p. tIcfw D{K-hm-‹n-I-fm¬ A\\p-{K-ln-°-s∏´ Hcp ÿe-am-Wv. Ign™ Ac-Z-im-_vZ-Øn¬ A[nIw D{K-{]-kw-K-߃ XpSsc \\S-Øn-sb-¶nepw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS s]cp-am-‰-Øn¬ Hcp hyXn-bm-\\hpw kw`-hn-®n-´n-√. kaq-l-Øn¬ \\ne- hn-en-cn-°p∂ \\yq\\-X-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn®v {]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\\v ]I-c- ambn kz¥w {]kwKw {ihn®v BfpI- f- psS kΩXw hmßW- s- a∂- p≈ hy{K-X-bmWv an° hm‹n-I-fnepw ImWp-∂-Xv. D]-tZ-in-am¿ XΩn¬ sFIy-an-√m-bvabpw At\\ym\\yw ]mc-h-bv°p-∂Xpw km[m-cW ]Xn- hm-Wv. Hcp hy‡n-bpsS amlmflyw a\\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Cu teJ-I≥ Hcp kwKXn am{Xw t\\m°p-∂p. Hcp hy‡n-bp-sS-tbm, hnizm-kn-bp- sStbm s]cp-am-‰w. aX-]-c-a-√mØ kmaq-ln-I, kmlnXy ams‰m-en-I- fnepw ÿnXn CXp-X-s∂. \\mwXs∂ Hcp kzbw-]-cn-tim-[\\ \\S-Øn, Xmgva [cn®v a‰p-≈-hsc _lp-am-\\n-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \\ΩpsS kz`m-h-co-Xn°v hyXn-bm\\w hcp-sa∂v \\ap°v Biz-kn-°mw. 119

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Aºc- ∏- n°- p∂ bmYm¿∞yw! Cutim tP°-_v, lqè Iºyq-´-dn\\p apºntem sk¬t^m-Wn\\v apºntem kwkm-cn- ®m¬ an° `mj-I-fnepw am‰¿ ssS∏v sNbvXp-h-cp∂ Cu ImeØv Pohn-°p∂ Cu teJ-I≥ Acn-bnepw Xcn-a-W-enepw Icn-º-\\-tbm-e- bn-ep-amWv FgpØv ]Tn-®-sX∂ bmYm¿∞yw Aº-c-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse Hcp {Kma-Øn¬ Bbn-c-Øn-sXm-≈m-bn-cØn AºX- pI- f- n¬ t…‰pw I√pt- Imepw t]mepw Zp¿e`- a- mb- nc- p∂- p. A©mw hb- n¬ Bim≥ If-cn-bn¬ Fs∂ ]nXmhv sIm≠p-hn-´n´v Aev]w amdn ad™- p\\- n∂- v, Rm≥ Icb- p∂- ns- √∂pd∏p hcpØ- nb tijw am{Xw ho´n¬ t]mIp-∂Xv Ct∏mgpw Hm¿Ω-bp-≠v. \"\"lcnx{io KW-]-Xmtb \\ax'' F∂mWv BZyw Bim≥ ssIhn-c-en¬ ]nSn-s®-gp-Xn-®-Xv. At\\-I-h¿j-߃ \\nc-h[n kvIqfp- I-fnepw tImtf-Pp-I-fnepw bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-I-fnepw ]Tn-°m≥ `mKy-ap- ≠mb teJI- ≥ Ct∏mƒ Atac- n°- b- n¬ Ah[n Znhk- ß- f- n¬ A©p apX¬ ]Xn\\- ©p hsc {]mb°- mc- mb Ip´nI- sf aeb- mf A£c- ß- fpw hmb-\\bpw kwkm-chpw ]Tn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb Nne kmº-ØnI ÿm]-\\-ß- fn¬ D]-tZ-„m-hmbn Xnc-t°-dnb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-߃°n-S-bnepw ae- bmfw ¢m n\\pw tIcf ssdt‰gvkv t^mdw, ae-bmfw skmssk‰n ao‰nw-Kp-Iƒ°pw kabw Is≠-Øp-∂p; kt¥m-jhpw! Hcp h¿jsØ Bim≥ ¢mkv Ah-km-\\n-®Xv \"Nn¥w' F∂ \"{KmUp-th-j≥' NS-tßm-sS-bm-Wv. Nn¥ Bcw-`n-°p-I-bmWv A∂v sNbvX-sX∂v At\\I h¿jsØ Nn¥bv°p tij-amWv a\\- n-em-b- Xv. Hcp PohnX- I- me- Ø- n\\- p≈- n¬ FgpØ- ns- ‚bpw A®S- nb- ps- Sbpw hnZy-Iƒ At\\I XhW amdn-h-cp-∂Xv t\\cn¬ ImWm\\pw AXns‚ 120

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä `mK-am-Im\\pw km[n-®p-sh-∂Xv hnkva-bn-∏n-°p∂ bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. Fgp-tØm-ebv°ptijw t…‰pw I√p-tIm-epw, Ão¬ s]∂pw, ajn°- p∏- nb- pw, ajn \\nd® t]\\I- f- pw, \\nch- [n XcØ- ne- p≈ t_mƒs]- ∂p-I-fpw, dn_-Wn´ ssS∏vssd-‰-dp-I-fpw, Ce-Iv{SnIv ssS∏vssd-‰-dp-I- fpw, tamtWm ssSs∏¿, sset\\m ssSs∏¿, thcn-˛-ssS-∏-dp-Iƒ, tImw]v{Km-^nIv sajo≥, sabn≥ s{^bnw Iºyq-´-dp-Iƒ, sF_n-Fw, B∏nƒ, sU¬, t]¿k-W¬ Iºyq-´-dp-Iƒ, sUkvIvtSm∏v Iºyq-´-dp- Iƒ, em]vtSm-∏p-Iƒ, ssat{Im-t^m-Wp-Iƒ, sF˛-t^m-Wp-Iƒ F∂n- h-sb√mw \\nc-h[n am[y-a-ÿm-]-\\-ß-fnse tPmen-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ ssIImcyw sNbvXp. an°-hbpw kz¥-am-°p-hm\\pw `mKy-ap-≠m-bn. `qtKm-f-Øn¬ ae-bmf\\mSns‚ adp-]p-dØv Ata-cn-°-bnse AXn-a-t\\m-l-c-amb lqÃ-Wn¬ ap∏-Øn-b©v h¿jw Xma-kn-®n´pw a[p-c-a-t\\m-lc ae-bmf `mjsb ad-°m-t\\m, shdp-°mt\\m CS-bm-bn- ´n-√. adn®v a\\ m kvt\\ln-°m\\pw t]mjn-∏n-°m\\pw Bhp-∂-sX√mw sNøp-∂p. ae-bmfw \\ap°v lrZ-b-Øns‚ `mj-bmWv! Bflm-hns‚ i_vZhpw! 121

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä temIm¤- pX- ß- f- nse c‡\\- mS- I- i- me Imcq¿ tkma≥, Nmcpw-aqSv tdma≥ km{am-Py-Øns‚ {Iqc-X-I-fpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øepw AS-bm-f-hp-amWv c‡-\\n-e-amb tdmanse sImtfm-kn-bw. tdma≥ km{am-Py-Øns‚ {Iqc-X-I-fpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øepw AS-bm-f-hp-amWv c‡-\\n-e-b-amb tdmanse sImtfm-kn-bw. BIm-i- tØmfw Db¿∂p\\n¬°p∂ Cu A¤p-X-tKm-]p-c-Øn-te°v lrZ-b- Øn¬ Ae-b-Sn-°p∂ Zpc-¥-kv]-μ-\\-ß-fp-ambn Rm≥ \\n∂p. a\\p- jy\\pw h\\y-ar-K-ß-fp-ambn G‰p-ap-´p∂ c‡-\\m-S-I-i-‡n-bpsS ]co- £-W-im-e. Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ arK-hp-ambn G‰p-ap´n ac-W-s∏-´m¬ B icocw arK-Øn\\v `£-W-am-Wv. Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ arK-hp-ambn G‰p-ap´n Pbn-®m¬ Abmƒ°v tamN\\w e`n-°pw. {InkvXob hnizm-kn-Ifpw Ip‰p-hm-fn-I-fpsS ]´n-I-bn-ep-≠v. Ah-sc√mw c‡-km-£n-I-fmbn arK- ß-fpsS ap∂n¬ Poh≥ tlman-®-h-cm-Wv. a\\p-jycpw arK-ß-fp-ambn G‰p-ap-´-∂Xpw a√-∑m¿ ]c-kv]cw G‰p-ap´n acWw hcn-°p-∂Xpw Hcp hnt\\m-Z-am-bn-´mWv tdma≥ N{I-h¿Øn-am¿ I≠n-cp-∂-Xv. sImtfm-kn- b-Øns‚ ap∂n-ep≈ tdmU-cp-In¬ C‰-en-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-`w-Kn°v am‰p- Iq´- p∂ at\\ml- c- a- mb ss]≥IpSa- c- ß- ƒ \\nc\\- nc- b- mbn ct≠m apt∂m imJ-I-fmbn Hcp IpS-t]mse BIm-i-tØ°pb¿∂p \\n¬°p-∂Xv Hcp IuXp-I-I-c-amb ImgvN-bm-Wv. tdma \\Kcw IØn-sb-cn-™-t∏mƒ BIm-i-tØ-°p-b¿∂ A·n-Pzm-e-Iƒt]mse hoW hmbn®p ckn® \\otdm N{I-h¿Øn-sb-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h¿°v a\\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ {]Xn- \\n-[n-bmbn Fßs\\ `cn-°m≥ Ign-™p-sh-∂Xv C∂pw Hcp tNmZy- Nn-”-am-Wv. tdma≥ N{I-h¿Øn-am-cpsS sdmam‚nIv \\mSI Ac-ßn¬ Hgp-In-bXv a\\p-jy-cp-sSbpw arK-ß-fp-sSbpw NqSp≈ c‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. kpJ-tem-ep-]-\\mbn Pohn® \\otdm tdmans‚ lrZ-b-`m-KØv IqSp-X¬ 122

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä D√m-k-Øn-\\mbn Xo¿Ø-XmWv tKmƒU¨ lukv. cmP`-c-W-Øn¬ a\\w-s\\m¥p Ign-™n-cp∂ P\\-߃ F.-Un. 68˛¬ ]´m-fsØ Iq´p-]n-Sn®v \\otdmsb h[n-°m≥ ]≤Xn Xøm-dm- °n hcp-tºmƒ ln‰ve-sd-t∏mse Hfn-t®mSn Bfl-lXy sNøp-I-bm- bn-cp-∂p. \\otdm-bv°p-tijw h∂ N{I-h¿Øn tKmƒU¨ lukn\\v ASp-Ømbn Hcp ]Sp-Iq-‰≥ Bw^n Xob-‰¿ \\n¿Ωn-®p. AhnsS \\otdm- bpsS sImtfmkv F∂ t]cn-ep≈ Hcp sNºp-{]-Xn-a-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv ]n∂oSv sImtfm-knbw F∂ t]cn¬ temI-{]-ikvXn t\\Sn. B {]Xna \\in-∏n-®p-sh-¶nepw Cu t]cv C∂pw Pohn-°p-∂p. sImtfm-kn- b-Øns‚ Akm-[m-c-WXzw I≠p-\\n¬s°, \\otdm sImtfm-kn-bsØ {]Xn-\\n-[o-I-cn®v BIm-i-ta-L-߃ Cf-In-sØ-dn-°p-Ibpw `qansb hnd-∏n-®p-sIm≠v CSnbpw an∂epw Im‰pw D≠m-bn. sImtfm-kn-b-Øns‚ _o`-’-I-cq]w ag-bnepw CSn-an-∂-enepw I≠p. Fs‚ Iøn-en-cp∂ IpS Im‰n¬ IpS-°-ºn-I-fmbn amdn. ac-ß- fpsS Iºp-Iƒ HSn-™p-ho-Wp. ac-Øn-\\-S-Øp \\n∂-h¿ ASpØ sI´n- SØ- nt- e°v HmSn. Nne ]£nI- ƒ aÆn¬ Nnds- ImS- n™p hoWp. _w•m- tZ-in-Iƒ Xe apX¬ ]mZw- h-sc-b-Wn-bp∂ πmÃn-°p-ambn Hmtcm-cp- Øsc kao-]n-®p. Rm\\pw HscÆw hmßn ico-c-Øn-e-Wn-™p. πmÃn°v ico-c-ßsf hen-™p-ap-dp-°n. tIc-f-Ønepw temI-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fnepw tImcn-s®m-cn-bp∂ agbpw CSn-an-∂epw I≠n-´p-≠v. BZya- mb- n´- mWv ImXp-]nf- ¿°p∂ hn[-ap≈ CSnbpw agbpw a\\pj- ysc Im‰n¬]-d-Øp∂ sImSp-¶m‰pw I≠-Xv. sImtfm-kn-b-Ønse a\\p-jy- Xz-Øn\\v h∂p-tN¿∂ arKo-bX Chn-SpsØ CSn-an-∂-enepw ag-bnepw Rm≥ \\nco-£n-°-bp-≠m-bn. sImtfm-kn-b-Øn-\\p-≈n-te°v {]th-in-®m¬ {i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp- ∂Xv `oam-Im-c-amb XqWp-Ifpw Icn-¶-√p-I-fp-am-Wv. ]g-a-bpsS aWhpw {]uV-hp-amb CS-\\m-gn-Iƒ. apI-fn-te°v t]mIm≥ Icn-¶√p ]mInb sÃ∏p-I-fp-≠v. AXns‚ Hcp tImWn¬ en^v‰v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. F.-Un. 70˛I-fn¬ Aøm-bncw t]¿°v Ccn-°m-hp∂ Ccn-∏n-S-amWv sImtfm-kn-b-Øn-\\p-≈-Xv. AXn¬ D∂-X¿°pw ]´m-f-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ°pw N{I-h¿Øn°pw {]tXyI Ccn-∏n-S-ß-fp-≠v. sImtfm-kn-b-Øns‚ Ncn{Xadn-bm-Ø-h¿°p-t]mepw AXn-\\p-≈n¬ IS-°p-tºmƒ a\\- n¬ {]Xy-£-ambn A\\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw `bw Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXns‚ Imcyhpw Imc-Whpw as‰m-∂p-a-√. h\\y-ar-K-ßfpw a\\p-jycpw XΩn- ep≈ t]mcm-´-ßfpw c‡-s®m-cn-®n-ep-am-Wv. sImSpw-Ip-‰-hm-fn-I-sf, 123

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä {InkvXob hnizm-kn-Isf arK-߃°v `£-W-ambn sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p. bqtdm-∏nse {]i-kvX-cmb •mUn-tb-‰-∑m¿°v Xß-fpsS t]io-_ew sXfn-bn-°m-\\p≈ Hcp thZn-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p sImtfm-kn-bw. Cu {Iqc- X-Iƒ I≠n-cp∂v ckn-®-h-cn¬ N{I-h¿Øn-am¿ am{X-a-√, P\\-ß-fp-ap- ≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {InkvXym-\\n-Iƒ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ c‡-km-£nXzw hcn-®n-´p-≈-Xns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ sImtfm-kn-b-Øn¬\\n∂v ]pcm-hkvXp Kth-j-I¿ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. sImtfm-kn-b-Øns‚ apI-fn¬\\n∂v Xmtg°v t\\m°p-tºmƒ ta¬°p-c-bn-√mØ \\qdp-I-W-°n\\v sNdnb apdn-I-fpw, \\S-∏m-X-I-fpw, Ccp-ºp-tK-‰p-Ifpw ImWmw. Chn-sS-bmWv arK-ß-sfbpw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-sfbpw {InkvXob hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw ]m¿∏n- ®n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu AKm-[-K¿ØØn\\v GI-tZiw ap∏Xv sXmSn-bp≈ Hcp InW-‰ns‚ XmgvN ImWpw. CXns‚ Hcp `mK-Ømbn hen-sbmcp Ipcniv ImWmw. ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN t]m∏v \\S-Øp∂ Ipcn-ins‚ hgn- bn¬ sImtfm-kn-b-hp-ap-≠v. sImtfm-kn-b-Øn¬ \\n∂v ]pdØv hcp- tºmƒ au\\-s\\m-º-c-߃ amdn {]IrXn kpJ-I-c-amb Hc-\\p-`-h-am- bmWv A\\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xv. ]pdØv k©m-cn-Iƒs°m∏w\\n∂v A`n-\\h •mUn-tb-‰¿am¿ t^mt´m FSp-°p-∂p. Hcp ITmc ssIøn¬ X∂n´v ASpØp \\n¬°p-∂-hs\\ IpØp∂ cwKw Rm\\pw B cwKw A`n-\\- bn®v t^mt´m FSp-Øp. sImtfm-knbw ÿnXn sNøp-∂Xv tdma≥ t^md-Øn-em-Wv. ]pcm-X\\ tdmans‚ kmaq-ly-˛-km-º-ØnI kncm-tI- {μ-am-bn-cp∂p tdma≥ t^mdw. tdma≥ `c-W-Imew P\\-߃ `b-∂mWv Ign-™-Xv. sImtfm-knbw Ah-cpsS ap∂n¬ ac-W-Øns‚ hmXn-em- Wv. AXns‚ aq¿Ø-`m-h-ß-fmWv AhnsS \\S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. N{I- h¿Øn `c-W-Øn-s\\-Xnsc i_vZn-®m¬ Xe ImWn-s√∂v P\\-߃°- dn-bmw. F∂p-sa∂pw ]oU-\\-߃ G‰p-hm-ßn, Ip\\n™ inc- p-ambn Pohn-°p∂ ASn-a-I-fpsS temIw. Chn-tS-°mWv Hcp sImSp-¶m-‰p- t]mse {InkvXpi- nj- y-\\mb sk‚ v ]o‰¿ IS∂- p-hc- p-∂X- v. N{I-h¿Øn- am-cpsS kqJ-tem-ep-]-X, tZho-tZ-h-∑m-cpsS {]Xn-a-I-fp-≠m°n \\S- Øp∂ A‘-hn-izmk BNm-c-߃, \\c-_-en, arK-_en Ch-bvs°- Xnsc At±lw B™-Sn-®p. ]mh-ßsf ]oUn-∏n-°p∂ `c-Wm-[n-]- ∑msc ]pdØm°m≥ P\\-߃ apt∂m-´p-h-c-W-sa∂v tdman-seßpw At±lw Blzm\\w sNbvXp. Cu ss]im-Nn-I-i-‡n-Iƒs°-Xnsc B™-Sn-®-Xns‚ ^e-ambn At±-lsØ Ah¿ {Iqc-ambn sIme-s∏- Sp-Øn. sk‚ v ]o‰¿ A¥y-hn-{iaw sIm≈p∂ sk‚ v ]o‰¿ _k-en- °-bn-te°v _ n¬ Rm≥ bm{X-Xn-cn-®p. 124

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä \\mw ]cni- oe- nt- °≠ hy‡nXzkhnt- ij- X- I- ƒ Cutim tP°-_v, lqè Personal qualities impacts everything we listen, read, view, follow, think, decide, do and promote. Failure or success in life depends on the personal qualities we develop during our lifetime. No one has ever published a list of personal qualities as broad as this. ™ Pm{KX ™ kXy-k-‘X ™ ss[cyw ™ \\njvI-f-¶X ™ am\\yX ™ hnt[-bXzw ™ Ickva ™ hn´p-hogvN ™ A®-S°w ™ AXyp-’mlw ™ Zbm-epXzw ™ BZ¿i-[o-cX ™ hm’eyw ™ t\\cmb Nn¥ ™ [m¿Ωn-IX ™ BZ¿i ip≤n ™ _m[y-ÿX ™ I¿Ω-Ip-i-eX ™ k¬kz-`m-hw ™ k∑m¿§-\\njvT ™ \\nkzm¿∞X ™ hnth-N\\ hcw ™ hniz-kvXX ™ hnj-b-hn-c‡n ™ Bflm¿∞X ™ \\n›-b-Zm¿Vyw ™ Du¿÷-kz-eX ™ hnZym-k-º-∂X ™ Zqc-°mgvN ™ ]cn-k-c-t_m[w ™ Iem-lr-Zbw ™ BI¿j-Wo-bX ™ e£y-t_m[w ™ Bi-b-k-ºØv ™ ka-Nn-ØX ™ {]kwK ]mShw 125

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä ™ kmam-\\y-_p≤n ™ a\\ v GIm-{K-am-°m-\\p≈ ™ s]mXp-hn-⁄m\\w Ignhv ™ hnim-e-a-\\-kvIX ™ Xm¬]cyw P\\n-∏n-°p∂ ™ arZpeat\\m-`mhw hy‡nXzw ™ \\n¿ΩmWNmXpcyw ™ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap≈ {]h¿Ø- ™ ]cn-N-b-k-º-∂X \\-coXn ™ kwtbm-P-\\-tijn ™ {]Xn-^-e-tØ-°mƒ Bfl- ™ kulr-Z-kz-`mhw kw-Xr]vXn ™ \\nkzm¿∞ tkh\\w ™ ]ptcm-K-a-\\-]-c-amb kmaq-ly- ™ ÿnc-]-cn-{ia ioew Z¿i\\w ™ Bflm¿∞kvt\\lw ™ a‰p-≈-h-sc-∏‰n Icp-X-ep≈ ™ A¤pX hy‡nXzw kz`mhw ™ {]h¿Ø-t\\m-∑p-JX ™ a‰p-≈-hsc D÷z-en-∏n-°m- ™ `mhn hn`m-h-\\-tijn \\p≈ Ignhv ™ {]Xn-]£ _lp-am\\w ™ ap≥ssI-sb-SpØp {]h¿Øn- ™ CS-]-g-Im-\\p≈ Ignhv °m-\\p≈ tijn ™ Akm-[m-cW ssh`hw ™ kplr-Xv_-‘-߃ \\ne- ™ kZp-t±-i-tØmsS tkh\\w \\n¿Øm-\\p≈ Ignhv ™ Bi-b-hn-\\n-ab NmXpcyw ™ apt∂-dp-hm≥ a‰p-≈-hsc ™ apt∂-dp-hm-\\p≈ Bthiw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ lrZ-b- ™ DØ-c-hm-ZnØ at\\m-`mhw hn-im-eX ™ Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-amb e`yX ™ ] p t c m - K - a \\ m Z ¿ i - ß f p w ™ s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sm-\\p≈ Ignhv {]h¿Ø-\\-ssi-en-Ifpw ™ ]ptcm-K-Xn-°p≈ A`n-emjw \\nd™ efn-X-Po-hnXw Copyright: Jacob Easo, Houston. If you like to get and English version of this, you may contact the writer at [email protected] 126

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Atac- n°- ≥ aeb- mf- nI- f- psS hnhn[ HmWmt- Lmj- ß- ƒ˛ HchtemI- \\w F.-kn. tPm¿÷v Ata-cn-°≥ ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS {]tXyI PohnX Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ HmW-am-tLm-jn-°p-∂Xv Ah-c-h-cpsS `h-\\-ß-fn-e-√. Ah¿ HmW-am- tLm-jn-°p-∂Xv hnhn[ ae-bmfn At m-kn-tb-j-\\p-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Chn-sS-bp≈ ae-bmfn kwL-S-\\-I-fn¬ A[n-Ihpw Bcw-`n-®Xv HmWw BtLm-jn-°m≥ th≠n-bm-Wv. HmWw BtLm-jn-°m≥ IqSnb ]e Iq´m-bva-Ifpw ]n∂oSv hn]p-e-amb ]≤-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-ambn henb ae-bmfn {]ÿm-\\-ßfpw kwL-S-\\-I-fp-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp- I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CXn\\p [mcmfw A]-hm-Z-ß-fp-≠m-Imw. Chn-SpsØ Hmtcm ae-bmfn At m-kn-tb-j-\\p-I-fp-sSbpw Hcp h¿j-Ønse Gd- dhpw henb kw`h- hpw atlm’- -hhpw HmWw Xs∂. Atac- n-°b- nse Hmtcm ae-bmfn kwL-S-\\-I-fp-sSbpw Cs°m-√sØ HmWw Cu hmcm- ¥y-tØmsS GXm≠v ]cy-hkm-\\n-®-t√m. I≠p-tI-´-dn™ hnhn[ ae-bmfn At m-kn-tb-j-\\p-I-fpsS HmWm-tLm-j-ß-fpsS {lkz-amb Hcp hnl-K-ho-£Ww \\S-Øp-I- bmWv Cu teJ-\\-Øn-eq-sS. HmWmtLm-j-ß-fn-eqsS \\S-Ønb Cu Hm´-{]-Z-£n-W-Øn¬ F√m-bn-SØpw HmW-k-Zy-bpw, alm-_-en-bpsS Fgp-∂-≈-Øpw, Xncp-hm-Xn-c-°-fnbpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv {]tXy-I-X. Nne At m-kn-tb-j-\\p-I-fn¬ apJym-Xn-Yn-I-fmbn Ata-cn-°- bnse {]mtZ-inI cm{„ob Ce-ŒUv H^o-jy¬kp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nne- bn-S-ß-fn¬ HmW-°m-eØp am{Xw Xe-s]m-°p∂ Nne _p≤n-Po-hn-I- fpsS tXmcØ, \\ne-bv°mØ {]kw-K߃ s]cp-a-g-bmbn s]bvXn-d- M-Mn. Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ HmUnt‰mdnb-Ø- n-ep-≈-Xn-t\\-°mƒ IqSp-X-embn hnin-„m-Xn-Yn-Iƒ tÃPn¬ Xn°n-°-bdn HmWm-tLm-j-ß-fpsS `{Z- 127

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Zo]w a’-c-_p-≤n-tbmsS sXfn-bn-®p. Nne kzmK-X-{]-kw-K-I¿ HmW- Øns‚ kXyhpw kØbpw ]ucm-Wn-I ]›m-Ø-ehpw kzmK-Xhpw am{X-a√ \\μn-{]-kw-Khpw IqsS \\S-Øn-bnt´ tÃPn¬ \\n∂p hnS-hm- ßn-bp-≈q. ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw \"ae-bmfw sImc®v sImc®v Acn-bp∂' `mch- ml- nI- f- psS kz¥w Ip´nI- s- f˛- b- ph- {- ]X- n`- I- sf XØt- ]mse GXm- s≠ms° Aev]-k-abw A`y-kn-∏n®v amÿ Hm^v skdn-a-Wn-am-cm°n ]cn-]mSn GXm≠v Ipfhpw Nf-hp-am-°n. ]Xn-hp-t]mse amXm-]n-Xm- °ƒ Ah-c-h-cpsS Ip´n-I-fpsS Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ BZyw \\S-Øm≥ [rXn-Iq-´n. Ah-cpsS Ip´n-I-fpsS B´w, ]m´v XpS-ßnb Iem-]-cn-]m-S- Iƒ°p tijw Ah¿ Ip´n-I-fp-ambn `h\\w ]‰n. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]cn- ]m-Sn-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°m-t\\m, A`n-\\-μn-°mt\\m D≈ £atbm a\\t m Ah-cn¬ I≠n-√. sN≠taf-ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS Xme-s∏m-en-tb-¥nb Xcp- Wo-a-Wn-I-fmWv alm-_en Xºp-cms\\ ]e-bn-SØpw GXn-tc-‰-Xv. At m-kn-tb-j≥ `mc-hm-ln-I-fpw, s^m°m-\\, t^ma `mc-hm-ln-Ifpw £Wn®pw £Wn-°-s∏-Sm-sXbpw h∂ Nne `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ amth-en- bpsS tLmj-bm-{X-bn¬ amth-en-sb-t∏mepw ]n≥X-≈n-s°m≠v tLmj-bm-{X-bpsS ap≥\\n-c-bn¬ am[y-a-°-Æp-I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏- Sm≥ {]tXyIw {ian-°p-∂-Xmbn tXm∂n. Ata-cn-°-bnse kwL-S-\\-I-fpsS kwL-S\\ F∂-h-Im-i-s∏- Sp∂ s^m°m-\\-bvt°m, t^mambvt°m kz¥-ambn HmW-am-tLm-jn- °m≥ Hcn-S-hp-an-√. a‰p {]mtZ-inI At m-kn-tb-j-\\p-I-fpsS ]¥-ep- I-fn-emWv Ah-cpsS BtLm-jw. Ahn-sS-sbms° t]mbn HmW-ap- Æm\\pw tLmjb- m{- Xb- n¬ ap≥\\nc- b- n¬ Fgp∂- ≈- m\\pw tÃPn¬ Xncn- sIm-fp-Øm\\pw apJy-{]-`m-j-W-Øn-eqsS HmW-k-tμiw \\¬Im\\pw Ah-cpsS C„ {]mtZ-inI kwL-S-\\-I-fpsS A\\p-I-º-tbm-sS-bp≈ £W-°Øpw hnfnbpw ImØv Ah¿ ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v am{Xw. AXn¬ bmsXmcp Ipg-∏-tam, A`w-Kntbm C√. ImcWw B {]mtZ- inI kwL-S-\\-Iƒ s^m°m-\\-bp-am-tbm, t^mam-bp-amtbm A^n-en- tb‰v sNø-s∏-´n-´p≈ AwK-kw-L-S-\\-I-fm-W-t√m. ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS Hcp tZiob s^Ud- ¬ kwLS- \\m kwhn[- m\\- a- p≠- mb- nc- p∂- t- ∏mƒ AXnse t\\Xm°- ƒ {]mtZi- nI kwLS- \\- I- f- psS HmWØns- \\Ø- nb- nc- p∂- t- ∏mƒ IqSp-X¬ aXn∏pw _lp-am-\\hpw t\\Sn-bn-cp-∂p. C∂n-t∏mƒ kwK-Xn- bmsI amdn. c≠v tZiob {]ÿm-\\-ß-fn¬ \\n∂pw t\\Xm-°-sf-Øp- tºmƒ GXp s^U-td-j-\\n¬ \\n∂p≈ t\\Xm-hns\\ IqSp-X¬ am\\n- 128

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä °pw. c≠nt-ebpw t\\Xm-°sf Xpey-ambn am\\n-t°t≠? c≠p Iq´¿°pw HmWk- t- μiw \\¬Im≥ kabw sImSp°- ≠- X- t- √. Aßs\\ AwK kwL-S-\\-Iƒ°pw Cu ]nf¿∏v Hcp Xe-th-Z-\\bpw {]iv\\-hp-am- Wv. CtXamXn-cn-bp≈ {]mtbm-KnI {]iv\\-ßsfs®m√n Nne {]mtZ- inI ae-bmfn At m-kn-tb-j-\\p-Iƒ ]nf¿∂p. Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb ae-bmfn kwL-S-\\-IƒXs∂ DS-se-Sp-Øp. C{]-Im-c-ap≈ kwLS- \\- I- f- psS _mlpe- yhpw ]nf¿®bpw AhnS- ß- f- nse HmWmt- Lm- jß- s- fØ- s∂ _m[n®- X- mbn I≠p. s^m°m\\- b- pa- mbn A^ne- nt- b‰v sNbvX ae-bmfn kwL-S-\\-I-fpsS HmWw t^mam-°m-cpw, t^mam-bp- ambn A^n-en-tb‰v sNbvX kwL-S-\\-bpsS HmWw s^m°m-\\-°mcpw _ln-jvI-cn-®-Xmbn I≠p. ae-bm-fn-Isf Htc-t]mse H∂m-bn-°m-Wm- \\mbn B{K-ln-®n-cp∂ alm-_en N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS al-Ømb Hcp-a- bpsS ktμiw IqsS Dƒs°m-≈p∂ HmWw C{]-Imcw hnL-SnX Nn¥m-i-‡n-I-tfm-sS-bmtWm BtLm-jnt°≠-Xv. F∂m¬ Nne-bn- S-ß-fn¬ P\\-߃°v s^m°m-\\m-˛-t^mam tNcn-Xn-cnhv Hcp {]iv\\-am- bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ kuI-cy-a-\\p-k-cn®v Cu c≠p-Iq-´¿°pw {]map-Jy- ap≈ kwL-S-\\-I-fn¬ t]mbn HmW-ap-≠p. Nne kwL-S-\\-I-fn¬ s^m°m-t\\m-˛-t^mam {]h¿Ø-I¿ ]c-kv]cw ssItIm¿Øp-]n-Sn-®p- Xs∂ HmWm-tLm-j-߃ \\S-Øn-bXv {]iw-k-\\obw Xs∂. F∂m¬ Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ amth-en-bmbn thj-an-´-h-cn¬Øs∂ s^m°m-\\m-˛- t^mam hnL-SnX Nn¥m-KXn Z¿in-®p. Nne-bn-SØv s^m°mt\\m amth- enbpw Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ t^mam amth-enbpw ]mXm-f-Øn¬ \\ns∂-Øn. Fs¥mcp hn[n-ssh-]-coXyw! Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°≥ ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS hnhn[ aX Bcm-[-\\m- e-b-ß-fn¬ HmWw BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. Cu ]pXnb {]h-WX icntbm, sXt‰m Bim-h-ltam BsW∂v Nne¿ A`n-{]m- b-s∏-Sp-∂p. HmWw Hcp \\√ Bi-bhpw ktμ-i-hp-at√ \\¬Ip-∂-Xv. AXn-\\m¬ Bcm-[-\\m-e-b-ßfpw AXp kz¥-ambn {]tXy-I-ambn BtLmj- n°- p∂- X- n¬ Hc]- mI- X- b- pa- n√- ms- b∂v Hcp Iq´¿ ]db- pt- ºmƒ HmW-sa-¶nepw Htcm aX-Øn-s‚tbm, aXm-e-b-ß-fp-sStbm kz¥w t]cn¬ BtLmj- n°- msX aXß- ƒ°X- oX- a- mb aebmf- nI- f- psS kmaq- ly-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI kwL-S-\\-I-fpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ Hcp tNcn-Xn- cnhpw hI-t`-Zhpw IqSmsX F√mae-bm-fn-Ifpw Hcp-a-tbmsS BtLm- jn-°-Ww. alm-_en N{I-h¿Øn F√mae-bm-fn-I-fp-sSbpw `c-W- I¿Øm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Hcm-tLm-j-sa-¶nepw F√maX-ÿ¿°pw Hcp- 129

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä an®v BtLm-jn-°m≥ Ah-kcw XcnI As√-¶n¬ Ah-k-c-sam-cp- °p-I. Hmtcm aX-ÿ¿°pw Bcm-[-\\m-e-b-ßfpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw HmW-k-Zybpw Xncp-hm-Xn-cbpw amth-en-bpsS Fgp-∂-≈Øpw \\S-Øn- bm¬, AXn¬am{Xw ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ aXm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ hnizm-kn-Isf \\n¿_‘n®m¬ F√maeb- mf- nI- f- pt- SX- pa- mb kmaqlykwLS\\I- f- psS HmWm-tLm-j-߃ {]mtbW {]k‡n \\„-s∏´v ipjvI-am-bn-Øo- cpw. AXn-\\m¬ aXm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ HmW-Øns‚ al-Ømb ktμiw a\\- n-em°n hnizm-kn-Isf HmW-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb BtLm-j-ß- fn-te°v t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-W-sa-∂p≈ A`n-{]m-b-Øn-et√ \\ymbhpw bp‡nb- pw. AXpt- ]ms- eX- s∂ ]ptcml- nX- ¿°pw aXm[- nI- mc- nI- ƒ°pw {]kw-Kn-°m\\pw ktμiw \\¬Im\\pw Bcm-[-\\m-e-b-ß-fn¬ Zn\\hpw {]tXyI Ah-k-c-ß-fp-≠-t√m. ]ns∂-sb-¥n\\v Ahscho≠pw kmaq- ly-kw-L-S-\\-I-fpsS HmWm-tLm-j-߃ XpS-ßnb thZn-I-fn-te°v apJy-{]-`m-j-I-cmbpw ktμ-i-hm-l-I-cmbpw £Wn-°p-∂p. CXpw Hcp- Xcw \\ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ kwK-Xn-b-t√. Ah-cpw ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ hc-s´, kw_-‘n-°s´˛ A{X-am-{Xw. C∂p ]ptcm-ln-X-scbpw ]qPm-cn-I-sfbpw Fhn-sSbpw Xncp- In-°-b-‰p-I-bm-Wv. As√-¶n¬ Ah¿Xs∂ F√m cwK-ß-fnepw X{¥- ]q¿Δw CSn-®p-tI-dp-I-bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS {]kw-K-ß-sf-tbm, sNbvXn-I- sftbm tNmZyw sNøm≥ Bcp-an-√msX hcn-I-bm-Wv. AXn\\v F√m- h¿°pw `b-am-Wv. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ tZhm-e-b-ß-fn-se-∂-t]m-se, AtX coXn-bn¬ s]mXp-th-Zn-I-fnepw \\o´n-∏n-Sn®v Xeßpw hneßpw ]d-™- Xp-Xs∂ i‡n-bm-bn-´pw, Du∂n-bpw, Xd-∏n®pw ASn-h-c-bn´pw ]d™v a\\p-jys\\ sIm√m-s°me sNøp-Ibpw hne-tb-dnb kabw \\„-am- °p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬ Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø- Is\\ Imcy-am-{X-{]-k-‡-am-bn-t∏mepw H∂pw hmbvXpd-°m≥t]mepw Bcpw kΩX- n-°n-√. Ah¿ {]kwKw XpSß- p-tºmtg ]ndp]- nd- p°- mt\\m Iqhmt\\m D≈ Hcp coXn-bmhpw kwPm-X-am-Ip-I. HmWm-tLm-j- ߃s°-¶nepw {]tXyI {]mkw-Kn-Icpw apJym-Xn-Yn-I-fp-ambn aXm- [n-]-sc-b√ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv. Ah-scbpw km[m-c-W-°m-cmbn HmW- Øn¬ h∂p kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xn-\\mbn kzmKXw sNøp-I. HmW-Øn- s\\-¶nepw aXm-[n-jvTnX k¶p-NnX Nn¥ ssIsh-Sn™v F√m ae-bm- fn-Ifpw Hcp-a-tbmsS HmW-am-tLm-jn-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. ssZh-Øn- \\p-≈Xv ssZh-Øn\\pw kok-dn-\\p-≈Xv kok-dn\\pw F∂ ss__nƒ hN\\w A\\p-kva-cn-°p-I. 130

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Bcm-[-\\m-e-b-ß-fn¬ HmW-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-ambn Hcp Znhkw ]c-º-cm-KX thj-Øn¬ hcp-∂tXm HmWw Biw-kn-°p-∂tXm Hcev]w HmW-∏m-bkw hnf-ºp-∂tXm A√ ChnsS hnh-£. sX‰n-≤- cn-°-cpXv ChnsS hnh-£n-°p-∂Xv hnhn[ aX-ÿ-cp-ambn Hcn-°-se- ¶nepw Htc thZn-bn¬ HØp-Iq-Sm\\pw HmWw BtLm-jn-°m-\\p≈ kμ¿`ß- sf XnI®pw Hgnh- m°- ns- °m≠v HmWmt- Lmj- Ø- ns‚ ]q¿Æ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Bcm-[-\\m-e-b-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s\\-bmWv Cu teJ-I≥ FXn¿°p-∂-Xpw. HmW-sa-¶nepw tZhm-e-b-߃ F√m aX- ÿ¿°p-ambn hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp-IqtS F∂mWv tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp- t]mse B BtLm-j-Øn-se-¶nepw ]utcm-lnXy CS-s]-Sepw ta[m- hn-Xzhpw Hgn-hm-°n-°qsS F∂mWv tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv. Ata-cn-°-bnse hnhn[ HmWm-tLm-j-ß-fn-epsS \\S-Ønb Hm´-{]-Z-£n-W-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ \\S-Ønb Hc-h-tem-I-\\hpw hni- Ie- \\- hpw hneb- nc- pØ- e- pa- mWv ChnsS \\SØ- nb- nc- n°- p∂- X- v. \\njv]£ Nn¥m-K-Xn-tbmsS \\S-Ønb Cu hnl-K-ho-£Ww ChnsS ]q¿Æ-am- Ip-∂n-√m-sb-∂p-IqsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\\m-{K-ln-°p-∂p. 131

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä sNdpI- Y Hcp Ncn{- X]- T- \\w tSmw hncn-∏≥ ]¶p-h-bv°¬ kmaq-ly-Po-hn-bmb a\\p-jys‚ ASn-ÿm\\ LSI- -ß-fn¬ s]Sp∂- p. km[\\- k- m-a{- Kn-If- pt- Sbpw tkh-\\ß- -fp-tSbpw am{X-a-√, [nj-Wm-hym-]m-c-Øns‚ _u≤n-I-k-ºØpw am\\-knI`mh- ß-fpsS kuμ-cym-fl-I-X-e-ßfpw Cu ]¶p-h-bv∏n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. `mjsb am[y-a-am°n Pohn-XsØ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-I-bmWv kmlnXyw. sNdp-I-Y-bm-I-s´, Xmc-X-tay\\ sshIn-am{Xw cq]w-sIm≠ kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fn¬ H∂p-am-Wv. a‰p kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fp-tS-Xp-t]mse \"sNm¬IY'IfmWv sNdp-I-Y-I-fp-sSbpw `qan-Ibpw D¤-h-tI-{μ-hpw. A®-Sn-b-{¥-Øns‚ I≠p-]n-SpØw ]{X-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ B\\p-Im- enI am[y-a-߃ DS-se-Sp-°p-hm≥ Imc-W-am-bn. km[m-c-W-°m¿ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ henb hmb-\\m-k-aq-lsØ BI¿jn®p F∂p-≈-Xp- sIm≠v ]pXp-am-[y-a-߃°v Ah-bpsS ÿe-]-cn-an-Xn°v A\\p-tbm- Py-am-b-Xpw, hmb-\\m-k-aq-l-Øn\\v kzoIm-cy-am-b-Xp-amb Hcp kmln- Xyc- q]- Ø- n\\- mbn \\SØ- nb ]cn{- ia- a- mWv \"sNdpI- Y'bpsS D¤h- Ø- n¬ Iem-in-®Xv F∂p-]-d-bmw. sNm¬I-Y-I-fn¬ \\n∂pw sNdp-I-Y-bn-te- °p≈ hf¿®-bv°n-S-bn¬ IY-bpsS ]q¿Δ-cq-]-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-tØ- ≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]g-b-\\n-b-aw, thZ-߃, D]-\\n-j-Øp-Iƒ, ]©X{¥- IY- I- ƒ, Cutkm∏p IYI- ƒ XpSß- nb- h F√mwX- s∂ IYb- psS BZn- cq]- ß- f- mW- v. F.k- n. hm¿Uv F∂ ]finX- ≥ A`n{- ]mb- s- ∏´- Xv sNdnb IY-I-fpsS D]-⁄m-Xmhv tbip-{InkvXp BsW-∂m-Wv. sP{^n-tbm-k-dpsS \"Ims‚≥_dn sSbn¬kpw' Pntbm-h\\n s_m°m-®n-tbm-bpsS \"sU°m-a-d¬' IY-I-fp-sams° Cu cwKsØ BZy-am-Xr-I-bmbn ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1984˛¬ {]kn-≤o-cn® Ata-cn- °≥ kmlnX- y-]fi- nX- s‚ \"^ntemk- ^n Hm^v tjm¿´v tÃmdn' F∂ 132

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä {KŸØnemWv \"tjm¿´v tÃmdn' F∂ hm°v BZy-ambn {]tbm-Kn- ®Xv. bqtdm-∏nepw Ata-cn-°-bn-ep-amWv IYm-km-ln-Xy-Øn\\v XpS- °-Øn¬Øs∂ {]Npc {]Nmcw e`n®- X- v. hmjnw-MvS¨ C¿hn≥, \\Ym- \\n-b¬ ^mtØm¨, FUvK¿ Ae≥t]m, Hm{_n-b¿, sl‚n sPbnw- kv, Awt{_mkv _ntb-gvkv, PmIv-e-≠≥, Nmƒkv t{_mIv-k¨ XpS- ßn-b-h-cmWv Ata-cn-°≥ kmln-Xy-Ønse BZy-Ime sNdp-I-Ym-Ir- Øp-°ƒ. Hm sl≥{Sn, B≥tU-gvk¨, sl¿a≥ sa¬hn≥, am¿°v sSzbn≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ F°m-e-sØbpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Ata-cn-°≥ sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-Øp-°-fm-Wv. S¿P-\\o-hv, ZkvtXm-hvkvIn, amIvknw tKm¿°n, \\nt°m-fmkv sekvtIm-hv, entbm-tSmƒtÃm-bv, Bs‚¨ sNt°m-hv, Cbm≥_p- \\n¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv BZy-Ime djy≥ IYm-Ir-Øp-°ƒ. tKmYnIv IY-I-fmWv {_n´-\\n¬ BZyw {]kn-≤o-I-cn® sNdp- I-Y-Iƒ. B¿X¿ tIm\\≥, hmƒ´¿ kvtIm´v, F®v.Pn. sh¬kv, tIm¨dm-Uv, Nmƒkv Un°≥kv, BZy-Im-esØ {]kn≤ IYm-Ir- Øp-I-fmWv. Ch-sc-Øp-S¿∂v Pn.-sI. sNtÿ´¨, ImX-dn≥ am≥kv^o¬Uv, ]n.-Pn. hpUvlukv XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Cw•ojv IYm-km- ln-XysØ kº-∂-am-°n. sls‚-n®v thm¨ ¢oÃv, {Knw ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿, C.-Sn.-F. tlm^vam≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv {]ap-J-cmb P¿Ω≥ IYm-km-ln-Xy- Ønse BZy-Ime {]ap-J¿. amUw se ^mb-‰v, Nmƒkv s]tdm, _¬km-°v, KosY, tam∏-kmMv XpS-ßn-b-h¿ {^©v kmln-Xy-tem- IsØ BZy-Ime IYm-Ir-Øp-°ƒ BWv. sls‚dn temk¨ (Hm- kvt{S-en-b), Km¿knb sUte{S (C-‰-en) s^¿Wmt≠m s]tkm (t]m¿®pK- ok- v) A{_lmw hmƒUnt- ema- ¿(s- ]d- p) XpSß- nb- h- cpw BZy- Im-esØ {it≤-b-cmb sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-Øp-°-fm-Wv. cho-{μ-\\mYv SmtKmdpw ap≥jn t{]wN-μp-amWv BZy-Im-esØ C¥y≥ IYm-Ir-Øp-I-fn¬ {]ap-J¿. D¿±p kmln-Xy-Ønse {]ap-J≥ kmZØv lk≥ amt‚m Bbn-cp-∂p. 1891˛¬ hnZym-hn-t\\m-Zn-\\n-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® thß-bn¬ Ip™n-cm-a≥\\m-b-\\mcpsS \"hmk-\\m-hn-IrXn-'bmWv ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ sNdp-I-Y-bmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. tIc-f-h¿Ω hen-b- tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm≥, kn.-F-kv. tKm]m-e-]-Wn-°¿, HSp-hn¬ Ip™n-Ir- 133

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä jvW-ta-t\\m≥, AºmSn \\mcm-b-W-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ, aq¿t°mØv Ipam- c≥, sI. kpIp-am-c≥ XpS-ßnb kmln-Xy-I-Ym-Ir-Øp-°ƒ BZy-Ime ae-bmf sNdp-IYm kmln-XysØ apt∂m´p \\bn-®-h-cm-Wv. sNdp-I-Ybv°v k¿Δ-cmepw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp \\n¿Δ- N\\w Cs√-∂p≈ ]fin-X-aXw Hcp-]t£ hntcm-[m-`mkambn tXm∂n- tb-°mw. Ahy-‡hpw A\\-h-cXw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp {]IrX- a- mI- b- m¬ sNdpI- Y- sb \\n¿ΔN- n°- pI Ffp∏- a- s- √∂- mWv kmln- Xy-ssk-≤m-¥n-I-\\mb Fw.-C. t_K-kns‚ A`n-{]m-bw. Imc-Ww, \\nb- X-amb Hcp \\n¿Δ-N-\\-Øn-\\p-≈n¬ sNdp-I-Y-bpsS kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j- X-Isf Xfbv-°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂ hmZ-K-Xn-bmWv At±lw apt∂m-´p- h-bv°p-∂-Xv. Ata-cn-°≥ Fgp-Øp-Im-c\\pw sNdp-IYm {]ÿm-\\-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-°-fn¬ Hcm-fp-amb FUvK¿ Ae≥t]m kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv IY-bpsS ]q¿Δ-\\n-›n-X-amb cq]-`m-h-ßsf l\\n-°p∂ Hcp hm°p- t]mepw D]t- bm-Kn°- c- pXv F∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ IYbv°v Hcp XpS-°hpw HSp-°hpw ths≠∂pw AXv Hcp \"Pohn-X-No¥v' am{X-am-sW∂pw ]d- ™p-sIm≠v sNtJmhv Xs‚ IY-I-fpSw A¥y-`m-h-ßsf hmb-\\-°m- cs‚ \"at\\m-[¿Ω'ßfpsS `mK-am-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ Ab-hp-≈-Xmbn am‰p-∂Xpw {it≤-b-am-Wv. entbm tSmƒtÃm-bn-bpsS \"sFhm≥ C√n-®ns‚ acWw' F∂ IYbv°v kmam\\yw hen-∏-ap≈ Hcp t\\mh-ens‚ ssZ¿Ly-ap-s≠- ¶nepw sNdp-I-Y-bpsS apJy-k-hn-ti-j-X-Ifmb kw£n-]vX-Xbpw `mh- Xo{- hX- bpwsIm≠v AXv sNdpI- Y- b- mbn ]cnK- W- n°- ms- a∂- mWv ]fin- X-a-Xw. IY -]-d-®n¬ P\\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ Db¿∂ cq]-ß-fm-Wv. Db¿∂ ]uc-t_m-[hpw P\\m-[n-]-Xy-t_m-[-hp-ap≈ kzX-{¥-cm-Py-ß- fmWv Hmtcm IY-I-fpw. kzX-{¥-cmb a\\p-jy¿, Pohn-X-Øn-em-bmepw IY-bn-em-bmepw bp‡n-]q¿Δw kwkm-cn-°-W-sa∂pw s]cp-am-d-W-sa- ∂p-an-√. Aßs\\ B{K-ln°mw; ]t£ I≠p-ap-´-W-sa-∂n-√. AXp- sIm≠v Pohn-Xhpw IYbpw Akw-_-‘-߃ ]d-bm\\pw Fgp-Xm\\pw IqSn-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. 134

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä amdp∂ kaql- Ø- n¬ aeb- mf- n°v ÿmbnbmb am‰a- pt≠m? F.-kn. tPm¿÷v tKmfm-¥c kaq-l-Øns‚ `mK-amb ae-bm-fn°pw kmº-Øn- I, kmaq-ly-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI Pohn-X-cw-K-ß-fn-se√mw kztZ-iØpw hntZ-iØpw ÿmbn-bmb t£a-I-chpw Imtem-Nn-X-hp-amb Hcp am‰w Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-™n-´pt≠m? ]nd∂ \\m´n¬ sXmgn-en-√m-sX, D≈ sXmgn¬ sNømsX XnÆ-\\n-cßn tXcm-]mc \\S∂v sImSn-]n-Sn-°m\\pw kaq-l-Øn¬ k¿Δ-hn[ £p{Z-X-bpsS hnj-hmbp Xp∏m\\pw hy{KX ImWn-°p∂ Hcp-]‰w ae-bmfn tIcfw hn´m¬ {]tXy-In®p hntZ-i- sØ-Øn-bm¬ Hm¥ns‚ \\ndw amdp∂ amXncn PohnX Nn¥m-K-Xn-bn¬ ÿmbn-bmb Hcp XIn-Sw-a-dn-®n¬ \\S-Øp-∂p. As√-¶n¬ B XIn-Sw- a-dn-®n-en\\p \\n¿_-‘n-X-cm-Ip-∂p. \\m´n¬ h®p sNøm≥ Ad∏p {]I- Sn∏- n®- nc- p∂- t- Xm, Al¥- s- Imt≠m Zpc`- na- m\\w sImt≠m Gs‰S- p°- m≥ hnap-JX {]Z¿in-∏n-®n-cp-∂tXm Bb F¥p sXmgn¬sN-øm\\pw hntZ- i-sØ-Øp∂ ae-bmfn kZm Xøm-dm-Wv. Kƒ^n-se-Øn-bm¬ Fcn-]n- cn-bmb Np´p-s]m-≈p∂ shbn-en¬ aW¬ hmcm\\pw Ad-_n-bpsS H´- I-Øns\\ tabv°m\\pw AXns‚ ]n≠hpw ImjvThpw hmcn Xe-bn¬ Npa-°m\\pw Xøm-dm-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bn-se-Øn-bm¬ tKmh-Wn-I-fn¬ tIdn-\\n∂v t{Kmkdn ASp-°m\\pw s]dp-°m\\pw \\nc-Øm\\pw h≠n X≈m\\pw GX-h-k-c-Ønepw Bcp-sSbpw ]rjvTw XpS-bv°m\\pw Xøm- dm-Wv. hntZ-i-sØ-Øn-bm¬ F√m sXmgn-en\\pw am\\y-X-bm-bn, A¥-  m-bn. ChnsS ae-bm-fn°v hfsc {Inbm-fl-I-am-b, t]mkn-‰o-hm-b, ÿmbn-bmb Hcp am‰w kw`hn-°p-∂p. Ch¿ \\m´n-em-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ ]Xn-s\\m∂v aWn°v Hm^o-kn¬ Ib-dn, Itk-c-bn¬ IpØn-bn-cp∂v kn\\nam hmcn-I-Ifpw ss]¶n-fn-°-Y-Ifpw hmbn®v t{]a-Øn-s‚bpw t{]a-`w-K-ß-fp-sSbpw sse\\-Sn®v ASn-°Sn Nmbbpw tam¥n s]mXp-P- 135

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä \\-ß-fpsS Ioi-bn¬ \\n∂v ssI°qen samØ-ambpw Nn√-d-bmbpw hmßn, sXmgn¬ sNøm-Xn-cn-°m-\\p-≈, ^b¬ \\oßm-Xn-cn-°m-\\p≈ Ah-Imi iº-fhpw Inº-fhpw hmßn k¿°m-cn-s\\bpw \\nIp-Xn-Zm- bI- s- cbpw t]m°‰- S- n°- p∂ Hcp tPmenb- n¬ Ipd™- s- Xm∂pw sNøm≥ Xøm-dp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂n-s√-t∂m¿°-Ww. kztZ-in-I-fmb e£-°-W- °n\\v sXmgn-en-√mØ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ Hcp-hn[w kq{X-Øn¬ PohnXw Zp -l-ambn X≈n-\\o-°p∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ D≈ sXmgn¬ sNøm≥ Bfn- √msX Xan-gv\\m-´n¬ \\n∂pw _w•m-tZ-in¬ \\n∂pw F¥p sXmgn¬ sNøm\\pw Xø-dm-Ip-∂ F{X e£w sXmgn-em-fn-I-fmWv C∂p ]Wn- sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Øn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ _w•m-tZin-I-fp-sSbpw Xan-g-cp-sSbpw Atd-_y≥ Kƒ^pw, Ata-cn-°-bpw, P¿Ω-\\nbpw, Im\\- U-bp-sams°-b-mWn∂v tIc-fw. tIcfw hn´v CXc kwÿm-\\-tØm, hntZ-itØm FØn-s∏-Sp∂ ae-bm-fn°v tIc-f-Øn-\\-IØp h®p-Xs∂ ÿmbn-bmb sXmgn-en-t\\m-Sp≈ at\\m-`mham‰-sa∂ A¤p-X-{]-Xn- `mkw kw`-hn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F{X \\∂m-bn-cp-∂p. tIcfw hn´m¬ ae-bm-fn-°p-≠m-Ip∂ ASpØ am‰w kz¥w aXhpw `mjbpw kwkvIm-chpw hf¿Øm\\pw Du´n-bp-d-∏n-°m-\\pap≈ hy{K-X-bm-Wv. Ipd-s®√mw AXp \\√-Xp-X-s∂. ImcWw h∂ hgn ad- °-cp-X-t√m. Xe-a-d∂v FÆ tXbv°-cp-X-t√m. Nne¿°v sIm®p-tI- cfw A∏msS s]m°n-sb-SpØv Xe-bn-te‰n Cu Ggmw-I-S-en-\\-°sc AtX-]Sn {]Xn-jvTn-°-W-sa∂ Zp¿hm-in-bm-Wv. CXv Aev]w IS∂ssIøt√? tIcf- hpw tIcf kwkvImc- hpw thWw. H∂pw A[n- I-am-I-cp-Xv. A[n-I-am-bm¬ AarXpw hnjw Xs∂-bm-W-t√m. IpSn- tbd- nb Cu ]pWy`- qa- nb- n¬ XnI®pw thdn´p \\n¬°msX Ipd-s®ms° Ata-cn-°≥ Akn-an-te-j≥ hfsc t]mkn-‰o-hmb Af-hn¬ Bhiyw X∂-bm-Wv. F¥n\\pw GXn\\pw Hcp ka-Xp-enX kao-]-\\-am-W-mh-iyw. tIcfw hn´ Nne¿°v Ah¿ tIc-f-Øn¬ ]pe¿Øm-Xn-cp∂ AanX aXs- sNX- \\- yhpw `mjmk- vt\\l- hpw tIcf kmwkvImc- nI AXn- {]u-Vnbpw tIdn, Xe-bvs°m-cp-am-Xncn {UKv ASn®v aØp-]n-Sn® amXncn tIcf sN≠, a±-fw, tNß-e, Np´n, IY-I-fn, `c-X-\\m-Syw, Xp≈¬, tIcf cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-I-fpsS Hmh¿kokv {_m©p-Iƒ, kwL-S-\\-Iƒ, hmin-tbdnb sXc-s™-Sp-∏v, IpXn-Im¬sh-´v, Imep- hm-c¬, Imep-am-‰w, ]nf-cp-t¥mdpw hf-c¬, hf-cp-t¥mdpw ]nf-c¬, sXmgp-Øn¬IpØv Hs°-bmbn Imep-sh¥ \\mbv°-fpsS amXncn s\\t´m-´-am-bn. C{Xbpw CsX√mw A\\-`n-aX tIcf X\\n-bm-h¿Ø-\\- 136

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä ß-ft√? tIc-f-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ]≈n-bp-sStbm Aº-e-Øn- s‚tbm XnÆ-t]mepw Nhn-´mØ Nne¿ hntZ-i-sØ-Øn-bm¬ ]ns∂ ]c-a-`‡ intcm-a-Wn-I-fmbn ]≈n-°q-´-ß-fpw, t£{X-k-an-Xn-Ifpw a’-cn®p kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]≈n-I-fp-sSbpw Aº-e-ß-fp-sSbpw aXn- te¬ tIdn Infn¿°p-∂p. ImX-emb aX-X-Øz-ßsf ]Tn-°m-sX, {]tbm-Kn-°m-sX˛ shdpw D]-cn-π-h-ßfpw tIf-Øn¬t]mepw s]mfn- ™Xpw Imel- c- W- s- ∏´- Xpw apcS- n®- X- pa- mb B aXh- ni- zmk- ß- s- fbpw Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-sfbpw apdp-sI-∏n-Sn®v kaq-l-Øn¬ F¥n-\\p-ta-Xn\\pw aX- kv]¿≤bpw hntZzj- hpw aXa- ue- nI- X- bpw hf¿Øn aeb- mf- nI- sf XΩn- e-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ipsd-°m-e-ambn ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS kmaq-ly-kw-L-S-\\-I- sf-°mƒ CΩm-Xncn hn`m-KoX aX-au-enI {]ÿm-\\-ß-fmWv Chn-S- ß-fn-se√mw Icp-Øm¿÷n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. km∑m¿§n-I-hpw, Bflo-b-hp-amb a\\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn\\v Bh-iy-amb aX-Nn-¥-Ifpw kZvam¿§-ßfpw G‰w Bhiyw Xs∂-bm-Wv. {]tXy-In®v Ata-cn-°-bn-se-Ønb ae-bm-fn°v ÿmbn-bmb F¥p am‰-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. IqSp-X¬ ]Ww In´p∂ \\√ sXmgn-ep-≈-h-scbpw \\√ hoSp-≈-h-scbpw \\√ hml-\\-ß-fp-≈-h-scbpw IqSp-X¬ ]W-°m-scbpw ae-bm-fn-Iƒ IqSp- X-embn am\\n-°p-∂p. ae-bm-fn-bpsS `mh-\\-bn¬ Ah¿°v IqSp-X¬ am\\y-X-bp-≠v. ]t£ Hcp icm-icn Ata-cn-°-°m-c≥ henb iºfw ]‰p∂ sXmgn¬°m-c-t\\m, ]W-°m-c-t\\m, aWn-am-fnI D≈-h-t\\m, hne- ]n-Sn-∏p≈ hml-\\-ap-≈-ht\\m ae-bmfn sImSp-°p-∂-Xns‚ \\qdn-sem- ∂p-t]mepw ÿm\\-tam, _lp-a-Xntbm sImSp-°p-∂n-√. icm-icn Ata- cn-°\\v ]W-ap-≈-h\\pw C√m-Ø-h\\pw XΩn¬ HØncn hyXym-k-ß-fn- √. Ah≥ At\\ym\\yw t]cp hnfn-°p-∂p, CS-]-g-Ip-∂p, shdpw kplr- Øp-°-sf-t∏mse kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ae-bmfn ]W-°m-cs\\ ImWp-tºmƒ ChnsS BZ-c-kq-N-I-ambn \\Sphp hf-bv°p-∂p. Ccn-∏n- S-Øn¬\\n∂v Fgp-t∂¬°p-∂p.... kmsd∂p hnfn-°m≥ \\mhp-b¿Øp- ∂p... henb sXmgn¬°m-c-\\pw, tbmKy\\pw ]W-°m-c-\\p-amb ae-bmfn a‰p Xmgv∂ thX\\w hmßp∂ ae-bm-fn-Isf shdpw B∏-Ifpw Du∏- I-fp-ambn ImWp-∂p. ]W-°m-cmb a‰p Nne¿ D≈n-en-√mØ Ffn-abpw ssZ\\y-Xbpw \\Sn®v Nmcn-‰n°v Hcp sk‚p-t]mepw \\¬ImsX `n£- °ms- c°- mƒ I„m¬I„- X- c- a- mbn Zmcn{- Zyt- hZ- \\ A\\p`- h- n°- p∂- h- c- mbn kZm \\Sn-°p-∂p... Ic-bp-∂p... ImWn-°m-\\mbn Ic-bp-∂p. ae-bm-fn-I-fn¬ Hcp \\√ hn`m-K-Øn\\v X߃ temI-Ønse 137

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä G‰hpw ap¥n-b, Db¿∂ Hcp am\\hh¿§-am-sW∂ Nn¥-bp-≠v. Nne¿ hfsc ]p—-ambn hoSn-\\-IØpw ]pdØpw kaq-l-Ønepw Chn-sS-bp≈ IdpØ- h- wi- P- c- mb B{^n°- ≥ Atac- n°- °- ms- c∏- ‰n kwkmc- n°- p∂- Xp ImWmw. Xß-fpsS Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS Ip´n-I-fp-ambn Iq´p-Iq-Sm-t\\m, Ah-cpsS ASpØv hoSp-hm-ßmt\\m Nne ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°p Xm¬]-cy- an-√. IdpØ ]md-°-√ns‚ \\nd-ap≈ Idp-I-dpØ ae-bm-fnbpw Xß- sf-°mƒ \\qdp-a-Sßv shfp∏pw AgIpw BIm-c-ku-jvT-h-hp-ap-ff B{^n°- ≥ Atac- n°- s- \\t- ∏mepw hfsc ]p—a- mb- n, Adt- ∏msS kwkm- cß- f- n¬ ]cma- ¿in°- p∂- Xv Fs¥mcp hntcm[- m`- mk- a- mW- v. AtX Ah- k-c-Øn¬ FbvUvkv _m[n-X-s\\-t∏mse tXm∂p∂ Nne shfp-Ø- h¿§-°msc ImWp-tºmƒ \\s´-√p-h-f®v BZ-c-]q¿Δw Iq\\n Ahsc tXmfn-te-‰p-∂Xpw ImWmw. sXmen-bpsS \\ndw a\\p-jys\\ th¿Xn-cn®v hne Iev]n-°p∂ Nn¥m-KXn a\\p-jy-\\n¬ \\n∂p amd-Ww. sFXn-lm- kn-I-amb Idp-Ø-h-cpsS kl-\\-k-a-c-Øn-eqsSbmWn-hnsS kzmX-{¥y- hpw, ka-Xz-hpw, thm´-h-Im-i-hpw, IpSn-tb‰ \\nb-a-ßfpw D≠m-b-sX∂ Imcyw Idp-Ø-hsc ]p—n-°p∂ ae-bmfn ad-°p-∂p. am¿´n≥ eqY¿Inw- Kv, am¬°w FIvkv XpS-ßnb At\\Iw B{^n-°≥ Ata-cn-°-°m- cpsS [otcm-Nn-X-amb sNdp-Øp-\\n¬∏pw, Ah-cp-sS-sbms° Hmtcm Xp≈n tNmcbpw hnb¿∏p-amWv C∂v Cu B[p-\\nI Ata-cn-°sb IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cmb \\Ωƒ°p-th≠n k÷-am-°n-b-sX∂ A\\n-tj[y kXyw B{^n-°≥ Ata-cn-°-°msc ]p—-Øns‚ a™-°-Æm-Sn-sh®p t\\m°p∂ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ a\\- n-em-°-Ww. Hcp icm-icn Bwt•m-km-Ivk≥ shfpØ Ata-cn-°s‚ apºn¬ ae-bm-fn-I-fmb \\Ωƒ shdpw Xhn-´p-\\n-d-Øn-ep≈ hntZ-in-I- fm-sW∂pw B{^n-°≥ Ata-cn-°-°m-sc-°mƒ Xmtg-°n-S-bn-ep-≈-h- cm-sW∂pw ]e¿s°-¶nepw ]e Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw sXfn-hm-bn-´p-≠m- I-Ww. 138

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä IYm]- m{X k¶e]v w tPm¨ amXyp AºXp h¿j-߃°p tijw Rm≥ Fs‚ \\m´n≥]p-d- tØ°v aS-ßn-s®√p∂p-sh∂v Icp-Xp-I. Ign-™-Ime IY-Iƒ tIƒ°m≥ Bsc-bmWv kao-]n-°pI? C∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]gb kplr-Øp-°sf, At√? B IY-Iƒ ]d-bm≥ Hcp IYm-]m-{XsØ kr„n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶ntem? hr≤-\\mb Hcmsf AWn-bn-s®m-cp°n cwKØp sIm≠ph- c- p∂- p. Cßs- \\b- p≈ IYm]- m{- Xß- f- ne- qsS ]db- p∂ IY-Iƒ°v Ah-km-\\-an-√. F\\n°v Gsd C„-s∏´ Hcp IYm-]m-{X-amWv \"Kn√n-K≥kv sFe‚n'se s{]m^k- ¿. s{]m^k- ¿°v Adnb- m≥ taemØ Hcp hnj- b-hp-an-√. as‰mcp IYm-]m{Xw Fkv.-sI. s]m‰-°m-Sns‚ \"Hcp tZi- Øns‚ IY'bnse thep-aq-∏¿. sXmÆqdp IS∂ thep-aq-∏-cn-eqsS Ign™ Ime-Øns‚ IY Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p. ChnsS IYm-]m-{X- Øns‚ Adn-hn\\pw Hm¿Ωbv°pw hmNm-e-Xbv°pw ISn-™m-Wn-√. IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS as‰mcp temI-Øn-te°p hcmw. tPm¿÷v ]©-a≥ N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS Hcp {]Xna Rm≥ C∂pw Hm¿°p-∂p. ap∂nse he-Xp-Im¬ Db¿∂v aS-ßn, ]n∂nse CSXp Imen¬ i‡n tiJ-cn®v IpXn-∏n\\p \\n¬°p∂ IpXn-c, IpXn-c-∏p-dØv N{I-h¿Øn. kqcy-\\-kvX-an-°mØ km{am-Py-Øns‚ Xe-h\\p tN¿∂ _lp-aXn! bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \\n∂v F{Xtbm `oam-Im-c-amWv Cu Nn{Xw. At±lw cmPm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw F√m `mh-t`-Z-ß-fp-ap≈ a\\p- jy-\\p-am-Wv. B Zznap-J-amWv Iem-Im-c≥ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS km[m-cW a\\p-jy-s\\-∂m¬ s]m°-Ønepw BIm-c-Øn-epw, ]ns∂ ASn-ÿm-\\-]-c-amb am\\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bp-≈-h≥. ]t£, cmPm-hns‚ Nph∂ c‡w \"\\oe'bmbn am‰p∂ hnZy Iem-Im-c\\v hi-am-Wv, AXv Ahs‚ am{¥n-IX! 139

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä AX-hnsS \\n¬°-s´. Hcp Znhkw A∂sØ k¿°m¿ \\n›- bn®p C\\n ]©-as‚ {]Xna AhnsS th≠m-sb-∂v. ]Icw almflm Km‘n! kuay-\\m-b, GXm≠v A©Sn A©n©v am{Xw Db-c-ap-≠m- bn-cp∂ almflm Km‘n. apt∂m´v hSn-bq∂n IpXn-°m≥ ImØp- \\n¬°p∂p! Iem-Im-cs‚ Zr„n-bn¬ At±lw km[m-cW a\\p-jy-\\- √. B Nn{XoI- c- W- hpw \\ΩpsS a\\ - n¬ kr„n°- s- ∏S- p∂ bmYm¿∞y- Øn¬ \\n∂v Atº Db-c-Øn-ep≈ bmYm¿∞yw! ]d™- ph- c- p∂- Xv Iemk- r„n hmkvXh- nI- X- b- pa- mbn F{Xtbm AI-se-bm-sW∂v Ac-ßn¬ Pohn®p F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Ft¥m ]¥nt- ISv, At√? kXy-Øn¬\\n∂v amdpt- ºm-gmtWm AXv kXy-sa∂v \\msams° ]d-bpI? ss__nƒ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn-te°v hcmw. A{_-lmw, bmt°m- _v, tamk-kv, ZmhoZv Ch-sc√mw amXrIm kr„n-IƒX-s∂. F¶nepw \"tamkkn's‚ hf¿® {i≤n-°p-I, ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn hf-cp-∂p. Ah-km\\w ss__nƒ kμ¿`-ß-fn¬\\n∂v kn\\n-a-bn-te°v h∂v km£m¬ \"ssZh'ambn amdp-∂p tamkkv! inev]-ß-fpsS cmP-Io-b-Xz-ap≈ \"ZmhoZn's\\bpw ad-°p-∂n-√. Iuamcw Ign-™n-´n-√mØ \\njv°-f-¶- X, ZrV-\\n-›-bw. AtX Ah-k-c-Øn¬ im¥w, kuayw! ChnsSbpw IhW ]nt∂m-s´-¶nepw e£yw apt∂m-´p-Xs∂! hen-sbmcp BJym- bn-I-bn¬, Ncn-{X-Øn¬, ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\\-°mƒ F{Xtbm A[nIw IY-Iƒ ssa°nfm©-tem-bpsS B inev]-Øn¬ hmbn°mw! Ign-s™mcp Znhkw tUmŒ-dpsS Hm^o-kn¬ ImØn-cn-°p- I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Nph-cn¬ Xq°n-bn-cn-°p∂ Nn{X-Øn-te°v Fs‚ {i≤- Xn-cn-™p. aW¬∏-c-∏v, Ip‰n-s®-Sn-Iƒ, AkvX-a\\ kqcys‚ {]`! apƒs®-Sn-Ifpw AXn-\\-Sn-bnse Nph∂ s]m´p-t]m-se-bp≈ Im´p-]q- °-fpw, Ch bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. ]t£, Iem-Im-cs‚ Ic-hn-cpXv \\nd- °q-´n-eqsS Chn-sS-sbmcp kz]v\\-tem-Iw, ambm-temIwXs∂ kr„n- ®n-cn-°p-∂p. \\ΩpsS N¿®-I-fn-se√mw IYm-]m-{X-kr„n Fß-s\\-bmWv ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-SpI: \"hyXy-kvXw, hy‡nXzw' Cßs\\ c≠p hm°n¬ \\ncq-]-Whpw Bkzm-Z-\\hpw Ah-km-\\n-°p-∂p. Iem-kr„n AXv inev]tam FgptØm hctbm F¥p-am-Is´ tIhe PohnXw ]I¿Ø-e-√, Hcp ]pXnb kr„n-bm-Wv. bmYm¿∞y- Øn¬\\n∂v taemWv \\mS-Iob kμ¿`-߃. `mh-߃ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°- s∏S- W- s- a¶- n¬ IYm]- m{- Xß- f- psS temIw hnime- a- mb- nc- n°- W- w. GXp 140

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Iemc- q]- hpw \\mSI- ob- a- mb- nc- n°- W- w. Nn{Xß- ƒ Dƒs∏s- S, \"\\mSI- m¥w IhnXzw' F∂m-Wt√m sNm√v! Ccp-]Xmw \\q‰m-≠ns‚ lotdm BWv tlmƒU≥ tImƒ^o¬Uv. Iuamc FXn¿∏ns‚ {]Xo-Iw. {]t£m-`-Øn-s‚bpw tZjy-Øns- ‚bpw kzcq-]w. ASn-®-a¿Øs- ∏´- h- ≥, Nn¥m°- pg- -∏°- m-c≥, DXvIWvTbp-≈-h≥, a¿°-S-ap-„n-°m-c≥, £n{]-tIm-]n, _l-f-°m-c≥. \\mbI k¶ev] IYm-]m-{X-ß-sf-t∏mse D∂-X-ß-fn-te°v ]nSn-®p- tI-dp-∂-h-t\\-b√ tlmƒU≥. tlmƒU≥ tImƒ^¬Uns‚ GI-tZi amXr-I-bn¬ kr„n- °-s∏-´-XmWv H.-hn. hnP-bs‚ chn. hnP-b-Øn-te°v \\bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ amXrIm ]pcp-j-∑m-c√ Ch¿. {i≤n-°pI BJym-bn-I-bn¬ H∏n-sb-Sp- Øn-cn-°p∂ kz`mh sshhn-[y-߃. F∂m¬ hgntb tIdn-h∂v A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip∂ IYm-]m-{X- ߃ Fß-s\\-bmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I. \"\"GXm≠v Aº-Øn-b©v hb- v, ÿqe ico-cw, s]m°-an-√, Ij≠n Ib-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p, hbdpw Xqßn, apdn-°-ø≥ j¿´pw, Hcp tZl-fi-°m-cs‚ cq]w.'' CXv IY- bnse DS-\\of IYm-]m{Xw Bbn-cn-°-bn-√. \\mb-Is\\ Cßs\\ Nn{Xo- I-cn-t°≠ Bh-iy-an-√. Abmƒ kzbw cq]-s∏´p hcn-I-bm-Wv. Fs‚Xs∂ Hcp IYm]- m{- XØ- nt- e°v \"\"Ip‰nØ- mS- n, sNhnb- n¬ ISp-°≥, Igp-Øn¬°qSn XpS¬t]mse ]e aSßv Ccpºv sNbn≥, ssIØ-≠-bn¬ Ccpºp hf-b-ß-fpw.'' ASn-aØw C\\nbpw Ah-km-\\n-®n-s√∂v ]d-bp∂ Bt{^m-˛- A-ta-cn-°≥ hwi-P-\\mb tUm¨. Hcp P\\-X-bpsS D≈ns‚ D≈nse samØw Nn¥. GXm\\pw hm°p-If- n¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb- n-cn-°p∂ Nn{Xw. H‰-s∏´ IYm-]m-{X-߃ hf¿∂p hcp-∂-h-c-√, BJym-bn-Im-Im-cs‚ ISa GXm\\pw hm°p-I-fn-eqsS, hc-I-fn-eqsS _rl-Ømb Bibw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. IYI- -fnse am{Xa- √- , \"ZnhyI- Y'Ifn-sebpw \\mbI- -∑m¿ Hcmƒ Xs∂tbm? B amXrIm \\mbI- ∑- m¿ Nn{XoI- c- n°- s- ∏´- X- pt- ]mse Pohn- ®n-cp-∂-h-tcm, Iq´n-t®¿°-s∏-´tXm, AtXm XpS¿°-Y-Itfm? Aß- s\\b- p≈- h- ¿ B kaql- Ø- ns‚ PohnX- c- oX- nb- psS {]XoI- ß- tfm? IYm- ]m{X kr„n-bpsS hi-Øp-\\n∂v A]-{K-Yn-°p-tºmƒ CXp icn-sb- ∂p-X-s∂-bmWv F\\n°v tXm∂p-∂-Xv. IYm]- m{- Xß- ƒ°v cm£k- ob- c- q]- a- mW- v. kaql- Ø- ns‚ cm£- ko-b-cq-]w. Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥, Nn{X-Im-c≥, \\S-∑m¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ kr„n- 141

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä °p-∂Xv henb a\\p-jy-sc-bm-Wv. Ah¿ kaq-l-Øns‚ `mh-Øn-s‚, Nn¥-bpsS, Bi-¶-bpsS BI-am\\ {]Xn-\\n-[n-Ifpw! 142

]qt¥m-´-Øn¬ \\n∂v Hcp-]n-Sn-]q-°ƒ Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä -am-Xyp s\\√n-°p∂v t\\mh¬ kmlnX- yw˛aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bv°-Sp-Øp≈ hmg-°pfw {Kma-Øn¬ 1943 ¬ P\\n- Nne \\nco£- W- ß- ƒ®p. hmg-°p-fØv {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\\p-tijw aqhm-‰p-]pg \\n¿Ωem tImtf-Pn¬ \\n∂pw _n.tImw _ncpZw t\\Sn. tImtfPv ]T\\ ImeØp Xasm∂XypIse\\-b√nen-°pw pk∂mvln-Xy-Ønepw B`n-ap-Jy-ap- ≠m-bn. _ncpZw t\\Sn-b-tijw tPmen-sN-bvXp. 1974 ¬ Ata-cn-°- abensb- emf- aØ- n®n-Kns¨e BtÃZy‰nt-s\\em-Øhe- n.pI- ]s- n∂f°- oSvpd- An®hv An-sSe-\\v]n∂s- apwm∂sXp Xmgnnc¬n- ™p-t\\mk-°w_mw.‘LammbXn-I\\-hyqt-[bwm, ¿I°pμn-te-e-°-X,v. CAt∏Imv_ƒ ¿s,SICvkμmp-tken¬-J., siSImcvk-Z,m- am¿Øm-fikns-he¿BΩ bFn-c∂-°n-hW-b-°mWmbv BaeZ-by-Im-fmne-I-ftp\\-sSm-hI-e-ep-Im-kƒm.-ls{n]-Xmy^m-`n-k-cpN¿n Xpº-a¨hft¿XØman-k-sbns-S‚p-°\"apIe-bFmf∂t\\em£h-ey-tnsØ‚mtshS clp-IqÃ'-WFns∂e {PKzŸmem- Øn¬ LBmX¿S-Ivk-hn-\\[pww,BtIWcfv BssZdy-t\\‰gmvk-h¬v t^Fm∂d-Øv kn\\ap¿w∞cqn]-°wp-∂\\¬p-≠Ivn.. \"Ipμ-e-X\"s-'b^mmW°v mB\\mZ' yAt\\S-°mh-a¬p≈Fk∂wc[wm-`c-ß-W-fbpsv°S kv DPeo-®hn¬kXw-´Ln. mL-S-Im-\\Xm- - I-h[w tb\\n.mhtI¬cf186s4s˛d¬t‰hgvknZyv mt-k^wm-{dK-Ølnws‚amk{]kn-In-b-Un¬‚pwh\"∂`mjp. 1-t8I87c˛f¬w' Ipμe- X- bkpmwl18n8X9˛y¬{]Ckμn-≤pt- oe-IJ- -c-Wbp-Øw 18ns91‚˛¬]a{Xm¿m-[Øn-]m-cfi- p-amWh- ¿v ΩCtb∏pmwƒ{]. Xkncn- - ≤o-I-cn-®°p. pIƒ°n-S-bn¬Øs∂ t\\mh-ep-Ifpw IYIfpw cNn-®p. Ct∏mƒ Flq¥Ã-Wm-bn¬n-cp∂\\n∂p apwe{-b]mkfn-≤t\\o-Imh-cn--e°nsp∂‚ tX\\p¿S°-°m-ØgvNn\\hv oI°mnc-e-Wn-b-apsmS- bXv? A]X{nX\\mp-[snh]≈khapnwXhn fAhwpwK\\w.¬lIqnÃb¨]c\\n-XS-ÿ∂ ns-X^n-Imƒ°mF-\\s-b¥psmS- s°-bmWkv?mlhnniXy-Z-aIm¨b hHoc-\\p -d]m-bT\\n-cwp-∂Cp.u hnj-b-Øn¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. t\\mhe¬`nF® ∂]pck-kmvIlm-cn-X-ßy-cƒq]: Pw ns.-kshvamt-cZI-iAn-Ih-amm¿-sUWv ∂(199v 8k), ΩcP-X\\n-n °-Ww. `ammck-XnIobAt\\hmmh¿U¬v `(9m2c)-X, {o]bhImkYnm-kkmml-K-cnX-Øy n]¬pc\\-kn∂vImpcwwh(∂200-X8)-, √. Cw•Aojºv mkSnmlamkn-XnyI-Ø]np¬c-k\\vIn∂mcpww (\\20m1w7),BPhzmem-lPn-s\\®-I-SobpØkImwekmvI-cqm- - ]-amWv scNnIdpt-Ih-YZn, G]pcI-km-¶vIwm,c\\w m(2S0-I04w), `kmhwk-IvIm-hmcywA, khml¿Un-Xv (y2-h00n8-a),¿tiI\\cwf F∂o ksmsldtn‰-Xgyvk-cqv -]t^-ßmdƒw. A]mh›m¿mUXv y(1k990w)k, svIm√-c-hw-Pp-a\\m-I-bopb≈Ikhn-Xºm¿-th°Z-n Øm¬ tA\\hmhm¿-eUn-sv ‚(2b010pw), aa‰ep-bImfen mk-cqa-]o£-ß-fAp-shSbm¿pUw hv (f20¿17®),bsv°Imv SAp-]\\p∂p- Iq-e-ambkvaAmc¥I -Aco£hm¿wUCv (1h99n6s),ShnktZw-iP-am-e-X-b-amfm-bn kn.mlAn-Xßy-tsh\\Zn A\\Ωhmp¿sUS v kmlnXyw hf¿®-bpsS ]mX-bn¬ apt∂-dn. tIc-f-Øn¬ Cw•o-jv, t]m¿1®4p6-Ko-kv, U®v, P¿Ω≥, C‰m-en- b≥, {^©v kwkvImc- ß- f- psS A[n\\- nt- hiw D≠mb- n. Chb- n¬ Cw•o- jv, t]m¿®p-Ko-kv, P¿Ω≥ kzm[o\\w IqSp-X-embn D≠m-bn. 1599˛¬ DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kq\\-l-tZmkv t]m¿®p-Kokv B[n-]Xy 143

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-hsc \\{km-Wn-Ifpw lnμp-°fpw kmaq-ly-\\- S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ henb hyXymkw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kq\\-l- tZm-kn-\\p-tijw ss{IkvX-h-cpsS BNm-c-߃°v am‰w-h-∂p. Abn- Øs- Øbpw A‘h- ni- zk- ß- s- fbpw \\ncp’- ml- s- ∏S- pØ- n. a\\pj- y\\- n¬ bp‡n-t_m[w IqSp-X-embn hf¿∂p-h-∂p. ]cn-h¿Ø-\\-ß-fpsS shfn®w hoin-Øp-S-ßn. tIc-f-Ønse XmW-h¿§-Øn-ep≈ kv{XoIƒ°v amdp-a-d-bv°m≥ t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ A\\p-hmZw \\¬In. ]n∂oSv Cw•o-jp-Im¿ C¥ysb Iog-S°n `cn-®p. Cw•ojv kwkvImcw `mc-Xob kwkvIm-csØ kzm[o-\\n-®p. ae-bmf t\\mh- en\\v Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-Øns‚ t{]cW i‡-am-Wv. ]pXnb Nn¥- Ifpw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw ae-bm-fnsb thdn´p Nn¥n-°p-hm≥ hgn-sbm- cp-°n. Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ IS-∂p-I-b‰w CXn-s\\√mw hgn- sbm-cp-°n. `mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ \\thm-∞m\\w Bcw-`n-®p. ]ZysØ At]-£n®v KZyw bp‡n-t_m-[-Øn\\v IqSp-X¬ Du∂¬ \\¬In. hnZy, {_m“-W-cpsS IpØI-bm-bn-cp∂ Hcp Ime- Øv Cw•ojv hnZym`- ymkw anjW- d- na- m¿ F√mh- ¿°pw \\¬In. P∑nXzw a\\pjy kzmX-{¥y-Øn\\v im]-am-bn-cp-∂p. anj-W-dn-am-cpsS {]h¿Ø- \\-߃ P\\-ßsf {]_p-≤-cm-°n. tIc-f-Øn¬ A®-Sn-im-e-Ifpw {]kn- ≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn. kv{XoIƒ hnZy A`y-kn®p; tPmen-I-fn¬ {]th-in-®p. ]pkvX-I-߃ hmbn-°p-Ibpw kzX-{¥-ambn Nn¥n-°p- Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp a≤y-h¿§w tIc-f-Øn¬ D≠m-bn. ^yqU-en-k- Øns‚ XI¿®-tbmsS Im∏n-‰-enkw i‡n-{]m-]n-®p. \\K-c-ß-fn-te°v P\\w \\oßn-Øp-S-ßn. P∑nXzw XI¿∂-tXmsS a¿±nX hn`m-K-߃ kzX-{¥-cm-bn. lyqsa-\\n-k-Øn\\pw bp‡n°pw {]m[m\\yw h∂p. hy‡n kzX-{¥-\\m-Wv, AX-hs‚ P∑m-h-Im-i-am-Wv. P∑nXzw {ItaW P\\m- [n]- X- yØ- n\\pw apXe- mf- nØ- Ø- n\\pw hgna- md- ns- °mS- pØ- p. CSØ- c- °- m¿ i‡n-{]m-]n-®-tXmsS ]Zy-Øn¬ \\n∂pw kmlnXyw KZy-Øn-te°v IS- ∂p. Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-Øn¬ KZyw hnI-kn-®Xpw t\\mh¬ {]i-kvX- am-bXpw ]Xn-s\\´mw \\q‰m-≠n-em-Wv. bp‡n°pw `mh-\\bv°pw Xpey- ÿm\\w Iev]n-°p∂ kmln-Xy-cq-]-amWv t\\mh¬. sdmam≥kns‚ A¤p-X-c-khpw, dnb-en-k-Øns‚ hna¿i-\\m-fl-I-Xbpw t\\mh-en¬ ImWmw. Hcp IY As√-¶n¬ Hcp sNdnb kw`hw sNdp-I-Y-bm-Ip- tºmƒ, t\\mh¬ Hcp \\o≠-I-Y-bm-bn-cn-°pw. IrXy-ambn Nn´-s∏-Sp- 144

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Ønb ]Z-߃sIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv sNdp-I-Y. t\\mh¬ _rl- Ømb kw`-h-ß-fpsS tNcp-h-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿∂ at\\m-l-c-amb CXn- lm-k-am-bn-cn-°pw. At\\Iw A≤ym-b-ß-fn-eqsS Hcp-]t£ Hcp Xe- ap-d-bpsS IY AXn¬ It≠-°mw. At\\Iw h¿j-ß-fpsS, kw`-h- ß-fpsS Nn{Xo-I-c-W-߃sIm≠v \\nd™ Hcp henb Iym≥hm-kmWv t\\mh-en-\\p-≈-Xv. hmb-\\-°m-cp-ambn Cgp-In-t®-cm\\pw IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS hf¿®- bn¬ ]¶p-tN-cm\\pw t\\mh-en-Ãn\\p km[n-°pw. Npcp-°-Øn¬ hnIm- k-]-cn-Wm-a-߃ kw`-hn-°p∂ Hcp IY Xs∂-bmWv t\\mh¬. AXns‚ hnIm-k-Øn¬ G‰p-ap-´-ep-Ifpw (conflict) {]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw (crisis) Hcp Xo¿∏pw (resolution) D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. aqey-hn-a¿i-\\-amWv t\\mh-ens‚ ASn-Ø-d. kmln-Xy-Im-cs‚ \\nco-£Ww bmYm¿∞y- ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°-Ww. t\\mh-enepw A¤p-X-c-k-߃°v Hcp-]-cn-[n-hsc ÿm\\-ap-≠v. ]t£ \\nin-X-amb _p≤n AXns\\ \\nb-{¥n-°-W-sa∂p am{Xw. t\\mh¬ dnb-en-k-Øns‚ kr„n-bm-sW∂ hmZw Hcp ]cn-[n- hsc icnb- mW- v. AXp bmYm¿∞yß- f- pa- mbn _‘s- ∏´v bp‡n`- {- Zhpw hna¿i-\\m-fl-Ihpw BI-W-sa∂p am{Xw. AtX-k-abw t\\mh¬ `mh- kp-μ-chpw `mh-\\m-kp-c-`n-ehpw Imhym-fl-I-hp-am-Wv. t\\mh-ens‚ Bflmhv `mhp-I-Xzam-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ ASn-Ød dnb-en-k-amWv. sZ°m¿Ø-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ ChnsS Hm¿Ωn-°p∂p: \"Rm≥ Nn¥n- °p∂p; AXn-\\m¬ Rm≥ D≠v. 145

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä hm¿≤Iyw Hcp im]tam t]Snk- z]- \\v tam? s]mt∂men F√m a\\p-jycpw Pohn-X-km-bm-”-Øn¬ hm¿≤Iyw XcWw sNtø-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. hm¿≤-Iy-Øn-te°p Imep-Ip-Øp-∂ ]pcp-j- ∑mcpw kv{XoIfpw Ah-cpsS `mhn-sb-°p-dn®v BImw-£m-`-cn-X-cm-Wv. kmº-Øn-Iw, Btcm-Kyw, GIm-¥X Aßs\\ ]e {]iv\\-ß-tfbpw Ah¿ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n hcp-∂p. hr≤-cm-b-h¿°v ]e Imcy- ߃°pw a‰p≈- h- sc B{ib- nt- °≠n hcp∂- p. ]et- ∏mgpw Ah¿ Ah- K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p am{X-a-√, ]e Nqj-W-߃°pw Ip‰-Ir-Xy- ߃°pw Cc-I-fm-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hm¿≤-Iy-Øn-te°p IS-°p-tºmƒ acWw ASp-Øp-h-cp∂p F∂p≈ Nn¥ ]e-tcbpw Akz-ÿ-cm-°p- ∂p. hm¿≤Iyw Hcp t]Sn-kz-]v\\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AtX-k-abw kaq-l-Øn¬ hr≤-cpsS FÆw h¿≤n-®p-h-cn-I- bm-Wv. Ahsc kwc-£n-t°-≠Xpw BZ-cn-t°-≠Xpw kaq-l-Øns‚ ISa- b- mW- v. AXp am\\h- k- wk- vImc- Ø- ns‚ `mKa- mWv F∂p \\mw hnkva- cn-°p-∂p. hr≤-kw-c-£Ww Hcp kmaq-ly-{]-iv\\-ambn amdp-∂p. hm¿≤Iyw F∂m¬ F¥v? hm¿≤-Iy-{]-iv\\-߃ Fßs\\ t\\cn-Smw. hr≤-sc, {]tXy-In®v \\ncm-ew-_-cm-b-hsc Fßs\\ kwc- £n°mw F∂p≈ hnj-b-ß-fpsS Hcp A]-{K-Y-\\-Øn\\mWv ChnsS {ian-°p-∂-Xv. hy‡n-I-fpsS hm¿≤-Iy-{]-iv\\-߃, hm¿≤Iyw Hcp kmaq-ly-{]iv\\w F∂p c≠p `mK-ß-fm-bn-´mWv Cu hnjbw Cu teJ-\\-Øn¬ hni-I-e\\w sNøp-∂-Xv. -˛ 1 ˛ hy‡nbpw hm¿≤-Iyhpw hm¿≤Iyw Fßs\\ t\\cnSmw F∂-XmWv Hmtcm hy‡n-bp- tSbpw ap∂n-ep≈ {]iv\\w. 146

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä hm¿≤Iyw F∂m¬ F¥v? Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Adp-]-Øn-bmdv hb p Ign-™-hsc C∂v apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m-cmbn IW-°m-°p-∂p. C¥y-bn¬ AXv Adp-]Xv hb- m-Wv. F¶nepw Cu {]mb-]-cn-[n-°-∏pdw Btcm-Ky-an-√mØ Ah- ÿ-sb-bmWv \\Ωƒ hm¿≤Iyw F∂p hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. saUn-°¬ kb≥kns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-sIm≠v Pohn-X-\\n-e-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ a\\p-jym-bp- ns‚ ssZ¿Lyw IqSp-∂p. C∂v F¨]Xp hb- p-h- sctbm sXmÆqdv hb- p-h-sctbm Pohn-®n-cn-°m≥ henb {]iv\\-an- √. \\q‰n-∏Øv hb- p-hsc a\\p-jys‚ Pohn-X-Imew \\o´n-s°m-≠p-t]m- Im≥ C∂p saUn-°¬ kb≥kn\\p Ign-bpw. Po≥ FUn‰nwKv, Ir{Xna a\\p-jym-h-b-h-ß-fpsS \\n¿ΩmWw F∂nh CXn-\\p-]-I-cn-°p∂ FSp- Øp-]-d-tb≠ kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fm-Wv. Adp-]Xv hb- n¬ tPmen- bn¬ \\n∂p hnc-an-°p-∂-h¿°v in„-Imew ^e-{]-Z-ambn kabw sNe- h-gn-°m\\pw hcp-am\\w Dd-∏m-°m\\pw tPmen-Iƒ Is≠-tØ-≠n-bn-cn- °p∂- p. C∂v sXmÆqdv hb - ph- sc Pohn°- p∂ Hcmƒ A≥]Xph¿jw AXm-bXv Fgp-]-Øn-b©v hb- p-hsc tPmen sNbvsX-¶nte in„- Imew a‰p-≈-hsc B{i-bn-°msX Pohn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q F∂p IW°- m°- mw. P∏m\\- n¬ \\qdp hb v Ign™- h- cpw tPmensNøp- ∂Xv \\Ωsf B›-cy-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\\-߃ Btcm-Ky-amWv hm¿≤-Iy-Ønse G‰hpw {][m\\ {]iv\\w. IÆns‚ ImgvN-i-‡n, sNhn-bpsS tIƒhn-°p-d-hv, F√p-I-fpsS _e- £b- w, ]√pI- f- psS sImgn®- n¬, tPmbn‚pI- f- psS thZ\\- , c‡k- Ω- ¿±w, lrZtv- cmK- w, izmkt- Imi XS - ß- ƒ, \\S°- m\\- p≈ _p≤na- p´- v, {]talw, InUv\\nI- f- psS AkpJ- w, Bami- b- k- w_- ‘- a- mb AkpJ- ß- ƒ, Kply- tcm-K-߃, Iym≥k¿ Aßs\\ ]e hm¿≤-Iy-k-l-P-amb Akp-J- ßfpw hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. A¬jn-ta-gvkv, ]m¿°n≥k¨kv F∂n-ß-s\\-bp≈ Xe-t®m-dns\\ _m[n-°p∂ Akp-J-ßfpw hm¿≤- Iy-Øn¬ I≠p-h-cp-∂p. C∂v F√m tcmK-߃°pw NnIn’ e`y-am-Wv. Akp-J-߃°v A\\p-tbm-Py-amb NnIn’ tXtS-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. C∂v C¥y- bnepw tIc-f-Ønepw aƒ´n-kvs]-jym-en‰n tlmkv]n-‰-ep-Iƒ Ds≠- ¶nepw Ah km[m-c-W-°m¿°v A{]m-]y-am-Wv. F√m hnt√-Pp-I-fnepw ss{]a-dn-sI-b¿ sk‚-dp-Iƒ D≠m-tI-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. 147

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e\\w Akp-J-߃ Hgn-hm°n BtcmKyw ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xn-emWv \\Ωƒ {i≤t- I{- μoI- c- nt- °≠- X- v. Zn\\w{- ]X- nb- p≈ hymbmaw As√¶- n¬ \\S-Øw, `£-W-{I-aw, Dd-°w, hn{i-aw, a\\- ns‚ ]ncn-ap-dp-°-߃°v Ab-hp-h-cp-Øm-\\p≈ tbmK, kulr-Z-kw-`m-j-W-߃, Xam-i-Iƒ, kwKo-Xw, aXm-\\p-jvTm-\\-߃ As√-¶n¬ IrXy-amb Zn\\-N-cy-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw BtcmKyw kwc-£n-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw. Imem-\\p-kr-X-amb Btcm-Ky-hn-e-bn-cp-ج As√-¶n¬ sl¬Øv sN°v-A∏v ico-c-Øn\\pw IÆp-Iƒ°pw ]√p-Iƒ°pw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. ªUv sSÃv, FIvkv td, Ckn-Pn, FwB¿sF apX- emb sSÃp-Iƒ tcmK-ßsf Bcw-`-Øn¬Øs∂ I≠p-]n-Sn-°m\\pw NnIn-’n-°m\\pw BtcmKyw \\ne-\\n¿Øm\\pw klm-bn-°pw. `£-W-{Iaw hm¿≤-Iy-Øn¬ BtcmKyw kwc-£n-°m≥ `£-W-{I-a-Øn\\p {][m\\ ]¶p-≠v. P∏m-\\n¬ sXmÆqdphb p Ign-™-h¿ Ccp-]Xp e£w Bƒ°m-tcmfw D≠v. Ah-cpsS `£-W-co-Xn-bn¬ {Ko≥ So, tkmbm-_o≥kv, tkmbv an¬°v, tSm^p, ]®-°-dn-Iƒ, a’y-hn-`-h- ߃, kpjn apX-em-bh Dƒs∏-Spw. tImÃm-dn-°-bnse \\ntImb t{]mhn≥knepw \\qdphb p Ign- ™-h¿ Gsd-bm-Wv. Ah-cpsS efn-X-amb Pohn-X-coXn, `£-Ww, B≤ym-fln-IX apX-em-bh Ah-cpsS Btcm-Ky-c-l-ky-Øns‚ `mK- am-Wv. Ah¿ `£n-°p-∂Xv tNmdv, ªm°v _o≥kv, tSm¿Sn-bm, ]®-°- dn, ap´, ]gß- ƒ apXe- mb- h- b- mW- v. {]IrX- nb- pa- mbn CgpI- nt- N¿∂v Pohn- Xw, imco-cn-I-amb {]h¿Ø-\\-ß-fn¬ XpS¿®-bmbn G¿s∏´v A≤zm- \\-Po-hnXw \\bn-°p∂ Ah¿ BtcmKyw \\ne-\\n¿Øp-∂p. Um≥ _ypSvs\\¿ \"Zn ªyq tkm¨kv' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Pohn-°p-∂-hsc Bkv]-Z-am°n Zo¿L-Imew Pohn- °p-∂-Xns‚ cl-ky-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. kmº-ØnI`{ZX hm¿≤-Iy-Øn¬ kmº-Øn-I-`-{Z-X-bn-s√-¶n¬ _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ Gsd-bm-Wv. an\\naw kmaq-ly-kp-c-£bv°v kz¥-am-bn-s´mcp hoSv, `£- W-Øn\\pw ssZ\\w-Zn\\ sNe-hp-Iƒ°pw th≠n-h-cp∂ ]W-Øn\\p _m¶v tkhnwKvkv AYhm \\o°n-bn-cp-∏v, s]≥j≥, A\\yq-bn‰n (hm¿jnI thX-\\w), a‰p hcp-am\\am¿§-߃ F∂nh hm¿≤-Iy-Øn¬ 148

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä kmº-Øn-I-`-{ZX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ Bh-iy-am-Wv. tkmjy¬ skIyq- cn‰n s]≥j≥, saUn-sI-b¿ F∂nh Ata-cn-°-bn¬ kmaq-ly-kp- c£bpw hm¿≤-Iy-Ime kmº-Øn-I-`-{Z-Xbpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ klm- bn-°p-∂p. Adp-]Xv hb- n¬ tPmen-bn¬ \\n∂pw hnc-an-°p-∂-h¿°v Bh- iy-Øn\\v tkhnwKvkv (\\o-°n-bn-cp-∏v) Cs√-¶n¬ in„-Imew kabw sNe-h-gn-°m\\pw hcp-am-\\-Øn\\pw tPmen-Iƒ Is≠-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p- ∂p. tPmen Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h¿°v kabw Fßs\\ sNe-h-gn-°Ww F∂p≈ {]iv\\w DZn-°p-∂p. GIm-¥X hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ Hcp Xocm-im-]-amWv GIm-¥-Xbpw hnc-k-X- bpw. tPmenb- n-√msX kabw sNe-hg- n-°p∂- Xv Fßs\\ F∂ tNmZyw DZn-°p-∂p. Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnc-k-X-bn¬ \\n∂pw tamN\\w t\\Sm≥ BtcmKyw D≈n-S-tØmfw Imew kzX-{¥-amb tPmen-bntem _nkn- \\- ntem G¿s∏´v kabw sNe-h-gn-°p-∂Xv \\√-Xm-Wv. ]t£ hm¿≤- Iy-Imew IqSp-X¬ hn{i-a-Øn\\pw PohnXw Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\\pw D]- tbm-K-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]pkvX-I-߃ hmbn-°p-I, Fgp-Xm≥ Ign-hp-≈-h¿ Fgp-Xp-I, ]Tn-∏n-°p-I, kplr-Øp-°-tfmSpw IpSpw-_mw- K-ß-tfm-Spw-IqSn IqSp-X¬ kabw sNe-h-gn-°p-I, kmaqly kmwkvIm- cnI cwK-ß-fnepw thmf‚dn k¿ho-kn\\pw kabw Is≠-Øp-I, D√m- k-bm{X sNøp-I, kz¥-ambn Hcp _nkn-\\ v sNøpI XpS-ßn-b-h- sb√mw kabw ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-sa∂p Icp- Xmw. A`n-cp-Nn-°-\\p-k-cn®p a\\- n-\\n-W-ßnb hnt\\m-Z-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm-\\p≈ ka-b-am-Wn-Xv. tPmen tXSp-∂-Xn\\p ]Icw a‰p-≈- h¿°v tPmen sImSp°- p∂ kwc`- ß- ƒ XpSßn \\SØ- p∂- X- mWv hm¿≤- Iy-Øn¬ A`n-Im-ayw. hn¬]{Xw ]e IpSpw-_-ß-fnepw ktlm-Z-c-߃ XΩn-epw, hnhm-l-tam- N\\w t\\Snb `mcym-`¿Øm-°-∑m¿ XΩnepw a°ƒ XΩnepw kzØn- \\p-th-≠n-bp≈ X¿°w-aqew hm¿≤-Iy-Po-hnXw Ae-t¶m-e-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. ÿmh-c-Pw-Ka kzØp-Iƒ IrXy-ambn tcJ-s∏-SpØn Hcp hn¬]-{X- Øn-eqsS th≠-s∏-´-h¿°v hoXn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øm¬ hm¿≤-Iy-Po-hnXw kam-[m-\\-]-c-ambn Xocpw. kzØv IqSp-X-ep-≈-h¿ Ah-cpsS kzØv kaq-l-Øn\\v D]-I-cn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ Hcp {SÃn-tet°m at‰m ssIam- 149

Nn{Xw-h-c-bv¡p¶ taL-§Ä dp-∂-XmWv \\√-Xv. hmd≥ _^-‰v, _n¬ tK‰vkv, C¥y-bn¬ Sm‰m Ch- cpsS {]hr-Øn-Iƒ A\\p-I-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. acWw P\\n-®m¬ acn-°Ww F∂p-≈Xv AJn-enX \\nb-a-am-Wv. \"InS- °msX acn-°-Ww. acn®p InS-°-cpXv' F∂p tUm. _m_p-t]mƒ ]d- ™Xv hfsc A¿∞-K¿`-am-Wv. acWw ap≥Iq¿ t\\m´okv Xcm-dn-√. Pohn-Xm¥yw Ft∏mƒ Fßs\\ F∂pw B¿°pw Adn-bn-√. ]ecpw AkpJw _m[n-®v, a‰p Nne¿ A]-S-Øn¬ As√-¶n¬ A{I-a-Ønt\\m sIme-]m-X-I-Øn-\\n-c- bmbn bm{X ]d-bp-∂p. Nne¿ kzbw kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn\\p hncm-a-an- Sp-∂p. C∂p bqØ-t\\-knb As√-¶n¬ Imcp-Wy-h[w Ata-cn-°-bnse Nne kwÿm-\\ßfn¬ \\nb-a-]-c-ambn A\\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. bqtdm-∏nepw CXp A\\p-h-Z-\\o-b-am-Wv. Cu ASpØImeØv ]Xn-t\\gv hb- p≈ Hcp s]¨Ip´n ]Xn- \\mev hb- n¬ _em-’w-K-Øn\\v Cc-bm-b-Xns‚ am\\-knI kwL-´- \\-ß-fn¬ \\n∂v ap‡n t\\Sm≥ km[n-°msX bqØ-t\\jy hgn kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn\\p hncm-a-an-´p. shdpwI- t- ømsS h∂p shdpw- It- ømsS t]mIpt- ºmƒ \\mw F¥p- t\\Sn F∂-Xn-t\\-°m-fp-]cn \\mw F¥p \\¬In F∂p≈ tNmZy-Øn- \\mWv {]k-‡n. Cu temI-tØmSpw Pohn-X-tØmSpw Fs∂-¶nepw bm{X ]d-tb≠nhcpw F∂p≈ Nn¥ Pohn-X-Øn\\p A¿∞hpw hym]vXnbpw \\¬Ip-∂p. Ãohv tPm_vkv F∂pw cmhnse IÆm-Sn°p apºn¬ \\n∂v C∂p Xs‚ Ah-km-\\sØ Znh-k-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ GsX√mw Imcy-߃°p {]m[m\\yw sImSp-°-W-sa∂v kzbw-tNm-Zn®v DØcw Is≠-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ˛2˛ hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-h-i-߃ hr≤-cpsS kwJy IqSp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w hr≤¿ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏- Sp-I-bm-Wv F∂-XmWp kXyw. Ah¿°v Btcm-Ky-kw-c-£-Ww, NnIn- ’, tPmen, kmº-Øn-I-k-lmbw, `£-Ww, ]m∏n-Sw F∂nh Dd-∏p- h-cp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ahsc Nqj-W-ß-fn¬ \\n∂pw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß- fn¬ \\n∂pw kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. 150