World War II (1)

World War II (1939-1945)

The main factors of World War II1.The problems left unsolved by World War I• The Versailles Treaty - Germany sets up a republican government in 1919. (Weimar Government) - Germans turn to support the National Socialist party (Nazi Party).

• The League of Nations This organization has no international police system (the U.S did not join the league, and the organization gradually grew weaker)• Attempts at Disarmament The Geneva conference : France refused to disarm until an international police system could be established. The conference ended in failure. Adolf Hitler withdraws Germany from the League of Nations (1933).

• Nationalism Some countries faced additional problems of nationalism from the minorities within their borders. For example, Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia : Germans people

2. The Rise of Dictatorships Dictatorship developed during 1920’s-1930’s and destroyed democratic rights.

2.1 Communism in Russia (November,1917) - Lenin : the Communist Party The government seized all types of private property. It outlawed all political parties other than its own – The Communist party

2.2 Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini - The Fascist Party (1919) - Prime minister of Italy in (1922)

2.3 Nazism in Germany - Adolf Hitler : The National Socialist Party or Nazi Party came to power in 1933.

January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany

2.4 Militarism in Japan- Japanese military introduces national slogan “Bringing the Eight Corners of the World Under One Roof”

3. The desire of Germany, Italy, and Japan for more territory 3.1Manchuria - Japan attacks Manchuria of China : natural resources League of Nation did nothing but condemn Japan formally.

3.2 SpainSpanish Civil War: • Germany helped the rebel forces (Francisco Franco) • Russia helped the Spanish Loyalists • Historians call this civil war “The testing ground of WW II”

3.3 Czechoslovakia - Germany attacks the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. Hitler promised that the Sudetenland was “the last territorial claim I have to make in Europe” - Germany signs contract with Japan to oppose Communism then Italy joins with this group. (the Axis)**o*nThSeepttreigmgbeerirn1g,1ev9e3n9t. is Germany attacks Poland

The United States joined with World War II as the member of The Allies because Japanese military attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941.

• The United States joined with Great Britain, and the Soviet Union.• The Big Three consisted of Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin.

• “Manhattan Project” was produced new weapons that based on principles of physics.• Scientists produced two nuclear bombs.

• On August 6th,1945, U.S.A. dropped the first nuclear bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.

• On August 9th, 1945, U.S.A. dropped the second nuclear bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.

• On August 10th , 1945, representatives of the Japanese government signed the formal surrender ending World War II.• The Failure of the League of Nations.

Result of World War II. 1. Power shift : England and France lose their place as superpowers. The U.S and The Soviet Union emerged as superpower 2. Establishment of the United Nations Goal was to keep world peace and promote cooperation among nations