ReformationCounter Reformation

Reformation andCounter-reformation

 The Reformation or Protestant Reformation:  a religious movement which started in Western Europe  led to a great revolt against catholic church and abandonment of the principal Christian beliefs.

The Sparkling Event or the main cause Pope Leo X ordered to sell a large number of indulgences (pardon for sin) throughout Europe to repair St.Peter’s Church in Rome.

Martin Luther (German priest) Martin Luther criticized the selling of indulgences and posted Ninety- five Theses (or principles) on his church door. Ninety-five Theses rejected many of the papacy’s practices. Luther challenged to the papal hierarchy and to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

 He moved to Saxony, Germany. Fredrick of Saxony protected him from Catholic church. Luther translated Bible into German language and established new sect of Christianity (German Church or Lutheran Church). Lutheranism stressed on justification by faith alone.

 “The Peace of Augsburg” was the agreement to allow German princes to select their religions either Catholicism or Lutheranism. Lutheranism spread to the German-speaking countries.

Calvinism Calvinism appeared in Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, Scotland and England. Predestination

The Church of England King Henry VIII established Church of England or Anglicanism.

 He was the only supreme head of the church in England. Queen Elizabeth I approved that Head of Church of England was appointed by the English monarch.

 The Catholics call any groups who break away and form new Christian groups “Protestant.”1. Lutheranism: Germany – Martin Luther2. Calvinism: Switzerland – John Calvin3. Anglican Church: England King Henry VIII

The Counter Reformation or CatholicReformation  The Counter-Reformation refers to reaction of the Roman Catholic Church against the Protestant Movement. The strongest proponents were Pope Paul III and his three successors.

 Pope Paul III Pope Paul III’s masterpieces 1. Establishment of the Council of Trent (refusal of Protestant’s books and approval of the basic Catholic’s doctrines)

2. Approval of “The Jesuit Order” or “The society of Jesus” - The founder was Ignatius Loyola.3. Publication of Index of Prohibited Books : Catholic would be forbidden to read.4. Establishment of Roman Inquisition (investigation of Catholic church)