DG_BOOK

["drawbacks of CSS: - With CSS, what works with one browser might not always work with another. The web developersneed to test for compatibility, running the program across multiple browsers. - After making the changes we need to confirm the compatibility if they appear. The similar changeeffects on all the browsers. - Browser compatibility (some styles sheets are supported, and some are not). 51","JavaScript 52","2.5 JavaScript What Is JavaScript? [10] JavaScript is an open-source programming language designed for creating web- centric applications. It is lightweight and interpreted which makes it much faster than other languages and is integrated with HTML makingit easier to implement in web applications. JavaScript is a scripting language that is used to create and manage dynamic web pages, basically anything that moves on your screen without requiring you to refresh your browser. It can be anything from animated graphics to anautomatically generated Facebook timeline. Famously designed in 10 days, JavaScript has quite a mixed reputation among software developers. For a long time, JavaScript on the browser was only used to add extra enhancements to a page, such as inline form validation, or simple animations. This was partly because the JavaScript engines in the browser simply weren\u2019t fast enough to support complicatedoperations; although there were some early apps that did, they were highly tuned for performance and were therefore complicated tobuild. Google changed all this with the introduction of the V8 engine, which significantly speed up JavaScript and allowed for muchmore complex code to be introduced to the page. JavaScript Syntax The syntax of JavaScript is the set of rules that define a correctly structured JavaScript program.Basic Syntax: <script> document. write(\\\"Basic Print method in JavaScript\\\"); <\/script> 53","\/\/ Variable declarationvar c, d, e. \/\/ Assign value to the variablec = 5; \/\/ Computer value of variablesd = c; e = c\/d; JavaScript Variables: A JavaScript variable is the simple name of storage location where data to be stored. There are two types of variables in JavaScript which are listed below: \uf0b7 Local variables: Declare a variable inside of block or function. \uf0b7 Global variables: Declare a variable outside function or with a window object. JavaScript Operator: JavaScript operators are symbols that are used to compute the value or in other word we can perform operations on operands. Arithmetic operators ( +, -, *, \/ ) are used to compute the value and Assignment operator ( =, +=, %= ) are used to assign the values to variables. 54","Example: <script> \/\/ Variable Declarationsvar x, y, sum; \/\/ Assign value to the variablesx = 3; y = 23; \/\/ Use arithmetic operator to \/\/ add two numbers sum = x + y; document.write(sum); <\/scrip> Output: 26 55","Why JavaScript? JavaScript is an essential programming language, almost compulsory to learn for students or softwaredevelopers that are gravitated towards web development. Wondering why? Here\u2019s the answer: - Javascript is the most popular programming language in the world and that makes it a default choice forweb development. There are many frameworks available which you can use to create web applicationsonce you have learned JavaScript. - JavaScript offers lots of flexibility. You can create stunning and fast web applications withtons of customizations to provide users with the most relevant graphical user interface. - JavaScript is now also used in mobile app development, desktop app development, and gamedevelopment. This opens many possibilities for you as a Javascript developer. - Due to the high demand in the industry, there are tons of job growth opportunities and high pay forthose who know JavaScript. - The incredible thing about JavaScript is that you can find tons of frameworks and librariesalready developed, which can be used directly in web development. That reduces the development time and enhances the graphical user interface. 56","How are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript related? While HTML is a powerful language for building websites, it isn\u2019t enough to build a professional and fullyresponsive website. We can only use it to add text elements and create the structure of the content. However, HTML works extremely well with two other frontend languages: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and JavaScript.Together, they can achieve rich user experience and implement advanced functions. CSS is responsible for stylings such as background, colors, layouts, spacing, and animations. JavaScript lets you add dynamic functionality to your web page. JavaScript is the third layer of the layer cake of standard web technologies, the first two layers are HTML and CSS. JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn: 1. HTML to define the content of web pages. 2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages. 3. JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages. What is JavaScript used for? JavaScript is used in various fields from the web to servers, and here\u2019s a quick list of the significant areas it\u2019sused in: - Web Applications: JavaScript is used for adding interactivity and automation to websites. So, if you want your webapplication to be anything more than just a static page of contents, you\u2019ll probably need to do some \u201cJavaScript \u2018Ing.\u201d 57","\u2022 Mobile Applications: JavaScript isn\u2019t just for developing web applications; it is also used for developing applications for phones and tablets. With frameworks like React Native, you can develop full-fledged mobileapplications with all those fancy animations. \u2022 Back-end Web Development: JavaScript has traditionally been used for developing the front-end parts of a web application. However, with the introduction of NodeJS, a prevalent back-end JavaScript framework, things havechanged. And now, JavaScript is used for developing the back-end structure also. 58","Bootstrap 59","2.6 BootStrap What is the web framework? [13] Frameworks are powerful tools that can make a web developer\u2019s job easier. They provide a standardized set of design and development conventions that can be applied and modified for yourwebsite Frameworks take care of tasks like default browser settings, file structures, and layout templates for your website. This automation generates a uniform design for page elements like text, tables, forms, and buttons,amongst other things. Even complex navigation menus become standardized with frameworks as it can be consistently applied across your website with ease. Types of web framework There are many different kinds of this platform available for programmers. Typically, like a lot of things withinthis discipline can be split between frontend and backend development. Frontend frameworks As the name suggests, these are very helpful on the presentation side of the website, creating a good foundationfrom which to build pages. These frameworks combine HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to be really effective in creating conventions for various elements. Typically, frontend web developers use them in conjunction with other effective tools. 60","Bootstrap One of the most popular frameworks is Bootstrap, which was originally developed by Twitter to maintainconsistency in their interface development (created by former Twitter employees Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton). It\u2019s very polished and efficient and makes website development easier and faster. It has standardized conventions that are well recognized for HTML elements like buttons, alerts, forms, and typography. Bootstrap\u2019s primary objective is to create responsive, mobile-first websites. It ensures all interface elements of awebsite work optimally on all screen sizes. Essentially, Bootstrap saves you from writing lots of CSS code, giving you more time to spend on designingweb pages. It\u2019s also FREE! It\u2019s currently hosted on GitHub and can be downloaded easily from the official site. 61","Why bootstrap? Its responsive grid: No more spending hours coding your own grid\u2014Bootstrap comes with its own grid systempredefined. Now, you can get straight to filling your containers with content. Defining custom breakpoints for each column is a snap using their extra small, small, medium, large, and extra-large breaks. You can also simply stick to the default as it might already meet the needs of your site Its responsive images: Bootstrap comes with its own code for automatically resizing images based on the current screen size. Just add the. imp-responsive class to your images, and the predefined CSS rules take care ofthe rest. Let Bootstrap resize your images for you! It can even change the shape of your images with the addition of classes like imp-circle and img-rounded, andthat\u2019s without going back and forth between the code and your design software. Its components: Bootstrap comes with a whole barrelful of components you can easily tack onto your webpage, including: \uf0b7 Navigation bars \uf0b7 Dropdowns \uf0b7 Progress bars \uf0b7 Thumbnails 62","Not only is it a breeze to add eye-catching design elements to your webpage, you\u2019ll also be able to rest assuredknowing that every one of them will look great no matter the screen size or device used to view them. That\u2019s alot of ready-made functionality right at your fingertips. Its documentation: Bootstrap\u2019s documentation is some of the best we\u2019ve ever seen. Every piece of code isdescribed and explained in explicit detail on their website. Bootstrap provides documentation for developers who want to learn to use this framework for the first time.Here are several topics you can find on the Bootstrap documentation page: \uf0b7 Content \u2012 covers the precompiled Bootstrap source code. \uf0b7 Browsers and devices \u2012 list all the supported web and mobile browsers and mobile-based components. \uf0b7 JavaScript \u2012 breaks down various JS plugins built on jQuery. \uf0b7 Theming \u2012 explains built-in Sass variables for easier customization. \uf0b7 Tools \u2012 teaches you how to use Bootstrap\u2019s npm scripts for various actions. \uf0b7 Accessibility \u2012 covers Bootstrap\u2019s features and limitations regarding structural markup, components,color contrast, content visibility, and transition effects. Browser Compatibility: Making your website accessible via different browsers helps reduce the bounce rate and rank higher in search results. Bootstrap fulfills that requirement by being compatible withthe latest versions of popular browsers. 63","64","2.7 Back-End 2.7.1 Back-End definition In the computer world, the \\\"backend\\\" refers to any part of a website or software program that users do not see. It contrasts with the frontend, which refers to a program's or website's user interface. In programming terminology, the backend is the \\\"data access layer,\\\" while the frontend is the \\\"presentation layer.\\\" The backend is the infrastructure of the site, which mostly boils down to database engineering, which deals withvery important things, which are the dynamic content of the page, developing the page, dealing with servers, and improving the security of the site through many means. 2.7.2 Tasks of Back-End - processing an incoming webpage request - running a script (PHP, ASP, JSP, etc.) to generate HTML - accessing data, such as an article, from a database using an SQL queries - storing or updating records in a database - encrypting and decrypting data - handling file uploads and downloads - processing user input via JavaScript 65","2.7.3 Popular Backend Technologies: 1-PHP \/ My SQL \/ larvael PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages.PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. 2-C# \/ SQL Server \/ ASP.net ASP.NET Web Pages provide a fast, approachable, and lightweight way to combine server code with HTML to create dynamic web content. Connect to databases, add video, link to social networking sites, and include manymore features that help you create beautiful sites that conform to the latest web standards. 66","Python \/ PostgreSQL \/ django Django is a Python framework that makes it easier to create web sites using Python. Django takes care of the difficult stuff so that you can concentrate on building your web applications. Django emphasizes reusability of components, also referred to as DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself), and comes with ready-to-use features like login system, database connection and CRUD operations (Create Read UpdateDelete). 4-JAVA \/ any database \/ spring Spring Framework is a Java platform that provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing Java applications. Spring handles the infrastructure so you can focus on your application. Spring enables you to build applications from \u201cplain old Java objects\u201d (POJOs) and to apply enterprise servicesnon-invasively to POJOs. This capability applies to the Java SE programming model and to full and partial JavaEE. 67","Examples of how you, as an application developer, can use the Spring platform advantage: \uf0b7 Make a Java method execute in a database transaction without having to deal with transaction APIs. \uf0b7 Make a local Java method a remote procedure without having to deal with remote APIs. \uf0b7 Make a local Java method a management operation without having to deal with JMX APIs. \uf0b7 Make a local Java method a message handler without having to deal with JMS APIs 68","5-Node js \/ mongo DB or My SQL \/ express js Node.js is a server-side platform based on the JavaScript Engine in Google Chrome. It was created by Ryan Dahl in 2009, and the most recent version is v0.10.36. This is a cross- platform runtime environment for developing server-side and networking applications that are open source. Node.js programs are written in JavaScript and run on the Node.js runtime on OS X, Microsoft Windows, and Linux. Node.js also comes with abig library of JavaScript modules, which makes developing Node.js web applications much easier. We will use this Technology 69","Node.js 70","2.8 Node.js What is Node.js? The Node js program runs in a single process rather than establishing a new thread for each request. Blocking behavior is the exception rather than the rule in Node.js, because the standard library offers a set of asynchronous I\/O primitives that prevent JavaScript code from blocking, and libraries in Node.js are frequentlywritten using non-blocking paradigms. The popularity of Node.js is skyrocketing right now. Netflix, Uber, PayPal, Twitter, and more well-known companies are presently using Node.js. According to StackOverflow's 2021 Developer Survey, Node.js is the 6th most popular technology among programmers, with nearly one-thirdof professional developers putting it as their first preference. The used technology: After a brief look at the back-end technologies, I can say that we will work using node js, for its advantages thatwere mentioned, and because it works in the JavaScript language used by the front-end developers, and this willfacilitate a lot for us. 71","SQL Server 72","2.8 SQL-Server With a vast assortment of databases to choose from in the market, users can often mull over PostgreSQL vs SQLServer to iron out the better option for their use case. 1- SQL What Is SQL Server? SQL Server was developed by Microsoft as a relational database management system that boasts a long history, thirty-twoyears, to be precise. Microsoft SQL Server is considered a software product with the main function of retrieving and collating data as requested by other software applications. These applications might either run on a different computer across a network or on the same computer. Microsoft SQL Server has seen a lot of updates over the years, to become one of the best supported and one of the most reputed RDBMSsin the market today. 73","History Here is a brief overview of Microsoft SQL Server over the years: \uf0b7 The evolution of SQL Server began in 1988 when Microsoft collaborated with Sybase and Ashton-Tateto develop database maintenance and creation software that would provide an impetus to Microsoft\u2019s business database market.\uf020 \uf0b7 SQL Server 1.0 was rolled out in 1989. Back then, it leveraged the system administrator facility (SAF) to generate databases. It didn\u2019t have any documentation, but it still allowed users to run SQL queries andset parameters. The first code snippet for Microsoft SQL Server was penned by Sybase.\uf020 \uf0b7 Gradually, newer versions were released with more improvements and features. SQL Server 2019, or Aries is the latest addition to a pantheon of comprehensive versions as it focuses on making the databasefeatures even more intuitive to use. This includes big data cluster options, giving users the choice to work with giant data sets.\uf020 74","Main Features \uf0b7 Robust security platform: SQL Server allows you to protect your data in motion and at rest with built-in features for data protection, data classification, alerts, and monitoring. With SQL Server, you can easily encrypt sensitive data and perform rich computations on encrypted data, and allow customized role-based data access complete with complex row filtering.\uf020 \uf0b7 Industry-leading performance: SQL Server boasts record-breaking performance on Linux and Windows as it consistently leads across TPC-H data warehousing workload, TPC-E OLTP workload,and real-world application performance benchmarks. You can also use SQL Server\u2019s in-memory database capabilities such as memory-optimized tempdb and persistent memory support to improve performance for your mission-critical workloads.\uf020 \uf0b7 Intelligence across all your data with big data clusters: SQL Server allows you to gain valuable insights from all your data by querying data across your entire data estate \u2014 Azure SQL Database, SQLServer, Teradata, MongoDB, Azure Cosmos DB, and many more \u2014 without having to replicate or movedata. You can even build a shared data lake by combining both unstructured and structured data in SQL Server and accessing the data either through Spark or T-SQL.\uf020 2- PostgreSQL What Is PostgreSQL\u202b\u061f\u202c PostgreSQL is used as the main data warehouse or data store for various mobile, web, analytics, and geospatial applications. PostgreSQL also boasts a rich history of supporting advanced data types along with performance optimization commonly found across its 75","commercial database counterparts, like Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle. History Here\u2019s a brief overview of PostgreSQL through the years: \uf0b7 Ingres was first developed in 1977.\uf020 \uf0b7 Michael Stonebraker and his associates developed Postgres in 1986.\uf020 \uf0b7 In 1990, support for PL\/ pgSQL and ACID compliance was added to PostgreSQL.\uf020 \uf0b7 NYCPUG (New York City PostgreSQL User Group) joined the PgUS (United StatesPostgreSQL Association) back in 2013.\uf020 \uf0b7 In 2014, the PGconf ushered in a new era for PostgreSQL users.\uf020 Main Features \uf0b7 Standards compliance and reliability: PostgreSQL\u2019s write-ahead logging allows it to standout as a highly fault-tolerant database. PostgreSQL is also ACID-compliant and provides fullsupport for views, foreign keys, triggers, joins, and stored procedures, in various languages. It includes most SQL: 2008 data types, including BOOLEAN, NUMERIC, INTEGER, DATE, VARCHAR, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL, and CHAR.\uf020 76","\uf0b7 Robust extensions: PostgreSQL houses robust feature sets such as point-in-time recovery, multi-version concurrency (MVCC), tablespaces, granular access controls, and online\/hot backups. PostgreSQL is also locale-aware for case sensitivity, sorting, and formatting. It is highly scalable in both the quantity of data it can manage and in the number of simultaneoususers that can be accommodated.\uf020 \uf0b7 Open-source license: You can avail of the PostgreSQL source code under an open- source license, giving you the freedom to modify, use, and implement it as you see fit, without anycharge. On top of this, PostgreSQL incurs no licensing cost, which gets rid of the risk of over-deployment. PostgreSQL\u2019s community of enthusiasts and contributors regularly find fixes and bugs, lending to the overall security of the database system.\uf020 3- mongo DB What is MongoDB? MongoDB is an open-source, cross-platform, document-oriented, and non-relational database system. History MongoDB is developed by MongoDB Inc. and was first released on February 11, 2009. Its stablerelease is MongoDB 5.0.5 released on 6 December 2021. It is written in different programming languages like JavaScript, Python, Java, PHP, C++, C, Ruby, Perl. 77","Main Features High Performance Data operations on MongoDB are fast and easy because of their NoSQL nature. Data can bequickly stored, manipulated, and retrieved without any compromise on data integrity. Scalability In the Big Data era, MongoDB data can be distributed across a cluster of machines quickly and equally, free of bulkiness. The scalability of MongoDB handles a growing amount of data capably.Sharding is a process in MongoDB used to horizontally scale the data across multiple servers whenthe size of data increases. Availability Data is highly available with MongoDB as it makes multiple copies of the same data and sends copies of data across different servers. In case any server fails, data can be retrieved from anotherserver without delay. 78","After a brief look at the back-end technologies,Now we can Answer a question: Why we use SQL? 1- Security and authentication: SQL Server includes several security-enabling features, including encrypted communication overSSL\/TLS, Windows Data Protection API (DPAPI) to encrypt data at rest, authentication, and authorization. Authentication means a process of identifying a user or a person based on their username andpassword.SQL Server authenticates its users by their credentials. 2- Availability SQL Server includes various high availability tools such as log shipping, failover clusters, and replication. SQL Server\u2019s availability groups that work round the clock provide automatic failoverwhen specific conditions are met. However, this offering can only be accessed in SQL Server\u2019s enterprise edition. 3- High-performance A large amount of data is retrieved quickly and efficiently. In addition, simple operations like inserting,deleting, and manipulating data can also be accomplished in a short amount of time. The reason SQL isso fast is that for a database product to be successful, it must return sets of data quickly when queried. In most database organizations, many of the company\u2019s brightest people work constantly on the query engine so it creates \u2018optimal\u2019 query plans that work quickly. 4-English-Like Structure SQL is simple and easy to learn as it contains English-like sentences such as create, select, delete, update, etc. In SQL databases, columns and tables can have long, descriptive names. Therefore, mostSQL statements have a clear meaning, allowing them to be interpreted as natural sentences. 5- Programmatic Database Access 79","Programmers use SQL to access databases when they write applications. In contrast to traditional databases in which one set of tools are for programmatic access and another for unscheduled requests,Interactive and programmatic access to the database is achieved by using the same SQL statements which allow database access parts of a program to be tested first with interactive SQL and then embedded into a program. 6- Relational Foundation SQL is mainly used for relational databases. A relational database\u2019s tabular structure provides an intuitive user interface, making SQL easy to learn and use. Additionally, relational models have a strong theoretical foundation that has guided the development and implementation of relational databases. In the wake of the success of the relational model, SQL has become the database languagefor relational databases. 80","JavaScript and TypeScript 81","2.9 JavaScript and TypeScript History of JavaScript: -> It was invented by Brendan Eich in 1995. ->It was developed for Netscape 2 and became the ECMA-262 standard in 1997. ->The latest version of Mozilla was 1.8.5. (Corresponding to ES5). ->Internet Explorer (IE4) was the first browser to support ECMA-262 Edition 1 (ES1). What is JavaScript? It is a scripting or programming language that allows you to implement complex features on web pages. It wasinitially created to \\\"make web pages alive\\\". How are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript related? HTML is a powerful language for building websites, but it isn\u2019t enough to create a professional and responsivewebsite. 82","So, it works with two other front-end languages: CSS and JavaScript. Together, they can achieve a rich userexperience and implement advanced functionality. CSS is responsible for styles and animations. JavaScript allows you to add dynamic functionality to your web page. 1. HTML to define the content of web pages. 2. CSS to define the layout of web pages. 3. JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages. What is TypeScript? TypeScript is a JavaScript for application scope development and was designed by Anders Hejlsberg (C#Designer) at Microsoft. 83","It is both a language and a toolkit which is a comprehensive suite of JavaScript written in the JavaScriptlanguage. It's JavaScript plus some additional features. TypeScript Features: TypeScript supports other JS libraries. Compiled TypeScript can be consumed from any JavaScript code.JavaScript generated by TypeScript can reuse all JavaScript frameworks, tools, and libraries. any valid .js file can be renamed to .ts and compiled with other TypeScript files. TypeScript is portable. TypeScript is portable across browsers, devices, and operating systems. It can be run in any environment where JavaScript is running. TypeScript does not need a dedicated virtualmachine or specific operating environment for execution. 84","JavaScript vs Typescript: -JavaScript is a scripting language that helps you create interactive web pages while Typescript is acomprehensive suite of JavaScript. -JavaScript code does not need to be compiled while Typescript code needs to be compiled. -TypeScript supports prototyping while JavaScript does not. -TypeScript uses concepts like types and interfaces to describe the data used while JavaScript does not havesuch a concept. 85","Mobile Application Development 86","2.10 Mobile application development 2.10.1 What is mobile application development? Mobile application development is the process to making software for smartphones and digital assistants, most commonly for Android and iOS. The software can be preinstalled on the device, downloaded from a mobile app store or accessed through a mobile web browser. The programming and markup languages used for this kind of software development include Java, Swift, C# and HTML5. Mobile app development is rapidly growing. From retail, telecommunications and e- commerce to insurance, healthcare and government, organizations across industries must meet user expectations for real-time, convenient ways to conduct transactions and access information. Today, mobile devices\u2014and the mobile applications that unlock their value\u2014are the most popular way for people and businesses to connect to the internet. To stay relevant, responsive and successful, organizations need to develop the mobile applications that their customers, partners and employees demand. Yet mobile application development might seem daunting. Once you\u2019ve selected the OS platform or platforms, you need to overcome the limitations of mobile devices and usher your app all the way past the potential hurdles of distribution. Fortunately, by following a few basic guidelines and best practices, you can streamline your application development journey. 2.10.2 Mobile Applications and Device Platforms There are two dominant platforms in the modern smartphone market. One is the iOS platform from Apple Inc. The iOS platform is the operating system that powers Apple's popular line of iPhone smartphones. The second is Android from Google. The Android operating system is used not only by Google devices but also by many other OEMs to 87","built their own smartphones and other smart devices. Although there are some similarities between these two platforms when building applications, developing for iOS vs. developing for Android involves using different software development kits (SDKs) and different development toolchain. While Apple uses iOS exclusively for its own devices, Google makes Android available to other companies provided they meet specific requirements such as including certain Google applications on the devices they ship. Developers can build apps for hundreds of millions of devices by targeting both of these platforms. 2.10.3 Best Mobile Development Frameworks 1. Flutter Flutter is a UI toolkit by Google help in building native applications for the web, mobile, and desktop. This UI toolkit is featured with fully customized widgets, which support to create native applications in a short period. Besides, the Flutter\u2019s layered architecture ensures a faster rendering of components. 2. Re\u0430\u0441t N\u0430tive React native is created with JavaScript and ReactJS programming languages. It is designed by Facebook, whose primary purpose is to build mobile applications. React Native uses native components, and it does not depend on web views. React native uses iOS or Android components when creating a user interface. This framework has JSX (JavaScript-XML) particular language that is used when creating the user interface. 3. I\u043eni\u0441 Another cross-platform framework is Ionic. The structure is built with Apache Cordova 88","and Angular, and it gives the developers the chance to create more than one mobile platform. All applications built on the Ionic framework can run swiftly on Android and iOS devices. 4. Xamarin Xamarin is a cross-platform framework that uses C#. It was acquired by Microsoft in 2016 and transformed into an open-source. The fact that Xamarin uses C# makes it unique when developing cross-platform applications because it assembles to native code that works for the individual platform. On the other hand, hybrid apps use web technologies in their operations. 5. Swiftic Swiftic is one of the best mobile app development frameworks available in the iOS platform. It is featured with an easily navigable interface. Using Swiftic is a convenient option as you get 30 days money-back guarantee option for all its plans. Besides Why flutter ? The purpose of Flutter is to create a beautiful user interface for different cross-platform app development, making it unique among others. Flutter is basically a mobile user interface developed by Google. The flutter applications compile to form a native code unlike hybrid applications that use web views and React Native apps that use native components. The compilation to native code eliminates layers between the framework and the CPU. This gives applications made with Flutter a native approach. 89","The Flutter has its own graphic engine known as Skia, which makes Flutter perform its functions. Google owns skia. You need Dart (an object-oriented programming language) to create Flutter Some of the striking Flutter features are: \uf0b7 Built-in material design \uf0b7 Built-in Cupertino (iOS-flavor) widgets \uf0b7 Rich motion APIs \uf0b7 Supports both iOS & Android \uf0b7 Strong widget support \uf0b7 High-performance application 90","Flutter 91","2.11 Flutter What is Flutter ? - Flutter is a mobile app development platform created by Google. It allows developers to create web,desktop, and cross-platform apps that run on Android and iOS devices. Flutter uses a reactive programming language called Dart, making development faster and easier than traditional methods. - Flutter is a mobile app SDK (software development kit) for building high- performance,high-fidelity apps for iOS and Android. - With powerful graphics and animation libraries, the Flutter framework makes it easy tobuild user interfaces that react smoothly in response to touch. - Flutter is built on the Dart programming language and provides a fast development workflowwith hot reloading, so you can quickly iterate on your code. Some of the top features of Flutter - Dart programming language: Flutter uses the Dart programming language, which is easy tolearn and allows you to develop high- quality apps. - Hot reload: Flutter's \\\"hot reload\\\" feature lets you quickly and easily make changes to yourapp without restarting it. 92","- Expressive and flexible UI: Flutter's UI elements are built using the same principles as Google'sMaterial Design guidelines, giving you an expressive and flexible way to create beautiful apps. - Native performance: Flutter apps are compiled to native code, giving you the best possibleperformance on both iOS and Android. - Open source: Flutter is an open-source project, which means you can use it for free and contributeto the platform's development. 93","How does Flutter work? - Flutter is a mobile app SDK that allows you to create high-quality native apps on iOS and Android. It is also the primary way to develop cross-platform apps with Google's new Fuchsia operating system. - The Flutter framework makes it easy for you to build user interfaces that are beautiful, fast, and responsive. The framework is also extensible, so you can easily add new features and functionality. - When creating a Flutter app, you'll be working with what's called a \\\"widget.\\\" Widgets are the basicbuilding blocks of a Flutter app, and they're used to create both the visual components of an app (like buttons and text) and the functional elements (like Stateless Widgets). - There are two types of widgets: Stateless Widgets and Stateful Widgets. As the name suggests,Stateless Widgets are those with no internal state (or \\\"state,\\\" for short). These are the most straightforward widgets and are often used for buttons or text. - On the other hand, Stateful Widgets have an internal state, and this state can be changed over time,and it will be reflected in how the widget looks and behaves. Stateful Widgets are often used for user input fields or animation controllers. - You can easily create both Stateless and Stateful Widgets using the Dart programming language. You can also use various other development tools to help with the development process, includingthe Dart Analyzer and the Flutter Inspector. 94","Advantages of Flutter There are several key benefits of using Flutter for developing mobile apps. They include: - Flutter is fast: It uses a Dart programming language compiled into native code, meaning there isno need for a JavaScript bridge. This results in apps that are fast and responsive. - Flutter creates cross-platform applications: The same code can be used to build apps for both iOSand Android devices from a single codebase rather than switching between different platforms. This can save a lot of time and effort when developing mobile apps. In addition, Flutter can be used for web development to create web applications. - Flutter has a rich set of widgets: Widgets are the building blocks of Flutter apps, and a wide variety ofthem are available. This makes it easy to create beautiful and custom user interfaces. - Flutter is open source: Anyone can contribute to the development of Flutter, and a growing community of developers is using it. In addition, many helpful docs\/tutorials are available online,created by the Flutter community on sites like Github. - Flutter is free: There are no licensing fees or charges for Flutter app development. This makes it anattractive option for startups and developers who want to create high-quality apps without spending much money. 95","- Google backs Flutter: As a Google product, it receives significant support from the tech giant, which constantly works to improve it. This means developers can be confident that Flutter willcontinue developing and supporting it. - Getting inspired by big successful apps built with Flutter: Some well-known examples includeGoogle Ads, Reflectly, Xianyu by Alibaba, and Postmuse. This is handy for developers who want to see what is possible with Flutter before committing to using it for their projects. - Easy debugging: The Dart programming language has excellent tools for debugging, like theDart Analyzer and the DevTools suite. This makes it easy to find and fix bugs in Flutter apps. - Automated testing: The Dart programming language has good support for automated testing, andthe Flutter framework also has its own set of tools for testing. This makes it easy to create a unit,widget, and integration tests for Flutter apps so developers can constantly optimize and improve the quality of their apps. - Hardware and software utilization: Flutter apps can access the full range of hardware and softwarecapabilities. This means they can take advantage of features such as the camera, GPS, and fingerprint scanner. They can also use platform- specific features, such as push notifications on Android apps or Face ID on Apple iOS. - Different screen adaptability: Flutter applications can be designed to work on various screen sizes andaspect ratios. This makes it easy to create apps that look great on both phones and tablets. 96","Top Flutter App Development Tools[18] - Android Studio Android Studio is a fully integrated development environment for Android. It provides a new project wizard for creating new Android applications. It supports the latest Android SDKs, Android Emulator,and Android Virtual Devices (AVDs). \uf0d8 Features: Write, test, and run apps on a computer, mobile, tablet, etc. Designed for Android developmentFeatures designed for making apps \uf0d8 Pros: Support for Instant Run, which makes changes to your app much faster than before. A new layout designer allows you to edit layouts visually and export XML files for your projects. Integration with Firebase remote build support. \uf0d8 Cons: Your app will not compile as soon as you make any changes. It eats a lot of RAM, making it difficultto multitask. Sometimes the error messages are very misleading. 97","-Visual Studio Code Visual Studio Code is a free and open-source code editor available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It'sa lightweight but powerful source code editor which comes with built-in support for popular languages and frameworks. It supports extensions and themes, making it highly customizable to suit yourneeds. \uf0d8 Features: IntelliSense (also known as \\\"code completion\\\" or \\\"auto-completion\\\") Configurable color schemes. There is a customizable sidebar with a \\\"command palette\\\" for quick access to commands and settings.Extensibility via plugins. \uf0d8 Pros: Its fast and lightweight feature makes it the best code editor for developers. It comes with a wide range of features and many third-party extensions to make your codingmore productive. \uf0d8 Cons: Microsoft has chosen to keep its editor's source code closed, meaning that even if 98","you're an expert in theopen-source community, you can't see how it works, and you can't change how it works. 99","- Flutter SDK Flutter SDK is a free and open-source SDK for creating high-quality native apps on iOS and Android. The Flutter framework helps developers create high-quality apps for iOS and Android. It's based on Dart, a general-purpose programming language that can be compiled to JavaScript or native code (dart2js). \uf0d8 Features: It\u2019s hot-reload function allows developers to see the effects of code changes instantly.The new widgets system helps developers create apps with a native look and feel. Pros: Developers have access to a large library of widgets designed for modern mobile applications. Rich widgets allow you to develop user interfaces and animated transitions between differentscreens. Cos: Currently only supports Android and iOS as development platforms. Sometimes runs slower on mobiledevices. There's extra code that doesn't directly contribute to making your app function. 100"]