www.telematicswire.net September 2021 | Volume 1 | Issue 4 Telematics Wire Technology Driven | Futuristic Vehicle Addressing the Present & Future of Software - Defined Vehicles September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 1
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05 INDUSTRY STORY Semiconductor Industry: Indian Overview Richa Tyagi, Telematics Wire Volume : 01 Issue : 4 13 Explained: The Chip Shortage 36 Need for restructuring the CEO & Editor Maneesh Prasad Problem And Its Impact On E/E architecture with the rise in [email protected] The Auto Industry ACES mobility Saurabh Gupta & Siddharth Jaiswal, Pradnya Nanir, M14 Intelligence Dy. CEO & Director Netscribes Anuj Sinha 38 Product Launch 18 Surge In TFT Demand & M: +91 87440 88838 Intellidash Pro [email protected] Consideration For In Cabin Air Ambrella CV2FS Automotive Quality In Automotive Industry Computer Vision SoC Director Abhay Kataria, Sharp Singapore Lt. Col. M C Verma (Retd.) 42 Omnicomm: Telematics Experts in 22 Automotive Semiconductor GM- Corporate Communication Fuel Monitoring Yashi Mittal Demand Dynamics & Outlook Asif Anwar, Strategy Analytics 44 Internet of Things (IoT) Security: M: +91 98103 40678 [email protected] 26 Chips, Modules & Automotive What is it, and how can I keep my devices secure? DGM- Corporate Sales Electronics Preeti Agarwal Poonam Mahajan Rajesh Gopalakrishna, Murata M: +91 9810341272 48 Signs of a Bad Transmission Control 30 Booming of personal security [email protected] Module (TCM) in India turning challenges into UpFix Editorial Team Member solutions Richa Tyagi Siddhant Somani, Teltonika 50 How the rise of vehicle electronics & Web Developer 32 Car Launch connectivity will impact the future of Neha Nagar automotive manufacturing Kia Carnival Limousine 7 STR Lawrence Vivolo, Dell Technologies Designer Porsche Cayenne E-Hybrid Deepak Kumar 54 Rising Deployment in Automotive Publication Address and Transportation Industries Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. Fuel Demand in Hardware Security D-98 2nd Floor, Noida Sec-63 Module (HSM) Market Revati Mahajan, Transparency Market Uttar Pradesh-201301 Research Email: [email protected] 55 NEWS Printed and Published by Maneesh Prasad on behalf of Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. D-98, 2nd Floor, Noida Sec-63 Uttar Pradesh-201301 Email: [email protected] Disclaimer Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. does not necessarily subscribe to the views expressed in thepublication. All views expressed in this issue are those of the contributors. Please Note: No material may be reproduced in whole or part without permission of Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. Copyright 2021, Telematics Wire Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. 4 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
Industry Story SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY INDIAN OVERVIEW RICHA TYAGI Telematics Wire There have been many revolutions circuit (IC) chips. the increasing demand and poor supply of that we as a nation have Any and every product lying around automotive connectivity semiconductors, allowed to go by without taking major economies globally are impacted. plausible benefits and seize us — whether it is an electronic gadget Automotive connectivity chips, that enable the opportunities for driving the growth of in the homes such as laptops, webcam, high capacity data networking, driver aids, related industries. The crying need of many monitors, or vehicles like cars, buses, and and multiple electrical components, form a industries in the general and the automotive trucks running on the road, there is always crucial component that silently powers the industry for semiconductor shortage, in at least a tiny computing device fitted inside automotive and technology industry. There particular, is a grim reminder as to how in the form of a chip that makes them work are different types of automotive chips for we have missed the electronics revolution efficiently. As a matter of fact, the modern different use cases. In below fig.1 the types ushered by the exponential growth in usage world relies on them. of automotive chips and their use cases are of semiconductors in the 70s and 80s which shown: made many smaller and budding economies Chips or Semiconductors are the brain- rich and way ahead of us in this domain. center of any electronic technology. With Semiconductors have become Fig.2 Source: CPB World Trade Monitor, ING Research ubiquitous elements in the manufacturing of any electronic gadget. The term Semiconductor essentially refers to a specific category of materials having their unique electronic properties which are used in the manufacturing of various types of standalone discrete semiconductor devices used in an electronic circuit. However, their major usage lies in an integrated circuit (IC) usually referred to as chips. An IC chip may consist of two or more numbers of semiconductor devices which can be even in billions in modern electronic gadgets. Here the term semiconductors is interchangeably used to refer to any single discrete semiconductor device or integrated September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 5
Industry Story Fig. 3: Source: OICA Fig. 4 Pandemic and its impact on smartphones at the peak of the COVID-19 in South Korea and Taiwan. Taiwan is the semiconductor industry pandemic, which largely rerouted the biggest provider of semiconductors in the supply away from the automotive sector. world whereas Taiwan Semiconductor This semiconductors and chips shortage And of course, during the pandemic, many Manufacturing Company (TSMC) alone crisis gained attention due to the increase in companies had to shut down their factories has more than 50% share of the global demand for personal computers, tablets, and 6 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
World Top Ten Semiconductors Companies by Market Cap as on Sep 1st, 2021 Table 1: Source: Value Today supply market. Power outages, back against the coronavirus the worst drought in 57 years in shock’. It is true almost universally Taiwan, fire incident in Renesas for the automotive sector. Many Electronics in Japan, Storm Uri production units either closed in Texas also contributed though down or scaled-down their not significantly but added production which will take to the perception of a global time to ramp up to meet the semiconductor crisis. demand levels. With the vehicles becoming more and more After the first wave of the software-driven, the dependency pandemic in 2019, there was of the automotive sector on a steep fall in manufacturing semiconductors continues to activities the world over, as can be increase exponentially. Another seen in the graph (fig.2) covering push came globally from the rapid industrial production stats for electrification of the automotive China, Emerging Asia (primarily sector. OCAI data (fig.3) also India and excluding China), Euro indicates that the overall demand- Area, Emerging Latin America side recovered in the auto sector and the United States. more rapidly after experiencing a fall in 2020. There was a buzz There was also a temporary that supply cannot fulfill the fall in electronic gadgets demand demand which led to extraneous but the demand side recovered factors adding to the scarcity of more quickly with the massive semiconductors. intervention of the governments and the central banks to make Chip Shortage impact money available in the markets on global automotive to restore the products’ demands manufacturing whereas manufacturing continued to lag behind the demand Most of the industries have been especially in the semiconductor segment. There was a relative negatively affected due to the easing of supply of more common family of semiconductors for semiconductor chip shortage, electronic and electric products but automakers suffered from among them, the automotive the lack of semiconductors which usually are more specific industry is severely affected. to the need of the automaker. ING’s Bert Colijn says ‘supply, It all started when automotive not demand, is the problem for Europe’s businesses as they fight companies underestimated vehicle demand in early 2020 due to Covid-19. According to some reports, 2020 saw a gap of around 2-3 million units between vehicle production and their Fig. 5 September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 7
sales, indicating a supply shortfall of around in earnings this year due to chip shortage. Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd have reduced millions. Chip shortage was the primary Ford expects its earnings to drop by about production of vehicles substantially due to reason behind the supply-demand gap. $2.5 billion in 2021. GM expects the chip shortage of chipsets. reduction to cut its earnings by $1.5 billion For some time now, global automakers to $2 billion. These carmakers have revised downward have begun to ditch some features and their dealer targets because of their inability electronic capabilities to manage the chip Chip Shortage impact on to supply vehicles. Dolat Capital said, shortages they face today. For instance – Indian “Retail demand is 30-40% higher than Automotive Sector wholesale resulting in inventory much Japanese carmaker Nissan is below the normal level.” reportedly phasing out navigation A large number of semiconductors are systems out from thousands of used in any passenger vehicle, and any Recently Maruti Suzuki gave a statement vehicles slowdown in the supply chain means a halt that in September its production will On its Arkana SUV, Renault has in the manufacturing operations. The global tumble up by 60% due to chip shortage stopped offering a larger digital screen shortage of semiconductor chips has badly in Gurugram and Manesar plants. It is behind the steering wheel hit the Indian automotive sector. According anticipated that the total vehicle production Stellantis has modified its Ram 1500 to Dolat Capital, the automotive sector volume over both locations could be pickup vehicle so that the digital rear- is facing the twin effect; semiconductor nearly 40% of the standard production. view mirror that usually comes as a shortages and rising raw material prices Tata Motors also announced that it will be standard is now only available as an besides increasing fuel costs. While retail forced to cut down output in the coming upgrade option demand is increasing month after month, months due to a shortage of availability of Rental car companies are also worried the growing chip crisis is having an impact semiconductors. as they are not able to buy new vehicles on production, especially in passenger they want. Hertz and Enterprise, a car vehicles. Automakers who were able to maintain rental company that profited from their inventory beyond ‘just in time’ are buying and leasing new vehicles, has Carmakers in India have been facing less affected by the semiconductor crisis, reportedly resorted to buying used a major reduction in vehicle production as shown in Fig. 5 Ashok Leyland, Eicher cars at auction instead. because of the lack of availability of (VECV), Bajaj Auto, TVS Motors, Tata Big automakers like Ford Motor and semiconductors. Automakers, including Motors (CV), Eicher (RE), it could be General Motors are expecting a huge cut Maruti Suzuki India Ltd., Toyota India, and anticipated as their sales are increasing. On the other hand, Maruti Suzuki, Hero Motor Fabless Chip Makers in India Corp, Tata Motors, M&M Cars, Escorts, M&M Tractor have had to stop their Table 2 production due to low inventory. Indian Manufacturing scenario According to the India Electronics and Semiconductor Association (IESA), semiconductor consumption in India was worth US$21 billion in 2019, growing at the rate of 15.1 percent. Research and development in this industry, which includes electronic products and embedded systems, generated about US$ 2.5 billion in revenue. Yet, India lags in the establishment of semiconductor wafer fabrication (FAB) units – due to a weak ecosystem and shortage of resources as compared to more competitive bases like China and Vietnam. The semiconductor companies can be divided into three types: chip manufacturers, fabless chip companies, and chip-equipment makers. Chip manufacturers have their own manufacturing plants. Fabless chip companies hire contract manufacturers to make the chips they design. Chip- equipment vendors supply the gear and materials used to produce semiconductor products. A look at the table below on the 8 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
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IT design and R&D that while the Government of Gujarat was resource, and the need for frequent engineers. The Indian willing to support any investor intending technology replacement. This is why, India’s semiconductor design to set up a chip fabrication facility but did contribution to the industry has remained market was projected to not intend to do it by itself, considering the confined to its technical expertise in R&D, grow by a CAGR of 29.4 investment required and the technology- design, etc. due to its software competencies percent from US$14.5 billion intensive nature of the industry. in IT design and R&D engineers. The Indian in 2015 to US$52.6 billion in semiconductor design market was projected 2020. To bridge the gap, the GoI thrust for to grow by a CAGR of 29.4% from US$14.5 Govt of India had granted Semiconductor billion in 2015 to US$52.6 billion in 2020. LoIs for setting up FAB hits Manufacturing in India Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, in Gujarat and UP and the Indian Institute of Technology, The Government of India is now trying Bombay have made strides in VLSI and most significant Indian Companies in the to put India on the global map for chip design in their center of excellence in semiconductor segment indicates the near semiconductor devices and chips and in nano-electronics, at the same time leading absence of manufacturing capacity in India order to overcome the capital-intensive chipmakers in the world are claiming to be when it comes to the manufacturing of hurdles. The government is actively seeking making a breakthrough in manufacturing semiconductor chips. foreign capital to set up semiconductor 1nm chips. manufacturing facilities in the country. India Semiconductor FAB units require not is setting up commercial semiconductor The Ministry of Electronics and only huge CAPEX but also a matching wafer fab units and the proposed locations Information Technology has now embarked OPEX as it requires uninterrupted water, are Greater Noida in Uttar Pradesh (about on rebalancing our semiconductor electricity supply, highly skilled human 40 km from New Delhi) and Prantij in manufacturing capacity vis-a-vis our needs resource, and the need for frequent Gujarat (about 50 km) from Gandhinagar. for this vital ingredient of growth. Presently technology replacement. This is why India’s under the Electronics Hardware Schemes, contribution to the industry has remained Like most of the other countries in the there are the number of facilitating schemes confined to its technical expertise in R&D, world, India is also highly reliant on imports which include Special Economic Zones design, etc. due to its software competencies to meet the country’s semiconductor (SEZ), Electronics Hardware Technology in IT design and R&D engineers. The requirements. Park (EHTP)/ Export Oriented Unit Indian semiconductor design market was (EOU), Export Promotion Capital Goods projected to grow by a CAGR of 29.4 Coronavirus pandemic has acted as (EPCG) Scheme, Duty Exemption, and percent from US$14.5 billion in 2015 to an additional driver for rethinking the Remission Schemes and Deemed Exports. US$52.6 billion in 2020. To bridge the relationship between stakeholders. It has Though these schemes intended to gap, the Govt of India had granted LoIs for reinforced the need for greater resilience incentivize & accelerate the development setting up FAB hits in Gujarat and UP. in the supply chain and highlighted the of electronics hardware manufacturing requirement to foresee and assess the infrastructure in the country, they did not The stark reality existing in the field of manufacturing context in order to recalibrate cover a significant need for this objective. Semiconductor Manufacturing in India inventory management in times of crisis. The capital infusion is a must to build an came out in a TOI news report in 2019 There are therefore several initiatives taken indigenous industry for manufacturing which mentioned the cancellation of LoI by the central government, focusing on the electronics components and setting up granted to a consortium led by HSMC evolution and alignment of government R&D in this most dynamically changing Technologies India for setting up the policies that explore the possibilities to industry. country’s first electronic chip manufacturing make the most out of the existing landscape plant. Going by the news, apparently, the in semiconductor manufacturing in India. For the electronics industry, state-of- government was then left with no proposal the-art R&D facilities and qualified human to set up any manufacturing plant for According to the India Electronics resources are a necessity for the survival of electronic chips, which are known as the and Semiconductor Association (IESA), any enterprise in this domain. heart of modern devices and considered semiconductor consumption in India was strategically important in cyberspace. As worth US$21 billion in 2019, growing at the The manufacturing of semiconductors is per LoI, both the plants were to be set up rate of 15.1%. Research and development highly complex and capital intensive. This is with an investment of around Rs 63,000 in this industry, which includes electronic an expensive truth which the government of crore. Post cancellation it was revealed products and embedded systems, generated the day has accepted and acknowledged as about US$2.5 billion in revenue. Yet, India evident from its recent thrust to incentives lags in the establishment of semiconductor and make capital available for setting up wafer fabrication (FAB) units – due to a chips and semiconductor manufacturing weak ecosystem and shortage of resources plants and also for capacity enhancement as compared to more competitive bases like of the existing ones. Notable initiatives China and Vietnam. undertaken by the Indian government for the development of the semiconductor Semiconductor FAB units require not industry included the enhancement of only huge CAPEX but also a matching allocations of Modified Special Incentive OPEX as it requires uninterrupted water, electricity supply, highly skilled human 10 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
Package Scheme (M-SIPS) and the of semiconductor industry ie the availability The government is Electronic Department Fund (EDF). of Capital with some incentives. SPECS, open to introducing new which stands for Scheme for Promotion of incentives for chipmakers, Notably, two schemes spearheaded Manufacturing of Electronic Components beyond those detailed in the by MeitY are worth looking at for their and Semiconductors, is to cater for PLI scheme for large-scale contribution to this industry, one is Modified requisite capital to domestic manufacturing electronics manufacturing. Electronics Manufacturing Clusters of electronic components and It will likely be based on the (EMC 2.0) Scheme which is a sequel of semiconductors. Under SPECS financial investment coming in and the Electronic Manufacturing Clusters incentive is capped at 25% of Capital outlay the company’s area of work, (EMC) Scheme launched in October for those category of electronics items type of fab, and requirement 2012 to provide support for the creation which have been brought in to the ambit of of world-class infrastructure for attracting SPECS for financial incentive to the entities players. According to a business standard investments in Electronics Systems Design registered in India (Information available news report in July 2021, the Ministry of and Manufacturing (ESDM) sector. The on MeitY portal). Electronics and IT approved 14 eligible EMC 1.0 Scheme was closed for receipt of applicants under the Production Linked applications from October 2017. Another Electronics Development Incentive Scheme (PLI) for IT hardware. one is the Electronics Development Fund Fund (EDF) policy The target segments under the PLI Scheme (EDF) policy which aimed at catering to for IT Hardware include laptops, tablets, all- the most crucial element that is funding to Electronics Development Fund (EDF) is in-one personal computers, and servers. help Indian companies to take initiative in another step by the government to make semiconductor manufacturing. funds available through professionally PLI II came out in March 2021 and has managed funds which are drawing their been appreciated by media, industry icons Modified Electronics seed capital from the government through but it is just the beginning of an uphill climb. Manufacturing EDF. These would provide risk capital to The huge investment required, cutting edge Clusters (EMC 2.0) Scheme companies developing new technologies in technology and proven manufacturing (Ref: MeitY) the area of Electronics, Nano-electronics processes in semiconductor manufacturing and Information Technology (IT) are one part, another important issue is the This is a new Avatar of Modified Electronics (Information available on MeitY portal). availability of qualified and trained human Manufacturing Clusters Scheme which Can the gap in technology & manufacturing resources willing to opt for a career in was launched in 2012 and was closed in capacity in the semiconductor domain semiconductor manufacturing. 2017. EMC2.0 was announced in April between India and global players be bridged 2020 to create facilitating infrastructure for in next decade? The shortage of manpower is establishing electronics manufacturing in indicative from the Naukri.com job portal India. According to MeitY, the objective is to According to a post in India Briefing, ad for filling up 60466 semiconductor address the disabilities, by providing support over 20 semiconductor manufacturing and jobs in Manufacturing. A substantial for the creation of world-class infrastructure designing companies in high-end, display, number of our electronics engineers along with common facilities and amenities, and specialty fabrication have reportedly coming out of engineering institutions including Ready Built Factory (RBF) sheds submitted Expressions of Interest (EOIs) to every year tend to be swept off in the / Plug and Play facilities for attracting major set up manufacturing plants in India. coding stream for want of job opportunities global electronics manufacturers along in electronics manufacturing. Trained with their supply chain to set up units in The government is open to introducing human resources at a reasonable cost are the country. This scheme will fortify the new incentives for chipmakers, beyond going to be one more essential in setting linkage between domestic and international those detailed in the PLI scheme for large- up semiconductor manufacturing plants markets by strengthening supply chain scale electronics manufacturing. It will in India. Though we have the advantage responsiveness, consolidation of suppliers, likely be based on the investment coming of having a good number of engineering decreased time-to-market, lower logistics in and the company’s area of work, type of institutions with electronic streams, we costs, etc. The EMC 2.0 Scheme provides fab, and requirement. Earlier this year, the need to create a brighter career path for financial assistance for setting up of both Indian government also sought proposals young engineering pass outs to prefer EMC projects and Common Facility from interested applicants to either set up semiconductor manufacturing over the jobs Centres (CFCs) across the country (and/or expand) semiconductor wafer/ in the IT sector. (information available on MeitY portal). device fabrication plants (FABs) in India The EMC 2.0 Scheme will help the Indian or their acquisition outside India. To industry in a big way but it has a perspective ensure targeted interest from foreign of supporting of electronic products and players, the government also invited leading sub-assemblies covered in the scheme. international players. The proposals were to be submitted to MeitY by April 30, 2021. SPECS The notification about the Expression of Interest was available in Korean, Japanese, In April, 2020 Government came out with a Hebrew, and Chinese – an indication of the scheme to address the critical requirement expected investment interest from foreign September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 11
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Industry Insight Explained: The Chip Shortage Problem And Its Impact On The Auto Industry SAURABH GUPTA & SIDDHARTH JAISWAL Netscribes In the past two years, significant Fig.1: The semiconductor value chain is highly complex and fragmented disruptions have occurred to the once sophisticated yet fragile automotive this high-tech industry. Because of the deep for various applications, but also to cost supply chain, starting with the technical expertise required at every stage savings and performance enhancements at COVID-19 pandemic and followed by a of production, the overall supply chain has an exponential rate. global shortage of semiconductor chips. become highly complex, intertwined, and Historically, the automotive industry geographically interdependent (as shown The complexity for the industry regarded its robust supply chain as a crown in Fig. 1). The US leads in the early stages increases further as all the nodes still jewel mastering the concepts of just-in-time, of design and equipment manufacturing, hold relevance for different industries which meant thousands of components while East Asian countries (South Korea, and applications. For instance, trailing arrived just in time for assembly. This resulted Taiwan, and China) lead in chip fabrication, edge nodes (180nm – 40nm) are used by in OEMs maintaining on-hand inventory of packaging, testing, and assembly. automotive and industrial OEMs for ADAS, critical parts/supplies that lasted for just autonomous, and other electronic features about 25-30 minutes of operations in the This global interconnected structure in vehicles and healthcare or production event that suppliers stopped delivering. Due has led not only to optimum chip supply lines machinery built in 200 mm fabs. to no practical inventory, the semiconductor chip shortage caused assembly lines to halt, causing a second major blow to the automotive industry after COVID-19. Based on our initial estimates, chip shortages could result in a loss of nearly eight million units of production in 2021.That said, it is critical to examine what has led to a shortage of semiconductor chips and what needs to be done to mitigate such events in future. Understanding the Semi- conductor Chips Ecosystem: Semiconductor chips are highly complex products fabricated using advanced manufacturing processes. They are used to power and run a vast array of electronic devices – from smartphones, cloud servers, and consumer electronics to automotive vehicles, Industry 4.0 automation, and critical infrastructure and defense systems. Needless to say, these little components are highly sophisticated and complex. Across the semiconductor industry’s value chain, our analysis indicates that companies invest 25-30% of their annual revenue in R&D, a ratio unmatched by any other industry, in addition to their extensive patent portfolios and large capital expenditures on equipment and operations. This clearly illustrates the depth and breadth of technical know-how necessary to lead and sustain in September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 13
Fig.2: Accelerated development of semiconductor technology process nodes The advanced nodes (28nm, going down to 5nm and beyond) are used in wireless Fig.3: Microeconomic supply-demand scenario of semiconductor chips industry communications, servers, cloud computing and memory applications built in 300 mm 14 | Telematics Wire | September 2021 fabs. According to industry association report, SEMI Fab Outlook, there are 10 new 200 mm fabs and 25 new 300 mm Si fabrication fabs expected to be operational by 2022, as what was in 2020. This is sufficient to indicate the foundries’ focus on generating high margins through leveraging advanced bleeding-edge technology nodes. How did the semiconductor industry land in this situation? A number of factors have combined to alter the predicted trends and dynamics of the industry. In recent years, there has been a constant demand for edge devices and secular factors, such as AI, cloud, IoT, Industry 4.0, robotics, and autonomous driving. These factors fueled the growth of semiconductor chips. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated companies’ timeline for digital transformation, cutting short years of planned investment into a much shorter time frame. In addition, it provided the chip fabrication companies with a renewed growth vision from consumer electronics and work-from-home equipment, such as PCs, joysticks, gaming consoles, laptops, cloud storage, and webcams, to name a few. Besides the usual business cycles, the industry has faced unprecedented turmoil from external factors, such as COVID-19 outbreaks, natural disasters, and changing consumer habits. Additionally, natural disasters like the Texas winter storm, Taiwan water crisis, fires in foundry facilities and the long-standing practice of automotive OEMs to engage in Just-In-Time ( JIT) to keep costs low have contributed to the imbalance in the chips supply to OEMs across several industry and technology segments. A ship blocked the Suez Canal for weeks, increasing logistics and freight costs by an average of USD 500,000 for shipping through South Africa’s Cape of Good Hope or shipping by air. Consequently, the short-term industry dynamics are characterized by the following trends: insatiable demand for technology solutions and shortage of chips to meet the demand. Long-term perspectives go far
Fig.4: Evolution of Automotive Industry Fig.5: Quarterly global fab consolidated utilization beyond a few ‘transforming’ applications, there is a long time to go Impact on the automotive but rather a structural shift in which global before the returns start coming industry economies are becoming increasingly back in. This means, increase in automated and digital. Connected smart prices of finished product at every Although the automotive industry has edge devices, with the advent of cloud node by around 15% and above, always been cyclical in nature and directly and AI computing approaches, are driving making the end customers shell correlated to economic volatility, most exponential growth in data volumes. out ~20-25% more from their executives in this industry have learnt to pockets to purchase the same prepare for and manage such shocks in the “There is a cascading effect about products with same features and past. However, this time the backlash of to set in. With huge influx of specifications.” COVID-19 and an unprecedented shortage investments to increase the fab of semiconductor chips has caught the capacities and expansion plans, - Saurabh Gupta industry off-guard. Fig. 4 showcases how the auto industry has evolved and its outlook. September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 15
Fig.6: New Vehicle E/E Architecture would reduce Semiconductor Content Fig.7: Accelerated Adoption of ECU Module Consolidation due to Chip Shortage Due to a faster than expected rebound General Motors, Volkswagen, and BMW entire BoM cost has triggered the in demand for new cars, the auto industry have stalled production, reduced vehicle collapse of an entire multi-bil- was the first to experience the effects of a production has also led to billions of losses lion-dollar industry, and brought shortage of chips. This surge was contrary across the industry. Ford estimates its several production lines, assembly to industry OEMs’ forecasts, which had operating losses will total USD 2.5 Bn for floors, and factories to the verge of curtailed chips procurement at the start FY 2021, while General Motors anticipates shutdown.” of the pandemic. Across the industry, it losses of USD 1.5 to 2 Bn for the same is known that a single chip wafer can take period. The sales of a car were held up by a - Siddharth Jaiswal anywhere from three to six months to component worth no more than 1-2% of its reach the OEM for assembly into the final cost. The problem continues! With edge product. This lead time and pre-allocation devices also increasing exponentially, of chips has now become cumbersome for “A nano-sized component worth consumer electronics and technology the industry. While companies like Ford, not more than 1-2% of the car’s 16 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
equipment also feel the strain of reduced segment, has coordinated to invest USD patchwork approach is no longer chip availability. Companies like Dell and 450 Bn over the next 10 years, apart from sustainable. HP have witnessed its market share prices USD 1.3 Bn worth of tax breaks and drop, while Apple announced losses funding of 36,000 new professionals. Hence, the industry is exploring new worth USD 4 Bn because of lost sales in vehicle E/E architectures that enable its Mac and iPad product line. Our analysis of the overall landscape not just high electronic content, but also indicates that the equilibrium between support the road to autonomous vehicles The way forward for the semiconductor chip supply and demand (as shown in Fig. 6). semiconductor industry will reach anytime between 2023 and 2024. However, with neither the demand The average number of ECUs in a There’s also a flip to the overall story. Even stabilizing nor the supply of chips car range from 80-100 today, however, though the demand has been at an all- increasing in the short term, there is a with the new vehicle E/E architecture, time high, the semiconductor industry’s high probability of the similar shortage this number will drop to 20-30, supply nodes have also been bottlenecks situation occurring again in the future. It thereby reducing the dependency on in the plan of meeting the demand. This is now up to the industry to come up with semiconductor chip(s) significantly. has led to the foundries operating at near new innovative solutions to this sticky full utilization. Since Q2, 2020, foundries situation. Additionally, to the above solutions, are consistently operating at over 90% it’s time to streamline and reevaluate the utilization, which is not a sustainable “The entire situation is still far strategies of companies across the entire long-term solution. from getting resolved. In fact, value chain to ensure sustained growth it will worsen further, with OEMs and to avoid reentry into similar situa- Thus, chip fabrication companies resorting to stockpiling and tions. are left with a few alternatives, such as excessive ordering to increase expanding existing fabs, building and their safety stocks, thereby piling The semiconductor industry should operating new fabs, or distributing excess up the demand orders for the chip consider adopting a 5-R strategy: Rectify, chip loading to alternative vendors. All production companies. Once this Resiliency, Restore, Reimagination, and of these, however, are not immediate hoarding practice settles and Refine. Maintaining business continuity solutions and will take anywhere from actual demand is met, will the plans, adjusting demand planning in real 12 to 36 months to materialize. While normal state come for the time, tracking competitive dynamics, fab expansion costs around USD 4-5 Bn, semiconductor industry. And updating product pricing, and assessing building a new fab with R&D investment that seems difficult before 2023 trade environments are all part of the and equipment procurement costs nearly or 2024!” job. Additionally, OEMs need to revisit USD 30 Bn. In order to deliver long-term their business and operations strategies solutions, semiconductor companies and - Saurabh Gupta to avoid being caught in such unforeseen regional governments are in the process circumstances again. of finalizing investment budgets, policy The way forward for the incentives, and domestic buildup outlook. automotive industry Apart from enabling and implement- Leading foundries have budgeted almost ing resiliency tools, such as collaborative USD 500 Bn to develop new chip With the situation showing no resolution planning and real-time market and indus- fabrication fabs for different technology in short term, the automotive industry try monitoring for the identification of nodes globally, which is also influenced would consider reducing the chip content real-time bottlenecks, they should catego- by the magnitude of incentives, tax per vehicle, i.e., ECU consolidation. rize the input raw material components, regimes, talent pool available in various Over the past few years, with the rise of such as semiconductor chips, according geographies. For instance, South Korea, electronic content and the transition to their impact and probability of dis- already a leading region in the fabrication to software-defined-cars, the existing ruption risk. Netscribes is a global data and insights firm that helps organizations meet their sales, marketing, product de- velopment, and innovation needs. AUTHOR AUTHOR SAURABH GUPTA SIDDHARTH JAISWAL Research & Strategy Practice Lead – Automotive Manager – Semiconductors Netscribes Netscribes Siddharth has been tracking the Saurabh has been in the strategy automotive industry since the past nine consulting and advisory role for more years with keen interest in future of than nine years, working closely mobility, autonomous technology, and with semiconductor, electronics, vehicle E/E architecture. He leads the and nanotechnology companies to automotive practice at Netscribes and solve their business and operational works closely with the major automotive challenges. He is currently associated companies in solving some of the most with Netscribes, working on providing complex business challenges. actionable business and corporate strategies to the sales, marketing, IP legal, and operations teams of client organizations globally. September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 17
Industry Insight Surge In TFT Demand & Consideration For In Cabin Air Quality In Automotive Industry ABHAY KATARIA SHARP Singapore Electronics Corporation Pte Ltd COVID-19 has made everybody filters offer some relief, HEPA can stop be placed at HVAC output vent where more conscious towards particles only up to 0.3 microns. The virus air-conditioned air is introduced to the hygiene, & air quality around particle is typically 0.004 microns. Clearly cabin. This will help positive & negative us. At the same time we’ve extraordinary times like current call for ions to scatter in air effectively and helps in become more connected & reliant on the better technologies to cleanse the air like cleaning the air. internet since the start of the pandemic, a this Mckinsey article call for Ionic purifier massive 47 percent increase in broadband help in cleaning air. Air quality parameters of in-cabin information usage, and more gigabit and like ION counts generated by plasma terabyte endorsers. Sharp Plasma Cluster Ionizer Module cluster ionizer and other poisonous gasses certified by 30+ labs globally offers a strong monitored with the help of different sensors Usage of sensors has also surged and solution to this urgent in vehicle air quality can be used to display on TFT screen which combined with edge processing or cloud challenge. Plasmacluster Ionizer breaks may help passenger to take decision before processing with higher cognitive process moisture present in the air by an electric using the shared mobility. algorithms delivers insights into our arc to release positive hydrogen (H+) everyday life like never before. Further and negative oxygen (O2-) ions that form Newer automobiles have the emerging technologies like AI, IoT, clusters to transform into OH radicals. The multiple applications for the Machine learning, Deep Learning etc. positive and negative ions are the same as most recent TFT LCDs have created possibilities for solving many those generated in nature by a waterfall. Personal mobility is not just about getting problem statements. from one point to other but about a The OH radicals cling to viruses or comfortable and pleasing experience. Thus, With more demand for comfort and other pathogens and extract hydrogen (H) present day passenger cars are embracing a up-to-date information, consumer wants to from their surface to form moisture (H2O). suit of features to please vehicle owners and visualise the insights promptly & elegantly. Extracting hydrogen from the surface of the passengers such as: This has drifted the in-car display market virus or a pathogen, damages its defence, towards TFT (Thin Film Transistor) think of it as puncturing its spacesuit and LCD (Liquid Crystal Displays) displays therefore neutralizes the pathogen – so it is and created new market for in-vehicle air not infectious anymore. quality solutions. This article reviews TFT LCD displays and in-cabin (or in-vehicle) Plasmacluster™ ions purify the air and air purification solutions in the automotive doesn’t have any adverse effect to humans space. even at excessively high ion concentration In Cabin Air Quality with Tests conducted by Sharp, Nagasaki respect to COVID-19 or other University & Shimane University have viruses shown that Plasmacluster Ionizer can reduce airborne corona virus by more than “In Vehicle Air Quality” is a major concern 91% and adhered coronavirus by more since this COVID-19 pandemic especially than 99%. Besides the effectiveness of due to the fact that the infection is airborne. PCI technology in eliminating pathogens, The question on everyone’s mind is how allergens & VOCs has been tested and can safe we make the air inside the vehicle proven by more than 30 independent cabin for personal and particularly shared institutions from 10 different countries.. mobility? Where to place the Plasma Cabin air filters (carbon or dust filters) Cluster Ionizer? were originally designed to get rid of large particles like pollen and dirt from The way Sharp has designed it, and your car’s air. Consequently, they’re not refined over years, makes it operational good at filtering smaller, submicrometer with a simple 12V supply. From a system particles. Though newer technologies like integration point of view, this becomes a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) very straight forward module that does its job. SHARP Plasma cluster Ionizer can 18 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
On-avenue entertainment, increase in different features in a digital range from 5 to 12 inches in size. While Concierge services & other desired instrument cluster, and growing demand display technology updates are commonly services. for vehicle aesthetics. associated with PC TV screens, automotive Surrounding awareness (insights form displays too are at the forefront of sensors) / driver assistance / driver The Battery Electric Vehicle segment is innovation. Several new technologies like wellness etc estimated to be the largest growth market Sharp’s Free-form display for example A great user experience interacting with for the display instrument cluster. Asian are pioneered for Automotive market. all these value added systems through region is estimated to be the largest market The latest TFT LCD Display have great a crisp and clear, smart display. TFT for Electric Vehicle. With increase in strict picture quality thanks to the increased pixel LCDs offer a good value proposition norms for emission Electric Vehicles density, high brightness and contract and here. sales is increasing at a rapid pace with coatings that enhance visibility in a wide increase in rapid development of charging range of ambience lighting including bright Automotive display trends infrastructure, zero-emission advantage, sunlight, which is a necessity of automotive With the rapid evolution of driver and government support. application. . information/ assistance technology, cars are equipped with multiple displays like: As EVs tend to have much higher built The essential features for in computational power, aptly dubbed automotive displays are: Instrument cluster. as “computers on wheels” the UI (user Central information display, interface) and UX (user experience) tends High Brightness & Anti-Glare: More Mirror replacement displays, to be much elaborate demanding bigger brightness and higher contrast make Multiple entertainment displays for the and better displays the display clear even during bright rear seats. sunlight conditions. Manufacturers Transparent Displays for Car Impact of 5G and other Wireless enormously brought down surface Windshields and Window Technologies reflectivity with anti-reflective coatings, Advertisements 5G offers high internet speed, which making the display simpler to peruse Navigation helps in coordinating auto Display System during high-sunlight glare conditions. Air Quality Information/Ion’s with ingenious applications. These Progressive Super View Technology of concentration applications would require better quality Sharp for example gives extremely crisp Adding more and better displays to the rendering, which can trigger the interest for image under sunlight without pumping car certainly calls for cost performance automotive smart display. This combined more power from backlight which helps trade-offs. As the trend goes the decisions with autonomous driving will call for, in maintaining the life and quality of are made in the favour of adding such giant size display panels, as opposed to the product. displays to enhance passenger experience. customary dashboards. AR and VR gadgets influence 5G to supply a much better Trends driving the automotive experience. Both AR and VR require higher displays display resolution for better execution and Based on Display Type, The marketplace is experience.AR HUD (Head Up Display) is bifurcated into LCD (Monochrome),TFT- a high level driver assistance system which LCD & OLED. TFT-LCD is anticipated to shows real time data & help driver to stay preserve the most important marketplace more active and focused. VR help vehicle share, TFT sizing offers the best “cost retailers to decrease the display area size, cut – value” or “right cost – experience” expenses, and upgrade client experience all proposition. simultaneously. VR showroom help clients to sit in a chair and can have real time Instrument Cluster Market in experience of driving the particular car.. Automotive Bifurcation by Size How do I chose the right display 5–8 inch for my car design? 9–11 inch The screens generally used in vehicles >12 inch Entry level vehicles, mid-segment vehicles, and LCV’s are equipped with a 5-11 inch instrument cluster that helps to maintain the overall cost of the vehicle. Greater than 12 inch LCD cluster is estimated to be the fastest growing segment of the instrument cluster market, by display size. Higher size digital instrument cluster can be seen to be increasing in demand with September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 19
Screen size & resolution: As we driver’s function is dispersed throughout displays should be visible to both discussed, auto displays ranges from 5 the pixels on the display area. This enables drivers and passengers, including those inch to more than 12 inches. There’s a the bezel to be shrunk considerably, and it within the rear seat(s). LCD display trend toward bigger display sizes (up to gives the liberty to style the LCD to match modules are designed to provide the twenty inches), with the reception of whatever shape the display area of the best contrast and readability in one of solid state and advanced digital cluster screen has to be. four directions known as the ‘viewing and thusly the movement toward HD angle’ or ‘optimal viewing direction.’ resolution moving from wide VGA Interface: Low-Voltage Differential These four directions are laid out in (800 x 480) to 720p and 1080p. Signalling (LVDS) could be a popular the shape of a clock. The top view is Form Factor of Display: In choice for giant LCDs and peripherals at 12:00 pm. and the bottom view is at Automotive most commonly used in need of high bandwidth, like high- 6:00 pm. aspect ratio are for display size between definition graphics and fast frame Wide temperature ranges: 7” to 12.3” are 16:9 5:3 16:6.From rates and most ordinarily utilized in Temperature ranges can typically Hatchback, Sedan to SUV height varies Automotive TFT application. It’s an span from -40°C to 85°C. Such high a lot and therefore Aspect Ratio plays a excellent solution due to its high speed temperature range is required because vital role for display selection. Recent of data transmission while using low in summer ambient temperature add innovation like “FREE FORM” help voltage. Two wires carry the signal, up with the operational temperature automotive designers to break free from with one wire carrying the precise of TFT where normally in desert area the rectangle to any size or you can have inverse of its companion. The electrical ambient temperature rise to 55°C in any form factor of display. field generated by one wire is neatly summer. Free Form Display has set the concealed by the opposite, creating Colour depth: Higher-resolution automotive world abuzz. Device that may much less interference to nearby displays might have to upgrade from be shaped to fulfil a large range of user wireless systems. At the receiver end, 18-bit red green blue (RGB) to 24- bit needs due to the incorporation of IGZO a circuit reads the difference (hence RGB to attain a wider colour gamut. technology and proprietary circuit design named “differential”) in voltage Long display lifetimes and sustained methods. Conventional displays are between the wires. Therefore this production support: Displays must rectangular because they require a minimal doesn’t generate any noise or gets its support design and production cycles width for the bezel so as to accommodate signals scrambled by external noise. The of a minimum of five years, extendable the drive circuit, called the gate driver, interface consists of 4, six, or eight pairs up to 10 years because of vehicle round the perimeter of the screen’s display of wires, plus a pair carrying the clock warranties. area. With the morpheme Display, the gate and a few ground wires. Better refresh rates & response times: Wide viewing angles: Centre stack Keeping away from slacks is basic for warning indicators & navigation AUTHOR functions like maps and traffic updates. Low power consumption: Low ABHAY KATARIA power consumption enables better fuel Manager - India consumption and allows components SHARP Singapore Electronics Corporation Pte Ltd to be placed in “hot spots.” Touch & Glass Bonding: Optical Abhay Kataria is a pro in semiconductor industry, bonding is the method involved with having contributed to application engineering, product overlaying touchscreens, glass or marketing and business development in India. He is plastic cover lens and other display the marketing manager at Sharp Singapore. upgrades to a LCD. A layer of glue is incorporated between the cover layer and display to fill the air gap abandoned in a regular edge or gasket bonding. Optical Bonding helps in enhancing clarity, view ability, reduced reflections and make TFT more rugged which are critical factor in automotive application” The trends in the automotive display & air quality are dynamic & exciting! This article attempts to get us started on this exciting drive. Are you ready to gear up to overtake these significant landmarks in technology mobility? (pun intended). 20 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
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Industry Insight Automotive Semiconductor Demand Dynamics & Outlook ASIF ANWAR Strategy Analytics The modern vehicle architecture with increasing demand in particular extent, ADAS/autonomous technologies has evolved over the years for power electronics. Electrification is continued. Indeed, semiconductor with the amount of electronics underpinning new platforms that include company financial reporting all pointed increasing across the typically also implementation of advanced to significant improvements in their powertrain, body, chassis, safety, and driver infotainment, ADAS (Advanced Driver automotive revenues for the second half information domains. Present vehicle Assist Systems) and autonomy. of 2020 and this continued into 2021 as architecture topologies typically consist of shown by Strategy Analytics quarterly various ECUs which are then connected Strategy Analytics has been covering automotive revenue index. to actuators, sensors and displays. These the complex global automotive electronics distributed, decentralized E/E (electrical market for decades, providing deep Strategy Analytics Automotive and electronic) vehicle architectures have coverage at the system, semiconductor, Semiconductor (Auto Semi) Index look typically incorporated one electronic and sensor levels, as well as a broad view of at the quarterly financials as posted by ten control unit (ECU) per function / feature, the whole value chain. Strategy Analytics’ of the leading publicly quoted automotive with a new ECU is added each time a new analysis concluded that global demand semiconductor companies. Collectively, function / feature is added. for automotive semiconductors in 2020 these ten companies accounted for 64.5% based on OEM vehicle production of the global automotive semiconductor With low end vehicles having 50+ dropped by 9.7% to $37.9B, averaged market in 2020 as presented in ECUs, mid-sized vehicles 80+ ECUs across all applications and including Strategy Analytics’ annual Automotive and high segment vehicles with 110+ sensors. The steep decline was reflective of Semiconductor Vendor Market Shares ECUs, the automotive semiconductor the COVID-19 pandemic impact felt by analysis. content has increased over the years the industry, with complete production with demand for semiconductors shutdowns occurring in the major light The Strategy Analytics Auto Semi extending across all device types and passenger vehicle production centers in Index looks specifically at the automotive includes processors, power, linear, the second quarter of 2020. Despite this revenues for these companies. Using optoelectronics, memory etc. Meanwhile, production fall the continued growth Q1 2019 results as a baseline set to 0, the move towards electrification is in electronics penetration and sensing subsequent quarterly results for each of serving as a catalyst towards increasing and control sophistication, especially in the companies are measured against this semiconductor content per vehicle electrified powertrains, and to a lesser baseline with results above 0 indicating growth and results below 0 showing a Exhibit 1: Typical Distributed E/E Architecture Source: Strategy Analytics 22 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
contraction in revenues. Exhibit 1: Strategy Analytics Automotive Semiconductor (Auto Semi) Index Source: Strategy Analytics In 2021, automotive semiconductor further compounded by further con- There was also an accidental power demand was forecast to see a steep return straints in the material supply chain. cut at one of TSMC’s facilities though the to growth with the market forecast to grow With volume demand from the auto- company’s initial observations were that as demand for vehicles returned across all motive industry paling in comparison production was not impacted too much. regions, augmented further by continued to the demand from mainstream elec- momentum towards electrification. This tronics, the major semiconductor sup- As we moved into the second half of the forecast outlook included an anticipation pliers naturally prioritized demand year, most of the semiconductor suppliers of vehicle production stabilising globally, from the smartphone, IT, audio-vi- were able to report improving conditions but ongoing risks associated with the sual and other consumer electronics, as far as front-end semiconductor shortage in semiconductor supply as well making it difficult for the automotive production was concerned. as additional waves of the COVID-19 industry to move from the back of the pandemic hitting regional production queue. Companies such as Infineon that had centres are serving to temper the recovery. In the first quarter of 2021, there to shut down facilities in the first quarter were a further confluence of events of the year because of the snowstorms in The demand for semiconductors from that conspired to further impact the US reported that they were operating the automotive industry extends across semiconductor production including at pre-shutdown levels with revenues not all device types and includes processors, an earthquake in Japan and snowstorms fully able to capture the underlying growth power, linear, optoelectronics, memory in Texas, US. Another factor that opportunities. Renesas had ongoing etc. While individual occurrences such as semiconductor manufacturers needed to issues with returning production at the industrial action or accidents can have an account for was a drought in Taiwan. N3 Building (300mm line) of its Naka impact on the supply of semiconductors A fire at a Renesas facility represented Factory (located in Hitachinaka, Ibaraki and chipsets for specific applications, another setback for the automotive supply Prefecture) to the output levels prior to these do not constituent the primary chain (with companies such as Ford the fire. In particular, the company has cause of the current shortages being specifically referencing Renesas during suffered a series of problems since then experienced by the automotive industry. their discussions of the semiconductor with manufacturing equipment which Instead, the primary cause can be traced supply situation in management resulted in shipments levels (as reported back to vehicle production shutting down comments). Production at the affected on July 29) falling to 90% of the volumes in the second quarter of 2020 resulting in 300 mm Renesas line is focused on prior to the fire. automotive semiconductor demand being MCUs and SoCs targeting automotive, scaled back considerably as reflected in industrial and other applications. An early Despite these challenges, Infineon, the sharp contraction observed in the assessment from Renesas suggested that Renesas and the other semiconductor Auto Semi Index. the resumption of normal production suppliers were able to report increases would take at least one month but this in revenue, gross margin and operating A return in demand was led by Chinese was later revised to three months. margin for its automotive business as well vehicle production and was followed by a Renesas moved some production to as a growing order backlog. Unfortunately, return to production in the other major other facilities as well as seeking addi- the bottleneck at the frontend was replaced production centers resulting in a sharp tional support from its foundry part- with headwinds at backend processing expansion in automotive semiconductor ners allowing limited production to facilities as a resurgence in COVID-19 demand. However, the automotive resume in April. cases at backend manufacturing and R&D industry was then faced with several operations in Malaysia, India and Taiwan issues in trying to make up both a shortfall hampered the ability of the automotive as well meet the resurgent demand having semiconductor industry to meet both effectively taking itself out of the queue for semiconductor supply. Changes in working and lifestyle pat- terns due to lockdowns shifted the focus for semiconductor suppliers towards supporting electronics equip- ment demand for smartphones, IT and audio-visual equipment as well as the introduction of new generation consoles from Sony and Microsoft. The dedicated semiconductor man- ufacturing capacity available for the supply of 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit MCUs, based on older process nodes and smaller diameter production, was quickly filled up and this was then SeptAeumgbuesrt 2021 | Telematics Wire | 23
Exhibit 3 Automotive Semiconductor Market 2019 and 2020 Source: Strategy Analytics semiconductor suppliers look set to continue reporting robust financials for current and ongoing demand over the allow a vehicle to be finished with the third quarter suggesting that there is forthcoming quarters. the final production vehicle noting a a growing mismatch between automotive minor reduction in aesthetics, perfor- semiconductor industry revenues The combined impact of mance or fuel economy. and actual vehicles being produced. semiconductor shortages in general, Strategy Analytics analysis of the Regrettably, this raises the possibility combined with these other events served ongoing challenges in the supply chain that despite the best efforts of the supply to limit the much-vaunted recovery in suggested that this would result in vehicle chain, double bookings will lead to excess light vehicle production. Major OEMs production being impacted further than inventory in play that will serve to limit have steadily increased the frequency at originally estimated with the loss in automotive semiconductor industry which they are reporting adjustments production attributable to semiconductor growth in 2022 and 2023. to their production schedules citing constraints as high as 5 – 10% for 2021. the ongoing impact of semiconductor Comments from TSMC, automotive Longer term, the prospects for shortages. Even those companies that OEMs and the broader supply chain automotive semiconductor demand were initially better prepared, e.g., Toyota earlier in the year suggested that while remainstrong,ledasstatedearlier,towards are now regularly advising of adjustments the overall semiconductor shortage trends that favour vehicle electrification, to their production lines as the impact may last into 2022 and possibly even ADAS (Advanced Driver Assist Systems) of the semiconductor shortage has through to 2023, the situation for the and Autonomy and connectivity. This snowballed. This has also resulted in automotive industry would start to see means that the average semiconductor OEMs adopting a range of measures to signs of improvement from Q3 onwards content in a vehicle will grow at a CAAGR alleviate the situation which include: limiting the overall impact to light vehicle (compound annual average growth rate) production. of 6.2% over the 2020 – 2025 timeframe. Temporary shutdown of production Unfortunately, as we start to see The move towards electrified platforms in lines. calendar year third quarter financials particular dictates an increasing weight Ongoing reduction in shift hours being released at the time of writing, it given towards power semiconductors. through the next six to nine months. does appear that the combined impact of The incumbent power semiconductors Allocation of semiconductor and oth- semiconductor shortages, a resurgence in are Silicon-based IGBTs (insulated er resources to production lines fo- COVID-19 and other associated issues gate bipolar transistor) and MOSFETs cused on the most profitable and/or around materials supply will translate to (metal oxide semiconductor field effect high-volume brands and nameplates. actual vehicle production growth being transistor) and leading suppliers of Vehicles produced but with final fin- curtailed to around 3% to 5% year-on- these power semiconductors include ishing delayed until certain compo- year. Infineon, Rohm, STMicroelectronics, nents are secured. At the same time, automotive ON Semiconductor and others. These Vehicles produced with certain incumbent technologies are starting non-critical components missing that to see growing competition from wide bandgap technologies such as SiC (silicon AUTHOR carbide) and GaN (gallium nitride) and this trend is accelerating over the next five ASIF ANWAR to ten years with all the major suppliers of power semiconductors investing in these Director - Global Automotive Practice wide bandgap technologies as they see Strategy Analytics increased demand. By 2028 electrification and ADAS will account for 50% of Asif Anwar is a 20-year plus veteran analyst at Strategy automotive semiconductor demand and Analytics. His current focus is on supporting the automotive this will translate to growing demand industry through the Powertrain, Body, Safety & Chassis for power semiconductors and advanced (PBCS) Service coverage at Strategy Analytics, providing processor chips. Despite the short- thought leadership and analysis at the system, semiconductor term challenges being faced presently, and sensor levels, as well as looking at the broader whole rising vehicle production and associated value chain and tracking emerging opportunities. system demand will translate to the forecasted compound average annual growth rate (CAAGR) for automotive semiconductors, including sensors, over the 5-year period 2020 to 2025 to be +12.4% with the market holding potential to be worth between $77 to $81 billion by 2028. 24 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
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Industry Insight Chips, Modules & Automotive Electronics RAJESH GOPALAKRISHNA Murata Do the word “Chips” lately (12 to be precise) radio was loaded onto electronic control solutions fuelling the send tremors down your the Chrysler’s Imperial models. This quest for efficiency and optimization as supply chain (the spine of any was followed up by the use of silicon well as meeting the increasingly stringent manufacturing activity)? If diode rectifiers in the lighter Alternator CAFE norms. It indeed has been a long no, then you must be extremely lucky and which began to replace the Generator journey since General Motors introduced a super planner with extreme foresight!! enabling handling of larger electrical the first microprocessor based electronics Nonetheless, one need not be worried – loads. Much research activities were system in a car around 1980 though it’s a completely temporary phenomenon conducted across various manufacturers Electronic Control Module (ECM) which will soon pass. in the US, Germany and Japan leading existed prior with limited electronics. to improvisation of current issues faced Further ahead, other areas like Airbags, The chips or semiconductor then by their vehicles. Ignition systems Transmission Control, Navigation, technology has overcome serious became available with discrete solid- Infotainment, Safety and comfort challenges in the past – both in terms state electronics reducing mechanical applications evolved within a vehicle of technology and markets – and is wear improving engine efficiency. The with its own control unit. The Electronic now advancing at the pace of a tornado. next big success with use of electronics Control Unit (ECU), with time, has Everyone is interested to have a slice of was the introduction of a computerized advanced into a compact and complex it and reign supremacy amongst equals. ABS helping improve vehicle safety. module or sub-system that continuously Needless to say, the investments that are Meanwhile, the MOSFET was invented challenges the boundaries of existing being solicited by various countries with that revolutionized the semiconductors innovations in automotive electronics. So an array of incentives, subsidies and other field and the Microprocessor (though what is an ECU? “carrots” speaks volumes of the scheme of the actual originator is possibly clouded) things. Ever since Robert Noyce, over 60 was born – the brain (or some may say ECUs, as the name suggests, are years ago, introduced the first integrated heart) of most electronics systems. This devices that control specific functions device (preceded by the invention of is considered as one of the watershed within a vehicle. They are usually built the transistor) at Fairchild, the evolution moments in the engineering world and with Chips or Integrated Circuits along of this “wonder sand bundle” has been the emergence of the semiconductor with other electronic components that stupendous and in today’s reality there giants that all of us know today. typically receive various inputs, process is no product or use case untouched by them as per specifications and provide it. Think of the ubiquitous hand phones, With the invention of the transistor necessary instructions for an appropriate routers, massive Data centres, the and microprocessor, internal combustion output response. Apart from the hardware electricity grid, transportation elements engines transformed from pure content, each ECU has specific software or even the toys that our children play with mechanical to electro-mechanical to fully or firmware with various interfaces and including the factories that manufacture all these are powered by Chips. The list could go on, but in the context of this article will restrict to Automotive. Dawn of Electronics in Common ECUs found in a vehicle Automotive Every one of us at some point in time have made use of the automobile in some form or the other as part of our daily routine. Appropriate to recall Daimler’s invention of the gasoline engine, Benz patenting his 3 wheel motor car – Model No. 1 – and much later Ford effectively pioneering (for automotive) the fabled moving assembly- line for mass production of the Model T making it more affordable. The kick-off to the usage of electronics in automobiles go back to 1955 when Philco’s all-transistor 26 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
at UCLA are discovering materials like Boron Arsenide (BAs) that can be integrated into the semiconductor chip design for a better thermal management at full load performance in future electronics packaging. Chip technology will continue to evolve with the latest news on the 2nm announcement from IBM and MIT/TSMC spelling out some breakthroughs to the next logical node. Are we on the path to an angstrom (Å)!!! Device availability from Murata by application typically need support from -40oC to Transformation of vehicle 125oC architecture communication protocols to effectively execute its given function. Effectively, Reliability requirements – AEC Q100 Meanwhile, the vehicle itself is it is an embedded system that controls Functional safety – ASIL safety levels metamorphosing into a smart intelligent the electrical systems internally within a PPAP – Consistency and change/risk machine that would serve many other vehicle and of late progressing to connect management facets of human needs other than with other vehicles and infrastructure as Semiconductor technology has just being transported. The machines well as the cloud. Typically, modern cars transformed exponentially in all aspects are becoming green, mean, lean, self- have about 70 ~ 150 ECUs packed in – transistor density, packaging, form driven and fully connected. Vehicle their architecture based on the features factors, manufacturing processes, et al architecture, with every new generation and options available on the vehicle. – the demand for more innovation from and functionality enhancement, thus far Some of the more common ECUs found almost all applications pushing the has created a rather large and complex are Engine control module (ECM), Body levels of automation has kept surging maze of networked ECUs offering no control module (BCM), Airbag module, the revolution in chips development. more room for flexibility and expansion. Powertrain control module (PCM), This demand has leapfrogged the search This leads to the tipping point of Transmission control module (TCM), for newer materials to transcend the reconsidering the vehicle architecture as Telematics Control Module, Suspension saturation of Silicon as it possibly reaches it becomes unsustainable to add more control module (SCM), Infotainment the limits of Moore’s Law. Research in control modules within for new features. Module (IVI), Battery Management semiconductors materials are on a fast Automotive OEMs and Tier 1s are System (BMS), etc. each with their own pace with new compounds like GaN, already working on alternate vehicular processor, memory and software. Murata Graphene, Pyrite being developed as architectures with the semiconductor offers a large selection of Auto grade potential replacement for Si and GaAs. manufacturers driving in sync and devices that constitute key elements of This nanoscale chip then necessitates propelling industry collaboration to these modules. improvement in thermal management as define protocols and release chips they get much smaller, packed with multi- that will enable these new Centralized Semiconductor technology fold powerful features creating hotspots architecture. Many of us would be now development impacting performance. Researchers familiar with terminologies like Domain Controllers and Zone controllers, which While the automotive system are driving the shift in vehicle network development is complex in itself with architecture. Announcements are in place seamless inter-operability amongst the for Domain controllers being adopted by various sub-systems; the semiconductor some of the well know OEMs/ Tier1 and technology has to keep pace and stay ahead in the innovation cycle to Application areas for Murata Automotive Modules complement the efforts of the automotive OEMs. It would be good to note that the chips required for automotive applications are a notch higher than the consumer products thus driving higher cost to meet these specifications; some of the key attributes are as below. Higher Temperature requirement – September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 27
Scalable Cluster/Telematics Connectivity Platform Concept to Prototype to Mass Production to $3000 for a fully autonomous vehicle as postulated by some industry reports. even our own indigenous automakers are module offerings in the connectivity Several experts feel that more than half beginning to ponder on the transition. space for some target applications from of all automobiles sold will be electric by Domain controllers consolidate features my company, Murata Electronics. 2030, which is not so far in the horizon. from multiple ECUs into a single domain These new requirements and future enabling better efficiency, merging Innovation and feature enhancements aspirations (geo-political included), will functions and SW platforms speeding are not just in the domain of the 4 drive the creation of a more collaborative communications as well as OTA updates wheelers or CVs, the dense population eco-system developing highly powerful for future expansion. Zonal architecture of motor cyclists in our country are not and integrated devices in multiple is a step ahead in integrating multiple far behind in the demand for technology technologies – Chips, Modules, MEMS, unrelated functions with a spatial imbibement into their joyous ride on 2 ranging, batteries, wireless technologies, orientation thus compacting wiring wheels. One such solution that we offer energy harvesting or even Hydrogen harness, connectors and reducing weight. is a bespoke design of a fully connected fuel cells. Given the ongoing chip supply Expectation is that fewer controllers cluster with Telematics for any OEMs/ situation and new vehicle architectures with same processor architecture will Tier1 in partnership with a leading Chip being defined, Automotive OEMs are be present for software compatibility innovator in the automotive domain; a increasing direct exposure to work with and platform migrations for new feature quick peek as below. the semiconductor suppliers, which until integration. now has been the domain of their Tier1, The progressive path would be to consider The way ahead who in turn are considering investments a full Zonal architecture in the future, in fabs and chips of their own. but will it be prudent to partake a hybrid Automotive Electronics trends clearly model to channelize and optimize the indicate the age of the fully connected An important aspect, will be the benefits prior to a full transition. Would car, largely electric and autonomous, visible changes in the automotive value this lead to a fully centralized processing spurring the demand of high performance chain which would transition from the architecture and if so when and will the semiconductors and modules that will existing Tiers (of suppliers) to a Hub & automotive industry embrace it? Coupled essentially ensure the safety of its own Spoke model further moving potentially with the developments in the telecom passengers within as well as those outside. to a matrixed fusion between players world rolling out 5G (6G) networks, AI & The future vehicle is expected to be a (suppliers, telcos, tech giants, OEMs) and ML as well as availability of sophisticated “Mobile on Wheels” focussing on the product cycle (design to after sales). This sensor devices, the march continues rider experience rather than the driver will enable the emergence and sustenance unabated. So much so for the module experience, echoing the need for increased of new players in the eco-system as well evolution. comfort, ambience and productivity. The as the need for crafting relevant business average semiconductor content within models. Some of these include shift to A quick glimpse of the automotive the vehicle is estimated to be around online sales, pay per use, subscription $350 (2x for EV) and expect to go up models and most importantly monetizing the enormous data that would be AUTHOR generated in the connected era that may realize up to a whopping 50% of the RAJESH GOPALAKRISHNA revenues. Software will play a key role in the advancement of vehicles and in Assc General Manager today’s car there is approximately 100 million lines of code. Murata As vehicles become increasingly Rajesh heads the Product Marketing, Application Engineering automated and software defined (on a and Business Development activities of Murata Electronics lighter vein supported by hardware), there India. Is focussed on fostering partnership with design houses, could be close to 500 million lines of code semiconductor companies and system integrators in the required to smoothly run tomorrow’s ecosystem to provide innovative technologies and solutions cars. All these will propel several new in the Mobility and IOT world. He has prolific experience and entrants into the eco-system raising the understanding of the Indian electronics industry leading the demand for strategic multi-level linked market efforts of several semiconductor companies previously. partnerships within this playground for the best user experience of their patrons. In conclusion, there seem to be a dream run awaiting all participants in this space, with a better and safer world but a long road ahead. Brace up, interesting and exciting times !! 28 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 29
Industry Insight Booming of personal security in India turning challenges into solutions SIDDHANT SOMANI Teltonika India Security is more important than ever seek to increase security in other use cases can react immediately. Such IoT safety solutions in today’s world. According to the leverage the same device for the safety and can be helpful for Cashiers, Bank Managers or Ministry of Corporate Affairs of India security of their employees. any other type of front desk employees. annual reports, the annual spending on Security and Welfare in India is 1.6 trillion Areas Where The Iot Security Women Security Rupees. This article will discuss how the use Solutions Can Be Used Women’s security is one of the most emerging of IoT devices can solve many issues in the and sensitive problems in today’s world. Security segment. Offices and Banks According to the National Commission of Security Personnel is present in almost every Women, already 23 722 safety complaints IoT devices can be used as a security tool in organization, but they are not capable to have been made by women in 2021. a variety of ways to track and trace individuals provide immediate help to those who are in & raise an alarm in case of emergency. Alerts need. If someone assaults an employee or Travelling from work to home, being on can be enabled by security personnel, police or poses a threat, how can an employee call for a business trip or walking to a grocery store any other controlling unit and hospitals in case help without being noticed and how much alone might pose a risk for women’s security. of a medical emergency. Another challenge in time it can take to raise the alarm? Let’s Although there are safety tools, such as pepper today’s world is tracking and locating pets and suppose an IoT device with an SOS button or a spray, shock gun or others, they are usually not farm animals if they go missing. 2-way voice communication function is fitted effective and can be used against the victim. under the table. Once it has been pressed, the To increase the security of a person, an IoT The use of real-time data, SOS and security personnel receives an alarm and can tracking device with an SOS Alert button is Geofencing can help to increase the security an effective solution, which helps to discreetly of people and animals. Organizations who 30 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
call for help or inform a relative, security guard guards can also benefit from this during crease the safety and response time when or police officer. patrolling at night. This can minimize the call- public transport drivers are being attacked, to-action time to a minimum. where a driver can create an alert for any Lone Workers mishaps on the road and they can quick- Pets and Farm Animals ly receive help from the authorities near Lone workers usually don’t have any close Have you ever lost your pet? How did you find them. supervision and travel to distant locations it? Or is your pet lost forever? These questions Safety of Kids. The IoT device is a perfect where they are at great risk of accidents. themselves evoke emotions. It can take a lot tool to increase safety of kids at school or Having a personal tracker with an SOS Alert of effort to find a beloved pet or farm animal. parks. Kids can be con- tinuously mon- button could help to inform the authority This could be prevented by the use of an IoT itored and in a case of emergency, family or their family if they are in any danger or tracker. A tracker attached to the collar of members or authorities can act quickly to their life is at risk. Such a solution could the animal helps to continuously monitor provide the required help. help lone workers to feel safe and, if needed, the location and easily find them if they go Farm Animals. If any of the animals goes call for help instantly. One more thing that is missing. missing during grazing or any circum- worth mentioning is a No-Movement Alert stances, they can be tracked and brought that sends an automatic alert message if the What is an IoT Security back to home worker is not able to move. In that case, the System? responsible person can immediately send help Revolution in to the tracked location. IoT Security system is a smart tracker, with Security with Iot its main features such as SOS button, 2-way Sports voice communication module with a GPS As discussed IoT solution earlier, we see great In a sports event like cycling, marathon, technology and data cellular connectivity with potential for increasing security in a variety kayak or other, an athlete cannot be traced a SIM Card. These functionalities are widely of sectors. This solution generally adds many throughout the race. The checkpoints are far used in the USE CASES mentioned above. values, such as quick response time, real-time away with a distance of at least 1 or 2 km. In Configuration of the device is limitless, and monitoring & increases personal security. this case, the athlete can be tracked between the use cases list could be even more extended. Here in India, security is becoming more and the checkpoints using an IoT device. A medical If you are looking for a solution, which can more important, and IoT can help to achieve or emergency alert can be raised through IoT increase the security of employees, family safety goals. From children & women to lone devices by using a SOS button, while the members, kids, pets, guards or lone workers – workers and office employees, IoT trackers athlete can be tracked using the GPS location. the IoT device is the most effective solution for can help us to protect everyone and every day. you. It simply sends a pre-recorded message These systems can be used by the police, fire School Children and informs the responsible person even if Fighters & hospitals to decrease the response Even though children are safe in schools and there is no signal available inside a building. time for any mishaps in the area. Moreover, home using 21st century gadgets, such as a Overall, the design, features and configuration it can be used on a greater scale to increase close circuit camera, they need to be secure possibilities of the IoT device help to prevent security in the city. Since the market requires in the playgrounds, school bus or on their way crimes and increase security. such a solution, more and more companies are home. There is always a fear of a missing child. trying to supply the needs. One such company Kids could be kidnapped or face other dangers Key Points Important to is Teltonika. Located in the heart of Europe, while they are alone. A smart IoT device could Highlight Lithuania, with experience of more than 24 help to track children and help them to easily years in developing IoT solutions, they are raise an alarm when necessary. This would Security Management: Where an individ- working since the revolution of 2G has started increase the security of children and parents ual can be tracked and be provided with in India. Teltonika currently has more than could relax while their children are outside instant help in case of emergency. 1700 Employees worldwide and 28 offices in learning new things. Health Emergencies. As the devices has a more than 18 countries. Teltonika’s mission SOS button and can make calls, it can also is to help people and they are achieving this Drivers & Security Personnel help an individual to get emergency health with smart IoT solutions. Teltonika provides a Crimes happen everywhere – in the streets, at services. 2-year warranty for all of its products. home, at offices or even on public transport. Drivers attacked. As well it can help to in- Taxi drivers, bus drivers, cargo transport drivers face enormous stress during their shifts, AUTHOR and attacks happen when they are focused on the road. How many lives could have been SIDDHANT SOMANI saved if they called for help immediately? Manager (Business Development) - Mobility IoT tracker can help to raise an alert quicker Teltonika India than with a phone in the event of an accident and save drivers’ life. Imagine a device, where Enthusiastic, goal and team-oriented sales a simple press of a button can instantly get professional having a diverse experience in IoT assistance and alert the authorities. Security catering to different industries. Looking after range of products from EV Mobility, Personal and Asset trackers in India. September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 31
Car Launch KIA CARNIVAL LIMOUSINE 7 STR Kia has launched the updated version of the Carnival in Emergency Brake Light Flashing India. The Carnival gets a new top-spec Limousine Plus Airbags - 6 Airbags (Driver, Front Pas- senger, 2 Curtain, Driver Side, Front variant and Kia’s new logo as part of the update. The Passenger Side) price of the Kia Carnival Limousine Plus is Rs 33.99 lakh. Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Kia Carnival will be available in four trims – Premium, Child Seat Anchor Points Prestige, Limousine and Limousine Plus. It will still be Seat Belt Warning offered as a 7, 8 and 9-seater MPV Braking & Traction: Safety Features Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Electronic Brake-force Distribution NCAP Rating- 5 Star (ANCAP) (EBD) Overspeed Warning - 1 beep over Brake Assist (BA) 80kmph, Continuous beeps over Electronic Stability Program (ESP) 120kmph Hill Hold Control Traction Control System (TC/TCS) 32 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
Locks & Security Features: Entertainment, Information Instrumentation: & Communication Features: Engine immobilizer Instrument Cluster Central Locking - Keyless Wireless Charger (Analogue – Digital) Speed Sensing Door Lock Smart Connectivity - Android Auto Analogue/Digital Instrument Cluster Child Safety Lock (Yes), Apple Car Play (Yes) Electronic 2 Trips Meter Integrated (in-dash) Music System Average Fuel Consumption Telematics Features: Touch-screen Display Average Speed Display Screen for Rear Passengers Distance to Empty Find My Car GPS Navigation System Digital Clock Check Vehicle Status Via App 6+ Speakers Low Fuel Level Warning Geo-Fence USB Compatibility Door Ajar Warning Emergency Call Aux Compatibility Adjustable Cluster Brightness Over The Air (OTA) Updates Bluetooth Compatibility (Phone & Gear Indicator Remote AC On/Off Via app Audio Streaming) Analogue – Tachometer Remote Car Lock/Unlock Via app MP3 Playback Instantaneous Consumption Remote Car Light Flashing & Honk- AM/FM Radio ing Via app iPod Compatibility Steering mounted controls Voice Command September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 33
Car Launch PORSCHE CAYENNE E-HYBRID Specifications: Battery Placed Under Rear Seats Middle rear three-point seatbelt Electric Motor - 1 Permanent magnet Middle Rear Head Rest Engine - 2995 cc, 6 Cylinders In V synchronous Placed At Integrated Tyre Pressure Monitoring System Shape, 4 Valves/Cylinder, DOHC with Transmission (TPMS) V8 Petrol engine Regenerative Braking, Idle Start/ Child Seat Anchor Points Fuel Type - Hybrid Stop, Pure Electric Driving Mode Seat Belt Warning (Electric + Petrol) Max Power (bhp@rpm) -456 bhp @ Safety Features: Braking & Traction: 5250 rpm Max Torque (Nm@rpm) -700 Nm @ NCAP Rating- 5 Star (EURO Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Max Engine Performance -335 bhp @ NCAP) Electronic Brake-force Distribution 5300 rpm, 450 Nm @ 1340 rpm Overspeed Warning - 1 beep over (EBD) Max Motor Performance - 134 bhp @ 80kmph, Continuous beeps over Brake Assist (BA) 2800 rpm, 400 Nm 120kmph Electronic Stability Program (ESP) Drivetrain – AWD Emergency Brake Light Flashing Full-Time Four-Wheel-Drive Transmission - Automatic (Torque Airbags - 9 Airbags (Driver, Front Hill Hold Control Converter) - 8 Gears, Sport Mode Passenger, 2 Curtain, Driver Knee, Traction Control System (TC/TCS) Emission Standard – BS6 Driver Side, Front Passenger Side, 2 Ride Height Adjustment Turbocharged Rear Passenger Side) Hill Descent Control 34 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
Limited Slip Differential (LSD) Entertainment, Information Instrumentation: Centre Differential Lock and Communication Features: Digital Instrument Cluster Locks & Security Features: Electronic 1 Trip Meter Smart Connectivity - Android Auto Average Fuel Consumption Engine immobilizer (Yes), Apple Car Play (Yes) Average Speed Central Locking - Remote Integrated (in-dash) Music System Distance to Empty Speed Sensing Door Lock Head Unit Size - 2 Din Digital Clock Child Safety Lock Touch-screen Display Low Fuel Level Warning 6+ Speakers Door Ajar Warning Telematics Features: USB Compatibility Adjustable Cluster Brightness Aux Compatibility Gear Indicator Find My Car Bluetooth Compatibility (Phone) Shift Indicator Check Vehicle Status Via App MP3 Playback Heads Up Display (HUD) Geo-Fence CD Player Analogue – Tachometer Emergency Call AM/FM Radio Instantaneous Consumption Over The Air (OTA) Updates iPod Compatibility Remote AC On/Off Via app Steering mounted controls Remote Car Lock/Unlock Via app Voice Command Remote Car Light Flashing & Honk- ing Via app September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 35
Industry Insight Need for restructuring the E/E architecture with the rise in ACES mobility PRADNYA NANIR M14 Intelligence The world is witnessing a major vehicles are also responsible for creating and actuators data to the centralized transformation in the mobility a shift in data transfer protocols. Design vehicle servers, thereby reducing the industry, at faster pace than and deployment of these systems certainly wiring complexity. Moreover, the safety ever. Vehicles are on the verge of is a complex task and requires advance critical applications such as Emergency taking full control and reliving drivers off their control units and refined architectures braking and Air bag control system are duties. More connected, highly autonomous, that could accommodate the increasing expected to perform real-time in zonal ECU fully electric features are what OEMs are data throughputs. And identifying and architecture. The centralized architecture endeavoring to offer in the passenger cars with re-structuring the E/E architecture is the is expected to become the predominant an aim to position themselves among the top impending challenge for the tech players. vehicle architecture as it significantly automotive innovators. Moreover, opening reduces the number of wires and increases opportunities in the ACES (autonomous, Not only the advanced driver assistance the overall computing power of the vehicle. connected, electric, and shared) mobility has system (ADAS), but every connected, This will also assist OEMs in controlling disrupted the entire automotive value chain, telematics, and electric feature constitute manufacturing costs and increase the thereby revolutionizing the business models the electrical wiring and electronic flexibility to add more software features to of majority stakeholders. components of vehicles. The cost associated enhance the AV capabilities. The Zonal ECU with these technologies and stringent with centralized computing is expected to Perception of environment is the basis time-to-market further adds pressure on be the most sophisticated E/E network for vehicles to drive autonomously and OEMs, tier-1s and system integrators. The architecture and perform seamlessly and ensure high level safety. As the industry technology players are modernizing their independently. However, implementation moves toward increasing functionalities solutions and trying to serve the industry of zonal ECUs with centralized E/E and features, vehicles tend to become by developing customer-specific E/E architecture will create a disruption in the more complex structures. Sensors and architectures that ensures the inclusivity of supplier ecosystem. advanced control units with a perfect blend all the functional architectures. However, of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine there is a need for a uniform architecture that Impact on Supplier Learning (ML) algorithms is enabling balances all interdependent requirements Ecosystem the carmakers to achieve the desired level and design that serves all the modern of technology breakthroughs in today’s vehicle technologies along with higher level The emergence of software segment in automobiles. This is changing the entire of autonomy functions. the vehicle and its progression towards topology of vehicle systems and electrical/ overtaking the hardware segment is creating electronic vehicle system architecture (E/E The E/E architecture traditionally used a change in the automotive supply chain. Architecture) is the prime element. in the vehicles was distributed type and The dependence on software has opened has evolved to domain centralized. With the path for software companies to climb ADAS and Evolution of E/E the increasing ADAS features, OEMs have up in the supply chain. The new entrant architecture realized the need to shift from distributed and other software firms have joined tier-2 E/E architectures to domain controlled, companies to serve directly to the tier-1s and Advance Driver Assistance System (ADAS) where the data generated from multiple OEMs. Acquisition of software companies functionalities are no longer restricted sensors could be processed simultaneously. and start-ups is the major strategy being to just the vehicle safety, but also to the Tesla is the notable example for followed by tier-1s to stay ahead in the race. certain level of autonomy. As the industry implementing domain control architecture progresses towards deploying higher level of for its Autopilot system. All the complex As the industry will adopt centralized autonomy features, it is prerequisite to add autopilot functionalities and the software E/E architecture, the OEMs will require advanced sensor systems, higher computing updates are enabled to perform seamlessly to consolidate software platforms in power, and complex architectures. Sensors through this type of architecture. vehicle hardware. And the future expected such as 4D radars and LiDARs involve implementation of 5G and Artificial high perception computing and large data However, with the further innovative Intelligence (AI) will further increase the processing. The next-generation vehicles feature additions, it is expected that the dependency of OEMs on the software are expected to generate 5-20 TB data E/E architecture will evolve in zonal ECUs players. In this scenario, OEMs are expected by next decade. V2X and autonomous with server-based architecture. The Zonal to work closely with specialized software ECUs are designed to connect the sensors 36 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
providers for defining a platform for every is witnessing a shift of trend towards on- The ADAS and AV software market is vehicle model. This will create a vendor demand services. Connected features, majorly attributed to the industry’s focus lock-in situation and supplier switching telematics, infotainment will no longer be on developing computer vision, AI, and would become an expensive and non- a part of hardware systems in the vehicles, Machine Learning (AL) algorithms along credible choice. The major challenge that over-the air updates will be more frequent. with cyber security. The only software the OEMs will face is limited flexibility and Also, the architecture is expected to be industry is expected to witness over 12 compromises. more scalable and sustainable, giving rise percent CAGR by next decade. of Service -Oriented-Architecture (SOA) OEMs are required to take few strategic which can be used across all the vehicle The ADAS software and E/E market considerations to deal with the changing classes, applications, and ADAS features. growth differs with the change in level of supplier ecosystem. Automakers are autonomy and electrification. For example, involving in strengthening their in-house Since, software and E/E architecture the electronic content and software software capabilities and developing full- remains the biggest focus area for all the algorithms are largely different in level 1 stack competencies. This is being done either leading automotive players, the industry vehicle than that in higher level of autonomy. by talent acquisition, investment in software has witnessed some of the largest M&As Also, the system differs with different development companies, or acquiring and partnerships in the software and E/E powertrains such as ICE, BEV, PHEV, etc. business units. Also, OEMs are speeding market space during last two years which Thus, the growing demand for AD systems, up the time-to-market for new E/E/ recorded an aggregated capital flow of and electric powertrains will drive the architecture solution by centralizing the whooping $100 billion. market growth of software and electronics Software and E/E architecture departments. and open opportunities for companies in Tier-1s are increasing their capabilities in Moreover, the time-to-market of this space. The competition in the market E/E architecture and software market by Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) on public roads is aggressive and companies including jointly working with OEMs to define new is much closer than anticipated. China, Veoneer, Continental Engineering Services, E/E architectural structures. Few of the the U.S., Singapore, and other Western Aptiv, Elektrobit, Siemens Digital Industries tier-1s including Veoneer, Continental, and European countries have unveiled public Software, Bosch Mobility Solutions are Bosch are investing in software capabilities operations of robotaxis and autonomous among the top players. OEMs and Tier 1s and creating a dedicated development, last-mile delivery vehicles (in specific are repositioning their strategies as they are integration, and validation tool chain ODDs). This is driving the tech players to currently not equipped with the software to enable continuous integration and speed up the development and implantation talent. The major focus of these players development. Component suppliers are of advanced software and design scalable is on co-developing the technology with taking steps towards developing specialized architectures that can execute the complex new tech entrants either by partnership software capabilities to ensure the operations of AVs. or acquisition. OEMs and Tier-1s are fulfillment of OEM requirements. Few of combining their resources to re-structure the tier-2s are even successful in by-passing The breakout of COVID-19 pandemic the E/E architecture and find a solution tier-1s and directly partnering with OEMs. though has dented the growth of that better fits for today and scalable for conventional automotive industry, the future innovations. However, this change This sift from vertical tiers to horizontal software and E/E architecture market in the strategic developments amongst the collaboration with suppliers is the one of had an insignificant impact. This sector industry players has created a ripple effect the notable disruptions in the automotive is anticipated to show a market growth down the entire supply chain. industry, today. of 8 percent by 2030. The ECUs/DCUs accounts for largest market share and All the stakeholders in the ACES The ADAS & AV software and expected to grow at moderate rate. This ecosystem are embracing the strategy of E/E architecture industry is is because the price erosion is expected working collaboratively to re-structure and holding a potential of $500 billion to have counteracting effect on the rising redefine the E/E architecture capabilities market by the end of this decade sales of ECUs/DCUs in the ADAS and that will allow a level of sustainability in autonomous driving application. Rising this disruptive industry and sharply reduce The industry is facing magnitude of change adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has the time-to-market for truly autonomous with the emergence of Autonomous driven the surge in the growth of power vehicles. Connected, Electric and Shared (ACES) electronics market. mobility. Advancement in technology have enabled a major shift in consumer AUTHOR behaviours, innovative business models, change in supplier ecosystem, and rise PRADNYA NANIR of start-ups within the mobility space. Principal Consultant – ACES Mobility Software including AI and ML have played M14 Intelligence significant role in driving this market. Pradnya is a technology strategist with years of experience as As software in vehicles is becoming technology consultant in niche markets of Aerospace, Defense, prominent, most of the advanced and Automotive industry. Being one of the founding members functionalities are expected to be enabled at M14 Intelligence, she is contributing towards developing through software. The mobility industry high-growth research practices and strategies so as to enable clients to accelerate growth and position in the emerging tech industries. September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 37
Product Launch INTELLIDASH PRO Car and Driver and The Fesco Group, a market-leading manufacturer of innovative consumer technology solutions introduced the Intellidash Pro, the much-anticipated wireless version in a series of plug-and-play dashboard-mounted IPS touchscreen smart displays. The Intellidash Pro allows drivers to wirelessly integrate their smartphones for a complete Apple CarPlay and Android Auto experience. 38 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
FEATURES: You can even link your deviceÊs Siri VOICE CONTROLS: Uses your Assistant to control the Intellidash smartphoneÊs AI assistant TRUELY Connectivity Technology: Carplay Receiver. WIRELESSLY to make calls and play Bluetooth, USB your favorite music without taking your SIMPLE INSTALLATION: The included eyes off the road. The INTELLIDASH Connectivity Technology: suction mount secures Intellidash PRO PRO has built-in speakers as well as Bluetooth, USB to your dashboard or windshield and an FM transmitter to allow you to can be easily removed and stored broadcast your music from your phone Control Method: when not in use. Comes with a shock- to your car speakers via the radio. Touch absorbing gel strip that you can lay under the INTELLIDASH to protect BLUETOOTH ENABLED: Pair your Audio Output Type: from rattling and contact with your phone to your INTELLIDASH via Speakers dashboard. Bluetooth. So you can listen to music and make calls while you are not using Controller Type: BUILT-IN USB CHARGING PORT: Carplay. XM Satellite Radio (Must Google Assistant, Android Connect your INTELLIDASH PRO to Install the app on your iPhone device. your iPhone using a charging cable You will need a cellular data plan to SMART DISPLAY: Link wirelessly to the USB-C port located on the stream without a Wi-Fi connection, with Apple CarPlay to put all your side of the unit and youÊre done. The subscription required) Listen to over smartphoneÊs best features in a clean, WIRELESS connection allows for both 150 streaming music, news, sports, safe, and easy-to-use touchscreen access to car play, YouTube, Waze, and talk radio stations through securely mounted on the dashboard SiriusXM Radio (subscription required) Intellidash. of your vehicle. Handle navigation, apps while your device is charging. messages, phone calls, music, SiriusXM, and more WIRELESS-LY. September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 39
Product Launch AMBRELLA CV2FS Ambarella’s ASIL B-compliant CV2FS combines high-performance and power-efficient computer vision acceleration, superior image processing (ISP), and H.264 video compression in a single SoC. Ambarella’s highly efficient CVflow® computer vision engine delivers deep neural network (DNN) processing and a dedicated stereo vision accelerator to enable efficient implementation of mono and stereo algorithms for the next generation of intelligent automotive cameras. 40 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
Key Features: Advanced Image Processing Functional Safety Computer Vision Engine CVflow® Multi-exposure line-interleaved HDR Error correcting code (ECC) protection Real time multi-scale / multi-FOV of on-chip memory on DRAM CNN- / DNN-based processing to en- generation Central error handling unit (CEHU) able detection, classification, tracking, Hardware dewarping engine support Processing island targeted to meet ASIL and more Multiple camera support B requirements; safety island targeted to Dense optical flow engine LED flicker mitigation meet ASIL D requirements Tools for high- and low-level algorithm Superior low-light processing development RGGB / RCCB / RCCC / RGB-IR / Target Applications CNN toolkit for easy porting with Caffe, monochrome sensor support PyTorch, TensorFlow, and ONNX Single- / multi-camera ADAS High-Efficiency Video DMS and in-cabin solutions Stereo Processing Engine Encoding Single- / multi-channel electronic mir- rors with BSD Enabling generic obstacle 8MP30 H.264 video encoding Parking assistance systems detection, terrain modeling, performance and more Flexible multi-streaming capability Multiple CBR and VBR bit rate control modes Smart H.264 encoder algorithms September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 41
Advertorial Are fuel price rises an 8-10 year lifespan and the highest ingress RTG Trackers developed a customised fuel impacting your business? protection rating (IP69K) making them monitoring solution, using Omnicomm’s Fuel prices have increased 21 times in 2021, suitable in the toughest conditions. The new technology to validate refuelling and with diesel prices increasing by ` 6.08 per Omnicomm LLS 5 sensors include Fuelscan consumption. The client immediately litre. By the end of July, diesel was priced at ` technology that automatically adapts to fuel identified inefficiencies and saved up to 300+ 89.93 per litre. The rise in fuel prices will have changes while maintaining 99.5% accuracy. liters of fuel per crane per month. Transparent a devastating impact on the economy, which Unique Fuelmetrix technology filters noise fuel data improved asset planning and is still recovering from the Covid-induced in fuel data due to vibrations. Omnicomm management. RTG and Omnicomm have crisis. According to the Economic Times, products work with Omnicomm’s advanced deployed solutions for heavy lifts across more transporters and freighters are seeking a fleet monitoring and analytics platform than 50 locations in India. 10-15% freight cost increase, primarily due to (Omnicomm Online) as well as third party low margins. Profits have decreased while fuel software, and are customisable according to Telecom towers: 25-30% fuel costs remain at an all-time high, contributing the customer’s needs. savings and 5-10% less electricity to about 50% of total operational expenses. consumption for leading Indian OMNICOMM partners (FMS mobile service provider An All India Study* reports that the providers, ERP vendors, IoT SDP vendors) A mobile tower consumes 5-15KW of transport sector consumes 70% of diesel, serve customers in industries including electricity and up to 1,000 litres of fuel followed by agriculture (about 13%). The logistics and transportation, railroads, every month. About 40% of towers have a remaining 17% comprises industry (9.02%), telecommunications, oil and gas, ships and backup battery bank and diesel generators. mobile towers (1.54%) and others (6.45%) vessels, mining, agriculture and construction. Omnicomm India has teamed up with energy including gensets for non-industrial purposes, Omnicomm partners benefit from reliable analytics partner Mindshift Analytics to civil construction, etc.Fleet managers can’t and durable equipment, lifetime support, develop a telecom tower energy monitoring control fluctuating fuel costs, but they seamless integration, excellent training and solution for a leading mobile service provider can properly track fuel usage to achieve a sales support.Through its legendary fuel in India. Omnicomm fuel sensors mounted reduction in fuel consumption. Smart fuel sensors and robust fuel APIs, Omnicomm on diesel g enerators work with IOT gateways monitoring solutions aid efficient fleet is creating an ecosystem of fuel and energy to continuously monitor and consolidate management and improve fuel savings. saving solutions for diverse industries. data in the cloud, providing complete visibility of fuel and energy consumption, Telematics trends 2021: Road construction machinery: DG set efficiency and battery efficiency. Are you ready? Saving fuel and improving agility This has resulted in fuel savings of 25-30% Manually collecting fuel data, lost receipts, for 6 of top 10 road construction and further energy savings of 5-10%. Using human error and/or intentionally distorted companies in India ML algorithms to detect anomalies early, data results in inaccurate budgeting and Omnicomm’s partner Locate 360 develops infrastructure managers can plan advance inefficient resource management. industrial asset tracking and productivity replacements, optimize workforce journeys improvement solutions for several leading and prevent catastrophic site outages. It is time for businesses in India to add NHAI contractors. Omnicomm’s sensors fuel monitoring to telematics solutions and and fuel APIs monitor receipts, issues and Conclusion: get transparent real-time data to monitor consumption throughout the fuel supply Monitoring fuel is more crucial than ever refills, pilferage, vehicle idling, harsh driving, chain at remote sites, enabling Locate 360 to before. Efficient fuel usage contributes to and even vehicle performance and scheduled create a cost index for every operational asset. savings, which in turn increases profitability. maintenance. Take control of fuel operations Site operation managers can identify and and start saving money with Omnicomm redeploy unused assets, check fuel pilferage Omnicomm fuel monitoring solutions advanced fuel monitoring solution! and track production costs, while contractors provide essential data-driven insights report 20-30% fuel savings. and tools to drive business optimization, What is Omnicomm fuel monitoring efficiency, cost reductions and the ability to solution? Heavy lifts and cranes: Fuel stand out from the competition. With over two decades of industry monitoring helps manage fuel costs. experience, Omnicomm is a leading Barkat Cranes, a leading crane rental company *Study was conducted by M/s Nielsen manufacturer and developer of IoT-based fuel in India, faced rising fuel costs and a lack of (India) Pvt Ltd for Petroleum Planning management solutions. transparency in fuel usage data from far-flung and Analysis Cell (PPAC) of Petroleum stationary assets. Omnicomm’s partner Ministry. Omnicomm fuel-level sensors are the most accurate and reliable in the market, with 42 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 43
Industry Insight Internet of Things (IoT) Security What is it, and how can I keep my devices secure? PREETI AGARWAL What is IoT? saving the planet and help the humanity open doors for the attackers. Legacy IoT devices like medical imaging devices and The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the Why does IoT need to be industrial automation equipment runs billions of physical devices (“things”) that Secure? on obsolete and unsupported software are embedded with sensors, software and and are not frequently updated. This are connected to the internet. Besides the The Internet of Things (IoT) solves declines the overall security posture of everyday objects like kitchen appliances, important business concerns while also the environment and make IoT a low thermostats, baby monitors, IoT devices posing significant risks. IoT is also being hanging fruit for the attackers. Attackers also include sophisticated autonomous used in the critical infrastructures that easily get a foothold on the IoT device cars and industrial tools. At an even contribute highly on the economy, it compromising a vulnerability like a weak larger scale think of connected defence makes security measures for IoT systems password. Once a cybercriminal gets equipment, medical devices, and entire very critical mainly due to its increasing access to one device, they can use lateral smart city infrastructure. connectivity. Security is one of the biggest movement techniques to find other concerns with IoT as the devices expose vulnerable devices in the network and do This internet connectivity makes the both consumers and enterprises to IoT- severe attacks like ransomware, crypto- devices digitally intelligent enabling them targeted cyber threats and privacy issues. mining, password stuffing and remote to exchange data with other devices and code execution. systems over the internet without human As per McKinsey projections, by intervention. 2023, there will be 43 billion IoT devices Some of the companies also collect connected to the internet. Most of the IoT data from the sensors in IoT devices and The IoT fabric is becoming smarter, devices (98% source: IoT business news) monetize it. This may include PII data. growing exponentially and rapidly are not designed with the “security first” Cyber criminals may use this information merging the digital and physical worlds. principal. IoT device traffic is unencrypted and combine with other data fragments IoT enhances the way we live and and exposes confidential information to to compromise privacy. These attack improves the quality of life. the attackers. Around 51% of IoT devices trends have made users wary of the have security vulnerabilities that are like I believe IoT is an opportunity, and it will be significantly instrumental in I believe IoT is an opportunity, and it will be significantly instrumental in saving the planet and help the humanity 44 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
consequences of the security breaches complex due to the scale and size of the It is important to reducing the adaption of IoT. For any IoT fabric. transformation, it is essential to build the use only the permitted consumer trust and ensuring security is Compute Power in-built from design. Because IoT devices have limited software in IoT computing and power capabilities, Understanding IoT Security designing, and implementing encryption devices as the open- Challenges or authentication methods is difficult. For maximum IoT security, these source libraries The security of critical infrastructure cryptographic algorithms must be able networks has conventionally been to work on small devices and compatible and components ensured by isolating the networks from with the device’s compute capabilities. the outside. However, these networks are Lightweight and pluggable solutions many times have becoming integrated with information should be created and deployed to match networks to enable business innovation, the limited compute power of IoT devices. inherent security and recently there have been demands to connect them to external networks IoT Device Heterogeneity vulnerabilities to enable coordination with IoT-driven IoT devices are heterogeneous in terms remote maintenance and other services. of their capabilities, communication that opens door protocols, technical interfaces etc. This Several IoT appliances/devices cannot poses serious challenges when trying for attackers. It is be patched with security fixes as a result to secure the end-to-end security that almost all devices will be at risk. Hackers requires the devices to share information important to keep are now actively aiming IoT devices such and collaborate. as routers and webcams because their the device software inherent lack of security makes them Establishing secure sessions and vulnerable and easy to compromise. secure communication becomes complex updated with latest with a variety of communication These IoT security challenges are technologies at play. Organizations face a patches installed. partly due to the technical nature problem designing and executing security of IoT ecosystem as well as due to protocols that cover such a wide range devices, network, perimeter, and the the unique security requirements. of diverse IoT devices. When designing other parts of the IoT ecosystem that are Technical ecosystem has unique defensive measures to ensure IoT security, specific to the given environment. characteristics and must deal with keep these characteristics in mind. scalability, distributed, heterogeneity, low It is important to use only the permitted energy, and omnipresent nature of IoT Key Mistakes that put your software in IoT devices as the open-source devices. Authentication, confidentiality, Business at Risk libraries and components many times integrity, and end-to-end security, on have inherent security vulnerabilities that the other hand, are the inherent security Following are some common mistakes/ opens door for attackers. It is important requirements. ignorance that can result into fatal cyber- to keep the device software updated attacks: with latest patches installed. In addition, Referring to ITU IoT reference model the devices should authenticate before that is composed of four layers as well as Not having a security and privacy joining the network to ensure that only management capabilities and security program trusted entities have network access. capabilities. Security aspects need to be Security not being incorporated into looked at each layer. the product designing and ecosystems Because IoT endpoints have Insufficient security understanding limited processing and memory, it is Fulfilling these requirements is difficult and training for engineers and recommended to leverage firewall and given the constraints and limitations in architects perimeter security layer to filter malicious computational and power resources. Lack of visibility & Insufficient traffic transmitted closest to the ingress monitoring of devices and systems to point. Identity & AUT Hentication expose security events Immature incident response practice With reference to ITU IoT reference IoT devices and objects should be able Refer https://w-se.com/the-owasp- model, different layer has different to recognize and authenticate each other. iot-top-10-list-of-vulnerabilities/ for security requirements: When many entities (i.e. devices, humans, OWASP top 10 IoT vulnerabilities. software etc.) are involved authentication Application Layer: Authorization, becomes difficult. An academic survey How to Secure IoT Devices? authentication, application data found that there are more than 80 confidentiality and integrity difference authentication mechanisms IoT security needs to be a multi-layered protection, privacy protection, proposed or implemented. There is no approach starting from securing the security audit and anti-virus authentication standard at this point. Network Layer: Authorization, Authentication can also become more authentication, use data and signalling data confidentiality, and signalling integrity protection September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 45
Device Layer: authentication, authorization, device integrity validation, access control, data confidentiality and integrity protection. Specific security capabilities are closely coupled with application- specific requirements, e.g., mobile payment, security requirements. When designing the security of IoT devices, you must consider the custom security procedures in addition to conventional security procedures. It would be best if you assured device security, network security, and the overall security of the IoT architecture and system. To secure IoT devices, you can Source: ITU-T Y.2060 IoT Reference Model Limit the detection of these devices use the following security best on the network: To reduce the practices: device vulnerable to password stuffing attack service avoid leaks of sensitive attacks. personally identifiable information Deploy tamper-resistant IoT devices: Adaptive authentication should be (PII) close the unwanted ports Deploy tamper-resistant IoT devices encouraged: Contextual information on the device. To allow only the that are disabled when tampered with. and machine learning techniques authorized clients to discover the IoT Make physical security a priority: are used in adaptive authentication, device, you’ll need correct service Physically isolate devices and allow also known as context-aware mechanisms and authentication only authenticate human access. authentication (CAA), to assess protocols. Install fixes and update firmware: the risk of malice. The user will be Divide the network into segments: Upgrades, firmware updates, and requested a multi-factor token if the Virtual local area networks (VLANs), patch installations should all be done risk is high. IP address ranges, and their as soon as the manufacturer releases Strong encryption and protocols combinations categories help break them. should be used: Use robust large networks into smaller local Perform dynamic testing: This encryption in various IoT protocols networks. This allows you to depict method reveals both code flaws and to ensure secure data transmission distinct segments controlled by hardware security issues. (Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Thread, firewalls by creating distinct security Protect data when disposing of Wi-Fi, cellular, 6LoWPAN, NFC, etc.) zones. IoT devices: Define protocols for Reduce device bandwidth usage: disposing of IoT devices as they Avoid being a target of IoT-borne Conclusion become obsolete. Devices that have distributed denial of service been improperly discarded might (DDoS) attacks by limiting network As your organization’s IoT grows, you represent a threat to privacy and be capabilities and bandwidth to the must ensure that adequate IoT security used for a variety of harmful reasons. absolute minimum required for the solutions are implemented and proven to Use strong authentication: Always device to function. be effective in protecting your distributed use strong passwords and change assets from cyberattacks. To keep your default passwords as this makes the internet-connected devices safe and secure, use the security principals as AUTHOR mentioned above in conjunction with IoT security software. In this article I wanted PREETI AGARWAL to touch upon the IoT specific cyber security challenges and best practices. Cyber Security Researcher, Internet of things (IoT), We have just scratched the surface of the Cloud Architect, Technology Strategist & Tech IoT world, and I believe the possibilities Influencer are endless. I am eager to see us all go to the next stage where we embrace IoT with confidence and trust. 46 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 47
Industry Insight Signs of a Bad Transmission Control Module (TCM) UpFix A very surprising situation that is not so common is to be stuck in one gear. This sometimes happens when the transmission module faces some serious problems and glitches. It can be a dangerous scenario but mostly it’s just about a little discomfort if the gear is stuck in the 1st or 2nd. One can easily put the car into motion if the gear is stuck on either of the two but if it is stuck on a higher gear you may not be able to drive it to the service station Cars are an amazing invention and also a very that hard to pick up but not everyone is able to see them. So let us convenient asset to everyone. They make life easy and list some signs of a bad transmission control module so that you save us from wasting a lot of time on travel. Though can keep an eye out for them. sometimes it is possible that your beloved car can start giving you problems. These problems are sometimes related to Check Engine Light small malfunctions like a flat tire and sometimes they are major problems like engine malfunction. Problems like these can cause Probably the easiest and the most efficient way of looking out for a lot of problems and delays in your everyday life. It is thus better transmission control module problems is to keep an eye on the to see these problems coming in advance so that you can try to get check engine light. If the check engine light comes on it mostly things repaired and save money. means that there is some problem with the transmission system and the engine. You can run a few basic tests to understand where Thus you should always look out for symptoms that point to exactly the fault is but you can cross out things like low engine oil upcoming problems of a bad transmission. These signs are not or a flat tire. 48 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
While running the tests your car will be connected to a scanner something wrong with the transmission. which will show different codes for different problems in the car. An automatic transmission, like a transmission control module If the code P0700 is showing then there would definitely be a problem with the transmission control module. mazda 3, also sometimes faces issues with downshifting. Ideally, when you decrease your speed your transmission control module Unintended Gear Shifts should automatically downshift the gear. Though there are times when this does not happen and this can point to problems in the In automatic transmission cars, most of the transmission is transmission control module. dependent on the control module. If there is a problem with your transmission then your car will shift into gears at the wrong time. You should get this looked at as it can be a big problem Another symptom that your car might show is when the gear shifts into neutral while driving without warning. Such problems are Unable to shift out of a gear mostly very dangerous as they can cause serious accidents at high speeds. A very surprising situation that is not so common is to be stuck in one gear. This sometimes happens when the transmission module Higher Gear Shifting Issues faces some serious problems and glitches. It can be a dangerous scenario but mostly it’s just about a little discomfort if the gear is Have you sometimes noticed that you have problems shifting into stuck in the 1st or 2nd. One can easily put the car into motion if a higher gear? You try to go from 2nd to 3rd but it feels that there the gear is stuck on either of the two but if it is stuck on a higher is something acting against you trying to do so. This means that gear you may not be able to drive it to the service station. there is a problem with the transmission which needs to be fixed as soon as possible. Delay in Shifting With an automatic transmission, a similar problem can arise Transmission shifting delay is quite a common problem and is which shows a slightly different symptom. You might notice seen in many old cars. Shifting delay is basically when the gear sometimes that it is time for the transmission to shift to a higher takes more time than usual to shift to an upper or lower gear. This gear but this does not happen. The RPM keeps increasing and can cause a lot of problems while driving, especially when you are the transmission does not up-shift the gear. When this happens going uphill. Delay in gear shifting will result in you losing speed it simply means that there is a problem with the transmission rather than gaining it. control module. Letting such problems continue will lead to even greater problems that will burn a hole in your pocket. It also becomes a dangerous situation when you are trying to overtake a car and you accelerate but because of the delay, the car Lower Gear Shifting Issues does not pick up the acceleration. This can cause serious accidents so you should always take the delay problem seriously and get it Similar to problems with shifting to a higher gear, there are fixed as soon as you can. problems while shifting to a lower gear which points to problems in the transmission module. Bad fuel economy You’re on a one-lane highway and you see a short window of This is not the most serious problem out there related to a faulty opportunity to overtake the guy in front. To get the acceleration transmission control and is neither dangerous but it is still a you obviously have to downshift but you find some resistance that problem. Fuel economy plays a huge role in today’s world because does not let you successfully downshift. This is a sign that there is first of all bad fuel economy means spending more money and secondly the world is running out of fuels very quickly so a car that gives lower fuel economy is considered bad for the environment. So if you realize that your car is consuming more fuel than normal then you should get it checked quickly. It may point to some minor or major problems with your transmission control module. A person mostly faces many issues with a car irrelevant of regular servicing. There are many types of problems that one can face and a faulty transmission control module is just another one of them. These modules are not very easy to fix and the problems can keep on increasing iof you keep ignoring them. That also means that the price of repairs will keep going up. So it is advisable that you always get such problems fixed as from UpFix if you see the aforementioned symptoms in your car. September 2021 | Telematics Wire | 49
Industry Insight How the rise of vehicle electronics & connectivity will impact the future of automotive manufacturing LAWRENCE VIVOLO Dell Technologies To define a future-proof infrastructure architecture for Smart Factory, we must start by understanding the future of automotive manufacturing. The future car, and its ecosystem & lifecycle, will define its infrastructure requirements. The dramatic growth of electronics content new streams of revenue – some of which like and what kind of ecosystem is needed in vehicles in recent years is driving major haven’t been discovered yet. The one to build it, we can then define the future changes in the automotive industry. While common thread is data. Data is king. The infrastructure requirements for Smart Advanced Driver Assistance Systems more access vendors have to real-time Factories. and Autonomous Driving (ADAS/AD) data, whether from in the smart factory development have been a major focus, or from the customer’s connected car, the One of the first areas that the survey electrification of the vehicle drivetrain more opportunity to benefit. But only if focused on, for obvious reasons, was has recently become very significant as companies are prepared to leverage it. electrical and electronic system challenges. companies seek greener alternatives to the From the survey it became clear that there internal combustion engine. At the same Dell Technologies has been working is a great desire for creation of a future- time, vehicle connectivity, 5G availability extensively with Original Equipment proof architecture for in-car electronics. are both seeing unprecedented growth. All Manufacturers (OEMs) and Tier 1 This is supported by the fact that companies of these factors are driving semiconductor Automotive suppliers for many years and are moving toward a service-oriented content within each car higher at a time recently sponsored a Ward’s Automotive architecture that is software defined. when the pandemic has taught us that survey focused on future vehicle design Interestingly, the survey respondents also traditional just-in-time manufacturing trends with emphasis on the impact placed a high priority on a future proof methodologies don’t necessarily work for on infrastructure requirements. Wards architecture for their data center. semiconductors. surveyed over 300 global automotive professionals from OEMs; Tier 1 and To understand why companies are What’s exciting though is that on- Tier 2 suppliers; a mix of manufacturing moving toward a software-defined car we board electronics and 24x7 connectivity operations; quality; supply chain; and only need to look at some of the recent bring with them new opportunities – from purchasing professionals to help us define luxury cars on the road today. As was noted manufacturing quality improvement to the future requirements of vehicles. Once by Bosch, it is not uncommon for a luxury enhanced customer experiences and even we understand what the future car looks car to have over 100 electronic control units (ECUs). Each ECU has its own software, As highlighted by the results of a 2020 Wards Intelligence/Dell Technologies survey, the automotive supply chain and automakers in particu- lar are focusing their efforts to develop future-proof and flexible E/E system architectures that can easily adjust to features and requirements of future generations of vehicles. 50 | Telematics Wire | September 2021
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