ມ.2_ສຶກສາພົນລະເມືອງ_Civic

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ!D 7;k,\\kpdkoxqdxadIadlk,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; ,6og-NvG c,oj 75o7kj mk’fhko9yf.9 g-y’j wfhxtdv[lhk’zkj ow]ptg;]kvaopk;oko0v’ -,5 -oq F ,oa xtdv[,[u oa fk[d5 7t]dy F Iuf7v’xtgroFu 7;k,7fy F ;4y du kofe]q’-;u fy c]t wfoh e.-h ,6og-Nvf’aj dkj ;c8Ij o5j oU ln[8+Io5j vonj wxg]NvpM ,6og-Nvvkf9t,us^kpxtgrff’ja ouhG { ,o6 g-vN lvj ’cl’g4’y xtl[q dko.odkozt]fy F dkoxd6 g0kQ F gIfa wIFj gIfa l;o gxoa \\1= k rNog,nv’F xoyj xq;7qog9a[F 8Os6dm=w\\F spy[xad4adcl;j F xAo\\=hF s^+wsF lkodt[5’F dt8kj c]t vnoj M { ,6og-Nv.ofhko;afmtotmeG ,k]tpkf.odkooq[ws;hF dyo16jF o5j’4nF dkoxkdg;QkF dkorq[xtlhk’laoF dkorq;raog-’yj dao c]t daoD { ,6og-NvdkovvdcI’’ko c]t dko8+l6hG f5\\ajo0tspao.odkovvdcI’’’koF ,u9yf.9Iad-kfgfaf fPj ;8+l6h8hko9addtraf8kj ’fhk;1kj ’vq’vkfdhkskoDDD { ,o6 g-vN .ofkh ol]y txtF dk[dvoF rtspkF lr5 klfy F g]vjn ’omy koF 0[a F ]ec8]j tmvh ’4ojy DDD @D dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t glu,0tspkp,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’-kf c8]j t7oq d,= gu -vN lkp;’q 8tdo5 F ,o6 g-vN voa f’u k, ltgrkt0v’.z]k;D ,o6 g-vN gxoa de]’a cI’ -5dfao7qo I5oj .\\lj n[mvfdhk;wx0hk’|hk1kj ’[+15f1A’F vaogIaf.sh,6og-nhvfa’j dkj ;0tspkp c]t rafmtokwxg]NvpMD dkoglu,0tspkp,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; c,jodkoltcf’g4y’ 7;k,I[h6 o5 7o5 0v’[oa rt[]6 f5 .og,vjn dvj o c]t dkofe]’q -;u fy 0v’r;dgrojy ,7u ;k,g\\ktl,q d[a l’jy .f|’jb .o7k;ooA g-’jy ,zu oq ltmvh o,kg4’y xt9[5 oa grvjn .srh ;dgIkq l[n mvf g-oja ]d6 g-oja sk^ o8w+ xD f’ja ooA r;dgIkq gxoa zl6h n[mvf,o6 g-Nvvoa fu’k,ooA F r;dgIkq 8vh ’xdq xda Ida lk c]t glu,0t spkp,6og-nhvmfuj u’k,0v’7v[7q;w;hD grvnj gxaodkoxtdv[l;j ogIaf.sh,6og-Nv0v’-kf,u7;k, vf5 ,q l,q [o6 F gr,ju de]’a cI’mk’fkh o,o6 g-vN G gvdt]da 0v’-kf.sgh 0,A c0’F \\oA 7’q w;7h P’7dj6 [a -kf]k;8ts^vfwxD #D raomt c]t 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[0v’c8j]t7qo .odkoxqdxadIadlk c]t glu,0tspkp,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q;F mhv’4yjo0v’8qo rqo]tg,nv’]k;m5d7qo9t8hv’g7qk]q[oa[4nF gvdvhk’ c]t glu,0tspkp,6og-Nvvaofu’k, 0v’7v[7q;F fe]q’-u;yfxvf.lF 0k;ltvkfF [+gIafly’j mu[j +fuF muoj ezqoglpskp,kg4y’-nlj P’F dPfladlu0v’7v[7q; c]t mhv’4yoj D 48

g/yd/qos^+s^v,8qogv’.sh,u7;k,I6hF 7;k,lk,kfgrvnj l’qj glu,F g]nvdg2Ao c]t oegvqk;ymt ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ pklkf.\\Mj g0Qk,krafmtok c]t xqdxadIadlk,6og-Nvfa’j dkj ;.shfud;kj gdqkj D ovdoAo d=8hv’ gzupcz,j 6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q;F mhv’4yoj l6lj kp8kla’7q, c]t -kfvnoj D dkoIPoI6h9kd la’7q,rkp.o c]t rkpovdgrnvj ,krafmtok7v[7q;0v’8qogv’F dvj o9tIa[gvqk9kdla’7q, rkpovdoAo9t8hv’wfh]t,af]t;a’F I6hg]nvdg2Aolyj’mujfu’k,cmfg\\ktda[ltrk[c;f]hv,F Iuf7v’xtgrou c]t ,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q;F mhv’4yoj c]t 0v’-kf]k;D gInvo-q']k; g]njv’ G ;y4udkofe]q'-u;yf0v'-k;-qoot[qf 7v[7;q 0v’-k;-oq ot[fq 9tIda lk;4y fu e]’q -;u fy 8k,c[[xtgrogu f,u 0v’g0kq g9kQ w;wh ffh u g4y’;kj xfa 9[5 oa 9t,udkoxPj ocx’c];h d8= k,D dkofe]q'-u;yf16j-qoot[qf 49

c8]j t7v[7q;-qoot[qf g;]k #{$G WW 3,’g-Qk 3fpltgrkt.o]tf6gIafok c8]j t7v[ 7q;9txt8y[af|hk;Pdr=.zr=]k;g-aoj G r+gInvod=9a[w4]q’ok s^n wx1k,,v’F 1k,8hvo 1k,w- DDD [k’7oq d9= tvvdwx1k,dtm[u F dt8ej 8k,7e0;aole][a z-h6 kp< 8ojn c8gj -kQ wfgh dkQ mk’1k,< c,jgInvo9t8hv’]5d|B’g0QkF gxqjkw2F 8eg0QkF 8adoEF gIaf16j7q;dyoF gdnv\\6F gdnvwdj c]t c8’j 9a’saowx;afDDD g,vnj xAog0Qkg-Qkc]h;d=wxwIFj l;oF okDDD 7;k,-yog7up0v'g0qkg9QkD l;j ozgh6 4kQ wx.l[j kfF 1kfoE 8k,Ifu 7v’xtgrou 9kdooA dd= [a ,k[kh oF g/kQ gIvn o9da 8vdF s^n gvqks^koohvpD 8vo7jezq;vkfwxxt-5,[hko s^n radzjvo16jgInvoF lj;og,pg0ao/hkpF r+g4Qkg]qjkoymko .ssh k^ oovh p2’a DDD 4hkgInvo.f,u]6dlk;d=]q’0j;’ g0ao/hkp9qoIvfgfydD [k’7A’7k;9twfhpyolP’05jp c7of’a 7vj pM 9kdvkh p[kj ;wxmPj ;0;j ’],q lk;D gInvo.f1.j6 d;h fa d=wfph yolP’]t7’a F lP’lf6 ,oq c]t lP’9,qj |a’ln0v’9q;ohvpD pk,gfydfnoj c8]j t7v[7q;ovo’P[lts’af g;Aoglpc8lj P’\\kgsqkj F wd0j ao s^n lP’c7o pk,gfyd0v’[kj ; mduj [a 9kd],q lk;]’q 0;j ’g0oa /kh pD pk,]tf6okxuc]h; -u;yf0v’-k;[hko d=9txPj ocx’wx8k,xtgroumugj 7upxt8y[afln[8+dao ,kc8j[6IkootdkogIafokF wIjF c]h;d=gIafIQ;l;oF me,kskdyo c]t vnjoMg-ajoG wrsphkF cx’gIvn oF lkodt8kj dt[’5 F 8ej loY mw= \\F 8u,ufF rkh F lP,F 0;koF zt]fy g7vnj ’,8n kj ’MF dkogIfa [5omemkog0Qk;af2a’me c]t dkoc8’j fv’d=,adgduf0Bo.o]tf6oU g-oaj daoD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ vtmy[kpla[G { c8’j 9’a soa G c8’j vkskowx;fa 8vog-kQ gfoyj [hkomzuj 6hlk; rhv,dao g0ao/hkp { 0;j ’ G gIfa .szh kh pgxoa gloA pk; { g0oa /kh p G 7e4k, !D 7;k,\\kp0v’dkoxdq xda Ida lk,o6 g-Nvvoa fu’k,0v’7v[7;q c,oj co;.fL @D gxoa sp’a 9’jb xdq xda Ida lk,o6 g-Nvvoa fu’k,0v’7v[7;q L #D ,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q;-k;-qoot[qf,u7nuco;.fL $D ,6og-Nv0v’7v[7q; ,uzqoltmhvo8+g-aoj ]6ds^ko7nco;.fL oadIPo,u7;k,gvdvhk’F mtoq’.9co;.f8+7v[7q;0v’8qoL 50

&D r;dgIqk7;ofe]q’-u;yfco;.f grnjv.shlq,da[,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; c]t ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ mvh ’4oyj 0v’8oq L *D oadIPo7;ogIafspa’ grnvj xqdxadIadlk,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; c]t mhv’4yoj w;h7P’7d6j a[-kf]k;8ts^vfwxL [qfIPo dkoxdq xda Ida lk,o6 g-vN voa f’u k,0v’7v[7;q gxoa l’jy 7e7oa c]t ,7u o5 7kj l’6 F m’a gIfa .s,h o6 g-Nv0v’-kf,u7;k,v5fq,lq,[6owxfh;pIuf7v’xtgrouF ;afmtotmevaofu’k,1jk’s^;’s^kp g-y’j gxaoly’j gvdvhk’mtoq’.98+da[-k;3]dD ltoAo gIqk7;oxqdxadIadlk c]t glu,0tspkp ,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q;F mhv’4yjogrnvj glu,lhk’.sh7qoI5jo|5j,ln[mvf ,uxtlq[dko c]t ,du e]’a cI’.odkofe]’q -;u fy F m’a xtdv[l;j ogxoa ,o6 g-vN c]t gxoa gvdt]da 0v’-kf]k;gIkq D [qfg/ydsaf !D oadIPo9q’j g]qkj g4y’gsfdko8q;9y’ dPj ;da[dko9afrymu[klul60j ;ao.f|b’j muwj fh9af0Bo 1g6j Invo0v’8qogv’7nco;.fL c]t 8qogv’,u7;k,I6hlbd8+rymuf’aj dkj ;co;.fL @D r;dgIqk9txqdxadIadlk c]t lq’j glu,,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; c]t mhv’4uoj 7n co;.fL #D oadIPo gsaofu s^n [+gsaofuda[0=h7;k,],5j oUL phvospa’L dD c8]j t7v[7q;F g-Nvlkp]h;oc8,j u,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’.z]k; 0D dkoxqdxadIadlk,6og-Nvvaofu’k,0v’7v[7q; c,oj ltcf’g4y’7;k,I6h[5o75o 8+r+c,Fj x6pj kj 8kpkp c]t [aort[6]5fD 7D 7v[7q;m5dpkdF [+,uspa’m9uj tgvdvhk’mtoq’.9 ’D ,o6 g-Nv[+9egxoa xdq xda Ida lk grkt,oa gxoa l’yj msuj ^kh s^’a 9D dkoxqdxadIadlk c]t glu,0tspkp,6og-Nv0v’7v[7q; wfh-;j pgxaode]a’cI’ .odkofe]’q -u;yf0v’r;dgIkq ln[mvf8+wxD $D 9q’j g]qkj l6\\j 62j a’dPj ;da[,6og-Nv0v’mhv’4yoj s^n 7v[7q;0v’8qogv’ Xvk-u[F Iuf7v’ xtgrou dk[dvoF l5rklyfF rtspkDDD?L &D l;j oohv’gv’wfhgIafspa’cfj grnvj xqdxadIadlk c]t glu,0tspkp,6og-Nvvaofu’k, 0v’7v[7q;F mhv’4yoj c]t gxaoz6hln[mvf8+wx9tgIafco;.fL 51

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu !! dkog-njv\\Ao8qogv’ !D 7;k,\\kp0v’dkog-njv\\Ao8qogv’ \\kpg4’y dkogr’jy 8oq gv’F g-vjn \\oA 7;k,lk,kf0v’8oq gv’F g4’y 9t,7u ;k,sp’h5 pkdxko.f d=8k,F 8qogv’8hv’,u7;k,g-nvj \\Ao c]t zkj ozkj wx.shwfhF gIqk8hv’,u7;k,f5\\aoj rkdrPoF ,]u t[P[;wy oF g7kq ][q dfq \\kpF ,ou E.9l-h6 oq F gIfa voa .f.sgh Ifa lf5 ddq lf5 xkpF [+gvvnj pv’y F [+xt9[q xtc9’ s^n vy’.lxj k]t,u c]t vyfmyrqo0v’z6hvnoj D dkofe]’q -;u fy 3fpvy’.lgj svjn cI’F lt8xy oa pk0v’8oq gv’F [g+ vvnj pvy’.lzj vh6 ojn c]t dko9fa 8’A F [v+ kwlc8dj ko-;j pgsvn^ 9kd\\7j6 Fj6 [m+ 4h= vp87+ ;k,pkd]e[kdF 8’A |kh IOIPo c]t ltcs;’sk 7;k,I6h c]t 7;k,dhk;|hkF ,u9yf.9[5d[nozkj ozkj v5xtladF xa[x5’8qogv’1l6j tg\\u grnvj xt8y[af |kh m.ju slh eg]fa zoq D 7;k,1kh o c]t 7;k,[,+ ;u wy oc,oj gxoa xfa w9 sn^ lkgsfgIfa .s7h oq gIkq 0kf7;k,\\oA .9.o 8oq gv’ rk.shdkofe]q’-u;yf [+xtlq[zqoleg]afF gIaf;Pd[+l5fdqdl5fxkpF gIaf.shdko9af8A’F \\7j6 0j6 kf7;k,g-vjn \\oA .o8;q gIkq D ltooA r;dgIkq 8vh ’rtpkpk, gvkq -tot7;k,1kh o.swh fh c]t g/dy /oq 8oq gv’.sdh kpgxoa 7oq ,]u t[P[;wy o1lj6 tg\\Du g]njv’G g;]kgIaf;Pd0v’xtmko wdlvo rq,;ysko g;]kgIaf;Pd0v'mkj owdlvo rq,;ysko 52

mkj owdlvo rq,;ysko vvdde]a'dkp ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ .o,|N ’jb F c8]j t7oq ];h oc8,j gu ;]k @$ -;jq 3,’ md+ oa le][a gIfa ;PdF rda zvj o1vj ovk],q c]t ovoD c8j;jkF c8j]t7qo9t.-hg;]k8jk’daoF z6h|bj’vkf,ug;]k[+r=le]a[dkogIaf;Pd c]t g[y’j 7n;kj g;]k\\qfw;cmhM 9qogIafspa’oed+[+maoD l;j oz6h|’bj vud-eraf,ug;]kgs^nv c]t 7v’4hk .s\\h fq 3,’gIfa ;PdDD le]a[xtmkowdlvo rq,;ysko gryoj ,adg;Qk;kj g;]kgxaog’yogxao7e c]t ,adg8nvo[+.sh xjvpxtg;]kglpwx]hkMD g-yj'\\kpg4y’;jk g;]k,u7jkmujl5f c]t ,u7;k,le7aogxaoryglf le][a grojy D l'jy f'ja dkj ;ltcf'.sgh soa ;kj F xtmko wdlvo r,q ;sy ko pk,.fdr+ tpkpk,.-gh ;]k .shg8a,l;j o c]t ,uzqoxt3spfs^kpgmqkj mu9j ts^kpwfhD ,7u eg;kQ ;kj G <soq mk’rly f6 ,kh F g;]krly f6 7oq < c,oj g;]kwfrh ly f6 xtmkowdlvo,kc];h .o m5dlt4kotdkoma’l5d c]t m5dF ma’ltf;d c]t sp5h’pkdla[lqoc[[ljP’gxaoljP’8kp m’a .opk,l’q 7k, c]t loa 8ry k[DDD g;]kwfrh ly f6 grojy ,k8tsv^ fw]ptvoa pk;okosk^ pmfq lt;fa D g4’y 1kj ’.fd8+ k,F xtmkowdlvo r,q ;sy ko dw+ f.h -gh ;]kcs’j dkomfq lv[grojy .sdh kpgxoa dk]t 3vdkfcs’j dkov5myf8qoma’mk’fhkode]a’;a’-k c]t lt8yxaopk grvnj rk]tdyfxt8y;afF grnvj -kf c]t grnvj xt-k-qoD 53

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດdko0PodjP;da[g;]kgIaf;Pd0v’xtmkowdlvo rq,;ysko .sh-afg9o;kj .oc8j]t,N gryjog]uj,;Pdpk,.f c]t lYol5fpk,.foAogxaog]njv’pkdD grkt;jkg;]kgIaf;Pd0v’ groyj [+0Boda[groyj gv’F c8sj kd0Boda[ltrk[dko c]t 7;k,IPdIhv’8hv’dko 0v’rk]tdyf xt8y;af.oc8]j t,Nc8]j tpk, c]t c8]j tw]ptD s^n g;Qk1kj ’|b’j c,oj g;]kgIaf;Pd0v’gryoj c,oj 0oB d[a dkog8oA 0v’-[u rt9vo0v’xtgmf c]t dkoroa cx0v’ltrk[c;f]vh ,rkpovdD xdq dt8y xtmkowdlvo r,q ;sy ko ]d5 c8gj -kQ grvjn sfa dkpt[]= sy ko g-’jy gxoa dfy 9t;fa m0ju kf [+wfhD dkosafdkpt[=]ysko -;j p.shgryoj ,u7;k,lqf-noj c]t 16lj t[kp.o8voc]’M rkps^a’ gIaf;Pd groyj d=safdkpt[=]yskodvj o 9’bj 7vj pvk[oEF dyog0Qkc]’ c]t radzvj oD 8vog-kQ dvj o9tg0kQ gIfa ;Pd xtmko,da 2’a dko]kp’ko0kj ;dPj ;d[a ltrk[dkorkp.o c]t 8kj ’xtgmfmruj oQ gfoja S m[q m;od;fdk7no;Pd.o ,Nzkj o,k;kj ,usp’a 7kh ’7k s^n [+D xtmko 9tg0kQ l;j6 Pd8k,czodkoxt9e;oa D le]a[g;]kovd3,’dkoF xtmkowdlvo,adrq[xtda[c0dS gxao8Qoc,jorq[xtda[ rtoad’kodkooe c]t rtoad’ko0Ao8kj ’Mmguj royj ,u;PdoeS oadxt8y;afvk;53lmvuj vd[eokoF g9kQ ddq g9kQ gskjq^ s;q |kh -’y -k;0v’gzkjq 8kj ’MS sn^ r[q xtd[a oda xkfvk9koF oda 7oQ 7;kh F z-h6 Pj ;-koF oaddkom6fF oadIPoI6hxaopk-qoDDD .odkorq[xtc8]j t7A’F xtmkowdlvowfh.-hg;]kr=lq,7;oF grktgryjo,ad.shg;Qk[aosk8jk’Ml6jgryjo2a’F rhv,daooAo gryjod=,ad4k,g9kt9U,]q’g]yd[aosk mgju rojy loq .9 sn^ [k’7’A d,= du koloq mtokc]dxPj o7;k,gsoa wxoeD skdg[’jy g]dy F dkor[q xtc0d 0v’xtmkowdlvo d+c,jodkogIaf;PdS ltoAo 9bj’g;Qkwfh;jk g;]kgIaf;Pd0v’gryjo[+wfh 9edfa 1.j6 o3,’dkogmkjq ooA D xtmkowdlvo rq,;ysko wfh.-hg;]kgmqjkmujgryjo,ugrnjvgIaf;PdF dko.-hg;]k0v’gryjo c,jodkov5myf8qo grnjvw-tot0v’rk]tdyfxt8y;af d+7ngrnjv7;k,,aj’7A’g0A,c0’0v’ xtgmf-kf c]t 7;k,lq,[6o r6ol5d0v’xt-k-qo]k;gzqkj 8kj ’MD xtmkowdlvo rq,;ysko g7up9qj,glpfkpg;]kF c8j[+g7up9qj,glpfkpgsnjvcI’ c]t lt8yxaopk0v’8qo mugj ryoj wfhv5myf.shcdxj tgmf-kf c]t xt-k-qoD 54

7e4k, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D dkog-vnj \\oA 8oq gv’c,oj co;.fL @D xtmkowdlvo r,q ;sy kowflh tcf’.sgh soa 7;k,8fa loy .90v’grojy .odkogIfa ;Pd’ko co;.fL #D xtmkowdlvo rq,;yskowfhv5myf8qo8ts^vfg;]k cs’j -u;yf0v’mkj ooAo c,oj grnvj 95fxtlq’vao.fL $D 7;k,g-vnj \\Ao8qogv’0v’ xtmkowdlvo rq,;ysko wfhltcf’vvd7nco;.fcfLj [qfIPo dko9tgIfa l’jy .f|’jb gIkq 8vh ’,7u ;k,dkh skoF 4kh ,7u ;k,dkh skoc];h 7;k,1kh od9= t\\fq wxF ;ymufP;m9uj t-tot7;k,1kh o.ol’yj .f|’jb wfh c,oj 8vh ’]d5 0BoF 8fa lyo.9xtg-uo|kh d[a l’yj ooA f;h p 7;k,g-vjn \\oA 8oq gv’1kj ’dkh skoD 7qogIqk9tgduf7;k,\\Ao.98qogv’F 7qomuxj tlq[7;k,leg]af c,oj 7qomulj k,kf8aflyo.9 gIfa l’yj mguj 0kq 7;o9tgIfa .og;]kmguj 0kq [+1kdgIfa l’jy ooA s^kpmluj f5 D [qfg/ydsaf !D 9qj’[vd7;k,\\kp 0v’dkog-njv\\Ao8qogv’L ,uxafw9vao.fcfj mujgIaf.sh7qogIqk 0kf7;k,g-vnj \\Ao8qogv’L phvospa’L @D oadIPog-vnj \\Aodkoxtrbfm4uj nd8hv’0v’8qogv’ g0Qk.odkog7vnj ows;;Pd’ko c]t dkoldb lkIOIPo7nco;.fL #D oadIPogsaofuda[0=h7;k,.f],j5 oUL phvospa’L dD 7oq mgju -vjn \\oA 8oq gv’ gxoa 7oq Ich6 dwh 0;Pd’kof;h p8oq gv’ 0D 7qog-njv\\Ao8qogv’c,jo8qogv’8aflyo;Pd’koF [+9egxao9t4k,7;k,gsao 0v’7oq vojn D 7D 7oq m4ju 8n oq gv’8Ogxoa 7oq [+,7u ;k,g0,A c0’D ’D 7qomguj -vnj \\Ao8qogv’F [+gvvnj pvu’ c]t [+0Boda[7qovonj D 9D 7qog-nvj \\Ao 8qogv’lk,kf8aflyo c]t xt8y[afwfh lD 7qo,u]adltot15fM 1vj oM pkdmuj9t0tspkp7;k,lk,kf0v’8qogv’wfhD -D 7oq mguj -vnj \\oA 8oq gv’[+9egxoa 9tI;j ,,nd[a .z pD 7oq mgju -vjn \\oA 8oq gv’ ];h oc8Ij 8h6 ]u k7kl’6 8+8oq gv’ 55

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu !@ dkogIaf;Pd,uczodko ;k'czogIaf;Pd !D 7;k,\\kple7ao0v’dkogIaf;Pd,uczodko dkogIfa ;Pd,cu zodko c,oj dkofe]’q -;u fy c]t gIfa ;Pd,du ko;k’czoF Idh6 eofq |kh mFju 9afc9’;Pd’ko0v’8qogv’.oc8j]t,NF c8j]tvkmyf1kj ’g\\ktlq,D grnvj gIaf.shdkoxt8y[af ;Pd’ko1kj ’4nd8hv’ ,u75otrk[ c]t ,uxtlyf8yrk[fuD dkofe]’q -;u fy ,cu zodko c,oj dkogIfa ;Pd8vh ’I[a xtdoa 7;k,foj5 fPj ’.ofkh o|kh mFju dko g/yd/qos^+s^v,F dkoIej IPoF dkovvdcI’’koF dkog7nvj ows;F dkoradzvj o c]t dko-;j p gsv^n ;Pd’ko1.j6 o7v[7;q D ltoAo dkogIaf;Pd,uczodko 8hv’,u gxQks,kp c]t dko;k’czo1kj ’,udko7yfs’eF ,u7;k,,5j’\\AorkdrPoF vqfmqoF c]t gvqk-totv5xtladmudj uf0;k’D dkoxt8y[afczodko 56

c,oj xafw9le7ao c]t 7;k,leg]af0v’-u;yf 1kj ’s^ud]P’[+wfhD z6hxtlq[7;k,leg]af mcuj mh9y’ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ .o-u;yfF I6h;k’czoF d;fdkF lts^5[F 4vf4vo[qfIPo c]t .-hg;]ks;kj ’.shgxaoxt3spfD @D dko;k’czo { deoqf95fxtlq’]tfa[7kf\\kp0v’czodko1kj ’9tc9h’ c]t cmfg\\ktda[8q;9y’ { deofq goNv.oczodko o[a m’a zIh6 [a zyf-v[c8]j t;Pd1kj ’]tvPfD { deoqfg;]kxt8y[af.sh9tc9h’D { ;ymudko c]t ,kf8tdkoxt8y[afD #D dkofe]q’-u;yf,u95f\\kp c]t gIaf;Pd,uczodko .odkofe]q’-u;yf gIqk8hv’,udko;k’czo c]t 8A’gxQk\\kpcs’j -u;yf.sh-afg9o !? dkofe]q’-u;yf,u95f\\kp { l6h-qo [5d[noF ,u7;k,f5\\oaj 0tspaorPo.odkovvdcI’’koF gr’yj 8qogv’F d5h,8qogv’ c]t lhk’7;k,g0A,c0’fh;p8qogv’D { gvqk.9.lpj qd]tfa[7;k,I6hF 7;k,lk,kffhko;y-kdko c]t fhko;y-kltgrkt { [+s^YodyoF -5,c-;F ,Q;l5,F 26,g2nvpF @? gIaf;Pd,uczodko ,uczodko];,F czodkogIaf;Pdxt9e;aoF xt9evkmyfF xt9egfnvoDDD gIaf;Pd,uczo dko9b’j gIaf.shr;dgIqkI6h;kj ,u;Pdvao.fmu9j tgIafF gIafg;]k.f c]t c8]j t;Pd,u7;k,le7ao co;.fD ,uczodko9b’j -;j plhk’7;k,gxaog9Qkdko.shcd8j q;gIqkgv’wfh7yfs’e s^n 7kf7tgo w;h]j;’|hk;jkc8j]t;Pd7;ogIafco;.fF xtlkolq,mq[da[.zF g,njvgIafwxc]h;9t,u[aosk spa’gduf0Bo c]t 9tcdhw0co;.fDDD #? dkofe]q’-u;yf,u95f\\kp c]t gIaf;Pd,uczodko .odkofe]q'-u;yf8hv'I6hdeoqfrk]t|hkmuFj I6h9afc9’;Pd’ko.oc8]j t;aoF c8]j tvkmyf 1kj ’g\\ktlq,F grnvj gIaf.sh;Pdf’aj dkj ;wfhIa[dkoxt8y[af7q[4h;o c]t ,uxtlyfmyrk[D ltoAoF dvj o9tgIafspa'8hv’,uczodko c]t gIaf;Pdwx8k,czodkoD czodko9t,u 7;k,ladlyfd=8+g,nvj czodkooAo wfhIa[dkoxt8y[afF gIafcmhme9y’ c]t ,uzqoxt3spfD 57

8A’[aosk ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ;Pdxt9e;ao 58

8k8t]k’xt9evkmyf0v’mhk;l5oyw- g;]k};oa 9oa 7ko rf5 rtsfa ld5 glkq vkmfy & { * 3,’ 8ojn ovo ovo { g/dy 7v,ry;g8Tu vyog8ugoaf * { ( 3,’ gIaf;Pd-;j prc+ ,Tj vvdde]’a dkp vkskomjP’ wx1k,rju dP,g7vjn ’IPoT doy g0kQ g-kQ ohv’}r+g4Qk c,gj 4kQ DDD ( { ) 3,’ gfuomk’wx3I’IPo vkskog-kQ ]kh ’]fq },Ph ogIvn o vksko7ej ) {!@ 3,’ g0kQ svh ’IPo|a’ln13j6 I’IPo { vtokw,gInvo vkj oxB, g[y’j 3m]trk[ { radzjvo16gj Ivn o ovo !@{!# 3,’ vkskomjP’ vkskomjP’ !#{!* 3,’ g0kQ shv’IPo|’a ln13j6 I’IPo { wx-nhg7jvn ’ !*{!( 3,’ dfy 9tde.o3I’IPo s^n IPogru,j oe7v[7q; !({!) 3,’ gfou mk’da[[hko dyog0Qkovd[hko !){!_ 3,’ -j;p;Pdr+c,j !_{@W 3,’ vksko7ej vkj oxB, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @W{@! 3,’ g[j’y 3m]trk[ g[’jy 3m]trk[ @!{@@ 3,’ IPo|a’lnTcd[h fq g/ydsaf @@{@# 3,’ ovo @#{@$ 3,’ ovo c8j @$ 3,’ Ivf W& ,D 0v’;ao.\\j 59

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ7e4k, !D 9’jq [vd7;k,\\kp0v’dkogIfa ;Pd,cu zodkoL @D dkofe]q’-u;yfmu,j u95f\\kp c]t dkogIaf;Pd,uczodko ltcf’vvd7nco;.fcfLj #D dkofe]q’-u;yf[+,u95f\\kp c]t dkogIaf;Pd[+,uczodko 9t,uzqoltmhvoco;.f 8+8oq gv’L $D oda IPo7;og/yd/oq 8oq gv’sp’a cfj grvnj .s[h oa ].5 odkofe]’q -;u yfm,ju cu zodkoL &D mhk; l5oyw- gIaf;Pd,uczodko[+L phvospa’]k;9’bj gIaf;Pd,uczodkoL *D gIqk7;ogvqkc[[1kj ’ mhk; l5oyw-[+L grktgsf.fL [qfIPo { dkofe]’q -;u fy c]t gIfa ;Pd,cu zodkogxoa zIh6 dh6 eofq rk]t|kh mFju I9h6 fa c9’;Pd’ko.o c8]j t;oa F vkmyf1kj ’g\\ktl,q grvnj c8]j t;Pd9twfxh t8y[fa .s7h [q 4;h oF ,uxtlyfmyrk[ c]t 75otrk[D { dkofe]q’-u;yf,u95f\\kp c]t gIaf;Pd,uczodko9t8hv’Ia[xtdaom5d;Pd’ko wfhxt8y[af1kj 'lt\\Oltg\\ug-aoj G dkovvdcI’’koF dkoIOIPoF dkog7nvj ows;F radzvj o c]t -;j p;Pd7v[7q;D { I6hgIaf;Pd,uczodkoF Ih6fafcx’ c]t Ih6xa[x5’czodkog,vjn ,u7;k,9egxaoF c88j hv’ ,u7;k,8aflyo.9zjkozjk7;k,sp5h’pkdF xtfyflhk’.odkoxt8y[afczodkomuj ;k’vvdD dkogIaf;Pd,uczodko9t-j;p.shr;dgIqkgxaog9QkdkoF xt1afg;]kF gsvnj cI’ c]t ;Pd’ko.fd=wfhIa[zqoleg]affuD [qfg/ydsaf !D oadIPog0Qk.9co;.f dPj ;da[dkofe]q’-u;yf c]t gIaf;Pd,uczodkoL @D 9’jq lkh ’czodkogIfa ;Pdxt9evkmfy 0v'8oq D g,vjn lkh ’czodkogIfa ;Pdc];h ovh ’9t c]dxPj oda[r+ c,j s^n vhkpgvNvpohv’.o7v[7q;[+L grktgsf.fL 60

[qfmu !# lyfwfhIa[dkoxqdxhv’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ gfad,ulyfwfhIa[dko[=]ydkomk'la'7q, dfq \\kp;kj f;h pdkoxdq xvh ’lfy c]t zoq xt3spf0v’gfda wfdh eofq s]da dkoF ]t[P[dko c]t ,kf8tdkodPj ;d[a dko7,h5 7v’F dko8yf8k,F d;fdkdko9fa 8’A xt8y[fa dkoxdq xvh ’lyf c]t zqoxt3spf0v’gfadm5dgzqjk ];,ma’,kf8tdko8+z6hdtmezyf8+gfad co.ljgIaf.shgfad ,u7;k,l,q [o6 mk’fkh oIkj ’dkpF 9yf.9 c]t ,oa lt\\v’F ,u7o5 l,q [fa F 7;k,IFh6 7;k,lk,kfF lk,kffe]q’-u;yf.ola’7q,1kj ’,u75otrk[ c]t dkpgxaoz6hln[mvfmufj u0v’-kfD 61

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@D ;ymudko.f],5j oUF gxao;ymudkoxtdv[l;j oxqdxadIadlkl’yj c;f]hv,L ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dD xqdxadIadlkvtokw,vhv,cvh,3I’IPo c]t [vj o1v6j kwl 0D lhk’0=hdeoqfdPj ;da[dkoxqdxhv’xkj F cs^’j oE c]t lafmu,j u7kj skpkd 7D g9ktoE[kfko -t-kp ’D oe.-h/o5j g7,u c]t mkfg7,uxqdxhv’rnfgduodeoqf 9D 7Qo7h;k c]t ;k’;ymudkode9af0UgspNvF oEglp9kd3I’’ko c]t oEglp9kd dkofe]q’-u;yfD #D dkoxtrbf.f]5,j oU gxaodkoxtrbfmulj hk’ g-Nvrtpkf c]t me]kply’j c;f]hv,L dD dko]kj lafmu,j u7kj c]t skpkd16.j oxkj 0D ]t[kpoEglp9kd3I’IPo]’q c,oj E 7D 05f7Qow,h8k,;q’9vo c]t lq,mq[dkox6dxkj ’D xd6 w,.h sgh xoa xkj 9D 4k’xkj grvnj xd6 rfb gxoa vksko 75

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#D ,=]tfqdcsj’-kfc[j’vvdgxao # ]tfa[7nG ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ dD ]tfa[mhv’4yjo ,=]tfqdcsj’-kfmk’fhko;afmtotmemhv’4yjoc,jo,=]tfqdmuj,u75o7jkvao3ffgfajole]a[ mhv’4yoj .f|’bj c]t 8A’1r6j Nomu0j v’mhv’4yoj oAog-oaj G rt[kf3rolao X[=]y7ew-?F mkf3roj F mkf vy’Ia’ Xc0;'lts;aootg0f? 2hvook’cdh; Xc0;'s^;’rt[k’? DDD 0D ]tfa[-kf c,oj ,=]tfdq m,uj u7o5 7kj voa 3ffgfoja ]tf[a -kf g-’yj 8’A 1rj6 Nom.uj f|’jb 0v’ lD xD xD ]k; mguj xoa ,=]tfqd0v’;q’7totpkfcs’j -kfg-oaj G rtmkfs^;’F ;af-P’mv’F m’qj wssuoF 4Eg,nv’;P’w- c[[2hvo]e;q’F 4ErtF oymkolP;lts;kfF la’lyow-DDD 7D ]tfa[3]d c,oj ,=]tfqd0v’]k;m,uj u75o7kj 3ffgfoaj ]tfa[3]d g-’yj 8A’1r6j Nom.uj f|’bj 0v’ lD xD xD ]k; 3fpwf4h dn I[a Iv’9kdv’q dkoltstxt-k-kfgrvjn dkoldb lkF ;my tpklkf c]t ;fa mtotmeg-oja G g,nv’s^;’rt[k’F ;afr69exkladDDD $D dkoxqdxadIadlk,=]tfqd;afmtotme0v’-kf dqf\\kp;kj fh;p ,=]tfqdcs’j -kfwfh4ndIa[Iv’9kdltrkcs’j -kf;aomu _ rt9yd @WW& g-y’j 16gj oNv.o\\;fmu # mugj ;Qkg4y’]t[P[dkoxqdxadIadlkF vto5]adF [6]tot c]t xt8yla’0vo ,=]tfqdcs’j -kffhko;afmtotme c]t xts;aflkf]tvPffa’j oUG ,kf8k $@G dkoxdq xda Ida lkF vto]5 da ,=]tfdq cs’j -kfmk’fkh o;fa mtotmemguj xoa ;fa 45 8vh ’xt8y[fa f’ja oUG !D [5d7qo s^n dko9af8A’muj,u7;k,Ia[zyf-v[djP;da[,=]tfqdcsj’-kfF 8hv’7kf7tgo zqoglpskpmuj9tgduf0Bocd,j =]tfqdcs’j -kfmk’fhko;afmtotme c]t xts;aflkfrhv,ma’ ,u,kf8tdkoltdafdAoF cdhw01kj ’g\\ktlq, c]t maodkoD @D [d5 7oq s^n dko9fa 8’A m,ju u9f5 xtl’q rfa mtokglf4tdyf{l’a 7,q 3fpltgrktdkorfa mtok v5flkstdeF dtlydeF rNo4ko37’]jk’.og0fmuj,u s^n lq’wl;jk,u,=]tfqdcsj’-kfmk’fhko ;fa mtotme c]t xts;fa lkfooA 8vh ’wfIh [a vtop5 kf9kddt-;’4tcs’^ 0kj ; c]t ;fa mtotme rhv,ma’,u,kf8tdko grvnj xqdxadIadlk,=]tfqdf’aj dkj ;[+.shglpskpD #D shk,[5d7qo s^n dko9af8A’d+7;k,glpskp cdj,=]tfqdcsj’-kfg-ajoG dkome]kp 79

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@D .soh da IPo\\kp 5 .l0j m=h guj soa ;kj oda mvj ’mPj ;0kf7;k,I[a zfy -v[ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ  ,lu t8Iy [a zfy -v[ c]t loq .91kdI9h6 da xtgrou c]t ;fa mtotmemvh ’4ojy  gxoa s;j ’gxoa .poec87j ;k,ltf;dlt[kpl;j o8;q  loq .9xts;fa lt4komju c]t g7vjn ’sfa 4tde  [+g7kq ][q lt4komju  4,Y 0gU spvN F 4,jq oE]kpm;jq m[u  0Po c]t c8,h .llj t4komju  loq .9zoq ’kofkh ol]y txtF foq 8Fu vksko c]t dkoo’j5 40n v’mvh ’4ojy  \\ojy xt\\kfIfu 7v’xtgro0u v’mvh ’4ojy #D ,=]tfqd;afmtotmec,oj spa’L xtdv[,u9adxtgrfL ,uxtgrf.fcfLj 9q’j pqd8q;1kj ’ c8]j txtgrf.shwfh & 1kj ’D $D ,=]tfqdcs’j -kffhko;afmtotmec[’j vvdgxao9ad]tfa[L { c8]j t]tfa[,u7;k,\\kple7aoco;.fL &D oadIPo,u|hkmuj .odkoxqdxadIadlk c]t glu,0tspkp,=]tfqd;afmtotme0v’-kf 7nco;.fL 83

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T lklt|k3-ilq 38 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ T lklt|kvyflt]k, T lklt|k7iyf @D 7;k,g-njv4n s^n [+g-njv4nlklt|k !? ltrk[lklt|k.o]k; 1]j6 k;gIkq .o-,5 xzu kj o,koFU ltrk[lklt|kwf,h du kozoa cxmlju [a loq D lfy gl]ru k[.odko g-vjn 4n sn^ [+g-vjn 4n wfdh eofq w;.h o]fa 4tme,too6 {dfq \\kp c]t [oa fkgvdtlko8kj ’M 1kj ’cm9h ’y D m5ddkog7njvows;0v’lklt|klj;os^kp c,jowfhIa[dkog7qk]q[F lhk’g’njvow0.sh,tsk-qo xt8y[fa 7;k,g-vnj 4nlklt|k0v’8oq D xfa 9[5 oa dkog7vjn ows;0v’lklt|kF 7;k,g-vjn 48n kj ’M dw= fIh [a zoq dtm[q 9kddkorfa mtok mk’fhkoglf4tdyfF dkpgxaomu2j qf2No{7bd7add;kj gdkqj 3fpltgrktc,oj .o[aofk;ao[5oxtgrou 8jk’MD dkog-nvj 4ngduo7;k,gxao9y’F gIaflYogxnv’g;]kF g’yo7eg0Qk.orymudemk’lklt|k 8kj ’Mwfgh r,uj 0BoD 16j[k’[jvo,uxtdqfdkol;p.-hlt4komujladdk]t[6-kwxgIaf.olyj’[+fu[+’k,F c]jooe zqoxt3spfF gIafm5]tdyfF l;p.-h7;k,g-njv0v’,tsk-qolhk’.olyj’muj[+-v[meF sk]kpwfh fh;pI6[dko8kj ’MF g-oaj G gvqkg’yo[=]y9kd0v’;af,k.sh8qogv’ c]t 7v[7q;F p’yj d;j koAo,u[k’ d=]toupa’gIafzyf9kdIuf7v’F xtgrouvaofu’k,0v’-kf c]t ]t[P[dqf\\kp[hkog,nv’D veokfdkoxqd7v’[k’mhv’4yoj pa’xt.shlklt|kg7njvows;dkp0v[g0f0v’dqf\\kp deoqf.shF r;dvyfmyde]a’x=]txad c]t xt8ydkoma’rkp.o c]t lkdqopa’ln[8+lhk’7;k, [+lts’q[.shla’7q,gIqkF cdjfb’,tsk-qoF Ia[.-hcdjdqov5[kp <saoxjPo3fplao8y< 0v’[aofk vyfmyde]’a x=]txda D c8jg4y’1jk’.fd=fuF gsao;jkz6hg-njv4n.oxtgmfgIqklj;os^kpd=c,jo-k;z6hvvdcI’’koF ,9u fy .9Ida -kfF gsoa fu c]t lt|[a lt|o6 co;mk’dkoxPj ocx’.\\0j v’rda gIkq D c8xj klt9kd [w+ f9h eo;o|’jb p’a ,xu tdfq dkog7vjn ows; f;h p7;k,[s+ ;’a fu 8c+ o;mk’0v’rda c8,j |u vh pmlju f5 D @? dkog-njv4n c]t [+g-njv4nG dkog-vjn 4n c]t [+g-vjn 4ln klt|k c,oj ltrk[7;k,gxoa 9’y 0v’l’a 7,q m,ju ,u kc8j foq oko c]h;F ,aoc,oj 7;k,lt\\ad.90v’,;o,to5fg;Qk];,F g;Qkltgrktxt-k-qo]k;[aofkgzkqj ,u 85

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດdkorq;raog4y’lyfgl]urk[0v’lj;o[5d7qoF g0qkg9Qk9tg-njv4n s^n [+g-njv4nd=c,jolyfgl]urk[ 0v’g0qkg9QkF c88j hv’xt8y[af8k,dqf\\kpmduj eoqfw;hD rda c]t ]fa 4t[ko cs’j lDxDx ]k; wfgh vkq .9.lxj dq xvh ’lklt|kF oda [;fF oda lklt|k c]t lkltoydt-qo0v’m5dMlklt|k ,udkog7nvj ows;4nd8hv’8k,s^adlyome c]t 4nd8hv’ 8k,dfq \\kp[kh og,vn ’F ovdoU .o,kf8k $# p’a wfdh eofq c9’h ;kj G <roq ]tg,vn ’]k;,lu fy g-vjn 4n s^n [+g-nvj 4nlklt|kD g,nvj ,udkog-nvj 4n c]t g0Qklklt|k c]h; raf0=]kvvdd=,uF g7up,udko vtop5 kf.slh kh ’;fa F 3[fF lt3,lvo grvnj gxoa [vj og8kQ 3I,0v’lkltoydt-oq g0kQ me[o5 .smh ko c]t 2a’dkogmlt|krtme7ela’j lvo0v’r5fmtg9Qk s^n rtz6hgxaog9QkD c8dj =,udkoxyf3[fF ;af;kvkIk,mu4j ndxtIhk’ s^n [+,uz6hg-nvj 4nF [+,uz6h oe.-h s^n [+,uz6hg/QkIadlk<D ]af4tme,to6ocsj’ lDxDxD]k; Xxu @WW#? wfhdeoqfdkog7njvows;0v’lklt|kd=7n lkltoydt-qo c]t g-njv4n s^n [+g-njv4nlklt|k0v’rqo]tg,nv’]k;w;h.o,kf8k W_ ;jk <]fa g7kq ][q c]t xdq xvh ’dkog7vjn ows;voa 4dn dfq \\kp0v’rf5 mtlkltody t-oq c]t lkltody t -qovnjoD x5d]tfq,lqj’glu,rtryd05lk,tgoo c]t oad[;f0v’lklt|k.shg0QkIj;,.odko g7vjn ows;mgju xoa xt3spfcdxj tgmf-kf c]t xt-k-oq D skh ,md5 dkodtme mgju xoa dkoc[’j cpd lklt|kF c[’j cpdxt-k-oq <D grktdkodtmeg-oja o9U tgxoa lkgsfd.+ sgh dfu ,7u ;k,0fa cp’j 0oB .ol’a 7,q D #D lklt|k8Qo8=.o lDxDxD]k; ltw\\djvo-kf]k; ,udkog-njv4nzu c]t ]afmyrk,gxaolj;o.spj g,njvla’7q,,udko 0tspkp8;q dw= f,h su k^ plklt|kg0kQ ,kgzpu cz.j o]k; c]t 7oq ]k;ds= oa wxg-vjn 4sn k^ plklt|k 8k,7;k,lfa mk0v’.z]k;D ltooA [oa fklklt|k m7ju oq ]k;.sdh kog-vjn 4,n 7u n G T lklt|kr5f Xoydkp syotpko c]t oydkp,tskpko? T lklt|kg1-67iyf Xoydkp 7k38]yd c]t oydkp3xic8l8a’? T lklt|k[kIkp T lklt\\k,5flt]y, s^n vyflt]k, [aofklklt|k16j]k;gIqkwfhxtdv[lj;og0Qk.odkovq[Iq,laj’lvo.sh7qo]tg;Ao9kd 7;k,-q;j F lhk’.oly’j fu’k,cd,j ;o,to5fD 7qo]k;l;j os^;’s^kp 4nlklt|kr5fF g-y’j gxaolklt|ksa^d oa[8A’c8lj t8t;af mu XIV gxao8Qo,krkps^a’g9Qk2hk’5,j mhvo3I,vkok9ad]k;]hko-hk’D lyome0v’lklt|kr5fwfh ,u 86

vfy mry oq .s7h oq ]k;g-vjn 41n kj ’s;^ 'sk^ pD ;fa ;kvkIk,gxoa lo6 dk’mk’;fa mtokmeF xt-k-oq ]k; ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ [oa fkgzkjq g7pu .s]h d6 sk^ o0v’8oq wx[;fgvkq ;-y k7;k,I8h6 kj ’M -k;]k;g7pu 4ln oy skh gxoa xt9eD g,vjn g4’y ;oa loy dg= 0kQ ;fa 2’a meF .l[j kfF 1kfoEF me[o5 dl5 oq gxoa xt9eD 9kddkoxt8[y fa <1.j6 oloy doy .ome< gIfa .s7h oq ]k;,9u fy .9xvf.l0k;ltvkfF fe]’q -;u fy 1kj ’lts’[q 9fy .93v[gvvN vk]Fu gvNvg2Nvgrvnj czj c]t ,u9yf.98+daoD $D zqodtmq[0v’lklt|k.o-u;yfla’7q, { lklt|k gxoa l;j o|’jb 0v’37’[oq l’a 7,q D ltooA 9’jb ,zu oq dtm[q 8d+ ko7’q 8;q 0v'l’a 7,q D g4y’c,oj ;kj gxaodkolvj ’cl’.oly’j mu]j ;’8k X,kopk? .o-u;yfla’7q,F c8fj h;pzqo dtmq[0v’7;k,g-njv4nF lklt|k,u[qf[kfle7ao.odkog8Qk3I,;q’7tokpkfD .o[k’d=]tou.f|bj’F lklt|kgxaog\\nvoxafw9.f|bj’ gIaf.sh7;k,gxao]t[P[ IP[Ihvpla’7q,,udko7q’8q;[qorNo4ko]t[q[75o7kj c]t ,kf8t4ko];,D { lklt|k wfhxtdv[lj;ovaole7ao 8+zt]yf8trao;afmtotme0v’,;o,to5fg-ajoG lt4kxaf8yptdeF zt]yf8traofqo8uF ly]txtdeDDD ovdoU lklt|k pa’xtdv[l;j o .odko4kj pmvf[oa fk7o5 7kj mk’;fa mtokmeF 4kj pmvf7;k,lu;yw]0v’,;o,tof5 .o3]d.shcddj ao c]t daoD lklt|k,uzqodtmq[lv’fhko8+la’7q,7nG fhko8A'|hk T lklt|klvj ’cl’g4y’7;k,8vh ’dko0v’l’a 7,q T lklt|kgIfa .s,h u7;k,zd6 roa doa .ol’a 7,q T lklt|ksao75o7kj 0v’7qo.shl6’l’qj 0BoF ,u75olq,[aflyome T lklt|kxtdv[l;j olhk’ c]t xtfyflhk’ [aofk75o7kj ;afmtotme0v’-kf fhkosp=hm=h T lklt|kgxoa l’jy dfu 0;k’0t[;o;;y fa cs’j 7;k,8vh ’dko0v’7oq F gxoa l’jy mgju ]dy ][a F [+,u,6o7;k,9y’ c]t gs^nvg-nvj T lklt|kgxoa voa 8t]kp4kh dkog-vjn 4no[q ws;gh 4'y 0oA ',q ';kp T dkpgxoa 7elvom[ju +,du koxPj ocx’ T duf0;k’dko0tspkp8q;0v’;ymtpklkf T dfq |;j ’dkoxtfyflkh ’0v’7oq gIkq 87

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດT g[nvj g,qk ,aolt\\v’ c]t 7;k,I6hlbdmk’fhko9yf.90v’7qogIqk lt4kotdkoG rymu8ad[kf .o’ko[5oot,afltdkortmkfs^;’;P’9aoD 8k,dko[vdg]qjk0v’g4Qk cdcj o;3I, [o5 mkfs;^ ’ c,oj [o5 .spj gxoa [o5 mk’dko0v’[kh og,vn ’D .ovtffu 8tdkoF [oa fk zoh6 e-kf wfoh erkx;’-oq ]k;m’a -kf9fa ’koltgs,u^ ltsv^ ’[o5 rtmkfs;^ ’D [o5 o[U 9+ fa 1.j6 oIfu !@F c8sj kdgxao[5omk’xtgrouF 7;k,g-nvj 0v’-k;r5fmtlklt|kD rtmkfs^;’ lhk’d;, mkfdtf6d0v’rtr5fmtg9Qk g-y’j lhk’0Bo.oltw\\ rtg9kQ vt3lddt,tsk]kfgvoU ;kj < rtmkf gdfcd;h 9o5 ]t,to<u 8,+ k ltw\\g9kQ w-ptg-f4km]y kf wfhoerkxt-k-qo]k;lhk’8+g8u,.spj l’6 0oB mgju soa .omd5 ;oa oDU [o5 ot,fa ltdkortmkfs;^ ’xou U gxoa xmu evfy m0ju vh pwf,h 3u vdkfwxcsrj tlkfgz’Y oec,gj 4kQ mguj fouj mkfs^;’ 0vh pwfgh soa /’6 7oq 9eo;os^;’s^kp,k9kdc8]j t[kh orkdoa oezklkfgzY’csj ]Poc4;daog0Qkwx4;kp.ortmkfs^;’S c,jg4Qkwfh[vd0hvp;jkm5dMxu0v’[5ortmkfs^;’ 9t,udkog8kQ 3I,-k;[kh o18j6 k,;fa 8kj ’Mgrvjn oe0t[;ocszj klkfgz’Y wxlrj6 tmkfs^;’.o,N 0Bo !$ 7Ogfnvo !@ ]k;D ,N8+,k !& 7ej gfnvo !@ ]k;.o8vog-Qk9t,u rymu8ad[kf c]t 1vj6 vh ,d,q ,t]Portmkfs;^ ’9t,du komermy mu k’lklt|kF 8vo[kj p 9t,du koc0’j 0oa d]y k87u Du 8vo7je7no,udkocsjfvdw,hm6[mPo X;PomPo? 96f[A’w2fvd c]t ,udkoltcf’ ;afmtotme]k;D rkps^a’g]ud9kd8ad[kfc]h;z6h7qomuj,kIj;,rymu,NoUwfhrkdaog8Qk3I,16jgfujortmkfs^;’ Xovddq,,t]Po? grnjvdyog0Qkx5hoF xU’wdjF 8Q,wdjF g0Qks^k,DDD mujc,j7hkoe,k0kpF c,jg4Qk 0hvppa’g]kqj ;kj G xtgrouc[[oU[+7vj p9tgsaoc]h; .oxaf95[aoD .o8voc]’ X7O? ,udko;PomPo vhv,rtmkfg-yj’g]uj,c8j !_ 3,’g7yj’ xt-k-qo-k;r5fma’s^kp9t96fm6[mPocsjvhv, rtmkfs^;’F 9kdoAo d=ws;hvq’lq,gfafrtle,kler5fmtg9Qk c]t rtmkfs^;’D 7e4k, !D 9q’j [vd7;k,\\kp0v’lklt|k L .oxaf95[ao 7qogIqkg-nvj 4nlklt|k spa’cfLj @D 9q’j [vdltrk[dkog-nvj 4nlklt|k16.j o lD xD xD ]k; ,u7nco;.fL #D 9’qj [vdlyf.odkog-nvj 4n c]t [+g-nvj 4n lklt|k0v’xt-k-qo]k;,u7nco;.fL 88

$D ]af4tme,to6o cs’j lD xD xD ]k; xu @WW# ,kf8k W_ wfhg;Qkg4y’ lyf.odkog-nvj 4n ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ c]t [+g-vnj 4nlklt|k0v’rqo]tg,nv’]k;7nco;.fL &D lklt|kmujxt-k-qo]k;g-nvj 4n ,ulklt|k.fcfLj lklt|k.fmu7j qo]k;g-nvj 4ns^kp mulj 5fL grktgsf.fL *D lklt|kr5f wfhl’aj lvo7qo]k;7nco;.fL (D 9’qj rao]tokrymu8ad[kf.o’ko[5oot,afltdkortmkfs^;’;P’9ao T gxaospa’9’bj g;Qk;kj [5omkfs^;’ c,oj [5oxtgrou0v’lklt|kr5f L T rymude8kj ’MdPj ;da[dko9af’ko[5oot,afltdkortmkfs^;’,uspa’cfj L T ’ko[5of’aj dkj ; lYol5f7nco;.fL [qfIPoG { g7qk]q[lyfgl]urk[ .odkog-nvj 4n s^n [+g-nvj 4nlklt|k0v’rqo]tg,nv’F [+vto5pkf .s,h udkodtme-N9kh ’9v[vvp s^n [u[[’a 7[a .fM .srh oq ]tg,nv’]k;g-vnj 4nlklt|k.f |’bj s^n .shxt]tdkog-nvj 4nlklt|k.f|b’j D { g7kq ][q c]t xdq xvh ’dkog7vjn ows;voa 4dn 8vh ’8k,dfq \\kp0v’v’q dkolklt|k c]t lkltoydt-qoF x5d]tfq,l’qj glu,rtry05F lk,tgoo c]t oad[;f0v’lklt|kvonj M.sh g0QkI;j ,.odkog7nvj ows;mugj xaozqoxt3spfcdxj tgmf-kf c]t xt-k-qoF shk,m5d dkodtme mugj xaodkoc[’j cpdlklt|k c]t xt-k-qoD [qfg/ydsaf !D 7qomouj a[4nlklt|k8hv’gxao7qog-vnj 4n’q,’;kp[+L grktgsf.fL @D 9’qj 9ecod7;k,c8d8kj ’]ts;kj ’ dkog-nvj 4n’q,’;kp c]t dkog-nvj 4nlklt|kL #D dkoxtrfb c[[.f c,oj dko];j ’]tg,fu dfq \\kpdPj ;d[a lfy gl]ru k[.odkog-vjn 4n c]t [+g-nvj 4nL 9’qj pqd8q;1kj ’L $D oadIPo9tgIafspa’ grvnj xt8y[aflyfgl]urk[.odkog-vnj 4n c]t [+g-vnj 4nlklt|kL 89

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu !( ]afcsj’ lkmk]tot]af xt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; ]af4t[ko cs’j lk]tot]af xt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; c,oj vq’dko[=]yskocs’j ]af g-yj'Ia[Iv’gvqk3fpltrkcsj’-kfF Ia[zyf-v[8+ltrkcsj’-kf c]t xtmkoxtgmfF ,u rk]t[qf[kf7,h5 7v’1kj ’gxaogvdtrk[ dkoxt8y[af|hkm0uj v’]af.om5dfhkoG fhkodkog,nv’F fhkoglf4tdyfF ;afmtokme{la’7q,F dkooe.-h-a[rtpkdvocsj’-kfF dkoxqdxadIadlk ly’j c;f]hv,F dkoxhv’dao-kfF xhv’dao7;k,lts’q[ c]t dko8kj ’xtgmfD ! D ]afcsj’lkmk]tot]af xt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; X]fa cs’j lDxDx ]k;? dD ]af csj’ lDxDx ]k; c,jo]afc[[.fL ]fa cs’j l DxD xD ]k; c,oj ]fa xt-kmxy tw8 xt-k-oq F gxoa v’q dkocs’j veokfdkog,vn ’F veokfma’\\qfgxao0v’xt-k-qoF 3fpxt-k-qo c]t grnvj zqoxt3spf0v’xt-k-qoD rk]tde xts;aflkf0v’]af c,jo9af8A’x5d]tfq,-5dp6hxt-k-qo[aofkgzqjk grnjvxqdxadIadlk7;k, gxaogvdt]kf c]t veokfvtmyxtw80v’-kf 3fp8yfraoda[rk]tdyflhk’lkxtgmf-kf 8k,myfl’a 7,q oyp,q D de]’a cI’0v’]fa xt-kmyxtw8xt-k-oq c,oj dvh ode]’a lk,da 7ugxoa voa |’bj voa fP;0v’ xt-k-qo]k;ma’-kf [qorNo4koraomtrk[ de,tdvo{dtlydvo c]t oadIPoI6hxaopk-qo rkp.8dh kooerk0v’rda xt-k-oq xt8y;fa ]k;D 0D mkfcmh]afcsj’ lDxDx ]k; mkfcm0h v’]fa cs’j lDxDx ]k; gxoa ]fa 0v’xt-k-oq 3fpxt-k-oq c]t grvjn zoq xt3spf 0v’xt-k-qo[aofkgzqjk .8hdkooerk0v’-qo-Aode,tdvo 3fp,uradxt-k-qoxt8y;af]k; gxoa cdooeD co;mk’ot3p[kpF dqf\\kp c]t [aofks^addko dko9af8A’F dkog7nvj ows;0v’]af ];h oc8cj ,oj co;7fy F mfa ltotF mkfcm0h v’-oq -oA de,tdvoco.lIj [a .-zh oq xt3spf0v’-kfF 0v’xt-k-qo[aofkgzqkj D grnvj g8Qk3I,7;k,lk,ad7u[aofkgzqkj .shgxaoxbdczoj c|ho|k c]t lhk’xt4q,xafw9 .shcddj kodhk;0Bola’7q,oypq,gmvnj ]tdhk;D ltoAo mkfcmh0v’-qo-Aode,tdvo0v’]afgIqk c,oj pbf\\Ao ]afmy,kd{g]oyoF 1bf\\Ao [qf[kfdkooerk0v’radF pbf\\Aork]tdyfxjPocx’.\\j c]t pbf\\AoglAomk’dhk;0Bo l’a 7,q opy ,q D 90

@D ]t[q[dq’9ad ]af csj’ lDxDx ]k; ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ]af4tme,to6owfhdeoqfdq’9ad]af cs’j lDxDx ]k; xtdv[,uvq’dko7nG vq’dko oy8y[aopafG c,oj \\kpg4y’vq’dkoveokfl6’l5f gvUo;kj G ltrkcs’j -kf vq’dko [=]yskoG c,jo\\kpg4y’vq’dkoveokf.odko[=]yskoxtgmf g-yj’xtdv[,u xtmkoxtgmf gxoa xt,d5 cs’j ]fa lDxDx ]k; gxoa v’q dko []= sy kol’6 lf5 c]t 7tot]fa 4t[ko 3fp,ou kpdq ]fa 4t,oq 8gu xoa s;q |kh D v’q dkoxdq xvh ’dfq \\kpG xtdv[,u lkoxt-k-oq l’6 lf5 c]t v’q dkowvptdkoxt-k-oq { lkoxt-k-qo c,oj vq’dkoryrkdlk0v’]af { vq’dkowvptdkoxt-k-qo c,jovq’dkoveokfcsj’]afF ,urk]t[qf[kf8yf8k, d;fdkdkoxt8y[afdqf\\kp.sh4nd8hv’ c]t gxaogvdtrk[.omd5 0oA m;jq xtgmfD l5f 37'Ikj 'dko9af8A'dq'9ad]af cs'j lDxDx ]k; 91

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ]afIa[xtdao c]t l’qj glu,lyf gxaog9Qk0v’xt-k-qo]k;[aofkgzkqj F xqdxadIadlk-u;yfdko gxoa 1Fj6 gl]ru k[ c]t 7;k,lts’[q ld5 0v’xt-k-oq F xdq xda Ida lk c]t lkh ’lkxtgmf-kf.sIh ’ja ,gu 0,A c0’D ]fa 0v’r;dgIkq degofu 9kd-oq -oA de,tdvo c]t -k;zvh6 vdcI’’ko]k;[oa fkgzkjq 3fp xt-k-qowfh.-hlyfxvj o[afg]nvd8A’gvqklt,k-ydltrkcs’j -kf grnvj gxao8q;cmocs’j veokf 0v’8oq .ov’q dko]fa D ]fa 0v’r;dgIkq g7vjn ows;|kh m;ju Pd’ko 3fpxt-k-oq ]k;[oa fkgzkjq sn^ zgh6 xoa 8;q cmo0v’ g0qkg9Qkgxaoz6h8yf8k,f6c] c]t d;fdkD xt-k-qo,v[lyf.shvedkoxqd7v’0Ao8kj ’M[=]ysko ;Pd’koF 4kh z.h6 fF v’q dko.fskd,du kodtme]tg,fu lfy c]t zoq xt3spf0v’xt-k-oq [oa fk gzkjq F xt-k-qo,ulyfIhv’2hv’ s^n xtdv[7;k,gsao8+[5d7qo s^n vq’dkofa’j dkj ;D \\kp7;k,;kj G xt-k-oq ,lu fy F ,|u kh mFju ,ru oa mtxtdv[l;j o.odko7,5h 7v’]fa c]t x[a x’5 d+lkh ’]fa .sgh 0,A c0’D dD [qf[kf|hkmuj c]t 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[0v’ltrkcsj’-kf ltrkcs’j -kf c,oj v’q dko8;q cmo cs’j lfy veokf c]t zoq xt3spf0v’xt-k-oq [oa fkgzkjq F gxoa v’q dkoveokfcs’j ]fa m’a gxoa v’q dkoo8y [y oa pfa m,ju lu fy 8dq ]’q [oa skroN 4ko0v’xtgmf-kfF 8yf8k,d;fdkdkog7njvows;0v’vq’dko[=]yskoF lkoxt-k-qo c]t vq’dkowvptdko xt-k-qoD ovdoU ltrkcs’j -kf pa’,ulyf c]t |hkmu]j tvPf mu4j nddeoqfw;h .odqf\\kp;kj fh;p ltrkcs’j -kf X\\;fmu I ,kf8k #? 0D [qf[kf |hkmuj c]t 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[0v’]af4t[ko ]af4t[ko g7njvows;xt8y[af|hkmuj;Pd’ko0v’8qo 8k,s^addko];,l6oxt-kmyxtw8 [qorNo4ko]af4tme,to6o c]t dqf\\kp 3fp,u radxt-k-qoxt8y;af]k;gxaocdooe c]t 4ngvqkvq’dkoco;]k;lhk’-kfF [aofkvq’dko9af8A’,tsk-qo c]t vq’dko9af8A’la’7q, gxaode]a’cI’D oe.-h;ymudkolbdlkvq[Iq,F glf4tdyf c]t [=]ysko grnvj 75h,7v’]afF 75h,7v’ glf4tdyf{l’a 7q,D d’q 9da 0v’]fa 4t[ko cs’j lDxDx ]k; xtdv[f;h p leoda ’kookpdq ]fa 4t,oq 8Fu dt-;’ c]t v’q dkomP[gmkjq dt-;’ g-’jy 4dn I[a Iv’gvkq 3fpltrkcs’j -kf 8k,dkoltg|0u v’okpdq ]af4t,qo8uD ovdohu ]af4t[kopa’,ulyf c]t |hkmuj]tvPfmuj4nddeoqfw;h.odqf\\kp;jkfh;p ]af4t[kocs’j lD xD x ]k; X \\;fmu II ,kf8k (?D 92

7D [qf[kf|hkmuj c]t 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[0v’lkoxt-k-qo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 16j lDxDx ]k; ,uc8lj kogmqkj oAo 9b’j ,ulyfveokf ryrkdlk7tfu [qorNo4kodkog7qk]q[ dfq \\kp1kj ’g0,A ’;fD · lyf c]t |hkmuj0v’lkoxt-k-qo { ry9k]tok8aflyo7tfuF lbdlkvq[Iq,F ]q’3mfz6h]tg,ufdqf\\kpD { -vdskF de9aflkgsf c]t g’nvj ow0 murj k.sh,udkodtmezyf { pqd]tfa[7;k,I6hmk’fhkodkog,nv’F lt8yg7qk]q[dqf\\kp ]t[P[;ywocs’j ]af c]t ]t[P[dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’la’7q, c]t 0v’rqo]tg,nv’.shl6’0Bo { xtlkolq,mq[da[vq’dko8jk’MmujdjP;0hv’ma’rkp.o c]t 8jk’xtgmf.odko g7nvj ows;xt8y[af|hkmu;j Pd’ko0v’8qoF rq;rao c]t I;j ,,nda[8kj ’xtgmfdPj ;da[ ;Pd’kop58yme c]t dqf\\kpD 'D [qf[kf|hkmuj c]t 7;k,Ia[zyf-v[0v’vq’dkowvptdkoxt-k-qo c,jovq’dkoveokfcsj’]af ,urk]t[qf[kf8yf8k,d;fdk dkoxt8y[afdqf\\kp .s4h dn 8vh ’ c]t gxoa gvdtrk[ 0v’[oa fkdt-;’F v’q dkomP[gmkjq dt-;’F v’q dkom0ju oB d[a ]fa 4t [koF co;]k;lkh ’-kfF v’q dko9fa 8’A ,tsk-oq F v’q dko9fa 8’A l’a 7,q F v’q dkoxdq 7v’mvh ’4ojy F ;ylkstdyfF rqo]tg,nv’ c]t xt8y[aflyfdkj ;2hv’D ovdohu pa’,ulyf c]t |hkmu]j tvPfmu4j nd deofq w;.h odfq \\kp;kj f;h p v’q dkowvptdkoxt-k-oq cs’j lD xD x ]k; Xrkdmu I ,kf8k #?D gsfdkoxts;aflkf oa[gxaog;]ks^kpraoxu,kc]h; m[uj aort[6]5f0v’-kf]k; wfhrhv,da[xt-k-qo]k;[aofk gzkqj fegouodko8+l6h grnvj fe]q’7q’8q; c]t 0tspkp8q;1[6j qofyocfocs’j oUD g]u,j c8j laf8t;afmu XIV gxao8Qo,k g9Qk2hk’5j,wfhoerkxt-k-qod+8A’ c]t lhk’lkxtgmf]hko-hk’.shgxao gvddtrk[ c]t 9tg]uoI5j’gInv’D ovdoAo pa’,ug9Qk w-ptg-f4kmy]kfF l5]ypt;q’lk me,ydt]kfDDD vaole7aomulj 5f.o xts;aflkf]k;gIqkc,oj pqdphv’lao]tgluo;y]tdevao]Eg]uf 0v’ g9kQ vto;5 ’q .ork]tdfy dv[dh6 gvdt]kf9kdr;dltspk,F grojy wfgh xoa c[[1kj ’cs’j oE.9 Iad-kfvaocmh9y’ c]t f6ffn,j D 9oq ,kg4’y xu !_#W rkp.8dh kooerkvoa 4dn 8vh ’0v’rda 7v,,o6 fy voy f96 ou .og,vjn dvj o c]t rda xt-k-oq xt8[y fa ]k; .oxt9[5 oa D xt-k-oq ]k;[oa fkgzkjq wffh egoou dko8l+ vh6 oa r]y kfvkfsko 9qolk,kfxqfxvj pxtgmf-kfwfh1kj ’lq,[6oF lhk’8A’gxaoxtgmflkmk]tot]af xt-kmyxtw8 93

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດxt-k-oq ]k; 0oB .o;oa mu @ moa ;k !_(&D dv’xt-,5 .spzj ch6 mom;jq xtgmfwfwh 00oB 1oj6 t7vos;^ ’ ;P’9aoF dv’xt-5,wfh8qd]q’gxaogvdtrk[c8’j 8A’ ltgfafg9Qkl5rko5;q’ gxaoxtmkoxtgmfF mkj owdlvo rq,;ysko gxaookpqd]af4t,qo8uD 7e4k, !D ]af cs’j lDxDxD]k; c,oj ]afc[[.fL @D mkfcmh0v’]af cs’j lDxDx ]k; ltcf’vvd7nco;.fL #D dq’9addko9af8A’0v’ ]af cs’j lD xD x ]k; ,u[aofkvq’dko8Qo8=.fcfLj $D lkoxt-k-qo,ulyf c]t |hkmu7j nco;.fcfj L &D oda IPo 8vh ’xt8[y fa 8oq 7cn o;.f grvjn ltcf’g4’y dkog7kq ][q o[a 4dn fq \\kp0v’]fa c]t v’q dko9fa 8’A 0v’]fa L *D lkmk]tot]af xt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; degoufgduf0Bo .o;aomu gfnvoxu.fL c]t g;]kooA c,oj .zgxoa xtmkoxtgmfL .zgxoa okpdq ]fa 4t,oq 8uL (D lkmk]tot]af xt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; wfhIa[zqoleg]af9kddkoxt8y;af.fL dkoxt8y;afoU rkp.8hdkooerk0v’rad.fL )D ]fa gIkq c,oj ]fa 0v’.zL [qfIPo { ]afxt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; c,jo]afmuj8A’16j[qorNo4koraomtrk[0v’-qo-Ao de,tdvoF -k;dtlydvoF oadIPoI6h xaopk-qo xt8y;af c]t xt-k-qo]k;[aofk-Ao 7qomIuj ad-kfrkp.8hdkooerk0v’radxt-k-qo xt8y;af]k;D { ]afxt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-qo]k; c,oj ]afgvdtrk[0v’x;’-qo]k; muxj tdv[fh;p sk^ pgzkjq m,ju 7u ;k,lk,da 7gu xoa voa |’jb voa fP;doa 3fp8fa cpdvvd9kddoa [w+ fh xt-k-oq [aofkgzqkj ,ulyfltg\\urk[F ,ugvddt]admk’;afmtotmeF ,u7;k,Iadcr’F gvNvg2Nv grvnj cz-j ;j pgs^nvdoa .o7v[7;q .sp0j v’-kf]k; gvdtrk[D { ]fa xt-kmyxtw8 xt-k-oq ]k; fegouodkoxdq 7v’ c]t 7,h5 7v’8k,]fa 4tme,too6 c]t dqf\\kpF ]affegouo,kf8tdko c]t ot3p[kp05f7QoF glu,0tspkpde]a’ cI’la’];,rkp.o-kfF lq,mq[da[dkopkfcpj’de]a’cI’9kdlkdqo grnjvlhk’ xtgmf-kf8k,gloA mk’l’a 7,q oyp,q D 94

[qfg/ydsaf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ !D gxaospa’]af0v’gIqk 9bj’c,oj ]af0v’xt-k-qoF 3fpxt-k-qo grvnj zqoxt3spf0v’ xt-k-oq L 9q’j vtmy[kpD @D v’q dko.fm1uj .6j od’q 9da ]fa mguj vUo;kj G ltrkcs'j -kf c]t gxoa v’q dkom,uj uveokfcs'j ]afL vq’dko.fgxaovq’dkoveokfl6’l5fL grktgsf.fL #D vq’dko.fmguj vUo;kj G vq’dkoveokf]afL vq’dko.fgvUo;kj G vq’dko[=]yskol6’l5fL $D 9’jq g]nvd7e8v[m4uj nd8vh ’mluj f5 f’ja 8+wxoUG !? ]fa 4t[ko,u|kh mGuj dD zkj o c]t 8aflyo]af4tme,to6o c]t dqf\\kp 0D xt8y[af]af4tme,to6o c]t dqf\\kp @? ]fa 4t[koc,oj G dD ltrkz6hcmo xt-k-qo gxaoz6hxvj o[af7afg]nvd 0D xt-k-oq gxoa zxh6 vj o[fa 7fa g]nvd #? veokfdkoxdq 7v’mvh ’4oyj c,oj G dD 0oA gm’y xvj o[fa 7fa g]vn d 0D xt-k-oq xvj o[fa 7fa g]nvd 7D ltrkxt-k-oq xvj o[fa 7fa g]nvd &D gxoa sp’a roq ]tg,nv’,uroa mtxt8y[fa 8k,dfq \\kpL 95

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ[qfmu !) dkoxqd7v’mhv’4yjo !D dkoxqd7v'mhv'4yjo0v' lDxDx ]k; lD xD x ]k; c[’j dkoxqd7v’mhv’4yoj vvdgxao # 0Ao7nG T 0Aoc0;’ c]t ot7vo T 0Aog,nv’ c]t gmflt[ko T 0oA [kh o vu’8k,ltrk[dkoxjPocx’ c8j]tw]ptdko0tspkp8q;0v’xtgmf c]t la’7q,F lDxDx ]k; wfhc[’j gxao !* c0;’ dkoxqd7v’ c]t ! ot7voF g-y’j [ao9516j # rkdfa’j oUG dD rkdg|nv !? c0;’z’Q lk]u @? c0;’ v5fq,w- #? c0;’ s^;’oEmk $? c0;’ [+cdh; &? c0;’ s^;’rt[k’ *? c0;’ sq;rao (? c0;’ w-pt[6]u )? c0;’ -P’0;k’ 0D rkddk’ _? c0;’;P’9oa !W? ot7vo !!? c0;'[=]y7ew- !@? c0;’7e,;j o !#? c0;’lts;aootg0f 7D rkd.8h !$? c0;’ 9exklad !&? c0;’ lk]t;ao !*? c0;’ g-dv’ !(? c0;’ vaf8txn 96

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