มอเตอร์ไฟฟ้ากระแสสลับ

Àπß—  ◊Õ‡√’¬πÀ¡«¥«‘™“‰øøÑ“ (√À—  20104-2008) μ√ßμ“¡®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å√“¬«™‘ “·≈–§”Õ∏∫‘ “¬√“¬«™‘ “ À≈—° μŸ √ª√–°“»π’¬∫—μ√«™‘ “™’æ (ª«™.) æ∑ÿ ∏»—°√“™ 2562 ¢Õß ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√°“√Õ“™«’ »÷°…“ °√–∑√«ß»°÷ …“∏‘°“√ »Ÿπ¬å à߇ √‘¡Õ“™’«– 14182.8-.- » Õ ≥√ß§å ™Õπμ–«π— «».∫. «».¡. ∑—°…–  √“â ßÕπ“§μ

Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡√’¬πÀ¡«¥«‘™“‰øøÑ“ √À—  20104-2008 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈—∫ º‡âŸ √¬’ ∫‡√¬’ ß : ≥√ß§å ™Õπμ–«π— ºŸâæ ‘ ®Ÿ πåÕ°— …√ : Õ“ππ∑å ªπîò  ÿ¿“  ß«π≈‘¢ ∑‘ ∏μÏ‘ “¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—μ‘ À“â ¡§¥— ≈Õ° ∂“à ¬‡Õ° “√ æ¡‘ æå À√◊Õ«‘∏’„¥«‘∏À’ π÷Ë߉¡«à “à  à«πÀπ÷Ëß à«π„¥¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡πÈ’ °àÕπ®–‰¥â√—∫Õπÿ≠“μ ®“°∑“ß ”π—°æ¡‘ æå »πŸ ¬å à߇ √¡‘ Õ“™’«– ª∑ï æ’Ë ¡‘ æå : 2562 æ¡‘ æå§√È—ß∑’Ë 1 : 3,000 ‡≈à¡ ISBN : 978›616›553›083›5 √“§“ 112488 ∫“∑ »Ÿπ¬å à߇ √‘¡Õ“™’«–  ”π—°æ¡‘ æå »πŸ ¬ å ßà ‡ √¡‘ Õ“™’«– »   Õ 89 ∂.¡À√√≥æ ‡ “™‘ß™“â æ√–π§√ °√ÿ߇∑æœ 10200 ∑—°…– √“â ßÕπ“§μ ‚∑√. 0›2224›1129, 0›2224›1197 æ¡‘ æ∑å ’Ë : ∫√‘…—∑ √—μπ‚√®πå°“√æ‘¡æå ®”°—¥ 32/10 À¡àŸ 3 μ”∫≈∫“ߢπÿπ Õ”‡¿Õ∫“ß°√«¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥ππ∑∫√ÿ ’ 11130 ºæŸâ ¡‘ æºå ⟂¶…≥“ 2562

®¥ÿ ª√– ß§√å “¬«™‘ “/¡“μ√∞“π√“¬«‘™“/§”Õ∏‘∫“¬√“¬«™‘ “ «™‘ “ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ (AC Motors) √À — «‘™“ 20104-2008 ®¥ÿ ª√– ß§√å “¬«‘™“ ‡æÕË◊ „Àâ 1. ‡¢â“„®™π‘¥ ‚§√ß √â“ß  à«πª√–°Õ∫ À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π·≈–§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–¢Õß ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈∫— 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  2. ¡’∑—°…–„π°“√μ√«®´àÕ¡¡Õ‡μÕ√å °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫ æ—π¢¥≈«¥ °“√μàÕ«ß®√ °“√∑¥ Õ∫ ·≈–°“√∫”√ÿß√—°…“ 3. ¡’‡®μ§μ‘·≈–°‘®π‘ —¬∑’Ë¥’„π°“√ªØ‘∫—μ‘ß“π ¡’§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥√Õ∫§Õ∫ ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ‡ªπì √–‡∫¬’ ∫  –Õ“¥ μ√ßμÕà ‡«≈“ ¡§’ «“¡´Ë◊Õ —μ¬å·≈–¡§’ «“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫  ¡√√∂π–√“¬«™‘ “ 1. · ¥ß§«“¡√‡Ÿâ °Ë¬’ «°—∫‚§√ß √“â ß·≈–À≈°— °“√∑”ß“π¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  ™π¥‘ μ“à ß Ê 2. ∂Õ¥·≈–ª√–°Õ∫™π‘È  «à π°“√æπ— ¢¥≈«¥·≈–μÕà «ß®√¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  3. «¥— ·≈–∑¥ Õ∫À“§≥ÿ ≈°— …≥–¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  4. „™âß“π·≈–∫”√ÿß√—°…“°“√μ√«®´àÕ¡¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  §”Õ∏∫‘ “¬√“¬«™‘ “ »÷°…“·≈–ªØ‘∫—쑇°’ˬ«°—∫™π‘¥ ‚§√ß √â“ß·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“ °√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  ·≈–¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“À≈“¬§«“¡‡√Á« À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π °“√ °≈—∫∑‘»∑“ß°“√À¡ÿπ §ÿ≥≈—°…≥–°“√𔉪„™âß“π·≈–∫”√ÿß√—°…“¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  ß“π∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫¡—¥¢¥≈«¥¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  ß“π∑”øÕ√塧լ≈å æ—π¢¥≈«¥¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  ß“π≈ߢ¥≈«¥ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈∫— 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  ß“π°“√μàÕ«ß®√¡¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  ß“π°“√∑¥ Õ∫«ß®√¡Õ‡μÕ√°å √–·  ≈∫— 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø 

1  «à πª√–°Õ∫∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— ∫∑∑’Ë °√Õ∫¡“μ√∞“π ¡√√∂π–√“¬«™‘ “ 2 À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π¢ÕßÕ‘π¥—°™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å μ“√“ß«‘‡§√“–Àå ¡√√∂π– 3 Õπ‘ ¥°— ™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø  4 Õπ‘ ¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√Àå πË÷߇ø  √“¬«™‘ “ 20104›2008 «‘™“ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 5 ¢âÕ¢¥— ¢âÕß·≈–°“√·°‰â ¢∫”√ßÿ √—°…“  ¡√√∂π–√“¬«™‘ “ ✓✓✓ ✓ · ¥ß§«“¡√⟇°Ë’¬«°—∫‚§√ß √â“ß·≈–À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å ✓✓✓ ✓ ‰øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  ™π‘¥μ“à ß Ê ✓✓✓ ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓ ∂Õ¥·≈–ª√–°Õ∫™‘Èπ à«π°“√æ—π¢¥≈«¥·≈–μàÕ«ß®√¢Õß ✓✓✓ ✓ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  «—¥·≈–∑¥ Õ∫À“§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø  „™âß“π·≈–∫”√ÿß√—°…“°“√μ√«®´àÕ¡¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 1 ‡ø  ·≈– 3 ‡ø 

°“√‡√¬’ π°“√ Õπ∑°ÿ «—ππ’ȉ¥‡â √‘Ë¡æ≤— π“·≈–‡ª≈¬’Ë π·ª≈߉ª®“°Õ¥μ’ ¡“°æÕ ¡§«√ ®“°‡¥‘¡ §√Ÿ›Õ“®“√¬å®–‡ªìπºŸâ∫Õ°«‘™“„Àâπ—°‡√’¬πÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« π—°‡√’¬π®–§Õ¬®¥·≈–∑àÕß®”®“°§√Ÿμ≈Õ¥ ‡«≈“∑ß—È π°È’ ‡Á πÕË◊ ß¡“®“°Õªÿ °√≥°å “√ Õπ¡π’ Õâ ¬¡“° §¡Ÿà Õ◊ À√Õ◊ μ”√“·≈–Àπß—  Õ◊ ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√¬’ π‰¡¡à ’ ∂÷ß·¡â®–‡ªìπ©∫—∫¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…°Á¬—ßÀ“‰¥â¬“°¡“° ·μàªí®®ÿ∫—ππÈ’ §√Ÿ›Õ“®“√¬å‰¥â√—∫°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡ ·≈–æ—≤π“¢È÷π‡ªìπÕ—π¡“° √⟮—°«‘∏’„™â ◊ËÕ·≈–‡≈◊Õ°„™â Ë◊Õ„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫∫∑‡√’¬π‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ πÕ°®“°πÈ’·≈â«°“√‡√’¬π°“√ Õπ·∫∫§√Ÿ∫Õ°«‘™“„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π°Á≈¥≈߉ª ·μà‡ªìπ‰ª„π≈—°…≥–  Õπ-·π–π”„Àâπ—°‡√’¬π√®âŸ —°«‘∏’»°÷ …“§πâ §«“â À“§«“¡√⛟ ª√– ∫°“√≥„å π√ªŸ ·∫∫μ“à ß Ê Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡Õÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„™â„π°“√§âπ§«â“∑Ë’ ”§—≠Õ—πÀπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õμ”√“‡√’¬π·≈–Àπ—ß ◊Õ ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√’¬π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡°—∫∫∑‡√’¬π„π·μà≈–√–¥—∫™È—π ´÷ËߺŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â‡≈Á߇ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡ ”§—≠ „π¥â“ππ’ÈÕ¬Ÿàμ≈Õ¥¡“ ®÷߉¥â‡¢’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫‡≈à¡πÈ’¢È÷π¡“‡æ◊ËÕ πÕß°“√‡√’¬π °“√ Õπ¢Õßπ°— ‡√’¬π·≈–§√Ÿ›Õ“®“√¬å ‡æËÕ◊ „À‡â °‘¥ª√– ∑‘ ∏¿‘ “æ„π°“√‡√¬’ π°“√ Õπ¡“°∑ Ë’ ¥ÿ À«—ß«à“Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡πÈ’§ß®–‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πåμàÕ§√Ÿ›Õ“®“√¬å ·≈–π—°‡√’¬π∑Ë’„™â»÷°…“Õ¬Ÿà‰¡à¡“° °ÁπâÕ¬  ”À√—∫ à«π¥’¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡π’È¢Õ¡Õ∫·¥à§√Ÿ›Õ“®“√¬å∑ÿ°∑à“π∑’ËÕ∫√¡ —Ëß Õπ·≈–ª√– “∑ «‘™“°“√„Àâ ·≈–∫‘¥“¡“√¥“ºŸâ„Àâ°”‡π‘¥·≈–„Àâ‚Õ°“ »÷°…“‡≈à“‡√’¬π μ≈Õ¥®πºâŸ¡’æ√–§ÿ≥∑ÿ°∑à“π ∑Ë’ π—∫ πÿπ„À≥â»÷°…“‡≈à“‡√’¬π®πª√–°Õ∫ —¡¡“Õ“™’扥⇪ìπÕ¬à“ߥ’¬Ë‘ß ∂â“¡’¢âÕ∫°æ√àÕß·¡â·μà πâÕ¬π‘¥ ‰¡à«à“ª√–°“√„¥ Ê ºŸ‡â ¢¬’ π¢ÕπÕâ ¡√∫— ‡æ’¬ßº‡Ÿâ ¥’¬« ·≈–¬π‘ ¥’√∫— øíߧ”μ™‘ ¡¥â«¬§«“¡‡§“√æ ≥√ß§å ™Õπμ–«π—

∫∑∑’Ë 1  «à πª√–°Õ∫∑«Ë— ‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øøÑ“°√–·  ≈∫— ......................................... 1 1.1  «à πÕ¬°àŸ ∫— ∑Ë’ ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.2  à«π‡§≈ËÕ◊ π∑’Ë.................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Ω“§√Õ∫ ........................................................................................................................... 8 14. ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å ............................................................................................................... 8 „∫ªØ∫‘ —μß‘ “π∑’Ë 1 ................................................................................................................... 12 ·∫∫Ωñ°À¥— ∫∑∑’Ë 1 ................................................................................................................. 17 ∫∑∑Ë’ 2 À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π¢ÕßÕ‘π¥°— ™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å.................................................... 19 2.1 °“√‡Àπ¬’Ë «π”·¡à‡À≈°Á ‰øø“Ñ .......................................................................................... 20 2.2  π“¡·¡‡à À≈°Á À¡ÿπ ....................................................................................................... 23 2.3 §«“¡‡√Á«·≈–§“à μ“à ßÊ ∑ ’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°∫— §«“¡‡√«Á ¢ÕßÕ‘π¥°— ™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å.............................. 27 2.4 °”≈—ß·≈–°√–· ‚√‡μÕ√å ................................................................................................ 33 2.5 ·√ß∫‘¥¢ÕßÕ‘π¥°— ™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å......................................................................................... 38 2.6 °”≈—߇Փμåæÿμ∑’Ë‚√‡μÕ√å ................................................................................................... 55 „∫ªØ∫‘ —μß‘ “π∑’Ë 2 ................................................................................................................... 78 ·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥∫∑∑’Ë 2 ................................................................................................................. 81 ∫∑∑’Ë 3 Õ‘π¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å “¡‡ø  ................................................................. 85 3.1 Õ‘π¥°— ™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø  ·∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°®‚√‡μÕ√å ................................................... 86 3.1.1  «à πª√–°Õ∫ ..................................................................................................... 86 3.1.2 À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π................................................................................................... 88 3.13 °“√μàÕ¡Õ‡μÕ√ å ‰§«‡√≈‡°® “¡‡ø „™ßâ “π ....................................................... 89 3.2 Õπ‘ ¥°— ™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø  ·∫∫«“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√å ............................................................... 93 3.2.1  «à πª√–°Õ∫ ..................................................................................................... 93 3.2.2 À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π................................................................................................... 94 3.2.3 °“√μÕà ¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø  ·∫∫«“«¥‚å √‡μÕ√„å ™ßâ “π ............................................. 95 3.3 «∏‘  ’ μ“√μå Õπ‘ ¥—°™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å ........................................................................................... 96 3.3.1 «‘∏’ μ“√μå Õ‘π¥°— ™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√·å ∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°®‚√‡μÕ√å ....................................... 96 3.3.2 «‘∏ ’ μ“√åμÕ‘π¥—°™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å·∫∫«“«¥å ‚√‡μÕ√å ................................................... 99 3.4 «‘∏’§«∫§ÿ¡§«“¡‡√«Á ¢ÕßÕπ‘ ¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å ................................................................... 100 3.5 ‚√‡μÕ√å·∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°® Õß™Èπ— ................................................................................ 103 3.6 °“√®”·π°Õ‘π¥—°™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å ....................................................................................... 104 „∫ªØ‘∫μ— ‘ß“π∑Ë’ 3.1 .............................................................................................................. 110 „∫ªØ∫‘ μ— ‘ß“π∑’Ë 3.2 .............................................................................................................. 115 „∫ªØ‘∫μ— ß‘ “π∑Ë’ 3.3 .............................................................................................................. 120 ·∫∫Ω°ñ À—¥∫∑∑’Ë 3 ............................................................................................................... 126

∫∑∑Ë’ 4 Õπ‘ ¥—°™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√Àå πË÷߇ø  ............................................................... 129 4.1 ¡Õ‡μÕ√ å ª≈∑‘ ‡ø  ....................................................................................................... 131 4.1.1  «à πª√–°Õ∫ ................................................................................................... 131 4.1.2 À≈°— °“√∑”ß“π................................................................................................. 134 4.1.3 °“√μàÕ¡Õ‡μÕ√ å ª≈∑‘ ‡ø „™âß“π ...................................................................... 136 4.2 ¡Õ‡μÕ√§å “ª“´‘‡μÕ√å ..................................................................................................... 139 4.2.1  à«πª√–°Õ∫ ................................................................................................... 139 4.2.2 §“ª“´‘‡μÕ√å ...................................................................................................... 139 4.2.3 ¡Õ‡μÕ√姓ª“´‡‘ μÕ√å·∫∫§“ª“´‡‘ μÕ√ å μ“√åμ ................................................... 141 4.2.4 ¡Õ‡μÕ√姓ª“´‘‡μÕ√·å ∫∫§“ª“´‘‡μÕ√å μ“√åμ-§“ª“´‡‘ μÕ√å√—π.......................... 142 4.2.5 ¡Õ‡μÕ√姓ª“´‘‡μÕ√å·∫∫§“ª“´‘‡μÕ√ å Õß§à“ ................................................... 143 4.3 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å·∫∫√æ’ —≈™—Ëπ .................................................................................................... 144 4.3.1 ¡Õ‡μÕ√√å æ’ —≈™πË— ................................................................................................ 144 4.3.2 ¡Õ‡μÕ√√å æ’ —≈™πË—  μ“√μå ›Õπ‘ ¥°— ™π— √—π .............................................................. 147 4.3.3 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å√’æ—≈™Ë—πÕπ‘ ¥°— ™π— ................................................................................. 150 4.3.4 °“√μàÕ¡Õ‡μÕ√·å ∫∫√æ’ ≈— ™—πË „™âß“π................................................................... 151 4.4 ¡Õ‡μÕ√¬å Ÿπ‘‡«Õ√å·´≈ .................................................................................................... 157 4.4.1  «à πª√–°Õ∫ ................................................................................................... 157 4.4.2 À≈°— °“√∑”ß“π................................................................................................. 159 4.4.3 °“√μàÕ¡Õ‡μÕ√¬å πŸ ‡‘ «Õ√å·´≈„™ßâ “π ................................................................... 160 4.5 ¡Õ‡μÕ√‡å ™Á¥‡¥¥Á ‚æ≈ ..................................................................................................... 162 4.5.1  «à πª√–°Õ∫ ................................................................................................... 162 4.5.2 À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π................................................................................................. 164 4.5.3 °“√μàÕ¡Õ‡μÕ√凙¥Á ‡¥¥Á ‚æ≈„™ßâ “π.................................................................... 165 4.6 ¡Õ‡μÕ√åæ—¥≈¡ .............................................................................................................. 165 4.6.1 楗 ≈¡·∫∫μÈ—ßæ◊Èπ.............................................................................................. 165 4.6.2 æ—¥≈¡·∫∫μÈ—ß‚μä–·≈–μ‘¥ºπß— .......................................................................... 169 „∫ªØ∫‘ —μß‘ “π∑Ë’ 4.1 .............................................................................................................. 171 „∫ªØ∫‘ —μß‘ “π∑’Ë 4.2 .............................................................................................................. 177 „∫ªØ‘∫μ— ß‘ “π∑’Ë 4.3 .............................................................................................................. 181 „∫ªØ∫‘ —μ‘ß“π∑’Ë 4.4 .............................................................................................................. 187 „∫ªØ‘∫μ— ß‘ “π∑Ë’ 4.5 .............................................................................................................. 192 ·∫∫Ω°ñ À¥— ∫∑∑Ë’ 4 ............................................................................................................... 195

∫∑∑’Ë 5 ¢Õâ ¢¥— ¢Õâ ß°“√·°â‰¢·≈–∫”√ÿß√°— …“..................................................... 197 5.1 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å ª≈∑‘ ‡ø  ....................................................................................................... 198 5.2 ¡Õ‡μÕ√姓ª“´‘‡μÕ√å ..................................................................................................... 199 5.3 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å√’æ—≈™—π ........................................................................................................... 201 5.4 ¡Õ‡μÕ√¬å πŸ ‘‡«Õ√·å ´≈ .................................................................................................... 203 5.5 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å “¡‡ø  ‰§«‡√≈‡°®·≈–¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø  ≈‘ª√‘ß ......................................... 204 5.6 ¡Õ‡μÕ√´å ß‘ ‚§√π — ....................................................................................................... 206 „∫ªØ∫‘ —μ‘ß“π∑Ë’ 5 ................................................................................................................. 209 ¿“§ºπ«° ............................................................................................. 212 ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ .......................................................................................... 216

®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å‡™ß‘ æƒμ‘°√√¡ „Àπâ —°‡√¬’ πªØ‘∫μ— ‘ ‘ßË μàÕ‰ªπÈ’‰¥â∂Ÿ°μÕâ ß 1. ∫Õ° à«πª√–°Õ∫∑Ë—«‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å°√–·  ≈∫— 2. Õ∏∫‘ “¬ à«πª√–°Õ∫·μà≈–Õ¬à“ߢÕß¡Õ‡μÕ√°å √–·  ≈∫— 3. Õ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”«à“ Õ‘π¥°— ™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å 4. ∫Õ°§«“¡·μ°μà“ß√–À«“à ß ‰§«‡√≈‡°®¡Õ‡μÕ√°å —∫«“«¥‚å √‡μÕ√¡å Õ‡μÕ√å 5. ∫Õ°§«“¡·μ°μà“ß√–À«à“ߢ¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√¢å Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√Àå πßË÷ ‡ø ·≈– “¡‡ø   Ë◊Õ°“√ Õπ 1.  «à πª√–°Õ∫¢ÕßÕπ‘ ¥—°™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å Àπ÷Ë߇ø ·∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°® 2.  à«πª√–°Õ∫¢ÕßÕπ‘ ¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å  “¡‡ø ·∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°® 3.  «à πª√–°Õ∫¢ÕßÕ‘π¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å  “¡‡ø ·∫∫«“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√å 4. „∫ªØ∫‘ —μ‘ß“π °®‘ °√√¡‡ πÕ·π– 1. §√ Ÿ Õπ·∫∫∫√√¬“¬·≈– “∏μ‘ 2. „Àπâ °— ‡√¬’ π∑”·∫∫Ωñ°À¥— ∑⓬∫∑ 3. „Àπâ °— ‡√¬’ πªØ∫‘ —μμ‘ “¡„∫ªØ∫‘ —μ‘ß“π °“√ª√–‡¡π‘ º≈ 1. §√ŸμâÕßÕÕ°¢Õâ  Õ∫„Àâ§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡®¥ÿ ª√– ß§‡å ™‘ßæƒμ‘°√√¡∑°ÿ ¢Õâ 2. π°— ‡√¬’ π∑’Ë®–‰¥√â –¥—∫§–·ππ °. ®–μÕâ ß∑”¢Õâ  Õ∫‰¥§â √∫ ∑°ÿ ®¥ÿ ª√– ß§å‡™‘ßæƒμ‘°√√¡  ”À√—∫√–¥∫— §–·ππÕπ◊Ë Ê ®–μÕâ ß∑”¢âÕ Õ∫‰¥â∂°Ÿ μâÕß≈¥À≈πË— °π— ≈߉ª

2 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫¡’∑—ÈßÕ‘π¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å·≈–´‘ß‚§√π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å ¡’°“√„™âß“πÕ¬à“ß ·æ√àÀ≈“¬ μ—Èß·μà‚√ßß“πÕÿμ “À°√√¡¢π“¥„À≠à®π∂÷ß‚√ßß“πÕÿμ “À°√√¡¢π“¥‡≈Á° ·¡â·μà„π ∫â“πæ—°Õ“»—¬°Á¡’„™â°—π ´Ë÷ßÕ“®®–Õ¬àŸ„π≈—°…≥–¢Õ߇§√Ë◊ÕßÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°∑È—ß∑Ë’®”‡ªìπ·≈– ø¡Éÿ ‡øóÕ¬„π√Ÿª·∫∫μà“ß Ê °π— ¡“°¡“¬μÈß— ·μà¢π“¥‡≈Á° Ê ‰ª®π∂ß÷ ¢π“¥„À≠à Ê ¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øøÑ“ °√–·  ≈—∫‡ªπì ¡Õ‡μÕ√∑å Ë∑’ ”ß“π¥«â ¬§«“¡‡√«Á (speed) §ß∑‡Ë’ ªπì  à«π„À≠à ¬°‡«πâ ∫“ß™π¥‘ ´ßË÷ Õ“® ®–ÕÕ°·∫∫„À â “¡“√∂ª√—∫§«“¡‡√«Á ‰¥â°Á¡’ ·μà°Á‡ªπì  à«ππÕâ ¬ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ §◊Õ ‡§√◊ËÕß°≈‰øøÑ“∑Ë’‡ª≈Ë’¬πæ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“„À⇪ìπæ≈—ßß“π°≈ „π°“√‡ª≈Ë’¬πæ≈ß— ß“π‰øøÑ“„À‡â ªìπæ≈—ßß“π°≈πÈ’ æ≈—ßß“π‰øø“Ñ ‰¡‰à ¥πâ ”‡¢“â  ‚àŸ √‡μÕ√å¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å ‚¥¬μ√ß ·μà‰¥â®“°°“√‡ÀπË’¬«π”À√◊Õ∑Ë’‡√¬’ °«“à Õ‘π¥—°™π— (induction) ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®ß÷ ‡√¬’ °¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øøÑ“ °√–·  ≈—∫«à“ Õ‘π¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫πÈ’∫“ß∑’‡√’¬°™Ë◊Õ —Èπ Ê «à“ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å ‰ø ≈∫— À√Õ◊ ¡Õ‡μÕ√°å √–·  ≈∫— ·∫ßà ÕÕ°‰¥‡â ªπì 2 ·∫∫¥«â ¬°π— §Õ◊ ·∫∫∑¡Ë’ ‚’ √‡μÕ√‡å ªπì  ‰§«‡√≈‡°® (squirrel cage) À√Õ◊ °√ß°√–√Õ° ‡√¬’ °¡Õ‡μÕ√·å ∫∫π«’È “à  ‰§«‡√≈‡°®¡Õ‡μÕ√å (squirrel cage motor) ·≈–·∫∫∑Ë’‚√‡μÕ√åæ—π¥â«¬‡ âπ≈«¥‡≈Á° Ê ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ «“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√å (wound rotor) ‡√’¬°¡Õ‡μÕ√å ·∫∫πÈ«’ “à «“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√å¡Õ‡μÕ√å (wound rotor motor) À√◊Õ ≈‘ª√ß‘ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å (slip ring motor) ¡Õ‡μÕ√å∑È—ß Õß·∫∫πÈ’ ®–¡’ «à πª√–°Õ∫§≈⓬ Ê °—π¥—ßπ’È §◊Õ  à«πÕ¬Ÿà°∫— ∑Ë’ (stator) ‡À¡Õ◊ π °π— Ω“§√Õ∫ (end plate) ‡À¡Õ◊ π°—π ®–·μ°μà“ß°—π°Á‡©æ“– à«π‡§≈◊ÕË π∑Ë’ (rotor) ‡∑à“π—Èπ ·≈– ¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å ø ≈∫— À√Õ◊ Õ‘π¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√åπÈ’ ¬ß— ·∫ßà ÕÕ°‰¥â 2 ™π‘¥¥â«¬°—π§◊Õ ™π‘¥ÀπË÷߇ø  (Àπ÷ßË ¬° single-phase) ·≈–™π¥‘  “¡‡ø  ( “¡¬° three-phase) ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈—∫∑—Èß™π‘¥ÀπË÷ß·≈–™π‘¥ “¡‡ø ®–¡’ à«πª√–°Õ∫‡∫◊ÈÕßμâπ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π §◊Õ ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ à«πÕ¬àŸ°∫— ∑Ë’  «à π‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë ·≈–Ω“§√Õ∫ ¥ß— √ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.1

∫∑∑’Ë 1  à«πª√–°Õ∫∑«Ë— ‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— 3 3 12 3 √Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.1  «à πª√–°Õ∫‡∫◊ÈÕßμπâ ¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å À¡“¬‡≈¢ 1 ‡√’¬°«à“  à«πÕ¬Ÿà°∫— ∑’Ë À¡“¬‡≈¢ 2 ‡√’¬°«“à  à«π‡§≈ËÕ◊ π∑Ë’ ·≈–À¡“¬‡≈¢ 3 ‡√’¬°«“à Ω“§√Õ∫ 1.1  «à πÕ¬°àŸ ∫— ∑Ë’ (Stator)  «à πÕ¬°àŸ ∫— ∑πË’ ¡’È °— ®–‡√¬’ °™Õ◊Ë °π— ®π쥑 ª“°«“à  ‡μ‡μÕ√å ·≈–„π «à ππ¬’È ß— ª√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬ ßË‘  ”§≠— ¥—ßπÈ’ §Õ◊ ‚§√ß¡Õ‡μÕ√å ·°π¢¥≈«¥·≈–¢¥≈«¥ ‚§√ß¡Õ‡μÕ√å (Frame À√◊Õ Yoke) ∫“ß∑’‡√’¬° È—πÊ «à“ ‚§√ß ∑”¥â«¬‡À≈Á°À≈àÕ√Ÿª∑√ß °√–∫Õ°°≈«ß ∞“π à«π≈“à ß¡’≈°— …≥–‡ªπì ¢“μß—È ¡’°≈Õà ß ”À√∫— μàÕ “¬‰øÕ¬¥Ÿà “â π∫πÀ√Õ◊ ¥â“π¢“â ß ¥—ß√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.2 ‚§√ß∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë®—∫¬÷¥·°π¢¥≈«¥„Àâ·πàπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫∑Ë’ º‘«¥â“ππÕ°‚¥¬√Õ∫¢Õß‚§√ß ¡Õ‡μÕ√å∫“ßμ—«®–ÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâ¡≈’ °— …≥–‡ªìπ§√’∫ ‡æ◊Ëՙ૬„π°“√√–∫“¬§«“¡√Õâ π „π°√≥’∑Ë’‡ªìπ¡Õ‡μÕ√å¢π“¥‡≈Á° Ê ‚§√߇À≈Á°®–∑”¥â«¬‡À≈Á°À≈àÕ (cast iron) ·μà∂Ⓡªìπ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å¢π“¥„À≠à ‚§√߇À≈Á°®–∑”¥â«¬‡À≈Á°À≈àÕ‡À𒬫 (cast steel) ∂â“∑”¥â«¬‡À≈Á°À≈àÕ ®–μâÕß„™â‡À≈Á°À≈àÕª√‘¡“≥¡“° ¢π“¥¢Õß‚§√߇À≈Á°®–„À≠à¡“°®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡Õ‡μÕ√å¡’¢π“¥„À≠à ‡°π‘ ‰ª ¥—ßππÈ— ®÷߇ª≈Ë’¬π¡“„™‡â À≈Á°À≈àÕ‡Àπ¬’ «·∑π ´÷Ëß®–∑”„À₧√߇À≈Á°∫“ß≈ß ·≈–‡ªìπ à«π∑’Ë ∑”„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å≈¥≈ß∂÷ߪ√–¡“≥ 60 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπμå ‡¡Ë◊Õ¢π“¥¢Õ߇Փμåæÿμ¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å ‡∑“à °—π ‚¥¬∑Ë’®–‰¡‡à æË‘¡§«“¡μ“â π∑“π·¡‡à À≈Á° (reluctance) ¢÷πÈ ‡≈¬ πÕ°®“°π·’È ≈â«‚§√߇À≈°Á Õ“®®–∑”¥«â ¬‡À≈°Á À≈Õà ‡À𒬫·ºàπ¡«â π‡ªìπ√Ÿª∑√ß°√–∫Õ° „Àâ¡’ ¢π“¥‡ âπº“à π»πŸ ¬°å ≈“ßμ“¡∑Õ’Ë Õ°·∫∫‰«â·≈⫇™Ë◊Õ¡μ¥‘ °—π

4 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ √Ÿª∑’Ë 1.2 ‚§√ß¡Õ‡μÕ√å™π‘¥¡’§√’∫ æ√Õâ ¡·°π¢¥≈«¥ ·≈–¢¥≈«¥∑’æË π— ‡ √Á®‡√’¬∫√Õâ ¬·≈«â ·°π¢¥≈«¥ (stator core) ∑”¥â«¬·ºàπ‡À≈Á°∫“ß Ê ¡’≈—°…≥–°≈¡ ‡®“–μ√ß°≈“ß·≈– ‡´“–√àÕß¿“¬„π‚¥¬√Õ∫ ·ºπà ‡À≈°Á π’ȇ√¬’ °«à“ ·ºπà ≈“¡‡‘ πμ (laminated sheet) ¥ß— √ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.3 ·μ≈à – ·ºàπÀπ“ 0.025 πÈ‘« ·≈«â π”‡Õ“·ºπà ‡À≈°Á ∫“߇À≈à“πÈ’∑’ËÕ“∫´≈‘ ‘§Õπ·≈â« ¡“Õ¥— ‡¢“⠥⫬°π— ¥—ß√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.4 ‡√’¬°«“à ·°π¢¥≈«¥ À√Õ◊  ‡μ‡μÕ√å §Õ√å √Õà ß∑‡’Ë ´“–¿“¬„π‚¥¬√Õ∫ ‡√¬’ °«“à  ≈ÁÕμ (slots) ‡ªìπ∑Ë’ ”À√—∫æ—π¢¥≈«¥·≈–·°π¢¥≈«¥π’È∑”Àπâ“∑Ë’‡ªìπ∑“߇¥‘π‡ âπ·√ß·¡à‡À≈Á°À√◊Õ‡ªìπ«ß®√ ·¡à‡À≈Á°¥«â ¬ √Ÿª∑’Ë 1.3 ·ºπà ‡À≈Á°≈“¡‘‡πμ (laminated sheet) √ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.4 ·°π¢¥≈«¥·≈–¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å ¢¥≈«¥ (stator winding) ¢¥≈«¥∑’æË —π≈ß„π ≈ÕÁ μ¢Õß·°π¢¥≈«¥π—Èπ·μ°μ“à ß°—πμ“¡™π‘¥ ¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√´å ÷Ëß®–‰¥°â ≈à“«∂ß÷ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πμÕπμàÕ‰ª ‡ πâ ≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß∑Ë’„™æâ π— ¢¥≈«¥πÈ’ ®–‡ªìπ ™π¥‘ ∑‡Ë’ §≈Õ◊ ∫¥«â ¬©π«π‰øø“Ñ Õ¬“à ߥ’ ‡™πà π”È ¡π— «“π™‘ ´ßË÷ ‡¡ÕË◊ ·Àßâ  π∑‘ ·≈«â ®–‡ªπì ©π«π‰øø“Ñ Õ¬“à ߥ’ ≈°— …≥–¢Õߢ¥≈«¥¥—ß√ªŸ ∑’Ë 1.5

∫∑∑Ë’ 1  «à πª√–°Õ∫∑«—Ë ‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈∫— 5 °. ¢¥≈«¥¡Õ‡μÕ√åÀπßË÷ ‡ø ·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß ¢. ¢¥≈«¥¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø  √Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.5 ≈—°…≥–¢Õߢ¥≈«¥¡Õ‡μÕ√å 1.2  «à π‡§≈Ë◊Õπ∑’Ë (Rotor)  à«ππ’È¡—°®–‡√’¬°°—π«à“‚√‡μÕ√å (rotor) ¡’ Õß·∫∫¥â«¬°—π §◊Õ ·∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°®À√◊Õ °√ß°√–√Õ° (squirrel cage rotor) ·≈–·∫∫«“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√å (wound rotor) ·μ≈à –·∫∫¬—ߪ√–°Õ∫¥«â ¬  ‘ßË  ”§—≠μàÕ‰ªπȧ’ ◊Õ ·°π‚√‡μÕ√å ¢¥≈«¥ „∫æ—¥ ·≈–‡æ≈“ ¥—ß®–‰¥â°≈“à «√“¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥μÕà ‰ªπÈ’ 1.2.1 ‚√‡μÕ√å·∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°® ‡ªìπ‚√‡μÕ√å∑’Ë„™â°—∫¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫À√◊Õ¡Õ‡μÕ√å∑’Ë∑”ß“π¥â«¬°“√‡Àπ’ˬ«π” ·¡à‡À≈Á°‰øøÑ“ ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ Õ‘π¥—°™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å ·°π‚√‡μÕ√å®–∑”¥â«¬·ºàπ‡À≈Á°∫“ßÊ ∑Ë’‡√’¬°«à“ ·ºàπ‡À≈Á°≈“¡‘‡πμ À√◊Õ·ºàπ≈“¡‘‡πμ (laminated sheet steel) ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫·°π¢¥≈«¥¢Õß  ‡μ‡μÕ√å∑Ë’‰¥â°≈à“«¡“·≈â« ¡’≈—°…≥–°≈¡ ‡´“–º‘«¿“¬πÕ°„À⇪ìπ√àÕß‚¥¬√Õ∫∑Ë’‡√’¬°«à“  ≈ÁÕμ μ√ß°≈“ß·ºàπ®–‡®“–√ Ÿ ”À√—∫ Õ¥‡æ≈“ ∫√‘‡«≥√–À«“à ß ≈ÕÁ μ√Õ∫ Ê ¢Õ∫°∫— √°Ÿ ≈“ß·ºàπ®–‡®“– ‡ªìπ√Ÿ‰«â‡æË◊Õ„™â™à«¬„π°“√√–∫“¬§«“¡√âÕπ ·≈–„Àâ‚√‡μÕ√å¡’π”È Àπ—°‡∫“¥—ß√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.6 ‡¡◊ËÕπ”‡Õ“ ·ºàπ≈“¡‡‘ πμ‡À≈à“π¡È’ “Õ—¥‡¢â“¥«â ¬°—π ®–‰¥â·°π‚√‡μÕ√å √Ÿª∑’Ë 1.6 ≈°— …≥–·ºàπ≈“¡‡‘ πμ¢Õß·°π‚√‡μÕ√å

6 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ ¢¥≈«¥∑Ë’Õ—¥‡¢â“‰ª„π ≈ÁÕμ¢Õß·°π‚√‡μÕ√åπ—Ëπ·∑π∑’Ë®–∑”¥â«¬≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß‡ âπ‡≈Á° Ê ¥ß— ‡™πà °√≥’¢Õߢ¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å ·μ®à –∑”¥â«¬·∑àßÕ–≈¡Ÿ ‘‡π’¬¡À≈Õà Õ¥— ‡¢“â ‰ª„π ≈ÁÕμ„Àâ·ππà ·≈â« ¬÷¥«ß·À«π∑’Ë¡’§√’∫¬◊ËπÕÕ°¡“‡¢â“°—∫ª≈“¬·μà≈–¢â“ߢÕß·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡∑Ë’‚º≈àÕÕ°¡“®“° ≈ÁÕμ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡‡À≈à“πÈ—π§√∫«ß®√∑“߉øøÑ“ À√◊Õ‰¡à°Áπ”‡Õ“·°π‚√‡μÕ√凢Ⓣª«“߉«â„π ·∫∫æ‘¡æå (mold) ·≈â«©’¥Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡‡À≈«‡¢â“‰ª ®–‰¥âÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡Õ—¥·πàπÕ¬àŸ„π ≈ÁÕμ®π‡μÁ¡ ·≈–¡§’ √∫’ ¬πË◊ ÕÕ°‰ª∑ßÈ—  Õߢ“â ߢÕß·°π‚√‡μÕ√¥å «â ¬§√∫’ ∑¬Ë’ π◊Ë ÕÕ°‰ª‡À≈“à π‡È’ √¬’ °«“à „∫楗 „™ â ”À√∫— √–∫“¬§«“¡√Õâ π ·≈–‡¡ÕË◊ Õ¥— ‡æ≈“‡¢“â ‰ª∑Ë’√°Ÿ ≈“ߢÕß·°π·≈«â ®–‰¥·â °π‚√‡μÕ√套ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1.8 √Ÿª∑’Ë 1.7 ·°π‚√‡μÕ√∑å ’Ë¡μ’ —«π”·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‡‘ π¬’ ¡Õ—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π ≈ÕÁ μ ·≈–·À«πÕ–≈¡Ÿ ‘‡π¬’ ¡æ√Õâ ¡§√∫’ ¬÷¥μ¥‘ Õ¬àŸ °. · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀπÁ ∂ß÷ ‚√‡μÕ√·å ∫∫°√ß°√–√Õ°∑ª’Ë √–°Õ∫¥«â ¬·°π‚√‡μÕ√¢å ¥≈«¥ (·∑ßà Õ–≈¡Ÿ ‡‘ π’¬¡) §√’∫ („∫楗 ) ·≈–‡æ≈“ ¢. · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ‡æ≈“∑ËÕ’ ¥— ·πàπÕ¬Ÿà°∫— ·°π‚√‡μÕ√å √Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.8 ≈—°…≥–·ºπà ≈“¡‡‘ πμ¢Õß·°π‚√‡μÕ√å

∫∑∑’Ë 1  «à πª√–°Õ∫∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øøÑ“°√–·  ≈∫— 7  “‡Àμ∑ÿ ˇ’ √¬’ °·°π‚√‡μÕ√·å ∫∫π’È«à“ ·°π·∫∫°√ß°√–√Õ°‡æ√“–«à“ ∂“â π”‡Õ“·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ∑Ë’Õ¥— Õ¬„àŸ π ≈ÁÕμ¢Õß·°π‚√‡μÕ√Õå Õ°¡“ª√–°Õ∫√à«¡°—∫·ºàπ«ß·À«π∑’ˬ¥÷ 쥑 À«— ∑⓬ ®–‰¥μâ —«π” ∑’Ë¡’‚§√ß √â“߇À¡◊Õπ°—∫°√ß°√–√Õ° À√◊Õ∂â“π”‡Õ“·°π‚√‡μÕ√åÕÕ°®“°‚√‡μÕ√å °Á®–‡À≈◊Õμ—«π” ∑È—ßÀ¡¥∑Ë’¡’‚§√ß √“â ߇À¡◊Õπ°∫— °√ß°√–√Õ°¥ß— · ¥ß„À‡â ÀÁπ„π√ªŸ ∑’Ë 1.9 ·À«π‡™◊ÕË ¡μ«— π” √Ÿ ”À√∫—  Õ¥·∑àßμ«— π” ·ºπà ≈“¡‡‘ π쪥î À«— ∑“â ¬μ«— π” °√ß°√–√Õ° √ªŸ ∑’Ë 1.9 μ«— π”¢Õß‚√‡μÕ√å∑μË’ àÕ°—π‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫°√ß°√–√Õ° ®“°√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.7 ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ ≈ÕÁ μ®–¡’≈—°…≥–∑”¡¡ÿ ‡Õ’¬ß°—∫·°πÀ√Õ◊ ‡æ≈“¢Õß‚√‡μÕ√å ·μ∫à “ß ·∫∫ ≈ÁÕμ®–¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ‡ âπμ√ߢπ“π°—∫‡æ≈“ ¢âÕ¥’¢Õß‚√‡μÕ√å∑Ë’¡’ ≈ÁÕμ∑”¡ÿ¡‡Õ’¬ß°—∫‡æ≈“ (Skewed) °§Á Õ◊ ‡¡ÕË◊ ¡Õ‡μÕ√∑å ”ß“π®–À¡πÿ ‡√’¬∫·≈–‡ß¬’ ∫°«à“·∫∫∑¡Ë’  ’ ≈ÕÁ μ¢π“π°—∫‡æ≈“ 1.2.2 ‚√‡μÕ√·å ∫∫«“«¥å À√◊Õ«“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√å ‚√‡μÕ√å·∫∫π¡’È ’ «à πª√–°Õ∫§≈⓬ Ê °∫— ‚√‡μÕ√·å ∫∫°√ß°√–√Õ° §◊Õ¡·’ °π‚√‡μÕ√∑å ∑Ë’ ” ¥â«¬·ºπà ‡À≈Á°≈“¡‘‡πμÕ¥— μ‘¥°π— ¡¢’ «¥≈«¥´÷ßË æπ— ¥â«¬‡ âπ≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß∑’ËÀÿ⡥⫬πÈ”¬“©π«π‰øø“Ñ ‚¥¬μà“ß®“°¢¥≈«¥¢Õß‚√‡μÕ√å·∫∫°√ß°√–√Õ°∑’Ë∑”¥â«¬·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ „∫æ—¥ ”À√—∫√–∫“¬ §«“¡√âÕπ¬÷¥μ‘¥Õ¬àŸÀ—«∑⓬¢Õß·°π‚√‡μÕ√å·≈–‡æ≈“ πÕ°®“°πÈ’‚√‡μÕ√å·∫∫«“«¥å¬—ß¡’·À«π ∑Õß·¥ß∑‡Ë’ √’¬°«à“  ≈‘ª√‘ß (slipring) μàÕ√à«¡°—∫ª≈“¬ “¬¢Õߢ¥≈«¥Õ°’ ÀπËß÷ ™¥ÿ ®”π«π 3 μ«— ‚¥¬ª°μ‘·≈â« «“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√å®–„™â°—∫¡Õ‡μÕ√å “¡‡ø ‡∑à“πÈ—π ¥—ßπ—Èπ ≈‘ª√‘ß∑È—ß “¡μ—« ®÷ß¡’ ‰« â ”À√∫— μÕà ‡¢“â °∫— Õªÿ °√≥§å «∫§¡ÿ ‡æÕ◊Ë ∑”„À¢â ¥≈«¥‚√‡μÕ√‡å °¥‘ §√∫«ß®√·≈–ª√–°Õ∫°“√‡√¡‘Ë À¡πÿ ( μ“√μå start) ·≈–°“√§«∫§¡ÿ §«“¡‡√Á« ≈—°…≥–¢Õß«“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√套ß√ªŸ ∑’Ë 1.10 √Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.10 ≈—°…≥–¢Õß‚√‡μÕ√å·∫∫«“«¥å∑¡’Ë ’¢¥≈«¥‚√‡μÕ√å „∫楗  ≈ª‘ √ß‘ ·≈–‡æ≈“

8 ¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— 1.3 Ω“§√Õ∫ (End Plate) ∑”¥â«¬‡À≈Á°À≈àÕ ‡®“–√Ÿμ√ß°≈“߇æ◊ËÕÕ—¥·∫√‘Ëß√Õß√—∫‡æ≈“¢Õß‚√‡μÕ√å ∑’ËΩ“§√Õ∫π’È∫“ß∑’Ë ®–‡®“–√Ÿ‰«¥â «â ¬‡æËÕ◊ ™à«¬„π°“√∂“à ¬‡∑Õ“°“» ≈—°…≥–¢ÕßΩ“§√Õ∫¡Õ‡μÕ√®å –‡ÀπÁ ‰¥â„π√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.1 1.4 ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å (Stator Winding) À¡“¬∂÷ß ¢¥≈«¥∑’Ëæ—πÕ¬Ÿà„π ≈ÁÕμ¢Õß·°π¢¥≈«¥∑’Ë ‡μ‡μÕ√åÀ√◊Õ ‡μ‡μÕ√å§Õ√å‡∑à“πÈ—π ‰¡√à «¡‰ª∂ß÷ ¢¥≈«¥À√◊Õ·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π¬’ ¡∑Ëæ’ π— À√Õ◊ Õ—¥Õ¬Ÿ„à π ≈ÁÕμ¢Õß‚√‡μÕ√å 14.1. ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈—∫ “¡‡ø ‡ªπì ·∫∫ Whole Coil Lap Winding ´Ë÷߇À¡◊Õπ°—π°—∫¢¥≈«¥Õ“√凡‡®Õ√å¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß°”‡π‘¥‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ °≈à“«§◊Õ ¢¥≈«¥ ¿“¬„μ⢫ȗ ·¡‡à À≈Á°Àπ÷Ëߢ«È— ππ—È ®–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¢¥≈«¥ 3 ™ÿ¥¥«â ¬°—π ´÷Ëß·μà≈–™¥ÿ ‡√’¬°«“à ‡ø  À√◊Õ ¬° §Õ◊ ‡ø  1 ‡ø  2 ·≈–‡ø  3 ‡ªìπμπâ ·≈–¢¥≈«¥·μà≈–‡ø °Á®–¡°’ ≈ÿ¡à ¢Õߧլ≈å (coil group) Õ’° ‡™àπ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å∑¡’Ë ’ 36  ≈ÁÕμ 4 ‚æ≈ (¢È«— ·¡‡à À≈Á°)  “¡‡ø  ®”π«π ≈ÁÕμμÕà ÀπË÷ß‚æ≈®–¡§’ “à 9  ≈ÁÕμ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®”π«π°≈àÿ¡¢Õߧլ≈å„πÀπ÷Ëß‚æ≈π’È°Á§◊Õ 9 §Õ¬≈å ·≈–®”π«π°≈àÿ¡§Õ¬≈åμàÕ Àπ÷Ë߇ø ®–¡’§à“ 3 §Õ¬≈å „π°“√æπ— ¢¥≈«¥∑—Èß 3 §Õ¬≈å„πÀπ÷Ë߇ø π’È ®–æπ— ≈ß ≈ÁÕμ‡√¬’ ß°π— ‰ª‰¥â 3  ≈ÁÕμ ·≈–°“√æ—π¢¥≈«¥∑È—ß 9 §Õ¬≈„å πÀπ÷ßË ‚æ≈π’°È ®Á –æπ— ≈ß ≈ÕÁ μ‡√’¬ß°—π‰ª 9  ≈ÁÕμ¥â«¬ ¥ß— √ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.11 ‡ø  A ‡ø  B ‡ø  C 1 ‚æ≈ °. °≈¡ÿà §Õ¬≈åμàÕ‡ø ¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø  ¢. °≈àÿ¡§Õ¬≈¢å Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø ÀπËß÷ ‚æ≈ · ¥ß‡©æ“–‡ø  A √Ÿª∑’Ë 1.11 ≈—°…≥–°“√æπ— ¢¥≈«¥·∫∫·≈ªÁ (Lap Winding)

∫∑∑Ë’ 1  à«πª√–°Õ∫∑Ë«— ‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— 9 ‡¡ÕË◊ æπ— ¢¥≈«¥®π§√∫∑ß—È 36 §Õ¬≈·å ≈«â ®– ß— ‡°μ‡ÀπÁ «“à „πÀπßË÷  ≈ÕÁ μ®–¡§’ Õ¬≈‰å ´¥Õå ¬ Ÿà Õß §Õ¬≈剴¥å ´Ëß÷ ‡ªìπ§Õ¬≈‰å ´¥¢å Õߧլ≈∑å Ëμ’ “à ß°π— ¥—ß√ªŸ ∑’Ë 1.12 ‚æ≈ 1 ‚æ≈ 2 ‚æ≈ 3 ‚æ≈ 4 √ªŸ ∑’Ë 1.12 · ¥ß°“√æ—π¢¥≈«¥≈ß„π ≈ÁÕμ¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø  §√∫∑ß—È 36  ≈ÕÁ μ ‡¡ËÕ◊ ¬◊¥ ≈ÁÕμÕÕ°‡ªπì ‡ πâ μ√ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°≈—°…≥–¢Õߢ¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å®–‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫¢¥≈«¥Õ“√凡‡®Õ√å¢Õß ‡§√ÕË◊ ß°”‡π¥‘ ¥ß— π—πÈ √–¬–æμ‘ ™¢å Õߧլ≈®å ÷ß·∫ßà ÕÕ°‰¥â 2 ·∫∫¥â«¬°π— §◊Õ §Õ¬≈å∑’Ë¡’√–¬–æμ‘ ™å‡μÁ¡ (full pitch) ·≈–§Õ¬≈∑å ¡Ë’ √’ –¬–æμ‘ ™‡å »… à«π (fractional pitch) §Õ¬≈å∑Ë’¡’√–¬–æ‘μ™å‡μÁ¡À¡“¬§«“¡«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ§Õ¬≈剴¥å (coil side) μâπ¢Õߧլ≈å§Õ¬≈åÀπ÷Ëß Õ¬°Ÿà ßË÷ °≈“ߢ«—È ‡ÀπÕ◊ ·≈«â Õ°’ §Õ¬≈‰å ´¥Àå πß÷Ë ¢Õߧլ≈‡å ¥¬’ «°π— πÈ’ °®Á –μÕâ ßÕ¬°Ÿà ßË÷ °≈“ߢ«È— „μ∑â ÕË’ ¬∂Ÿà ¥— ‰ª π—Ëπ°Á§◊Õ §Õ¬≈剴¥å∑—ßÈ  ÕߢÕߧլ≈‡å ¥’¬«°π— ®–Õ¬ÀàŸ “à ß°π— 180 Õß»“‰øø“Ñ ·μà∂ⓧլ≈å¡’√–¬–æ‘μ™å‡»… à«π §Õ¬≈剴¥å∑—Èß ÕߢÕߧլ≈凥’¬«°—π®–Õ¬ŸàÀà“ß°—π‰¡à∂÷ß 180 Õß»“‰øø“Ñ À¡“¬§«“¡«à“ ‡¡◊ÕË §Õ¬≈‰å ´¥μå âπ¢Õߧլ≈Àå πß÷Ë Õ¬àŸ°Ë÷ß°≈“ߢȫ— ‡Àπ◊Õ·≈«â Õ°’ §Õ¬≈å ‰´¥åÀπË÷ߢÕߧլ≈凥’¬«°—π®–Õ¬àŸ°àÕπ∂÷ß®ÿ¥°Ë÷ß°≈“ߢÕߢȗ«„μâ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà∂—¥‰ª ·≈–√–¬–æ‘μ™å¢Õß §Õ¬≈å¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å “¡‡ø  «à π„À≠à®–¡’√–¬–æ‘μ™‡å »… à«π ´Ëß÷ ¡¢’ âÕ¥¥’ ß— πÈ’ 1. ≈¥≈°’ ‡°®√·’ ÕÁ°·μπ´≈å ß ∑”„Àâ‡æ“‡«Õ√·å ø°‡μÕ√ å Ÿß¢÷Èπ 2. §«“¡°«â“ߢÕߧլ≈å·§∫≈ß ∑”„À§â Õ¬≈·å ¢Áß·√ߢ÷πÈ 3. ≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß∑’Ë„™âæ—π¢¥≈«¥πâÕ¬≈ß ®÷ß∑”„À⧫“¡ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‡π◊ËÕß®“°∑Õß·¥ß (copper loss) ≈¥≈ß 4. ∑”„À⧫“¡¬“«¢Õß·°π¢¥≈«¥≈¥≈ß √–¬–Àà“ߢÕß·∫√Ë‘ß∑—Èß Õߢâ“ß®÷ß·§∫≈ß ∑”„Àâ ·¢Áß·√ߢ÷πÈ 1.4.2 ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√åÀπ÷Ë߇ø  ¡≈’ °— …≥–‡ªìπ™ÿ¥ Ê ¡Õ߇ÀπÁ ‰¥âÕ¬à“߇¥à𙥗 ∑‡’Ë √¬’ °«à“ concentrated winding (§Õπ‡´π‡∑√μ ‰«π¥å ß‘È ) ‚¥¬∑Ë—« Ê ‰ª®–¡ ’ Õß™ÿ¥¥«â ¬°π— §Õ◊ ¢¥√—π (running winding) ·≈–¢¥ μ“√åμ (starting

10 ¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øøÑ“°√–·  ≈∫— winding À√◊Õ auxiliary winding) ‚¥¬ª°μ‘·≈â« ¢¥√—π®–æ—π¥â«¬≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß‡ âπ‚μ®”π«π √Õ∫¡“° ·≈–¢¥ μ“√åμ®–æ—π¥«â ¬≈«¥∑Õß·¥ß‡ πâ ‡≈°Á ®”π«π√Õ∫πÕâ ¬ ·≈–‚¥¬ª°μ‘∑Ë«— ‰ª·≈â« ®”π«π¢Õߢ¥≈«¥∑ß—È  Õß™¥ÿ π®È’ –‡∑à“°π— ‡™πà ∂â“¢¥√π— ¡’ 4 ™ÿ¥ ¢¥ μ“√åμ°Á®–μâÕß¡’ 4 ™ÿ¥¥«â ¬ ≈—°…≥–°“√æπ— ¢¥≈«¥¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈—∫ÀπËß÷ ‡ø  ·∫∫Àπ÷ßË ¥—ß√ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.13 ´÷ßË ¢¥√—π®–æ—πÕ¬¥àŸ â“π„π ¢Õß ≈ÕÁ μ  à«π¢¥ μ“√μå ®–æπ— Õ¬¥àŸ â“ππÕ°¢Õß ≈ÁÕμ ¥ß— √Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.14 ¢¥≈«¥Àπ÷Ëß™ÿ¥®–¡’ 3 §Õ¬≈å §Õ◊ §Õ¬≈πå Õ° (outer coil) §Õ¬≈å°≈“ß (middle coil) ·≈– §Õ¬≈„å π (inner coil) ‡«≈“æ—π®–æ—π∑§’Ë Õ¬≈å„π°Õà π ‡¡Ë◊Õ‰¥®â ”π«π√Õ∫§√∫·≈â«®÷ßæπ— §Õ¬≈°å ≈“ß ‡¡ÕË◊ æπ— §Õ¬≈°å ≈“߇ √®Á ·≈«â ®ß÷ æπ— §Õ¬≈πå Õ° μ“¡√ªŸ ∑’Ë 1.13 π’È §Õ¬≈„å π¡√’ –¬–æμ‘ ™å 1›4 §Õ¬≈°å ≈“ß ¡’√–¬–æμ‘ ™å 1›6 ·≈–§Õ¬≈πå Õ°¡’√–¬–æ‘μ™å 1›8 §Õ¬≈åπÕ° √–¬–æμ‘ ™å 1›8 §Õ¬≈å°≈“ß √–¬–æ‘μ™å 1›6 §Õ¬≈„å π √–¬–æμ‘ ™å 1›4  ≈ÁÕμ √ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.13 ≈—°…≥–°“√æ—π¢¥≈«¥¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å ø ≈∫— Àπß÷Ë ‡ø ·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß √Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.14 · ¥ß«‘∏’æ—π¢¥√—π·≈–¢¥ μ“√åμ¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈—∫ÀπË÷߇ø ·∫∫ÀπË÷ß∑’Ë¡’ ®”π«π ≈ÕÁ μ 32  ≈ÕÁ μ ™π¥‘ 4 ‚æ≈ ®–¡¢’ ¥√π— 4 ™ÿ¥ ¢¥ μ“√åμ 4 ™¥ÿ ´Ë÷ß¡’√–¬–æμ‘ ™¢å Õß §Õ¬≈åμ“à ß Ê ¢Õߢ¥≈«¥∑Èß—  Õß™¥ÿ ‡∑à“°—π

∫∑∑Ë’ 1  à«πª√–°Õ∫∑—«Ë ‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ 11 ¢¥√π— ¢¥√π— 1 ‚æ≈ ¢¥√—π ¢¥ μ“√åμ ¢¥ μ“√μå √ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.14 ≈—°…≥–°“√æ—π¢¥√π— ·≈–¢¥ μ“√μå ¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å ø ≈—∫ÀπßË÷ ‡ø ·∫∫ÀπßË÷ ∑¡Ë’ ’ 32  ≈ÁÕμ  ”À√—∫√“¬≈–‡Õ¬’ ¥¢Õߢ¥≈«¥¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈∫— ÀπßË÷ ‡ø  ·μà≈–·∫∫®–‰¥â°≈à“«∂÷ß„π∫∑μàÕ‰ª

12 ¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈—∫ „∫ªØ‘∫μ— ‘ß“π∑Ë’ 1 «‘™“ ¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈∫— ∫∑∑Ë’ 1  à«πª√–°Õ∫∑«—Ë ‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øøÑ“°√–·  ≈∫— ‡√ÕË◊ ß °“√∂Õ¥ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å ø ≈—∫ ®¥ÿ ª√– ß§‡å ™ß‘ æƒμ‘°√√¡ 1. ∂Õ¥ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å ø ≈—∫‰¥∂â Ÿ°μÕâ ß 2. ∫Õ°™Õ◊Ë  à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å ø ≈—∫‰¥∂â Ÿ°μâÕß 3. ∫Õ°Àπâ“∑Ë¢’ Õß «à πª√–°Õ∫¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈—∫‰¥â∂Ÿ°μâÕß ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ·≈–Õªÿ °√≥å 1. ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈∫— ·∫∫°√ß°√–√Õ° 1 ‡ø  À√◊Õ 3 ‡ø  1 μ«— 2. ‰¢§«ß™ÿ¥ 1 ™ÿ¥ 3. §’¡™à“߉øø“Ñ 1 μ«— 4. §¡’ ª“°¬“« 1 μ«— 5. §’¡μ¥— 1 μ«— 6. §Õâ π¬“ßÀ√◊Õ§âÕπæ≈“ μ°‘ 1 μ«— 7. ª√–·®ª“°μ“¬À√Õ◊ ª√–·®∫≈ÁÕ° 1 μ«— 8. ‰¢§«ß¥“â ¡¬“« 1 μ«— 9. ‡À≈°Á π”»πŸ ¬å 1 ·∑ßà ≈”¥∫— ¢Èπ— °“√ªØ∫‘ —μß‘ “π 1. „™â‡À≈°Á π”»Ÿπ¬åμÕ°∑‚Ë’ §√ß (yoke) √‘¡¢Õ∫∑μ’Ë ‘¥°—∫Ω“§√Õ∫ 2 ®¥ÿ ‡√’¬ß°—πμ“¡¢Õ∫‚§âß 2. „™â‡À≈Á°π”»πŸ ¬μå Õ°∑ΩË’ “§√Õ∫ 2 ®ÿ¥μ√ß°π— °∫— 2 ®¥ÿ ∑’Ë‚§√ß 3. „™‡â À≈°Á π”»Ÿπ¬μå Õ°∑’Ë‚§√ß√¡‘ ¢Õ∫Õ’°¥“â πÀπßË÷ ¢ÕßΩ“§√Õ∫Àπ÷Ëß®ÿ¥ 4. „™â‡À≈°Á π”»πŸ ¬åμÕ°∑Ë’Ω“§√Õ∫μ√ß°—∫‚§√ßÀπËß÷ ®ÿ¥ ‡æËÕ◊  –¥«°„π°“√ª√–°Õ∫ 5. ∂Õ¥ “¬‰øÕÕ°®“°¢—«È μàÕ “¬„π°≈àÕßμÕà  “¬¥â“π¢â“ß¡Õ‡μÕ√å 6. „™âª√–·®∫≈ÁÕ°À√◊Õª√–·®ª“°μ“¬§≈“¬πÕμ·≈– °√Ÿ 4 μ—«∑’ˬ÷¥Ω“§√Õ∫∑—Èß 2 ¥â“π °—∫‚§√߇¢â“¥â«¬°π— ÕÕ° 7. „™‰â ¢§«ßª“°·∫π„À≠‡à  ’¬∫‡¢â“√–À«“à ßΩ“§√Õ∫·≈–‚§√ß¡Õ‡μÕ√å ‚¬°‰¢§«ß‰ª¡“„Àâ Ω“§√Õ∫Õ“â ÕÕ° ·≈–¥ß÷ Ω“§√Õ∫æ√âÕ¡‚√‡μÕ√Õå Õ°¡“

∫∑∑’Ë 1  «à πª√–°Õ∫∑«Ë— ‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈—∫ 13 8. ‡¡Õ◊Ë ∂Õ¥ÕÕ°¡“À¡¥®–‰¥ â «à πª√–°Õ∫¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å ø ≈∫— ·∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°® (°√ß°√–√Õ°) μ“¡√ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.1 3 12 3 1. ‚§√ß¡Õ‡μÕ√å·≈–¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å 2.‚√‡μÕ√å 3. Ω“§√Õ∫À«— ∑“â ¬¡Õ‡μÕ√å √ªŸ „∫ªØ‘∫μ— ß‘ “π∑Ë’ 1.1  à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈∫— ·∫∫°√ß°√–√Õ° 9. ®–‡ÀÁπ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√åæ—πÕ¬àŸ°—∫·°π‡À≈Á°≈“¡‘‡πμ∑Ë’Õ—¥μ‘¥°—∫‚§√ß¡Õ‡μÕ√å ·°π‡À≈Á° ≈“¡‘‡πμ®–¡ ’ ≈ÁÕ쥓â π„π¥—ß√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.2 °. ¡Õ‡μÕ√å 1 ‡ø  ¢. ¡Õ‡μÕ√å 3 ‡ø  √Ÿª„∫ªØ∫‘ —μß‘ “π∑Ë’ 1.2 ·ºπà ‡À≈Á°≈“¡‡‘ πμ∑∑Ë’ ”‡ªπì ·°π¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å ¡ ’ ≈ÕÁ 쥓â π„π 10. ∂Ⓡªìπ‚√‡μÕ√å ¢¥≈«¥Õ“®∑”®“°·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡°≈¡Õ—¥‡¢â“„π ≈ÁÕμ Õ“®®–‡©’¬ßÀ√◊Õ μ√ß°Á‰¥â·≈â«·μà°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫ ·≈–‡™Ë◊Õ¡·μà≈–¥â“π¢Õß·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡°≈¡¥â«¬·ºàπÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ °≈¡°≈«ß¡’§√∫’ ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1.3

14 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øøÑ“°√–·  ≈—∫ √Ÿª„∫ªØ∫‘ μ— ‘ß“π∑’Ë 1.3 ‚√‡μÕ√å·∫∫ ‰§«‡√®‡°® (°√ß°√–√Õ°) 11. ∂Ⓡªìπ¡Õ‡μÕ√å·∫∫ ≈‘ª√‘ß (Slip ring) À√◊Õ‰«√å«“«¥å (Wire Wound) °“√∂Õ¥ ª√–°Õ∫®–¬àßÿ ¬“°¡“°¢È÷π ‡æ√“–®–¡’·ª√ß∂“à π·≈– ≈‘ª√ß‘ ‡æ‘Ë¡‡¢â“¡“ ¥ß— √ªŸ ∑Ë’ 1.4 √Ÿª„∫ªØ‘∫μ— ß‘ “π∑Ë’ 1.4 ‚√‡μÕ√å ≈ª‘ √ß‘ (‰«√å«“«¥å) 12. ¡Õ‡μÕ√åÀπË÷߇ø  ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√套ß√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.5 °. ¡Õ‡μÕ√å “¡‡ø  ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å ¥ß— √Ÿª∑’Ë 1.5 ¢. °. ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√Àå πË÷߇ø  ¢. ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√¢å Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å “¡‡ø  √Ÿª„∫ªØ‘∫μ— ß‘ “π∑Ë’ 1.5 ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈∫— 13. ∂Ⓡªìπ¡Õ‡μÕ√å ª≈‘μ‡ø  À√◊Õ§“ª“´‘‡μÕ√å ®–¡’ «‘μ™å·√߇À«Ë’¬ß¥â«¬ ‚¥¬ à«πÀπ÷Ëß μ¥‘ °—∫Ω“§√Õ∫¥â“πÀπ÷Ëß Õ’° à«πÀπ÷ßË ®–쥑 Õ¬°àŸ —∫‚√‡μÕ√å ¥—ß√Ÿª∑Ë’ 1.6

∫∑∑Ë’ 1  à«πª√–°Õ∫∑Ë—«‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈—∫ 15 °.  à«π∑μË’ ¥‘ °—∫‚√‡μÕ√å ¢.  «à π∑’Ë쥑 °—∫Ω“§√Õ∫ §.  «μ‘ ™å·√߇À«’¬Ë ߢ≥–¡Õ‡μÕ√剡à∑”ß“π ß.  «μ‘ ™·å √߇À«’¬Ë ߢ≥–¡Õ‡μÕ√Àå ¡πÿ ¡’§«“¡‡√Á« 75% ¢Õߧ«“¡‡√«Á ´ß‘ ‚§√π — ·≈«â √Ÿª„∫ªØ‘∫μ— ß‘ “π∑Ë’ 1.6  «‘μ™å·√߇À«’Ë¬ß (Centrifugal switch) §”∂“¡ 1. ∂⓬—߉¡à∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫®–√⟉¥âÕ¬à“߉√«à“¡Õ‡μÕ√μå —«‰Àπ‡ªπì Àπ÷ßË ‡ø  μ—«‰Àπ‡ªìπ “¡‡ø  ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. 2. ∂⓬—߉¡à∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫®–√Ÿâ‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√«à“ ¡Õ‡μÕ√åμ—«‰Àπ‡ªìπ ª≈‘μ‡ø  ¡Õ‡μÕ√åμ—«‰Àπ‡ªì𠧓ª“´‡‘ μÕ√å ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................

16 ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈—∫ 3. ∂“⠬ߗ ‰¡∂à Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫®–√‰âŸ ¥Õâ ¬“à ߉√«“à ¡Õ‡μÕ√ å “¡‡ø μ«— ‰Àπ‡ªπì ·∫∫ ‰§«‡√≈‡°® ¡Õ‡μÕ√å μ«— ‰Àπ‡ªìπ·∫∫‰«√å«“«¥å ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. 4. ·ºàπ‡À≈Á°≈“¡‘‡πμ „™â∑” à«π„¥¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√Àå π÷ßË ‡ø ·≈– “¡‡ø ∫â“ß ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. 5. ·ºàπ‡À≈Á°≈“¡‡‘ πμ¡≈’ —°…≥–Õ¬“à ߉√ ·≈–¡’§≥ÿ  ¡∫μ— Õ‘ ¬à“߉√ ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. 6. ·ºàπÕ–≈¡Ÿ ‡‘ π’¬¡ªî¥À—«∑⓬·∑àßÕ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π¬’ ¡∑‚Ë’ √‡μÕ√å ¡’§√’∫∑ß—È 2 ¥â“π‰«‡â æ◊ËÕÕ–‰√ ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. 7.  «μ‘ ™·å √߇À«’ˬߡ’Àπ“â ∑Õ’Ë –‰√ ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................  √ªÿ º≈°“√ªØ‘∫—μß‘ “π ................................................................................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................................

∫∑∑Ë’ 1  «à πª√–°Õ∫∑—«Ë ‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√‰å øø“Ñ °√–·  ≈—∫ 17 1 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1.  à«πª√–°Õ∫∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√°å √–·  ≈—∫·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥â°ËÕ’ ¬à“ß Õ–‰√∫“â ß 2. Õ∏∫‘ “¬ «à πª√–°Õ∫·μ≈à –Õ¬à“ߢÕß¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈∫— „À‡â ¢“â „®Õ¬“à ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥ 3. Õ∏∫‘ “¬§«“¡·μ°μ“à ß√–À«“à ß ‰§«‡√≈‡°®¡Õ‡μÕ√å°∫— «“«¥‚å √‡μÕ√å¡Õ‡μÕ√å„À⇢“â „® 4. ∑”‰¡®÷߇√’¬°¡Õ‡μÕ√°å √–·  ≈—∫«à“ Õπ‘ ¥°— ™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å 5. Õ∏∫‘ “¬§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧ”«à“√–¬–æ‘μ™å‡μÁ¡ ·≈–√–¬–æμ‘ ™‡å »… «à π„À‡â ¢â“„® 6. Õ∏‘∫“¬§«“¡·μ°μà“ß√–À«à“ߢ¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å “¡‡ø  ·≈–¡Õ‡μÕ√åÀπ÷Ë߇ø  „À⇢“â „® 7. ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈—∫‡ª≈¬’Ë π°”≈—ßÀ√◊Õæ≈—ßß“πÕ–‰√„À⇪πì °”≈ß— À√◊Õæ≈—ßß“πÕ–‰√ °. °”≈ß— ‰øøÑ“‡ªìπ°”≈—ß°≈ ¢. °”≈—ßæ≈‡ªπì °”≈ß— ‰øøÑ“ §. æ≈—ßß“π‰øøÑ“‡ªìπæ≈—ßß“π°≈ ß. æ≈ß— ß“π°≈‡ªπì æ≈—ßß“π‰øø“Ñ 8. ‡Õ“∑åæÿ∑¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√凰‘¥¢πÈ÷ ∑’Ë„¥ °.  ‡μ‡μÕ√å ¢. ‚√‡μÕ√å §. ¢¥≈«¥ ‡μ‡μÕ√å ß. ¢¥≈«¥‚√‡μÕ√å 9. ‡√’¬°¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈—∫«“à Õ‘π¥°— ™—π¡Õ‡μÕ√å ‡æ√“–Õ–‰√ °. æ≈—ßß“π‡Õ“μæå ÿμ‡°¥‘ ®“°°“√‡Àπ’ˬ«π” ¢. æ≈—ßß“πÕπ‘ æμÿ ‡°‘¥®“°°“√‡Àπ’ˬ«π” §. ‚√‡μÕ√凪ìπ·∫∫°√ß°√–√Õ° ß. ‚√‡μÕ√‡å ªπì ·∫∫«“«¥‚å √‡μÕ√å 10. ¡Õ‡μÕ√å‰ø ≈∫—  à«π„À≠‡à ªπì ·∫∫„¥ °. «“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√å ¢.  ≈‘ª√ß‘ ¡Õ‡μÕ√å §.  ‰§«‡√≈‡°®‚√‡μÕ√å ß. Õ‘π¥—°™π— ¡Õ‡μÕ√å 11.  ≈ª‘ √ß‘ ¢Õß¡Õ‡μÕ√å·∫∫«“«¥å‚√‡μÕ√塉’ «‡â æÕË◊ Õ–‰√ °. ®à“¬‰ø„À‚â À≈¥¿“¬πÕ° ¢. √—∫‰ø®“°·À≈àß®à“¬¿“¬πÕ° §. √—∫‰ø®“° ‡μ‡μÕ√‡å ¢“â  Ÿ‚à √‡μÕ√å ß. μÕà «ß®√‚√‡μÕ√å„Àâ§√∫«ß®√ 12.  à«π„¥¢Õß ‡μ‡μÕ√∑å ’Ë∑”¥«â ¬·ºàπ≈“¡‡‘ πμ °. ‚§√߇À≈°Á ¿“¬πÕ° ¢. ·°π¢¥≈«¥ §. ·°π‡À≈°Á ß. Ω“§√Õ∫

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