Programme2015 - 2016&The Lit Phil admin@manlitphil.ac.uk www.manlitphil.ac.uk
Welcfroommthe PeresidentWelcome to a new season widening participation to for which your Council literature, science, the artsand Sections have prepared and discussion of publica full programme of lectures affairs. We also hope thatand other events. During members of the publicthe past year, Council has who attend regularly willlooked carefully at how the eventually join the LitSociety operates and the & Phil, helping lead thenew season will see gradual 234-year-old Society intoimplementation of the the future.improvements, including Changes in the Manchestera new booking system, Metropolitan Universitynew website and increased Campus will require ususe of the internet in our shortly to move our officescommunications with you. and we will keep youWe continue to hold our informed; no letters will bemeetings principally on or lost!close to the Oxford Road I look forward to meetingCorridor so that members as many of you as possibleand new attendees can during the session - enjoy it!find them readily andcan take advantage of Professor Sir Netar Mallickthe competitive parkingrates available in the areaeach evening. Particularmeetings are also planned atother venues in Manchester,for example Chetham’sSchool of Music and GortonMonastery, with some visitsto places further afieldplanned as well. These havebeen popular in the pastand allow smaller groupsof members the chance tomeet together. We continueto arrange supper for thosewho attend lectures and feelthat this, too, is a valuablemeans for members to meetinformally; these socialacquaintanceships are soimportant to the life of theSociety.We welcome members ofthe public to attend ourlectures, adding to the richcultural and intellectuallife of Manchester and 3
Contents Sept - Dec Lectures The History of Raquets and Tenys (Society AGM) 6 Quarry Bank Mill 8 Feasts and Famines 10 Miss Rachel B Kay-Shuttleworth: Treasured Textiles 12 Manchester Grammar School - its History 14 The Scottish Political Earthquake (2015) 16 The Anthropocene: When Did Humans Become a Global Force of Nature? 18 Graham Green and Alfred Hitchcock 20 The Huygens probe at Titan, Philae at Comet 67P 22 Baronies, Manor & Royal Hunting Forests 24 The Big Squeeze - Putting Materials Under Pressure 26 Degenerate Music - Secret Soundtrack of 3rd Reich 28 Society Carol Service 30 Why is Britain Badly Governed? 32 Society Christmas Event 34 Jan - March Lectures Zero Tolerance - future of sport-related concussion 36 How the Nose Knows 38 Excavating Engels: exploring the Archaeology of Manchester’s Industrial Housing 40 Performance in Place of War 42 Anaesthesia & Critical Care in Action 44 Virtual Fossils: Soft-bodied Sensations from the Silurian 46 The Percival Lecture 2016 48 Alchemy, Obsession, Poison and Death 50 Supertrams & Metros: Key to Urban Regeneration or Vanity Project? 52 Healthcare in Humanitarian Emergencies 54 The Future of Museums in the UK 56 John Ruskin: a Life in Pictures 58 April - June Lectures Modelling Flood Inundation from Street to Continental Scales 60 Introduction to Non-Verbal Communication in Human Interaction 62 Christopher Isherwood and the Bradshaws of Marple Hall 64 Biofuels: from Curly Arrows to Pilot Plants 664
ContentsThe Story of Manchester’s Taj Mahal - Stranger than Fiction 68Shale Gas in the UK: What, Where and How: a Geologist’s Perspective 70Silver Spoons and Golden Genes: Talent Differentials and Distributive Justice 72Hidden Gems of Cheshire: Daresbury, its environs and the Catalyst Science Discovery Centre 74President’s Annual Dinner 76Manchester Lecture 78Society and General InformationNew Booking Procedure Information 49Membership 79Venue, Parking and Accessibility Information 80Officers and Council 82 Please be aware that as this Programme is distributed at the beginning of the season, it is advisable to check the website for up-to-date information regarding venues and start times etc., as they sometimes have to be changed from the printed programme.The events are colour labelled to correspond to the sectionsbelow. This can denote either that the lecture was arrangedby that particular section(s) and/or, will be of interest toschool students, i.e. ‘YP’. C COUNCIL A ARTS SP SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY S&T SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY YP YOUNG PEOPLE 5
The History of Tenys A Racquet CourtathnroduRghasceqveureatlsC:eanRtuormieps ofEsoteric Small Ball GamesRTPehotuyearrslBdNaaoyrnr2teh4stehrnSeCpotlelmegbeeorf2M01u5sic 7:30pmThe lecture will follow the Society’s AGM at 6.30pmThe earliest tenys was played in the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries (depending upon where inEurope you look) but its earlier origins can be tracedto the twelfth century and possibly earlier. It beganin the streets and fields of France and Spain, movedindoors to churches and monasteries and finallyreached the palaces of kings and princes where tenniscourts were purpose-built.The 1850s saw croquet arrive in England from France which quickly became the first acceptableoutdoor game for the middle and upper classes ofboth sexes. The idea of a genteel garden game wasso popular that a more active game was invented forthe croquet lawn by the late 1850s called lawn tennis.In the 1870s this became extraordinarily popularand the name was quickly simplified to just tennis.As a result, players began to call the original ancientgame real tennis.Racquets (now often spelled rackets) was developed as a gentleman’s exercise in debtors’ prison. Itbegan as a form of fives (the ball being played off a6 MEMBERS ONLY
A Tennis Courtwall with the hands) but soon tennis racquets werebrought in - probably to make the game faster.The game moved indoors (so that four walls were used) where racquets quickly became (and remains)the fastest ball game in the world. It was so fast thatthe boys at Harrow took their racquets into the muchsmaller adjacent Rugby fives courts and used a newlyinvented hollow rubber ball which squashed as it hitthe wall and rebounded much more slowly. Thus wasthe game of squash racquets invented.This forty-minute lecture may also touch upon other esoteric but closely associated sports such as longfives, Eton fives, sticke tennis, sphairistické and pelota.Peter Barnes, a past vice-president of the Lit & Phil, has been events co-ordinator for the Society andits honorary secretary. He has also spent several yearson the Social Philosophy Committee. Mr Barnes has abackground in buying or starting up, then growing smallbusinesses to sell on. He has also been a professionalacrobat, an outdoor pursuits instructor, a Lake DistrictNational Park warden, an escape artist, a stage hypnotistand a lecturer in the history and philosophy of physicaleducation. C7
Quarry Bank MillArts VisitPQWueadrnreysdBaaynk30MthilSl,eSpttyeaml 1b1earm20-145.30pm ioneering cotton entrepreneur Samuel Greg (1758-1834) founded Quarry Bank Mill in Styal in1784, seizing the chance to invest in the revolutionarynew technology emerging in the North-West, thewaterframe devised by Richard Arkwright whichenabled water-powered cotton spinning machines.Not only did the mill itself expand over the years,but so did Greg’s mercantile activities leading toan ‘empire’ of five cotton spinning and weavingmills (Styal, Caton, Lancaster, Bury and Bollington)which employed more than 2000 people. Greg’sfour sons, Robert, Samuel (jr.), John and William,joined the family business and eventually took overleadership of the various sites. Unfortunately forthe family business, Samuel and William were notprofit-driven enough to steer the successful runningof the Bollington and Bury mills respectively, withboth retiring or leaving the cotton industry followingunmanageable business conditions.Robert Hyde Greg continued in the path of his father, although he too had not been immuneto business-related stress, resulting in a nervousbreakdown in 1839. Whilst running the mill, RobertHyde Greg had also been a founding member of theAnti-Corn Law League Association and had beenelected MP for Manchester in 1839 as the ACLLcandidate.In addition to the Greg’s important role in the industrial and political life in Manchester, Samuel,Robert Hyde and William Rathbone Greg wereall active members of the Manchester Literary &Philosophical Society. Both Robert and William hadarticles published in the Lit & Phil Memoirs (secondseries, vol. 4 and vol. 6).The Gregs were also significant members of the Non-Conformist, Unitarian Group formedaround the Gaskells at the Cross Street Chapel. As A8
such, Elizabeth Gaskell was well known to the familyand it was rumoured that they were critical of herportrayal of the mill owners of Manchester in her novelMary Barton and in order to correct that view she wasfar kinder in North & South. As prominent membersof the Unitarian group, they would have also met theGaskell’s friend Charlotte Brontë. Another well-foundedrumour suggests that William Rathbone Greg, a prolificauthor himself, was regarded by his contemporaries asthe model for Mr Rochester in Jane Eyre.The name of Styal village in Cheshire comes from the Anglo-Norse meaning ‘place of secrets’. This visit isa unique opportunity for today’s Lit & Phil members toexplore the home of three of our former distinguishedmembers, who not only built what became the biggestspinning and weaving company in the UK, but werealso active players in Manchester’s cultural life. Thevisit includes a chance to view some of the hiddengems of Quarry Bank Mill’s vast archives not normallyon display to the public and enjoy guided tours of theApprentice House and the Mill. The full itinerary forthe day is available to view on our website.The visit costs £12 for National Trust members whosemembership automatically entitles them to free entry.£23 for those who are not members of the NationalTrust. These discounted rates have been set by the Societyafter consultation with Quarry Bank Mill staff and theSociety appreciates their interest and cooperation. Themaximum number of places on the tour is 25 so bookas soon as possible to avoid disappointment. Quarry Bank Mill © quarrybankmill.wordpress.com 9
Feasts and Famines:trehovoellleAurtfcirooiacnsatnerRainftdVhaullmeya,nclimate WDMreadnSunchseaesndstnaeyer 3SD0cehtnhutlSatelzpEtdeumcbateiro2n0C15entre 7pmThe East African Rift Valley is undoubtedly the evolutionary cradle of hominins (the group consisting of modern humans, extinct human species and all our immediate ancestors). Far more hominin species’ First Appearance Dates (FAD) have been recorded in this region than anywhere else. It has been recently argued that this reflects the unique tectonic and climatic forces in the East African Rift Valley, which resulted in dramatic climate shifts over the Quaternary, in which periods of high-rainfall, coupled with the appearance of large lake basins resulted in periods of high productivity. These periods were followed by prolonged drought (or reduced rainfall) and the subsequent contraction and disappearance of the freshwater lakes. These climate East African Rift Valley © Michał Huniewicz10 SP
shifts are contemporary with hominin speciation andextinction events, which has led to the developmentof the Pulsed Climate Variability Hypothesis, whichargues that climate change in East Africa played avital role in stimulating human evolution . However,to further evidence the theory, the large climate shiftsshould also impact on other vertebrate, and specifically,large mammals in the region. Dr Schultz will discussthe regional events that led up to a profound ecologicalchange associated with 1.8-2 million years ago and theevolutionary pressures that might have been exerted onthe contemporary hominins. Finally, she will contrastthe Pulsed Climate Variability Hypothesis with otherhypotheses focusing on how paleoclimate impactedon human evolution.Dr Susanne Shultz is a Royal Society UniversityResearch Fellow in theFaculty of Life Sciences at theUniversity of Manchester.Her research focuses onbehavioural evolution,especially with regard tothe understanding of theemergence of human andanimal societies. She has alsoworked with Professor Mark Dr Susanne SchultzMaslin who first introducedthe idea of the Pulsed Climate Variability Hypothesisin 2009 with Professor Martin Trauth. Professor Maslinhas also worked with another of our speakers, Dr SimonLewis, on ‘Defining the Anthropocene’. Attendees of thislecture may also be interested in Dr Lewis’ lecture forthe Science & Technology Section on Thursday 22ndOctober. SP 11
Miss Rachel B. Kay-Shuttleworth: TreasuredTextilesVWMaaenndencshseaesdsMtaeycrD7DtehernmOtaoclttEtobdeurca2t0i1o5n Centre 7pmHoused at Gawthorpe Hall in Padiham, near Burnley, Gawthorpe Textile Collection is one ofthe finest textile collections in Europe. It was amassedby Miss Rachel B. Kay-Shuttleworth (1886 – 1967)who was the last family member to live at GawthorpeHall. Inheriting the values of the philanthropic Kay-Shuttleworth family, Miss Rachel worked to improvesocial welfare throughout her life and was heavilyinvolved with a range of causes, particular duringwartime and recession.Her lifelong passion, however, were her textiles – she collected them, wrote about them, was anaccomplished needleworker herself and a generousand committed teacher. She truly believed that craftand creativity were beneficial to well-being andhappiness. Miss Rachel turned her ancestral homeinto a Craft House in order to keep alive the traditionalDetail of the outer border of a piecework and appliqué bedcover ‘Hoverfly’ c.181212 A
Rachel Kay-Shuttleworthskills and techniques she feared were being lost. Shefilled the house with exquisite examples of embroidery,lace, costume, fabrics and textile artefacts from acrossthe world – all beautifully and precisely labelled in herown handwriting with her favourite green ink. ForMiss Rachel, her collection was a precious teachingresource, she was passionate about inspiring peopleto craft and create.This lecture will tell the story of Miss Rachel, exploring her unique and stunning collection andthe stories that surround it.Vanessa McDermott has been Director of Gawthorpe Textiles Collection since September 2014. She has12 years experience of working in Arts, Heritage andCommunity settings around the North West includingTate Liverpool where she was Programmes Manager inthe Learning Team and also worked as Public Sectorand Trusts Manager.For information about visiting Gawthorpe Halland to see the online photo gallery of some ofthe pieces from the textile collection please visit:www.gawthorpetextiles.org.ukPlease note that the Hall is closed for conservation workduring 2015 and will reopen in Spring 2016. A 13
Dare to be Wise - a historyof Manchester Grammar School PRWMaaeatcrdnhinccehkelesKTdsthnaeoyeram1Gle4rwtahimtOhmcMtaorabrSeycrhA2on0on1l57Dpamvison andThe Manchester Grammar School was founded 500 years ago for the promotion of ‘Godliness and good learning among the poor boys of Manchester’, with the motto sapere aude, dare to be wise. This notion itself is worthy of exploration: why does wisdom require daring, and has the school over the course of its history followed the path of wisdom? We shall look at educators who have contributed to the development of the school and will see if their vision continues to animate the school in the twenty-first century. We shall not limit ourselves merely to the history of the school, however, as a great institution has influence far beyond its own walls, and we shall also look at the contribution that the school and its alumni have made to the life of the city, this country and the wider world: have we added to the stock of human wisdom? Finally, no organisation, however illustrious, can live on its former glories alone: what of the school today? Is it fit for purpose in a country where education has become highly politicized, and where widening participation and equality of access are, quite rightly, the watchwords of the champions of educational progress? We shall, hopefully, find some entertainment along the way. Patrick was educated at Tonbridge School and Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he read Modern and Medieval Languages. He came to the Manchester Grammar School in 1988 to teach French and German. He became in due course Head of French and Deputy Head of Modern Languages and for the last five years he has been Head of Sixth Form, with particular responsibility14 MEMBERS AND GUESTS ONLY
for oversight of the university application process.Primarily a French specialist, Patrick continues to teachFrench and German at all levels of the school and takesparticular pleasure in running additional lunchtimesessions on the appreciation of foreign poetry. Otherinterests include history, music and bird-watching.Mary Ann was born and raised in North Ayrshire and completed a Masters in History at theUniversity of Aberdeen in 2002. She worked at OxfordUniversity Archives for a year before undertaking a year-long Masters in Archives and Records Management atthe University of Liverpool in 2003. She has workedfor various organisations as an Archivist and RecordsManager, including Derbyshire Record Office and theRoyal Northern College of Music. She began workingin the Archives at the Manchester Grammar Schoolin February of this year and is enjoying working at aground-floor level as opposed to in a basement withfew windows – not tomention the 500 yearhistory. Interestsinclude music, historyand writing.Rachel Kneale is originallyfrom Bromsgrove inWorcestershire and was educated at the University ofLiverpool where she completed a BA in Ancient Historyand Archaeology and a Diploma in Archives andRecords Management. She has worked at ManchesterGrammar School since 2010, and prior to this worked asRecords Manager at Shropshire Council and Archivistat Wycombe High School for Girls. Rachel has enjoyedimmensely the opportunity to develop the archivesat MGS into a resource for boys, staff and outsideresearchers. She feels lucky to have found a careerthat allows her to indulge her love of history and “oldthings”!The talk will also include a look at some of thedocuments from the archives and artefacts held inthe school library. C 15
the CLAYTON lecture The Scottish Political Earthquake (2015) and the Future of the Union STMiuraenTscdohmaeysD2te0ertvhCinOoencfteorbeenrc2e0C1e5ntre 7pmNo series of events in the modern political history of Scotland can equal those of September 2014 until May 2015.A Referendum, which produced a much higher vote for independence than expected, was then followed a few months later by a General Election which virtually wiped out the Labour Party as a political force north of the border. Seasoned commentators have used terms such as ‘seismic’, ‘utterly unprecedented’ and ‘truly historic’ to describe what has happened in the recent past.This lecture will probe the reasons for these momentous events, whose impact are as crucial to the rest of the UK as to Scotland, and then briefly speculate on their implications for the future of the Anglo-Scottish Union. The presentation will be based to a significant extent on Professor Sir Tom Devine’s forthcoming book for Penguin, Independence or Union: Questions from Scotland’s Past and Scotland’s Present (in the press), the first time his findings have been aired publicly.Tom Devine’s academic career spans 46 years since his first appointment in 1969. He has been Professor of Scottish History and Deputy Principal at Strathclyde; Glucksman Research Professor of Irish and Scottish Studies and Director of the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at Aberdeen; and Sir William Fraser Professor of Scottish History and Palaeography and Director of the Scottish Centre16 NEW MEMBERS’ RECEPTION
for Diaspora Studies at Edinburgh. The FraserChair is the world’s oldest and most prestigiousprofessorship in the field of Scottish HistoricalStudies. Devine retired from Edinburgh in 2014.In addition he has held visiting professorships inuniversities in Canada and the USA.He is the author or editor of more than three dozen books, mainly on various aspectsof Scottish and Irish-Scottish history from the sixteenth century to the present. Tom Devine’s massive three volume study, The Scotland Trilogy, was published by Penguin in 2012. Tom Devine has been awarded many accolades and prizes during his career, including four honorary degrees and the Royal Gold Medal, Scotland’s highest academic honour, by HM The Queen. Devine is the only UK humanities scholar elected to all three national academies for which he is eligible: the Royal Irish Academy,the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the British Academy. Tom Devine was knighted in 2014 ‘for services to the study of Scottish history’.Sir Tom Devine 17 C
The Anthropocene:when did humans become aglobal force of nature? MTDhraunSricsmhdeaosynte2Lr2eCnwdoinsOfecrteonbceer C20e1n5tre 7pmHuman activity is now changing planet Earth. Fossil fuel use has changed the chemical composition of the atmosphere, we have transformed the land surface via clearing for agriculture, and altered ocean life via industrial-scale fishing. Many scientists consider these changes to be so large and long‐lasting that we should refer to the present day as an entirely new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, or Age of Humans. In this talk Dr Simon Lewis will discuss the evidence of whether humans really are a geological force of nature, similar to a meteorite strike, driving Earth into a new epoch that will last millions of years, and when this dominance began. He will also address the philosophical and political implications of humans becoming a geological superpower. Dr Simon LewisDr Simon L. Lewis is Reader in Global Change Science at University College London and the University of Leeds. Simon was a Royal Society University Research Fellow (2004-2013), and in 2011 received a Philip Leverhulme Prize recognising the international impact of his research. In 2014 he was18 S&T
cited as one of the top 1% of scientists in the field ofenvironment/ecology based on citations of his work.A plant ecologist by training, with a PhD from theUniversity of Cambridge on the ecology of Amazoniantropical forests, Simon’s primary interest is in howhumans are changing the Earth as a system and theimplications of such changes. He can be contacted viatwitter @simonllewis. The most recent geological timeline, from a four- column timeline available from the Geological Society of America at www.geosociety.org S&T 19
Graham Greene andAlfred Hitchcock TRMhoiuykareslHdNaioyllr5ththerNnoCveomllebgeero2f0M15u sic 7pmAs a film reviewer in the 1930s, Graham Greene wrote with insight and wit about hundreds of films. Greene was in that decade on his way up as a writer, and so too, as a film director, was Alfred Hitchcock, and their paths crossed as Greene reviewed a number of Hitchcock’s films. Yet Greene was repeatedly critical of those films, sometimes going out of his way to savage Hitchcock as a film- maker: to many modern critics, it represents an almost incomprehensible blind spot in Greene’s otherwise sound and perceptive judgement as a film reviewer. And Greene maintained his criticisms of Hitchcock right through to the 1980s, an attitude which frustrated attempts to have the two men to work creatively together. Graham Greene and Alfred Hitchcock20 A
The talk will examine Greene’s criticisms of Hitchcock, and explore the reasons behind them,considering both the films themselves and Greene’sdeveloping career as a fiction writer. Mike HillMike Hill is a former schoolteacher who in retirement has pursued his interest in Greene.For three years (2005-7) he was Director of theannual Greene Festival, and he currently edits A Sortof Newsletter, the quarterly magazine of the GrahamGreene Birthplace Trust. With Jon Wise, in 2012 hepublished The Works of Graham Greene: A Reader’sBibliography and Guide, and this year, a companionvolume is published – The Works of Graham Greene,Vol. 2: A Guide to the Graham Greene Archives. A 21
TT67hitPea:nHH,uPayphgpielynaeslaPantrdoCibnoegmsae!tt RPWroeoydfaenlsesNsodorarDtyha1ev1rintdhCSNoooullvtehegwmeoobofedrM2u0s1i5c 7pmThirty five years ago a few European and US scientists (of which the speaker was one) conceived a space mission to Saturn and its largest moon, Titan and a follow up mission for the European Giotto mission to a comet. Then it seemed a dream for Europeans to be out on the final frontier. In 2005, the dreams became real. After hitching a ride with the Americans, the ESA Huygens probe landed on Titan. Then ten years on, in a purely European effort, the Rosetta mother ship made a rendezvous with Comet 67P and dropped a little minisat - Philae - onto the surface. As well as sharing the dreams, the speaker will take us through some of the nightmares in getting to the goals.Artist’s impression of Huygens on Titan © European Space Agency22 YP
Professor David SouthwoodDavid is immediate past president of the Royal Astronomical Society of London. Most of his careerwas as a space scientist at Imperial College, London,becoming eventually head of Physics. From 2001-2011,he was Director of Science and Robotic Exploration atthe European Space Agency (ESA). David is an experton magnetospheres of Earth and other planets. Amagnetometer he built at Imperial still orbits Saturnaboard the NASA Cassini spacecraft. As ESA sciencedirector, he launched Integral, Herschel and Planckspace telescopes, spacecraft to Venus, Moon and Marsas well as the Rosetta probe to Comet Churymuov-Gerasimenko. He led the team that landed a Europeanprobe on Saturn’s moon, Titan, in 2005. Formallyretired, he retains a position at Imperial College,London, is a visiting professor at the Universities ofLancaster and Plymouth, a member of the Steeringboard of the UK Space Agency, a Distinguished VisitingScientist and Advisory Council member of the NASAJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA and alsoPatron of the British Science Fiction Foundation. 23
Baronies, Manor &Royal Hunting Forests JMRuodoyinatdhl aNWyo1irl6tshhthearwNnoCvoemllebgeero2f0M15usic 7pmAfter Duke William of Normandy had defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, he declared that the Crown owned all the land in England and leased the land to friends and relatives of whom he approved. These land holdings were called manors and were overseen by a Lord of the Manor. Manors were grouped into Baronies with a Baron in charge, and baronies were grouped into counties with an Earl in charge. Much of England was uncultivated woodland, the preserve of wild animals. Suitable areas were designated as royal hunting forests, and much of the area of north west Derbyshire and Cheshire was in the Royal Forest of the Peak and Macclesfield Forest. This talk considers the arrangements in the Stockport and High Peak area, and the evidence still extant for some of the local manors. Judith WilshawJudith was brought up in Marple Bridge, where her father was the post master. Her family is long-established in Marple Bridge and Judith still lives in Hawk Green. Judith is a trained Science teacher which explains her over-riding interest in industrial archaeology and the technical aspects of24 SP
Perveril Castle looking over the town of Castleton in the PeakDistrict. The castle has views of Hope valley which was underthe custody of William Perverel (given to him by William the Conqueror) for use as Royal Hunting Forests.machinery and plant associated with the IndustrialRevolution. She has also delved back into earlier times,including life under the Normans. Judith startedrunning adult education classes in Local History in1992 , which remains a passion and driving force of herlife. She seeks always to inform and enhance people’sunderstanding of their locality by direct observation inthe field and by talks on many aspects of the locality’shistory.A map of the Royal Hunting Forests supposedly frequented by Robin Hood by Louis Rhead, 1912. Source: The Robin Hood Project SP 25
The Big Squeeze –Putting Materials underPressureTJPMorhoonnfedDsasyoalr2toC3nrodLliNnecoPtuvuerlemhaTbmheera2t0re15MMU 7pm his demonstration lecture is about how pressure affects the properties of a wide range of substances and materials. Can we really make diamonds from peanut butter? Can we recreate the conditions at the centre of the Earth or on the surface of Jupiter? What colour is oxygen at very high pressures and what happens to the shape of ice crystals under pressure?Find out how high pressures can be used in the processing of foods such as fruit juices and shellfish to make them safer to eat, and how we can improve our understanding of explosives. Learn how new superconductors can be prepared at high pressures and temperatures, how high-pressure research helps us to understand the formation of rocks on Earth and other planets and about the effects26 S&T
of high pressures on living organisms at the bottom ofthe oceans.Colin Pulham graduated with a DPhil. inChemistry from Oxford.He moved to the School ofChemistry at the Universityof Edinburgh in 1992 beingappointed to a Personal Chairin High-Pressure Chemistrythere in 2008. He is a memberof the Centre for Science atExtreme Conditions (CSEC)and is interested in theeffects of high pressure onmolecular compounds such Professor Colin Pulhamas pharmaceuticals, energeticmaterials (explosives, propellants), fuels, and lubricants.He has a longstanding interest in public engagementand was awarded the Royal Society Kohn Award forExcellence in Engaging the Public with Science in 2005and the Tam Dalyell Prize in 2011. This event is being held in partnership with the Manchester branch of the Institute of Physics. This group organises lectures, meetings and conferences for its members in and around the Manchester area, and works locally to promote physics, physics education and public understanding of physics. S&T 27
Degenerate Music –the Secret Soundtrack of theThird Reich RDThoeuyrearksldNBaolyyrt3thhrderDneCceomllebgeero2f0M15usic 7pmWhen the National Socialists came to power in Germany in 1933 they waged an immediate war on forms of art and music which they deemed ‘entartete’, in English, ‘degenerate’. Music influenced by jazz, written by Jews, music that was too dissonant or that they did not like, was immediately banned from public performance, banned from further publication and, in extreme cases, was burned in public book burnings.In this talk, we will examine examples of music written during the period of the Third Reich and from the geographical region of ‘Greater Germany’, as it was called. We will not be examining those composers and performers who, for whatever reason, seemed to comply with the regime; that would be the subject for another lecture.The lecture will be subdivided into the following sections:- • The context - how National Socialism changedthe view of art and music- what was banned and what was promoted. • The music and musicians immediately affected. • The underground music of the 1930s and early 1940s. • Music in the concentration camps, with particular reference to Theresienstadt and Auschwitz-Birkenau. • The rediscovery and legacy. ‘Swing dancing forbidden - Reichskulturkammer (Reich Chamber of Culture)’28 A
Racist caricature with the caption ‘Degenerate Music’Derek was born in and went to school near Edinburgh. He read music at the Universitiesof Aberdeen and Durham, making his conductingdebut in performances of ‘Iolanthe’ for the AU G&SSociety, of which he was co-founder. He spent most ofhis career in the north west of England, teaching musicand conducting productions of all the Savoy operas aswell as more serious operatic works and much of theorchestral repertoire. He has had strong links withGermany for nearly 30 years and visits there regularly,giving concerts and recitals. He has a particular interestin Richard Wagner and lectures regularly to Wagnersocieties in the UK. A chance gift of a CD of Klezmer-inspired music performed by Giora Feidman opened anew area of study and fascination which, coupled withhis teaching interest in the Holocaust over many yearsand his enthusiasm for the work of Berthold Brechtand Kurt Weill, has led him to today’s talk.Derek Blyth 29 A
Christmas Carol Carol Singers in the SnowService STtuAesndna’ys C8thhuDrcehce6m.45bperm2015 Supper at St James’s Club after serviceOver the past few years, the Society has started a festive tradition of attending a joint service of Lessons and Carols with the St James’s Club at St Ann’s Parish Church, which is then followed by supper at the Club.Married to the then Lord of the Manor of Manchester, Lady Ann Bland (a Mosley) instigated the building of St Ann’s Church in 1712 which became a Whig-associated, ‘low’ church which followed Queen Anne. This was in direct opposition to the then Collegiate Church which was a Tory- associated, ‘high’ church and Jacobite. The rivalry between the two congregations at the time was fierce, the collegiate church supporters were led by the flamboyant Lady Drake and those who supported Lady Ann Bland wore orange flowers or favours.Times are now more sedate and co-operation is the order of the day, but this early rivalry led to the formation of two musical foundations which has lasted to the present day. MEMBERS & GUESTS30 ONLY
St Ann’s ChurchThe church music at St Ann’s is noted particularly for combining a strong musical and choral traditionto supplement the use of the Book of Common Prayer,although today it also combines this with contemporarylanguage liturgy. The quality of the choir merging withthe sounds of 4 manual Sixsmith Organs from 1730,exploiting the exceptionally fine acoustics of the churchprovides church music of the highest quality.The service will be under the direction of the ClubChaplain and former Rector Canon Michael Arundeland the present Rector Rev. Nigel Ashworth.The congregation is asked to be seated by 6.45pm forthe service to commence at 7.00pm. At the conclusionof the service those who have booked supper will takethe short walk to the St James’s Club for refreshments.The cost for those taking Supper will be £20 whichincludes a £5.00 donation to the Grade 1 church’sRestoration Fund. Those members of the Congregationwho are not taking supper, but who are neverthelesswelcome, are asked to contribute to the collection. C 31
the RAMSDEN lecture GWMoihgvyehritsnBeBedr?DitAaoinnnedBAWabdholayutt It? WMSireandIvncoheresdCstareyerw9CteohnDfeerceenmcebeCre2n0tr1e57pmSuccessive British governments led by both the Conservative and Labour parties launch too many policy initiatives that fail to meet their objectives, waste large amounts of money and cause widespread dissatisfaction amounting sometimes to human distress. The causes are rooted both in the failings of our politicians and senior officials and in the policy- making system in which they operate. Are there ways to improve the quality of our governing classes? How should our political institutions be reformed in order to reduce the scale of government blunders? Sir Ivor CreweSir Ivor Crewe is Master of University College, Oxford. He was Vice Chancellor of the University of Essex from 1995 to 2007, following spells as Pro Vice Chancellor Academic, founding Director of the Institute of Social and Economic Research and Head of the Department of Government. 32 SP
During his period as Vice Chancellor Sir Ivor was actively engaged on the national policy scene inhigher education. He was President of UniversitiesUKfrom 2003 to 2005, when he led the university sectorin support of the Labour Government’s proposals forhigher tuition fees.He is currently a governor of the European University Institute in Florence, the School of Oriental andAfrican Studies and the University of the Arts London.Sir Ivor’s academic work focuses on British politics. He has written extensively on elections, public opinionand party politics in the UK. His books include Decadeof Dealignment (with Bo Sarlvik) and SDP: The Birth,Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party (withAnthony King). In 2013 he published as co-authorwith Anthony King The Blunders of our Governments(OneWorld Publishers). Houses of Parliament 33
Christmas Event 2015 CWheedtnheasmd’asyS1ch6toholDoefcMemubsiecr62.01155pm-10.15pm “Love to Live to Play” is the motto of Chetham’s School of Music, the largest specialist Music School in the UK and the second of the ecclesiastical musical power-houses of Manchester, which hosts the Lit & Phil for this year’s Christmas Musical Event. We commence at 6.15pm in the Atrium of the new building for the traditional mulled wine and mince pies until 7pm when we will proceed along the 15th Century block to the Sandstone mass of the Baronial Hall with its original timber roof dias, 16th Century canopy windows and large 19th century fireplace where we will sit at pre-arranged tables. Firstly we will hear an address by Dr Sam King, Head of Music in the Curriculum, on the subject of the training of young musicians for the future. We will we will sit back to enjoy a specially selected Programme of Music performed by the highly talented students of the College. After the entertainment the following festive feast will be served: ~ Menu ~ Garlic and rosemary chicken breast with a wild mushroom pancake and a Madeira reduction served with the Chef ’s choice of seasonal vegetables and potatoes (vegetarian option available) • Tart au citron served with raspberry coulis • Freshly brewed coffee and after-dinner mints MEMBERS & GUESTS34 ONLY
Wine will be available together with soft drinks forpurchase individually on the evening.The evening will draw to a close at approx 10pm. Carparking has been arranged within the courtyard ofthe School.The evening is limited to 50 members and restrictedto one guest per member only. The cost of the mealis £27.00. Chetham’s Symphony Orchestra in Concert C 35
the WILDE lecture fZueturroe Tofoslpeorratsn-rceela-tetdhe concussion DWMraendSincmheesodsntaeyKr e6CmtohpnJfaenruenarcye 2C0e1n6tre 7pm Against a background of increasing concern and media focus on the way sport in general manages concussion, the rapidly developing science of head injury, the possible short, medium and long- term consequences of concussion and the legal action taken by American Football Players against the National Football League, Sports Governing bodies have needed to develop concussion policy for their professional, community and various age-group populations. The presentation describes current knowledge of the science of concussion and of the potential for adverse consequences. What concussion looks and feels like and the principles of its management are discussed. The challenges to the practical delivery of best practice in England will be summarised along with suggestions for improvement. How best to apply the accepted principles of risk management and injury prevention to concussion will be explored and possible solutions suggested. Rugby scrum 36 S&T
Dr Simon KempDr Simon Kemp is a Specialist Sports Medicine Doctor and the Chief Medical Officer for theRugby Football Union, the National Governing Bodyfor the game in England. He was the England teamdoctor during the Rugby World Cup campaigns in 2003and 2007 and is the Tournament Medical Director forthe 2015 Rugby World Cup. He has been involved informulating Rugby Concussion policy since 2001. Heis a member of World Rugby’s Medicine, Science andResearch and Head Injury Assessment working groupsand the Football Association Independent Head Injuryand Concussion Expert Panel.RFU information can be accessed at http://www.englandrugby.com/my-rugby/players/player-health/concussion-headcase/ 37
How the Nose KnowsTMPWraeondfencshesesodsrtaeMyr 1aCt3tothnhefwJearneCunoacbrebyC2e0n1t6re 7pm he sense of smell, or olfaction, is the oldest sense there is, and yet we still do not fully understand how it works. There are essentially an infinite number of potential smells, but unlike visual or auditory stimuli, we cannot describe how they vary. To understand how smells are initially processed by the nervous system Professor Cobb studies genetically- modified maggots with a single smell cell. Although maggots and humans are very different - a normal maggot has just 21 smell cells, while a human has 4 million - the wiring diagram of the way our brains process smells is essentially the same. MaggotAudience participation will show that humans can detect differences between smells consisting of a single atom, and audience responses to one particular smell will be used to identify the precise DNA sequence of each individual.In an amazing breakthrough, Professor Cobb will show we can also use the DNA sequences of extinct humans, like Neanderthals and Denisovans,38 YP
to understand how these populations were able to smell.By the end of the talk, the audience will have a deeperunderstanding of the significance of the sense of smell,and some insight into how it works and has evolved. Professor Matthew CobbMatthew Cobb grew up in Cheadle Hulme, before moving to Sheffield and then London. Hespent 18 years in Paris as a researcher, before takingup his lecturer post in the Faculty of Life Sciencesat the University of Manchester in 2002. As well asresearching the sense of smell and teaching, he writesbooks on the history of science (The Egg and SpermRace, Life’s Greatest Secret) and on the history of theFrench Resistance (The Resistance, Eleven Days inAugust). 39
Excavating Engels:exploring the archaeologyof Manchester’s industrialhousing RDTuoreyMsadliakNyeo1Nr9tehthveerJlnalnCuoalrlyeg2e0o1f6Music 7pmSince 2001, archaeological work ahead of redevelopment within the city of Manchester, and central Salford, has been targeting the excavation of workers’ housing from the 18th and 19th centuries. Over 20 sites have been looked at and the remains of several hundred houses excavated, or more rarely, recorded as standing structures. Some of the worst areas of slum housing in Britain have been studied, such as Angel Meadow, Ancoats, and in Salford the New Islington area.This talk will examine the excavated material, looking at issues raised by contemporary social commentators led by Engels but including other national and local observers. It will be a discussion of how far archaeology can contribute to the debate about the issues raised by Engels , specifically over- crowding, immigration, poor construction, poor ventilation, disease and sanitation problems. Dr Mike Nevell40 SP
Children at the Ragged School in Angel Meadow, Manchester’s mostnotorious slum area during the Industrial Revolution. Photo source: friends-of-angel-meadow.orgDr. Mike Nevell is Head of Archaeology at the University of Salford, where he runs the Centre for Applied Archaeology which focuses on landscape and industrial archaeology research, community engagement, and professional training and consultancy.Mike is a landscape and industrial archaeologist with more than 26 years experience. He is co-editor of the international journal Industrial Archaeology Review, Chair of the IfA Buildings Archaeology Group and chair of CBA North West. He is also the author of many books on a wide variety of archaeological topics (including industrial archaeology and the archaeology of Manchester), and an occasional contributor to Channel 4’s Time Team. SP 41
Performance in Placeof War PTMhraounfrecsshdseaosyrteJ2ar8mCtheosJnaTfnehuroeamnrycpe2sC0o1ne6ntre 7pmJames Thompson will speak about In Place of War – an award winning initiative at the University of Manchester that has researched theatre and performance projects in sites of contemporary armed conflict. The project started after James worked on theatre programmes for UNICEF in northern Sri Lanka in 2000 and has continued to this day exploring arts projects in international war, disaster and conflict settings.In Place of War has developed projects, documented the work of artists and also provided support for struggling arts organisations. His talk will include descriptions of projects in Democratic Republic of Congo, Kosovo, Sri Lanka and Sudan and the very different styles and approaches that exist in these contexts. It will also include reference to recent theatre work in Hiroshima that draws on testimony of survivors to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city. He will discuss how these different projects raise questions about the relationship between the arts and war – and how people survive, live through and seek to represent conflict. These questions are specific to artists living Sri Lankan people displaced due to military conflict, 200942 A
Art project in Sri Lankain appalling situations but they are also pertinent toanyone with an interest in the relationship between thearts and contemporary society more generallyJames Thompson is Professor of Applied and Social Theatre and Associate Vice President for SocialResponsibility at the University of Manchester.Professor James Thompson 43 A
the JOULE lecture Anaesthesia & Critical Care in Action PTRueoteyesardlNaNyiog2rhntthdineFrgneablCeruoallreyge20o1f6Music 7pmAnaesthetists are doctors tasked with taking care of patients in many parts of the hospital and undergoing many different procedures, usually under sedation, general anaesthesia, local and regional anaesthesia. It is our job to protect the patient from the environment and any damaging effects of the procedure they are undergoing. To do this we receive a comprehensive medical training (about 14 years from leaving school to becoming a consultant) during which we learn many practical procedures to help us maintain a patient’s well-being. We use a number of tools and skills to diagnose and monitor patients who are very sick on the Intensive Care Unit or undergoing major or complex surgery of many types.We are three consultant anaesthetists who have a special interest in caring for critically ill patients (we are often called Intensivists since we work predominantly on the Intensive Care Unit).Brendan McGrath is a relatively new consultant making his name internationally through his work for the Global Tracheostomy Initiative. Peter 44 YP
Alexander is an established consultant with an interestin audit, research and information technology. Both areskilled in echocardiography, a technique moving fromspecialist circles into more areas of practice, especiallythe Intensive Care Unit. Peter Nightingale is a formerPresident of the Intensive Care Society and the RoyalCollege of Anaesthetists and is now partially retired.In our presentation we will show you how the techniques we have learned help us to investigate,diagnose and treat critically ill patients. Anaesthesiaand Intensive Care Medicine are disciplines that areoften stated to be ideal for seeing applied physiologyin action. Applied pharmacology, microbiology andeven anatomy are also central to performing our jobproperly.We will be demonstrating techniques that are used daily in our practice such as endoscopy,echocardiography, non-invasive cardiac output studies,ultrasound scans (and possibly some that aren’t!) toraise awareness of what we do and to stimulate yourinterest in this aspect of medicine. We will attempt toget as much audience participation as possible and hopethat at the end of the evening you leave educated andstimulated to learn more.Peter Nightingale 45
SBVioliudrriteiuadnaSlenFsoatsisoinlss:frSoomft-the Offacolus - an ancestor of Limulus, the king ‘crab’ - middle Silurian, HerefordshirePMMProaonnfecdshaseyosr8teDtrheDFreeekbnrtSuaivlaeErtydeu2r 0ca1t6ion Centre 7pm rof Siveter will talk about evolution as seen in the fossil record, using modern 3-D visualisation techniques. The spectacular appearance in the fossil record and early evolution of animal life that comprises the ‘Cambrian Explosion’ event are well known. However, soft-bodied faunas from the Silurian geological period are much less familiar and the study of a unique fauna from Herefordshire gives a previously unavailable window onto a community that existed some 100 million years after the ‘Cambrian Explosion’ (about 425 million years ago). The millimetre to centimetre scale fossils are preserved in a volcanic ash in the Anglo-Welsh Basin.46 S&T
Professor Derek SiveterProf. Siveter obtained his BSc, PhD and DSc from the University of Leicester. He then did a PostDoc at Trinity College, Dublin. For the last 24 years,he has been a Curator, Reader and Professor in theUniversity Museum of Natural History, Oxford. Heofficially retired in September 2011, becoming anEmeritus Professor (in the University Museum and inthe Department of Earth Sciences) where he continuesto carry out palaeobiological research and to publish.Currently, he is also an Emeritus Leverhulme ResearchFellow. Throughout his career he has worked on thepalaeobiology of fossil invertebrates, in particularfossil arthropods, especially those from the Cambrian,Ordovician and Silurian systems and also has stronginterests in the general geology of the Lower Palaeozoic.Of late, he has focused on the Silurian faunas found inHerefordshire and on the exceptionally well preservedCambrian horizons (Chengjiang, Yunnan Province,(Konservat-Lagerstätten). S&T 47
The Percival Lecture2016 7TTpuhmeesWdahyit1w6othrtFheHbuaallr,yU2n0i1v6ersity of ManchesterThe Percival Lecture is a special event in the Lit & Phil’s annual calendar where the lecture is hosted by one of the three universities of Manchester and Salford on a rotary basis (University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University and University of Salford). The event is named after Thomas Percival, a physician who was at the forefront of medical ethics and the scientific study of social problems in Manchester in the 18th century as well as an early member of the Lit & Phil. The objective of the Percival Lecture is to open up a constructive dialogue beween the Society and Academia in areas of common interest and, by doing so, enrich the cultural fabric of the city and wider region.As is the tradition of the Percival Lecture, it will be delivered by a member of staff from the host university who will speak on the subject of the research they are undertaking at the institution. Details of the speaker and the exact location of the lecture will be annouced closer to the time so please check annoucements on our website and in the e-Bulletin sent out to Members of the Lit & Phil.48 C MEMBERS ONLY
New Booking ProceduresCommencing in September 2015, the Society willbe operating a new booking system. Bookings canonly be made through our website, www.manlitphil.ac.uk, with the exception of those members of the society with whom we correspond by post.At the event, a ticket will need to be presented eitheras a paper ticket or on a mobile device and this willbe checked at the door of the lecture theatre. Ifsomeone turns up without booking, they will not beguaranteed a place and must wait until all attendeeshave arrived before taking any spare places. If anevent is fully booked, there will be a waiting list,which will also be operated through the website.Please note that bookionrgesmwialilln. ot be taken by phoneMembers booking a meal must do so - with payment- 7 days prior to the event. Cancellation of mealswill also need to be notified to the office 7 days prior to the event.All ticket cancellations should be notified to theoffice as soon as possible so that the spare places can be allocated to anyone on a waiting list.For Young People’s events, students must informtheir school of their intention to attend beforebooking. Students must also state on the bookingform which school or college they have come from. 49
AbProlucishsohenmwaiytn,hOdcbDosleoeaustsrhio: na, TJMaunaeenscdHhaoeyrs2nte3brrydCFoenbferrueanrcye2C01en6tre 7pmThe story of colour, from ultramarine to the poisonous realgar, is a fascinating journey through the artist’s paint box. Without pigment, there is no paint. Looking at developments of colour in her lecture, Jane Hornby will explore the availability of the artist’s early pigments from mineral, animal and vegetable sources as well as the discoveries, chemistry, accidents, secret recipes, anecdotes and symbolism that are all part of this journey.Centuries ago, artists had to grind and mix their own paints and possess considerable skills as a chemist. Advice for apprentice painters was given in a guide written in 15th century Florence by the craftsman Cennino d’Andrea Cennini. He also gave practical information such as how to keep minever tails from getting moth-eaten and how to paint a dead man!The theories of primary and complementary colours, the invention of the colour wheel and, later on, the metal tube of paint patented in 1841, revolutionised art. In parallel, the lecture will also consider life’s tangled web of strong emotions such as love and betrayal which can lead to powerful consequences, subjects that have inspired artists through the centuries, creating works of art that we can admire, enjoy or, maybe, feel challenged by.Jane Hornby is a lecturer in the History of Art and gives collections and exhibition talks and tours at Birmingham Museum of Art and at Compton Verney, Warwickshire. She lives in Stratford-upon-50 A
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