Đi tìm lẽ sống

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Khi\tc\u1ed1\tg\u1eafng\tl\u00fd\tgi\u1ea3i\tv\u1ec1\tnh\u1eefng\t\u0111\u1eb7c\t\u0111i\u1ec3m\tt\u00e2m\tl\u00fd\tti\u00eau\tbi\u1ec3u\tc\u1ee7a\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tt\u00f9\ttrong tr\u1ea1i,\t t\u00f4i\t nh\u1ea5n\t m\u1ea1nh\t vi\u1ec7c\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t ho\u00e0n\t to\u00e0n\t b\u1ecb\t \u1ea3nh\t h\u01b0\u1edfng\t b\u1edfi\t m\u00f4i\t tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung\tquanh.\t(Trong\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng\th\u1ee3p\tn\u00e0y,\tm\u00f4i\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng\txung\tquanh\tl\u00e0\tc\u1ea5u\ttr\u00fac\tduy nh\u1ea5t\t v\u1ec1\t cu\u1ed9c\t s\u1ed1ng\t trong\t tr\u1ea1i\t m\u00e0\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t t\u00f9\t bu\u1ed9c\t ph\u1ea3i\t th\u00edch\t \u1ee9ng\t theo\t m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n\tm\u1eabu\tn\u00e0o\t\u0111\u00f3).\tTh\u1ebf\tc\u00f2n\ts\u1ef1\tt\u1ef1\tdo\tc\u1ee7a\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tth\u00ec\tsao?\tCh\u1eb3ng\tl\u1ebd\tkh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\ts\u1ef1\tt\u1ef1\tdo\tv\u1ec1\ttinh\tth\u1ea7n\ttrong\th\u00e0nh\tvi\tv\u00e0\tph\u1ea3n\t\u1ee9ng\tc\u1ee7a\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc\tm\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\txung\tquanh\tsao?\tC\u00f3\tph\u1ea3i\tl\u00fd\tthuy\u1ebft\tcho\tr\u1eb1ng\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tch\u1eb3ng\tqua\tch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t\ts\u1ea3n\tph\u1ea9m\tc\u1ee7a\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh\tv\u00e0\tm\u00f4i\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng\tl\u00e0\t\u0111\u00fang?\t-\tT\u00ednh\tc\u00e1ch\tc\u1ee7a\tcon ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t quy\u1ebft\t \u0111\u1ecbnh\t b\u1edfi\t c\u00e1c\t nh\u00e2n\t t\u1ed1\t thu\u1ed9c\t v\u1ec1\t b\u1ea3n\t ch\u1ea5t\t sinh\t h\u1ecdc,\t t\u00e2m\t l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c\tx\u00e3\th\u1ed9i?\tC\u00f3\tph\u1ea3i\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tl\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t\ts\u1ea3n\tph\u1ea9m\tng\u1eabu\tnhi\u00ean\tc\u1ee7a\tnh\u1eefng\t\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?\t \u0110i\u1ec1u\t quan\t tr\u1ecdng\t h\u01a1n,\t c\u00e1c\t ph\u1ea3n\t \u1ee9ng\t c\u1ee7a\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t t\u00f9\t \u0111\u1ed1i\t v\u1edbi\t th\u1ebf\t gi\u1edbi\t duy nh\u1ea5t\t l\u00e0\t tr\u1ea1i\t t\u1eadp\t trung\t c\u00f3\t ch\u1ee9ng\t minh\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t r\u1eb1ng\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3\t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi\tt\u00e1c\t\u0111\u1ed9ng\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00f4i\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng\txung\tquanh?\tC\u00f3\tph\u1ea3i\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tkh\u00f4ng\tc\u00f3\tl\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn\tcho\th\u00e0nh\t\u0111\u1ed9ng\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc\tnh\u1eefng\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh\tn\u00e0y? Ch\u00fang\t t\u00f4i\t c\u00f3\t th\u1ec3\t tr\u1ea3\t l\u1eddi\t nh\u1eefng\t c\u00e2u\t h\u1ecfi\t n\u00e0y\t t\u1eeb\t tr\u1ea3i\t nghi\u1ec7m\t c\u0169ng\t nh\u01b0\t t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m\ttin\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh.\tNh\u1eefng\ttr\u1ea3i\tnghi\u1ec7m\tt\u1eeb\tcu\u1ed9c\ts\u1ed1ng\ttrong\ttr\u1ea1i\tcho\tth\u1ea5y\tcon","ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t c\u00f3\t s\u1ef1\t l\u1ef1a\t ch\u1ecdn\t cho\t h\u00e0nh\t \u0111\u1ed9ng\t c\u1ee7a\t m\u00ecnh.\t C\u00f3\t \u0111\u1ee7\t v\u00ed\t d\u1ee5\t cho\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng\tl\u00e0\tv\u1ec1\tb\u1ea3n\tt\u00ednh\tqu\u1ea3\tc\u1ea3m,\tch\u1ee9ng\tminh\tr\u1eb1ng\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tv\u01b0\u1ee3t\tqua s\u1ef1\tv\u00f4\tc\u1ea3m\tv\u00e0\tki\u1ec1m\tch\u1ebf\ts\u1ef1\tt\u1ee9c\tgi\u1eadn.\tCon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tgi\u1eef\tv\u1eefng\ts\u1ef1\tt\u1ef1\tdo\tv\u1ec1 tinh\tth\u1ea7n,\ts\u1ef1\t\u0111\u1ed9c\tl\u1eadp\tv\u1ec1\tt\u00e2m\ttr\u00ed,\tngay\tc\u1ea3\ttrong\tnh\u1eefng\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tki\u1ec7n\tt\u1ed3i\tt\u1ec7\tdo\tc\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng\tv\u1ec1\ttinh\tth\u1ea7n\tl\u1eabn\tth\u1ec3\tch\u1ea5t. 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D\u0129\t nhi\u00ean,\t nh\u1eadn\t x\u00e9t\t tr\u00ean\t ch\u1ec9\t mang\t \u00fd\t h\u00e0i\t h\u01b0\u1edbc\t v\u00e0\t kh\u00f4ng\t ph\u1ea3i\t l\u00e0\t c\u00e1ch\t nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng\t quan\t v\u1ec1\t li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a.\t Tuy\t nhi\u00ean,\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t quan\t tr\u1ecdng\t l\u00e0\t li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd ngh\u0129a,\tkhi\tso\ts\u00e1nh\tv\u1edbi\tph\u00e2n\tt\u00e2m\th\u1ecdc,\tl\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t\tph\u01b0\u01a1ng\tph\u00e1p\t\u00edt\th\u1ed3i\tt\u01b0\u1edfng\tv\u1ec1\tqu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9\tv\u00e0\t\u00edt\tqu\u00e1n\tx\u00e9t\tn\u1ed9i\tt\u00e2m\th\u01a1n.\tLi\u1ec7u\tph\u00e1p\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tt\u1eadp\ttrung\th\u01a1n\tv\u00e0o\tt\u01b0\u01a1ng lai,\t t\u1ee9c\t l\u00e0\t v\u00e0o\t nh\u1eefng\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t cu\u1ed9c\t s\u1ed1ng\t s\u1ebd\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t b\u1ec7nh\t nh\u00e2n\t x\u00e2y\t \u0111\u1eafp\t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng\t lai.\t (Li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t th\u1ef1c\t ra\t l\u00e0\t m\u1ed9t\t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\t ph\u00e1p\t ph\u00e2n\t t\u00e2m\t h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng\tt\u1eadp\ttrung\tv\u00e0o\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a).\t\u0110\u1ed3ng\tth\u1eddi,\tli\u1ec7u\tph\u00e1p\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tkh\u00f4ng\tt\u1eadp\ttrung v\u00e0o\t c\u00e1c\t h\u00ecnh\t m\u1eabu\t v\u00e0\t c\u01a1\t ch\u1ebf\t ph\u1ea3n\t h\u1ed3i\t theo\t v\u00f2ng\t lu\u1ea9n\t qu\u1ea9n\t -\t nguy\u00ean\t nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh\tkhi\u1ebfn\tch\u1ee9ng\tr\u1ed1i\tlo\u1ea1n\tth\u1ea7n\tkinh\tgia\tt\u0103ng.\tTheo\t\u0111\u00f3,\tt\u00ednh\tv\u1ecb\tk\u1ef7\ttrung\tt\u00e2m c\u1ee7a\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tb\u1ecb\tr\u1ed1i\tlo\u1ea1n\tth\u1ea7n\tkinh\ts\u1ebd\tb\u1ecb\tph\u00e1\tv\u1ee1\tthay\tv\u00ec\tti\u1ebfp\tt\u1ee5c\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tnu\u00f4i\td\u01b0\u1ee1ng","v\u00e0\tc\u1ee7ng\tc\u1ed1. 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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc\t khi\t qua\t \u0111\u1eddi,\t Edith\t Weisskopf-Joelson,\t n\u1eef\t gi\u00e1o\t s\u01b0\t c\u1ee7a\t \u0110\u1ea1i\t h\u1ecdc Georgia\t \u0111\u00e3\t kh\u1eb3ng\t \u0111\u1ecbnh\t trong\t b\u00e0i\t vi\u1ebft\t c\u1ee7a\t m\u00ecnh\t v\u1ec1\t li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c\tquan\t\u0111i\u1ec3m\tv\u1ec1\ts\u1ee9c\tkho\u1ebb\tth\u1ea7n\tkinh\thi\u1ec7n\tnay\tnh\u1ea5n\tm\u1ea1nh\t\u00fd\tni\u1ec7m\tcho\tr\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3\t l\u00e0\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t th\u00ec\t ph\u1ea3i\t h\u1ea1nh\t ph\u00fac,\t r\u1eb1ng\t b\u1ea5t\t h\u1ea1nh\t l\u00e0\t m\u1ed9t\t tri\u1ec7u\t ch\u1ee9ng\t r\u1ed1i\t lo\u1ea1n th\u00edch\t\u1ee9ng.\tC\u00e1ch\tch\u1ea9n\t\u0111o\u00e1n\tph\u00e2n\tbi\u1ec7t\tnh\u01b0\tth\u1ebf\tch\u1eb3ng\tkh\u00e1c\tn\u00e0o\tl\u00e0m\tcho\tn\u1ed7i\tb\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\ttr\u00e1nh\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,\tv\u1ed1n\t\u0111\u00e3\tl\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t\tg\u00e1nh\tn\u1eb7ng,\tgi\u1edd\tc\u00e0ng\tth\u00eam\tn\u1eb7ng\tn\u1ec1 b\u1edfi\tch\u00ednh\tn\u1ed7i\tch\u00e1n\tch\u01b0\u1eddng\tv\u1ec1\tt\u00ecnh\ttr\u1ea1ng\tb\u1ea5t\th\u1ea1nh,\tk\u00e9m\tmay\tm\u1eafn\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh\u201d. V\u00e0\t trong\t m\u1ed9t\t b\u00e0i\t b\u00e1o\t kh\u00e1c,\t b\u00e0\t \u0111\u00e3\t th\u1ec3\t hi\u1ec7n\t hy\t v\u1ecdng\t r\u1eb1ng\t li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a \u201cc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tgi\u00fap\tgi\u1ea3i\tquy\u1ebft\tnh\u1eefng\txu\th\u01b0\u1edbng\tti\u00eau\tc\u1ef1c\ttrong\tn\u1ec1n\tv\u0103n\tho\u00e1\tng\u00e0y\tnay \u1edf\tM\u1ef9,\tn\u01a1i\tnh\u1eefng\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tm\u1eafc\tb\u1ec7nh\tnan\ty\tc\u00f3\tr\u1ea5t\t\u00edt\tc\u01a1\th\u1ed9i\t\u0111\u1ec3\tt\u1ef1\th\u00e0o\tv\u1ec1\tnh\u1eefng \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5\t c\u1ee7a\t m\u00ecnh,\t h\u1ecd\t c\u00e0ng\t kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3\t xem\t n\u1ed7i\t \u0111au\t l\u00e0\t cao\t qu\u00fd\t ch\u1ee9\t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\tl\u00e0\ts\u1ef1\tth\u1ea5p\th\u00e8n\u201d\tv\u00ec\tv\u1eady\t\u201cnh\u1eefng\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tn\u00e0y\tkh\u00f4ng\tch\u1ec9\tc\u1ea3m\tth\u1ea5y\tb\u1ea5t\th\u1ea1nh m\u00e0\tc\u00f2n\tx\u1ea5u\th\u1ed5\tv\u00ec\ts\u1ef1\tb\u1ea5t\th\u1ea1nh\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh\u201d[16]. 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B\u1ea1n\t \u0111\u1ecdc\t \u1eaft\t h\u1eb3n\t s\u1ebd\t th\u1ea5y\t r\u1eb1ng\t qu\u00e1\t tr\u00ecnh\t n\u00e0y\t \u0111i\t c\u00f9ng\t v\u1edbi\t vi\u1ec7c\t thay\t \u0111\u1ed5i\t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9\tc\u1ee7a\tb\u1ec7nh\tnh\u00e2n,\tb\u1edfi\tv\u00ec\tn\u1ed7i\ts\u1ee3\tc\u1ee7a\th\u1ecd\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tthay\tth\u1ebf\tb\u1eb1ng\tm\u1ed9t\tmong\tmu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1i\t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.\t V\u1edbi\t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\t ph\u00e1p\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t tr\u1ecb\t n\u00e0y,\t m\u1ecdi\t n\u1ed7i\t lo\t \u00e2u,\t s\u1ee3\t h\u00e3i\t c\u1ee7a\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh\ts\u1ebd\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tgi\u1ea3i\tto\u1ea3. Tuy\t nhi\u00ean,\t khi\t s\u1eed\t d\u1ee5ng\t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\t ph\u00e1p\t suy\t ngh\u0129\t \u0111\u1ea3o\t ngh\u1ecbch,\t ph\u1ea3i\t bi\u1ebft\t v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng\t k\u1ef9\t thu\u1eadt\t ph\u00e2n\t t\u00e1ch\t \u0111\u1ed1i\t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\t ra\t kh\u1ecfi\t b\u1ea3n\t th\u1ec3\t c\u1ed1\t h\u1eefu,\t \u0111\u1eb7c\t bi\u1ec7t\t l\u00e0\t ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft\t ph\u00e1t\t huy\t khi\u1ebfu\t h\u00e0i\t h\u01b0\u1edbc.\t Kh\u1ea3\t n\u0103ng\t c\u01a1\t b\u1ea3n\t \u0111\u1ec3\t t\u00e1ch\t m\u1ed9t\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t ra\t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n\tth\u1ec3\tc\u1ee7a\th\u1ecd\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\thi\u1ec7n\tth\u1ef1c\tho\u00e1\tkhi\tk\u1ef9\tthu\u1eadt\tc\u1ee7a\tli\u1ec7u\tph\u00e1p\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tm\u00e0\tta g\u1ecdi\tl\u00e0\tsuy\tngh\u0129\t\u0111\u1ea3o\tngh\u1ecbch\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t\u00e1p\td\u1ee5ng.\tC\u00f9ng\tl\u00fac\t\u1ea5y,\tb\u1ec7nh\tnh\u00e2n\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tt\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch\t m\u00ecnh\t ra\t kh\u1ecfi\t ch\u1ee9ng\t lo\u1ea1n\t th\u1ea7n\t kinh\t ch\u1ee9c\t n\u0103ng.\t Trong\t quy\u1ec3n\t The Individual\t and\t His\t Religion\t (C\u00e1\t nh\u00e2n\t v\u00e0\t t\u00f4n\t gi\u00e1o),\t Gordon\t W.\t Allport[21] c\u0169ng\t c\u00f3\t \u0111\u1ed3ng\t quan\t \u0111i\u1ec3m:\t \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi\t b\u1ecb\t r\u1ed1i\t lo\u1ea1n\t th\u1ea7n\t kinh\t ch\u1ee9c\t n\u0103ng\t m\u00e0\t bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc\t c\u00e1ch\t c\u01b0\u1eddi\t v\u1edbi\t ch\u00ednh\t m\u00ecnh\t th\u00ec\t c\u00f3\t th\u1ec3\t t\u1ef1\t ki\u1ec3m\t so\u00e1t\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t m\u00ecnh,\t v\u00e0\t ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh\t c\u1ee7a\t h\u1ecd\t c\u00f3\t th\u1ec3\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t kh\u1eafc\t ph\u1ee5c\u201d[22].\t Suy\t ngh\u0129\t \u0111\u1ea3o\t ngh\u1ecbch\t ch\u00ednh\t l\u00e0\t s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng\t\u0111\u1ecbnh\tt\u1eeb\tkinh\tnghi\u1ec7m\tth\u1ef1c\tti\u1ec5n\tv\u00e0\tnh\u1eefng\t\u1ee9ng\td\u1ee5ng\tl\u00e2m\ts\u00e0ng\ttrong\tph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u\tc\u1ee7a\tAllport. M\u1ed9t\tv\u00e0i\tv\u00ed\td\u1ee5\tsau\t\u0111\u00e2y\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tgi\u00fap\tb\u1ea1n\th\u00ecnh\tdung\tc\u1ee5\tth\u1ec3\th\u01a1n\tv\u1ec1\t\u1ee9ng\td\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a\tph\u01b0\u01a1ng\tph\u00e1p\tn\u00e0y.\tC\u00f3\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng\th\u1ee3p\tb\u1ec7nh\tnh\u00e2n\tl\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t\tth\u1ee7\tth\u01b0,\t\u00f4ng\t\u0111\u00e3\t\u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u\tb\u1ec7nh\tvi\u1ec7n\t\u0111\u1ec3\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\ttr\u1ecb\tb\u1eb1ng\tnhi\u1ec1u\tph\u01b0\u01a1ng\tph\u00e1p\tkh\u00e1c\tnhau\tnh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng\tth\u00e0nh\tc\u00f4ng.\tKhi\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t\u0111\u01b0a\tv\u00e0o\tkhoa\tc\u1ee7a\tt\u00f4i,\t\u00f4ng\t\u1ea5y\t\u1edf\ttrong\tt\u00e2m\ttr\u1ea1ng c\u1ef1c\t k\u1ef3\t suy\t s\u1ee5p.\t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t th\u1ee7\t th\u01b0\t th\u00fa\t nh\u1eadn\t r\u1eb1ng\t \u00f4ng\t g\u1ea7n\t nh\u01b0\t mu\u1ed1n\t t\u1ef1\t s\u00e1t. Trong\t nhi\u1ec1u\t n\u0103m,\t \u00f4ng\t \u0111\u00e3\t ch\u1ecbu\t \u0111\u1ef1ng\t ch\u1ee9ng\t co\t c\u1ee9ng\t c\u01a1\t c\u1ed5\t tay\t v\u00e0\t kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m\tb\u00fat\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,\tv\u00e0\tg\u1ea7n\t\u0111\u00e2y\tc\u0103n\tb\u1ec7nh\ttr\u1edf\tn\u1eb7ng\th\u01a1n\t\u0111\u1ebfn\tn\u1ed7i\t\u00f4ng\tc\u00f3\tnguy\tc\u01a1\tm\u1ea5t","vi\u1ec7c.\tV\u00ec\tv\u1eady,\tch\u1ec9\tc\u00f3\tph\u01b0\u01a1ng\tph\u00e1p\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\ttr\u1ecb\tng\u1eafn\th\u1ea1n\tt\u1ee9c\tth\u1eddi\tm\u1edbi\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tgi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1\th\u1eefu\thi\u1ec7u\tcho\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh\tn\u00e0y.\tKhi\tb\u1eaft\t\u0111\u1ea7u\ttr\u1ecb\tli\u1ec7u,\tb\u00e1c\ts\u0129\tEva\tKozdera\t\u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau\t c\u1ea7u\t b\u1ec7nh\t nh\u00e2n\t h\u00e3y\t l\u00e0m\t nh\u1eefng\t g\u00ec\t tr\u00e1i\t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\t v\u1edbi\t nh\u1eefng\t vi\u1ec7c\t m\u00e0\t \u00f4ng\t \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng\t l\u00e0m;\t t\u1ee9c\t l\u00e0\t thay\t v\u00ec\t c\u1ed1\t vi\u1ebft\t s\u1ea1ch\t \u0111\u1eb9p,\t r\u00f5\t r\u00e0ng,\t h\u00e3y\t c\u1ee9\t vi\u1ebft\t ngu\u1ec7ch ngo\u1ea1c.\t B\u00e1c\t s\u0129\t c\u00f2n\t khuy\u00ean\t \u00f4ng\t \u1ea5y\t h\u00e3y\t t\u1ef1\t n\u00f3i\t v\u1edbi\t m\u00ecnh\t r\u1eb1ng\t \u201cB\u00e2y\t gi\u1edd\t t\u00f4i\t s\u1ebd cho\tm\u1ecdi\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tth\u1ea5y\tt\u00f4i\tl\u00e0\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tvi\u1ebft\tch\u1eef\tx\u1ea5u\tnh\u01b0\tth\u1ebf\tn\u00e0o!\u201d.\tV\u00e0\tv\u00e0o\tl\u00fac\t\u1ea5y, \u00f4ng\tth\u1ee7\tth\u01b0\t\u0111\u00e3\tth\u1eed\tvi\u1ebft\tch\u1eef\tth\u1eadt\tx\u1ea5u,\tnh\u01b0ng\t\u00f4ng\t\u1ea5y\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\tl\u00e0m\tth\u1ebf.\t\u201cT\u00f4i c\u1ed1\tvi\u1ebft\tc\u1ea9u\tth\u1ea3\tnh\u01b0ng\t\u0111\u01a1n\tgi\u1ea3n\tl\u00e0\tt\u00f4i\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\tl\u00e0m\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,\u201d\t-\t\u00f4ng\tgi\u1ea3i\tth\u00edch. Trong\t v\u00f2ng\t 48\t gi\u1edd,\t b\u1eb1ng\t c\u00e1ch\t n\u00e0y,\t b\u1ec7nh\t nh\u00e2n\t \u0111\u00e3\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t tho\u00e1t\t kh\u1ecfi\t ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh\t co\t c\u1ee9ng\t c\u01a1\t c\u1ed5\t tay\t v\u00e0\t t\u00ecnh\t tr\u1ea1ng\t c\u1ee7a\t \u00f4ng\t v\u1eabn\t \u1ed5n\t \u0111\u1ecbnh\t trong\t su\u1ed1t\t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\ttheo\td\u00f5i\tsau\tkhi\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\ttr\u1ecb.\t\u00d4ng\t\u1ea5y\tgi\u1edd\t\u0111\u00e3\tvui\tv\u1ebb\ttr\u1edf\tl\u1ea1i\tv\u00e0\tho\u00e0n\tto\u00e0n\tc\u00f3 th\u1ec3\tl\u00e0m\tvi\u1ec7c\tb\u00ecnh\tth\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t\t \u0111\u1ed3ng\t nghi\u1ec7p\t c\u1ee7a\t t\u00f4i\t l\u00e0m\t vi\u1ec7c\t t\u1ea1i\t khoa\t thanh\t qu\u1ea3n\t c\u1ee7a\t B\u1ec7nh\t vi\u1ec7n Poliklinik\t \u1edf\t \u00c1o\t c\u0169ng\t t\u1eebng\t ph\u1ea3i\t \u0111\u1ed1i\t m\u1eb7t\t v\u1edbi\t t\u00ecnh\t hu\u1ed1ng\t t\u01b0\u01a1ng\t t\u1ef1,\t nh\u01b0ng\t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\tb\u1ec7nh\tnh\u00e2n\tc\u1ee7a\tanh\tg\u1eb7p\tkh\u00f3\tkh\u0103n\tv\u1edbi\tvi\u1ec7c\tph\u00e1t\t\u00e2m\tch\u1ee9\tkh\u00f4ng\tph\u1ea3i\tvi\u1ebft ch\u1eef.\t \u0110\u00e2y\t l\u00e0\t m\u1ed9t\t trong\t nh\u1eefng\t ca\t n\u00f3i\t l\u1eafp\t nghi\u00eam\t tr\u1ecdng\t m\u00e0\t anh\t \u1ea5y\t g\u1eb7p\t trong nhi\u1ec1u\tn\u0103m\tl\u00e0m\tvi\u1ec7c.\tB\u1ec7nh\tnh\u00e2n\t\u1ea5y\tch\u01b0a\tbao\tgi\u1edd\tn\u00f3i\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tm\u1ed9t\tc\u00e2u\ttr\u00f4i\tch\u1ea3y, d\u00f9\tl\u00e0\tc\u00e2u\tr\u1ea5t\tng\u1eafn,\tngo\u1ea1i\ttr\u1eeb\tm\u1ed9t\tl\u1ea7n.\tChuy\u1ec7n\tx\u1ea3y\tra\tkhi\tanh\t\u1ea5y\t12\ttu\u1ed5i\ttrong m\u1ed9t\tl\u1ea7n\tanh\t\u0111i\ttr\u1ed1n\tv\u00e9\ttr\u00ean\tm\u1ed9t\tchuy\u1ebfn\txe\t\u0111i\u1ec7n.\tKhi\tb\u1ecb\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tso\u00e1t\tv\u00e9\tgi\u1eef\tl\u1ea1i, c\u1eadu\tb\u00e9\tngh\u0129\tc\u00e1ch\tduy\tnh\u1ea5t\t\u0111\u1ec3\ttho\u00e1t\tl\u00e0\tt\u1ecf\tra\tm\u00ecnh\t\u0111\u00e1ng\tth\u01b0\u01a1ng,\tv\u00e0\tth\u1ebf\tl\u00e0\tc\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3\t c\u1ed1\t ch\u1ee9ng\t minh\t v\u1edbi\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t so\u00e1t\t v\u00e9\t r\u1eb1ng\t m\u00ecnh\t la\t m\u1ed9t\t c\u1eadu\t b\u00e9\t n\u00f3i\t l\u1eafp\t t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p.\tNh\u01b0ng\tl\u00fac\t\u1ea5y,\tkhi\tc\u1ed1\tn\u00f3i\tl\u1eafp\tth\u00ec\tc\u1eadu\tl\u1ea1i\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\tn\u00f3i\tl\u1eafp\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\tV\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\tph\u00e1p\tsuy\tngh\u0129\t\u0111\u1ea3o\tngh\u1ecbch\tm\u1ed9t\tl\u1ea7n\tn\u1eefa\tl\u1ea1i\tph\u00e1t\thuy\tt\u00e1c\td\u1ee5ng\tch\u1eefa\ttr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a\tn\u00f3. 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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc\th\u1ebft,\tl\u1eddi\tgi\u00e1o\thu\u1ea5n\tcho\tr\u1eb1ng\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\t\u201ckh\u00f4ng\tc\u00f3\tg\u00ec\tngo\u00e0i\th\u01b0\tv\u00f4\u201d\tl\u00e0 kh\u00e1\tnguy\thi\u1ec3m,\tb\u1edfi\tv\u00ec\th\u1ecdc\tthuy\u1ebft\tn\u00e0y\tcho\tr\u1eb1ng\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tkh\u00f4ng\tl\u00e0\tg\u00ec\th\u1ebft\tm\u00e0 ch\u1ec9\tl\u00e0\tk\u1ebft\tqu\u1ea3\tt\u1eeb\tc\u00e1c\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tki\u1ec7n\tsinh\th\u1ecdc,\tt\u00e2m\tl\u00fd\tv\u00e0\tx\u00e3\th\u1ed9i,\tho\u1eb7c\tl\u00e0\ts\u1ea3n\tph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a\ts\u1ef1\tdi\ttruy\u1ec1n\tv\u00e0\tm\u00f4i\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng.\tQuan\t\u0111i\u1ec3m\tv\u1ec1\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tnh\u01b0\tv\u1eady\tkhi\u1ebfn\tb\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n\ttin\tv\u00e0o\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tm\u00e0\th\u1ecd\tmu\u1ed1n\ttin,\tt\u1ee9c\tl\u00e0\th\u1ecd\tv\u1eeba\tl\u00e0\tcon\tc\u1edd\tv\u00e0\tv\u1eeba\tl\u00e0\tn\u1ea1n\tnh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a\tnh\u1eefng\t\u1ea3nh\th\u01b0\u1edfng\tb\u00ean\tngo\u00e0i\tho\u1eb7c\tc\u00e1c\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh\tb\u00ean\ttrong.\tThuy\u1ebft\t\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh\t c\u00e0ng\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t c\u1ee7ng\t c\u1ed1\t khi\t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\t ph\u00e1p\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t tr\u1ecb\t t\u00e2m\t l\u00fd\t ph\u1ee7\t nh\u1eadn\t th\u1ef1c\t t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tl\u00e0\tnh\u1eefng\tsinh\tth\u1ec3\tt\u1ef1\tdo. M\u1ed9t\tc\u00e1\tnh\u00e2n\tsinh\th\u1ecdc\t\u0111\u00fang\tl\u00e0\tc\u00f3\t\u0111\u1eddi\ts\u1ed1ng\th\u1eefu\th\u1ea1n\tv\u00e0\tdo\t\u0111\u00f3,\tch\u1eafc\tch\u1eafn\ts\u1ef1 t\u1ef1\tdo\tc\u1ee7a\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tl\u00e0\tc\u00f3\tgi\u1edbi\th\u1ea1n.\tNh\u01b0ng\t\u1edf\t\u0111\u00e2y\tkh\u00f4ng\t\u0111\u1ec1\tc\u1eadp\t\u0111\u1ebfn\tt\u1ef1\tdo\tv\u1edbi ngh\u0129a\tn\u0103ng\tl\u1ef1c\ttho\u00e1t\t kh\u1ecfi\tho\u00e0n\t c\u1ea3nh,\tm\u00e0\tch\u00ednh\tl\u00e0\tth\u00e1i\t \u0111\u1ed9\t t\u1ef1\t do\t tr\u01b0\u1edbc\t m\u1ecdi","ho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh.\tNh\u01b0\tc\u00f3\tl\u1ea7n\tt\u00f4i\t\u0111\u00e3\tn\u00f3i:\t\u201cV\u1edbi\tt\u01b0\tc\u00e1ch\tl\u00e0\tgi\u00e1o\ts\u01b0\ttrong\thai\tl\u0129nh\tv\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n\tkinh\tv\u00e0\tt\u00e2m\tl\u00fd\th\u1ecdc,\tt\u00f4i\tlu\u00f4n\tnh\u1eadn\tth\u1ee9c\tr\u00f5\tr\u00e0ng\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tl\u00e0\tch\u1ee7\tth\u1ec3\tc\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng\tth\u00e1i\tsinh\th\u1ecdc,\tt\u00e2m\tl\u00fd\tv\u00e0\tx\u00e3\th\u1ed9i.\tNh\u01b0ng\tngo\u00e0i\tvi\u1ec7c\tl\u00e0\tgi\u00e1o\ts\u01b0\ttrong\thai l\u0129nh\tv\u1ef1c\t\u1ea5y,\tt\u00f4i\tc\u00f2n\tl\u00e0\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\ts\u1ed1ng\ts\u00f3t\tqua\tb\u1ed1n\ttr\u1ea1i\tt\u1eadp\ttrung,\tn\u00ean\tt\u00f4i\tc\u0169ng\t\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng\t ki\u1ebfn\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t nh\u1eefng\t kh\u1ea3\t n\u0103ng\t phi\t th\u01b0\u1eddng\t v\u00e0\t tinh\t th\u1ea7n\t d\u0169ng\t c\u1ea3m\t qu\u1eadt c\u01b0\u1eddng\tc\u1ee7a\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\ttrong\tnh\u1eefng\tt\u00ecnh\thu\u1ed1ng\tt\u1ed3i\tt\u1ec7\tnh\u1ea5t\u201d[30]. L\u1eddi\tb\u00ecnh\tv\u1ec1\tthuy\u1ebft\tti\u1ec1n\t\u0111\u1ecbnh\t(Pan\t-\tDeterminism) Ph\u00e2n\t t\u00e2m\t h\u1ecdc\t th\u01b0\u1eddng\t b\u1ecb\t ch\u1ec9\t tr\u00edch\t v\u00ec\t n\u00f3\t \u0111\u1ec1\t cao\t b\u1ea3n\t n\u0103ng\t t\u00ecnh\t d\u1ee5c.\t T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng\tch\u1eafc\tr\u1eb1ng\ts\u1ef1\tph\u00ea\tph\u00e1n\tn\u00e0y\tc\u00f3\ttho\u1ea3\t\u0111\u00e1ng\thay\tkh\u00f4ng\tnh\u01b0ng\tc\u00f3\tm\u1ed9t\th\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft\tm\u00e0\tt\u00f4i\tth\u1ea5y\tn\u00f3\tc\u00f2n\tsai\tl\u1ea7m\tv\u00e0\tnguy\thi\u1ec3m\th\u01a1n\tnhi\u1ec1u,\t\u0111\u00f3\tl\u00e0\tthuy\u1ebft\tti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.\t T\u00f4i\t v\u1eabn\t cho\t r\u1eb1ng\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t kh\u00f4ng\t ho\u00e0n\t to\u00e0n\t b\u1ecb\t l\u1ec7\t thu\u1ed9c\t v\u00e0\t b\u1ecb\t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t\tb\u1edfi\ts\u1ed1\tph\u1eadn\tm\u00e0\tng\u01b0\u1ee3c\tl\u1ea1i,\tc\u00f2n\tt\u1ef1\tquy\u1ebft\t\u0111\u1ecbnh\tv\u1ec1\tvi\u1ec7c\th\u1ecd\ts\u1ebd\t\u0111\u1ec3\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1n\t\u0111i\thay\ts\u1ebd\tv\u01b0\u1ee3t\tqua\tch\u00fang.\tN\u00f3i\tc\u00e1ch\tkh\u00e1c,\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tv\u1eabn\tl\u00e0\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\tsau\tc\u00f9ng.\tCon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tkh\u00f4ng\t\u0111\u01a1n\tgi\u1ea3n\tt\u1ed3n\tt\u1ea1i\tm\u00e0\th\u1ecd\tc\u00f2n\tlu\u00f4n\tquy\u1ebft\t\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c\t \u0111\u00edch\t t\u1ed3n\t t\u1ea1i\t c\u1ee7a\t m\u00ecnh\t v\u00e0\t quy\u1ebft\t \u0111\u1ecbnh\t c\u1ea3\t v\u1ec1\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t m\u00e0\t h\u1ecd\t mu\u1ed1n\t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. 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Con\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\ttrau\tluy\u1ec7n\tch\u00ednh\tm\u00ecnh\ttrong\tph\u1ea1m\tvi\tn\u0103ng\tl\u1ef1c\tthi\u00ean\tph\u00fa\tv\u00e0 m\u00f4i\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng\ts\u1ed1ng.\tV\u00ed\td\u1ee5\tnh\u01b0\ttrong\ttr\u1ea1i\tt\u1eadp\ttrung\t-\tc\u00f3\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tnh\u01b0\tm\u1ed9t\tph\u00f2ng th\u00ed\tnghi\u1ec7m\ts\u1ed1ng\tcho\tvi\u1ec7c\tki\u1ec3m\t\u0111\u1ecbnh\t-\tch\u00fang\tt\u00f4i\t\u0111\u00e3\tquan\ts\u00e1t\tv\u00e0\tnh\u00ecn\tth\u1ea5y\tm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t t\u00f9\t c\u01b0\t x\u1eed\t ch\u1eb3ng\t kh\u00e1c\t g\u00ec\t lo\u00e0i\t c\u1ea7m\t th\u00fa,\t trong\t khi\t nh\u1eefng\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t kh\u00e1c th\u00ec\th\u00e0nh\tx\u1eed\tnh\u01b0\tnh\u1eefng\tv\u1ecb\tth\u00e1nh.\tTrong\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tc\u00f3\tc\u1ea3\thai\tb\u1ea3n\tch\u1ea5t\t\u1ea5y;\tv\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n\tth\u00e1nh\tthi\u1ec7n\thay\tph\u1ea7n\tt\u1ed3i\tt\u1ec7\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\thi\u1ec7n\tth\u1ef1c\tho\u00e1\tph\u1ee5\tthu\u1ed9c\tv\u00e0o\tc\u00e1c\tquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u1ed7i\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tch\u1ee9\tkh\u00f4ng\tph\u1ea3i\tl\u00e0\tdo\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh. Nh\u1eefng\t g\u00ec\t th\u1ebf\t h\u1ec7\t c\u1ee7a\t ch\u00fang\t t\u00f4i\t tr\u1ea3i\t qua\t trong\t tr\u1ea1i\t t\u1eadp\t trung\t \u0111\u00e3\t kh\u00e1i\t qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tb\u1ea3n\tch\u1ea5t\tth\u1ef1c\ts\u1ef1\tc\u1ee7a\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tm\u00e0\tkh\u00f4ng\tc\u1ea7n\tb\u1ea5t\tc\u1ee9\tl\u1eddi\tgi\u1ea3i\tth\u00edch\tn\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.\tR\u1ed1t\tcu\u1ed9c,\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tch\u00ednh\tl\u00e0\tk\u1ebb\t\u0111\u00e3\tt\u1ea1o\tra\tph\u00f2ng\th\u01a1i\tng\u1ea1t\t\u1edf\tAuschwitz, \u0111\u1ed3ng\t th\u1eddi\t c\u0169ng\t ch\u00ednh\t l\u00e0\t nh\u1eefng\t sinh\t th\u1ec3\t \u0111\u00e3\t hi\u00ean\t ngang\t v\u00e0o\t ph\u00f2ng\t h\u01a1i\t ng\u1ea1t v\u1edbi\tkinh\tL\u1ea1y\tCha\tho\u1eb7c\tc\u00e2u\tkinh\tShema\tYisrael\ttr\u00ean\tm\u00f4i.","T\u00c1I\tB\u00daT\t1984[32] T\u01b0\u1edfng\t ni\u1ec7m\t Edith\t Weisskopf\t -\t Joelson\t (1910\t -\t 1983),\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t c\u00f3\t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng\tg\u00f3p\tv\u00f4\tgi\u00e1\tv\u00e0\tc\u00f3\tc\u00f4ng\tm\u1edf\t\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\tcho\tLi\u1ec7u\tph\u00e1p\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tt\u1ea1i\tHoa\tK\u1ef3\tt\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u\tn\u0103m\t1955. S\u1ef0\tL\u1ea0C\tQUAN\tTRONG\tBI\tK\u1ecaCH Tr\u01b0\u1edbc\tti\u00ean\tch\u00fang\tta\tc\u1ea7n\tt\u00ecm\thi\u1ec3u\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tc\u1ee7a\tc\u1ee5m\tt\u1eeb\t\u201cs\u1ef1\tl\u1ea1c\tquan\ttrong\tbi k\u1ecbch\u201d\t (tragic\t optimism).\t N\u00f3i\t m\u1ed9t\t c\u00e1ch\t ng\u1eafn\t g\u1ecdn,\t n\u00f3\t c\u00f3\t ngh\u0129a\t l\u00e0\t m\u1ed9t\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn\t gi\u1eef\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t s\u1ef1\t l\u1ea1c\t quan\t b\u1ea5t\t k\u1ec3\t \u201cb\u1ed9\t ba\t bi\t k\u1ecbch\u201d\t -\t theo\t c\u00e1ch\t g\u1ecdi\t trong\t li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\t-\tc\u00f3\tx\u1ea3y\t\u0111\u1ebfn\t\u0111i\tn\u1eefa.\tB\u1ed9\tba\tbi\tk\u1ecbch\t\u1ea5y\tbao\tg\u1ed3m\tnh\u1eefng\tkh\u00eda\tc\u1ea1nh trong\t\u0111\u1eddi\ts\u1ed1ng\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tm\u00e0\tta\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tx\u00e1c\t\u0111\u1ecbnh:\t(1)\ts\u1ef1\t\u0111au\t\u0111\u1edbn;\t(2)\tc\u1ea3m\tgi\u00e1c t\u1ed9i\tl\u1ed7i;\tv\u00e0\t(3)\tc\u00e1i\tch\u1ebft.\tTh\u1ef1c\tra,\tch\u01b0\u01a1ng\tn\u00e0y\t\u0111\u1eb7t\tra\tm\u1ed9t\tv\u1ea5n\t\u0111\u1ec1:\tL\u00e0m\tth\u1ebf\tn\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tn\u00f3i\t\u201cC\u00f3\u201d\tv\u1edbi\tcu\u1ed9c\ts\u1ed1ng\tb\u1ea5t\tk\u1ec3\tnh\u1eefng\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\t\u0111\u00f3?\tH\u00e3y\t\u0111\u1eb7t\tc\u00e2u\th\u1ecfi\ttheo m\u1ed9t\tc\u00e1ch\tkh\u00e1c:\tL\u00e0m\tsao\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tt\u00ecm\tth\u1ea5y\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tti\u1ec1m\t\u1ea9n\tc\u1ee7a\tcu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\t ngay\t trong\t nh\u1eefng\t \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5?\t R\u1ed1t\t cu\u1ed9c\t th\u00ec\t c\u00e2u\t \u201cH\u00e3y\t n\u00f3i\t c\u00f3\t v\u1edbi\t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng,\tb\u1ea5t\tk\u1ec3\tm\u1ecdi\tvi\u1ec7c\tc\u00f3\tnh\u01b0\tth\u1ebf\tn\u00e0o\tch\u0103ng\tn\u1eefa\u201d\tm\u00e0\tt\u00f4i\t\u0111\u00e3\ts\u1eed\td\u1ee5ng\tl\u00e0m\tti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1\tcho\tcu\u1ed1n\ts\u00e1ch\txu\u1ea5t\tb\u1ea3n\tb\u1eb1ng\tti\u1ebfng\t\u0110\u1ee9c\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh,\tmang\th\u00e0m\t\u00fd\tr\u1eb1ng\tcu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\t v\u1eabn\t c\u00f2n\t nhi\u1ec1u\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t ti\u1ec1m\t \u1ea9n\t trong\t b\u1ea5t\t c\u1ee9\t ho\u00e0n\t c\u1ea3nh\t n\u00e0o,\t k\u1ec3\t c\u1ea3\t trong nh\u1eefng\tt\u00ecnh\thu\u1ed1ng\tkh\u1ed1n\tkh\u1ed5\tnh\u1ea5t.\tV\u00e0\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tn\u00e0y\t\u0111\u1ebfn\tl\u01b0\u1ee3t\tn\u00f3\tbao\th\u00e0m\tc\u00e1c\tkh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\tc\u1ee7a\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\ttrong\tvi\u1ec7c\tchuy\u1ec3n\tho\u00e1\tm\u1ed9t\tc\u00e1ch\ts\u00e1ng\tt\u1ea1o\tnh\u1eefng\tm\u1eb7t\tti\u00eau c\u1ef1c\tc\u1ee7a\tcu\u1ed9c\ts\u1ed1ng\tth\u00e0nh\tm\u1ed9t\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tg\u00ec\t\u0111\u00f3\tt\u00edch\tc\u1ef1c\tv\u00e0\tmang\tt\u00ednh\tx\u00e2y\td\u1ef1ng.\tN\u00f3i c\u00e1ch\tkh\u00e1c,\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tquan\ttr\u1ecdng\tl\u00e0\th\u00e3y\tt\u1ea1o\tra\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tt\u1ed1t\tnh\u1ea5t\ttrong\tb\u1ea5t\tk\u1ef3\tt\u00ecnh\thu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o\t c\u1ee7a\t cu\u1ed9c\t s\u1ed1ng.\t Trong\t ti\u1ebfng\t Latin,\t optimum\t c\u00f3\t ngh\u0129a\t l\u00e0\t \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u\t t\u1ed1t\t nh\u1ea5t\u201d, v\u00e0\t \u0111\u00f3\t l\u00e0\t l\u00fd\t do\t t\u00f4i\t g\u1ecdi\t v\u1ea5n\t \u0111\u1ec1\t n\u00e0y\t l\u00e0\t tragic\t optimum\t (s\u1ef1\t l\u1ea1c\t quan\t trong\t bi k\u1ecbch),\tt\u1ee9c\tl\u00e0\t th\u00e1i\t\u0111\u1ed9\t l\u1ea1c\tquan\ttrong\t ho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh\t bi\tth\u01b0\u01a1ng.\tTheo\t c\u00e1i\tnh\u00ecn\t v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m\t n\u0103ng\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\t \u1edf\t m\u1eb7t\t t\u1ed1t\t \u0111\u1eb9p\t nh\u1ea5t,\t n\u0103ng\t l\u1ef1c\t ti\u1ec1m\t \u1ea9n\t c\u1ee7a\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n\t cho\t ph\u00e9p:\t (1)\t chuy\u1ec3n\t \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5\t th\u00e0nh\t s\u1ef1\t tr\u01b0\u1edfng\t th\u00e0nh\t v\u00e0\t th\u00e0nh\t t\u1ef1u\t c\u1ee7a con\tng\u01b0\u1eddi;\t(2)\tchuy\u1ec3n\tt\u1ed9i\tl\u1ed7i\tth\u00e0nh\tc\u01a1\th\u1ed9i\t\u0111\u1ec3\tthay\t\u0111\u1ed5i\tb\u1ea3n\tth\u00e2n\tt\u1ed1t\t\u0111\u1eb9p\th\u01a1n; v\u00e0\t (3)\t chuy\u1ec3n\t t\u00ednh\t ch\u1ea5t\t t\u1ea1m\t th\u1eddi\t c\u1ee7a\t cu\u1ed9c\t s\u1ed1ng\t th\u00e0nh\t s\u1ef1\t kh\u00edch\t l\u1ec7\t \u0111\u1ec3\t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\tc\u00f3\ttr\u00e1ch\tnhi\u1ec7m. Tuy\t nhi\u00ean\t ph\u1ea3i\t nh\u1edb\t r\u1eb1ng\t s\u1ef1\t l\u1ea1c\t quan\t kh\u00f4ng\t ph\u1ea3i\t l\u00e0\t s\u1ea3n\t ph\u1ea9m\t c\u1ee7a\t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh\tho\u1eb7c\ty\u00eau\tc\u1ea7u.\tM\u1ed9t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\tbu\u1ed9c\tch\u00ednh\tm\u00ecnh\tph\u1ea3i\tl\u1ea1c\tquan\tm\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\tv\u00f4\tc\u0103n\tc\u1ee9,\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc\tt\u1ea5t\tc\u1ea3\tnh\u1eefng\txung\t\u0111\u1ed9t,\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc\tm\u1ecdi\thy\tv\u1ecdng.\tV\u00e0\tn\u1ebfu\t\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\t\u0111\u00fang\tv\u1edbi\thy\tv\u1ecdng\tth\u00ec\tc\u0169ng\ts\u1ebd\t\u0111\u00fang\tv\u1edbi\thai\tth\u00e0nh\tt\u1ed1\tkh\u00e1c\ttrong\tb\u1ed9\tba,\tb\u1edfi v\u00ec\tni\u1ec1m\ttin\tv\u00e0\tt\u00ecnh\ty\u00eau\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\tra\tl\u1ec7nh\tho\u1eb7c\ty\u00eau\tc\u1ea7u\tm\u00e0\tc\u00f3\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed1i\t v\u1edbi\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t ch\u00e2u\t \u00c2u\t th\u00ec\t \u0111\u00f3\t l\u00e0\t m\u1ed9t\t \u0111\u1eb7c\t t\u00ednh\t c\u1ee7a\t n\u1ec1n\t v\u0103n\t ho\u00e1\t M\u1ef9,\t n\u01a1i con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t lu\u00f4n\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t ra\t l\u1ec7nh\t v\u00e0\t y\u00eau\t c\u1ea7u\t ph\u1ea3i\t \u201ch\u1ea1nh\t ph\u00fac\u201d.\t Nh\u01b0ng\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t ta","kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3\t \u0111u\u1ed5i\t b\u1eaft\t h\u1ea1nh\t ph\u00fac;\t h\u1ea1nh\t ph\u00fac\t ph\u1ea3i\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t t\u1ef1\t sinh\t ra.\t C\u00f3\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i\t c\u00f3\t m\u1ed9t\t l\u00fd\t do\t \u0111\u1ec3\t \u201ch\u1ea1nh\t ph\u00fac\u201d.\t V\u00e0\t m\u1ed9t\t khi\t \u0111\u00e3\t t\u00ecm\t th\u1ea5y\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t l\u00fd\t do\t th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t\u1ea5y\ts\u1ebd\tt\u1ef1\tnhi\u00ean\ttr\u1edf\tn\u00ean\th\u1ea1nh\tph\u00fac.\tNh\u01b0\tch\u00fang\tta\tth\u1ea5y,\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tkh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9\tm\u01b0u\tc\u1ea7u\th\u1ea1nh\tph\u00fac\tm\u00e0\tc\u00f2n\tt\u00ecm\tki\u1ebfm\tl\u00fd\tdo\t\u0111\u1ec3\th\u1ea1nh\tph\u00fac,\tth\u00f4ng\tqua\tvi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh\tth\u1ee9c\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tti\u1ec1m\t\u1ea9n\ttrong\tm\u1ed9t\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh\tnh\u1ea5t\t\u0111\u1ecbnh. Nhu\t c\u1ea7u\t v\u1ec1\t l\u00fd\t do\t n\u00e0y\t c\u0169ng\t t\u01b0\u01a1ng\t t\u1ef1\t nh\u01b0\t \u1edf\t hi\u1ec7n\t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\t t\u00e2m\t l\u00fd\t \u0111\u1eb7c\t tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a\tlo\u00e0i\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tl\u00e0\tti\u1ebfng\tc\u01b0\u1eddi.\tN\u1ebfu\tb\u1ea1n\tmu\u1ed1n\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tkh\u00e1c\tc\u01b0\u1eddi\tth\u00ec\tb\u1ea1n\tph\u1ea3i\tt\u00ecm c\u00e1ch\t khi\u1ebfn\t cho\t h\u1ecd\t c\u00f3\t th\u1ec3\t c\u01b0\u1eddi,\t v\u00ed\t d\u1ee5\t nh\u01b0\t b\u1ea1n\t ph\u1ea3i\t k\u1ec3\t m\u1ed9t\t c\u00e2u\t chuy\u1ec7n\t h\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3\t n\u00e0o\t c\u00f3\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t ti\u1ebfng\t c\u01b0\u1eddi\t th\u1eadt\t s\u1ef1\t b\u1eb1ng\t c\u00e1ch\t b\u1eaft\t \u00e9p\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t \u0111\u00f3\t ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0\u1eddi.\tL\u00e0m\tth\u1ebf\tc\u0169ng\tgi\u1ed1ng\tnh\u01b0\tvi\u1ec7c\tb\u1ea1n\tb\u1eaft\tm\u1ecdi\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\t\u0111\u1ee9ng\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc\tm\u00e1y\tch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh\t v\u00e0\t n\u00f3i\t \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddi\t l\u00ean\t n\u00e0o\u201d,\t ch\u1ec9\t \u0111\u1ec3\t th\u1ea5y\t trong\t b\u1ee9c\t h\u00ecnh\t nh\u1eefng\t khu\u00f4n\t m\u1eb7t \u0111ang\tc\u01b0\u1eddi\tgi\u1ea3\tt\u1ea1o. Trong\t li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a,\t nh\u1eefng\t ki\u1ec3u\t m\u1eabu\t h\u00e0nh\t vi\t nh\u01b0\t v\u1eady\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t g\u1ecdi\t l\u00e0 \u201cmong\tmu\u1ed1n\tth\u00e1i\tqu\u00e1\u201d.\tN\u00f3\tgi\u1eef\tm\u1ed9t\tvai\ttr\u00f2\tquan\ttr\u1ecdng\ttrong\tvi\u1ec7c\tg\u00e2y\tra\tr\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n\tt\u00ecnh\td\u1ee5c,\tl\u00e3nh\tc\u1ea3m\tho\u1eb7c\tb\u1ea5t\tl\u1ef1c.\tB\u1ec7nh\tnh\u00e2n\tc\u00e0ng\tc\u1ed1\tt\u00ecm\tki\u1ebfm\tkho\u00e1i\tc\u1ea3m th\u00ec\tc\u00e0ng\tkh\u00f3\t\u0111\u1ea1t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tkho\u00e1i\tc\u1ea3m,\tthay\tv\u00ec\tqu\u00ean\t\u0111i\tb\u1ea3n\tth\u00e2n\tm\u00ecnh\tv\u00e0\td\u00e2ng\thi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn\tv\u1eb9n.\t\u0110i\u1ec1u\tm\u00e0\tm\u1ecdi\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tg\u1ecdi\tl\u00e0\t\u201cnguy\u00ean\tt\u1eafc\tkho\u00e1i\tl\u1ea1c\u201d\tth\u1ef1c\tra\tl\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t\tk\u1ebb ph\u00e1\tho\u1ea1i\ttinh\tvi. 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B\u00e0\t \u0111\u00e3\t th\u00e0nh\t c\u00f4ng\t trong\t vi\u1ec7c\t t\u1ea1o\t ra\t nh\u1eefng\t v\u1ee5\t k\u00edch\t \u0111\u1ed9ng\t gi\u1ea3\t gi\u1eefa\t c\u00e1c\t nh\u00f3m h\u01b0\u1edbng\t\u0111\u1ea1o\tsinh\tv\u00e0\tth\u1ea5y\tr\u1eb1ng\tnh\u1eefng\tk\u00edch\t\u0111\u1ed9ng\tch\u1ec9\tgi\u1ea3m\t\u0111i\tkhi\tb\u1ecdn\ttr\u1ebb\th\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh\tv\u00e0o\tm\u1ee5c\t\u0111\u00edch\tc\u1ee7a\tt\u1eadp\tth\u1ec3\t-\tt\u1ee9c\tl\u00e0\th\u1ee3p\ts\u1ee9c\t\u0111\u1ec3\tk\u00e9o\tchi\u1ebfc\txe\tch\u1edf\tth\u1ee9c\t\u0103n c\u1ee7a\ttr\u1ea1i\t\u0111ang\tb\u1ecb\tl\u00fan\tb\u00f9n.\tNgay\tl\u1eadp\tt\u1ee9c,\tb\u1ecdn\ttr\u1ebb\tkh\u00f4ng\tch\u1ec9\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tth\u1eed\tth\u00e1ch\tm\u00e0 c\u00f2n\t \u0111o\u00e0n\t k\u1ebft\t v\u1edbi\t nhau\t qua\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t c\u1ee7a\t m\u1ed9t\t nhi\u1ec7m\t v\u1ee5\t chung\t m\u00e0\t ch\u00fang\t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i\tho\u00e0n\tth\u00e0nh[36]. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng\t h\u1ee3p\t th\u1ee9\t ba\t c\u1ee7a\t ch\u1ee9ng\t r\u1ed1i\t lo\u1ea1n\t t\u00e2m\t th\u1ea7n\t l\u00e0\t s\u1ef1\t nghi\u1ec7n\t ng\u1eadp.","Tr\u01b0\u1eddng\t h\u1ee3p\t n\u00e0y\t nh\u1eafc\t t\u00f4i\t nh\u1edb\t l\u1ea1i\t nh\u1eefng\t ph\u00e1t\t hi\u1ec7n\t \u0111\u00e3\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t kh\u1eb3ng\t \u0111\u1ecbnh\t qua nh\u1eefng\t cu\u1ed9c\t ki\u1ec3m\t nghi\u1ec7m\t v\u00e0\t th\u1ed1ng\t k\u00ea\t c\u1ee7a\t Annemarie\t von\t Forstmeyer[37]. 90%\t nh\u1eefng\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t nghi\u1ec7n\t r\u01b0\u1ee3u\t trong\t nghi\u00ean\t c\u1ee9u\t c\u1ee7a\t b\u00e0\t \u0111\u1ec1u\t tr\u1ea3i\t qua\t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\t v\u00f4\t ngh\u0129a\t n\u1eb7ng\t n\u1ec1.\t S\u1ed1\t li\u1ec7u\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t tra\t c\u1ee7a\t Stanley\t Krippner[38]\t cho\t th\u1ea5y 100%\t nh\u1eefng\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t nghi\u1ec7n\t ma\t tu\u00fd\t tin\t r\u1eb1ng\t \u201cm\u1ecdi\t th\u1ee9\t d\u01b0\u1eddng\t nh\u01b0\t v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.\u201d[39] Gi\u1edd\t ch\u00fang\t ta\t h\u00e3y\t chuy\u1ec3n\t qua\t c\u00e2u\t h\u1ecfi\t v\u1ec1\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t cu\u1ed9c\t s\u1ed1ng.\t \u0110\u1ec3\t b\u1eaft\t \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i\t mu\u1ed1n\t l\u00e0m\t r\u00f5\t ngay\t t\u1eeb\t \u0111\u1ea7u\t r\u1eb1ng\t b\u00e1c\t s\u0129\t li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t quan\t t\u00e2m\t \u0111\u1ebfn\t \u00fd ngh\u0129a\th\u00e0m\tch\u1ee9a\ttrong\tm\u1ed7i\tt\u00ecnh\thu\u1ed1ng\tm\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tph\u1ea3i\t\u0111\u1ed1i\tdi\u1ec7n\ttrong\t\u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.\tV\u00ec\tv\u1eady,\t\u1edf\t\u0111\u00e2y\tt\u00f4i\ts\u1ebd\tkh\u00f4ng\tn\u00f3i\tchi\tti\u1ebft\tv\u1ec1\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tcu\u1ed9c\ts\u1ed1ng\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\ttheo\tngh\u0129a\tkh\u00e1i\tqu\u00e1t,\tm\u1eb7c\td\u00f9\tt\u00f4i\tkh\u00f4ng\tph\u1ee7\tnh\u1eadn\ts\u1ef1\tt\u1ed3n\tt\u1ea1i\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u1ed9t\t\u00fd ngh\u0129a\tl\u00e2u\td\u00e0i.\tH\u00e3y\txem\tx\u00e9t\tm\u1ed9t\tb\u1ed9\tphim\t\u0111\u1ec3\tth\u1ea5y\ts\u1ef1\tt\u01b0\u01a1ng\t\u0111\u1ed3ng:\tb\u1ed9\tphim\tbao g\u1ed3m\t h\u00e0ng\t ngh\u00ecn\t b\u1ee9c\t \u1ea3nh\t ri\u00eang\t l\u1ebb\t n\u1ed1i\t ti\u1ebfp\t nhau,\t m\u1ed7i\t h\u00ecnh\t \u0111\u1ec1u\t c\u00f3\t ngh\u0129a\t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n\t t\u1ea3i\t m\u1ed9t\t th\u00f4ng\t \u0111i\u1ec7p\t n\u00e0o\t \u0111\u00f3,\t song\t ta\t s\u1ebd\t kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3\t hi\u1ec3u\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a\tc\u1ea3\tb\u1ed9\tphim\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc\tkhi\txem\t\u0111\u1ebfn\tc\u1ea3nh\tcu\u1ed1i\tc\u00f9ng.\tTuy\tnhi\u00ean,\tch\u00fang\tta\tc\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3\t hi\u1ec3u\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t b\u1ed9\t phim\t n\u1ebfu\t kh\u00f4ng\t hi\u1ec3u\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t t\u1eebng\t th\u00e0nh\t t\u1ed1\t c\u1ee7a\t n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc,\t t\u1ee9c\t l\u00e0\t t\u1eebng\t b\u1ee9c\t \u1ea3nh\t ri\u00eang\t l\u1ebb.\t Cu\u1ed9c\t \u0111\u1eddi\t ch\u1eb3ng\t gi\u1ed1ng\t nh\u01b0\t v\u1eady\t sao? Ch\u1eb3ng\tph\u1ea3i\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tcu\u1ed1i\tc\u00f9ng\tc\u1ee7a\tcu\u1ed9c\ts\u1ed1ng\tc\u0169ng\tv\u1eady,\tn\u00f3\tch\u1ec9\txu\u1ea5t\thi\u1ec7n\tv\u00e0o th\u1eddi\t kh\u1eafc\t k\u1ebft\t th\u00fac,\t l\u00fac\t c\u1eadn\t k\u1ec1\t c\u00e1i\t ch\u1ebft\t hay\t sao?\t V\u00e0\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t cu\u1ed1i\t c\u00f9ng\t n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i\tch\u0103ng\ttu\u1ef3\tthu\u1ed9c\tv\u00e0o\tvi\u1ec7c\tc\u00f3\thay\tkh\u00f4ng\tc\u00f3\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\th\u00e0m\tch\u1ee9a\ttrong\tm\u1ed7i t\u00ecnh\t hu\u1ed1ng\t \u0111\u00e3\t di\u1ec5n\t ra\t trong\t \u0111\u1eddi\t -\t nh\u1eefng\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t \u0111\u00e3\t t\u1ea1o\t n\u00ean\t tri\t th\u1ee9c\t v\u00e0\t \u0111\u1ee9c\t tin c\u1ee7a\tm\u1ed7i\tng\u01b0\u1eddi? T\u1eeb\tg\u00f3c\t\u0111\u1ed9\tc\u1ee7a\tli\u1ec7u\tph\u00e1p\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a,\tr\u00f5\tr\u00e0ng\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tv\u00e0\ts\u1ef1\tnh\u1eadn\tbi\u1ebft\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c\t s\u1ed1ng\t ho\u00e0n\t to\u00e0n\t c\u00f3\t th\u1ef1c\t ch\u1ee9\t kh\u00f4ng\t ph\u1ea3i\t l\u00e0\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t vi\u1ec3n\t v\u00f4ng\t hay\t qu\u00e1\t xa v\u1eddi.\tN\u00f3i\tchung,\tt\u00f4i\tx\u00e1c\t\u0111\u1ecbnh\tv\u1ecb\ttr\u00ed\tc\u1ee7a\tnh\u1eadn\tth\u1ee9c\tv\u1ec1\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\t-\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u1ed9t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi trong\t m\u1ed9t\t t\u00ecnh\t hu\u1ed1ng\t c\u1ee5\t th\u1ec3\t -\t n\u1eb1m\t gi\u1eefa\t tr\u1ea3i\t nghi\u1ec7m\t \u201cAha\u201d\t theo\t quan\t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a\t Karl\t B\u00fchler[40]\t v\u00e0\t nh\u1eadn\t th\u1ee9c\t Gestalt\t theo\t h\u1ecdc\t thuy\u1ebft\t c\u1ee7a\t Max Wertheimer[41].\tNh\u1eadn\tth\u1ee9c\tv\u1ec1\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tkh\u00e1c\tv\u1edbi\tkh\u00e1i\tni\u1ec7m\ttruy\u1ec1n\tth\u1ed1ng\ttrong \u0111i\u1ec3m\t Gestalt\t b\u1edfi\t v\u00ec\t quan\t \u0111i\u1ec3m\t Gestalt\t bao\t h\u00e0m\t nh\u1eadn\t th\u1ee9c\t \u0111\u1ed9t\t ng\u1ed9t\t v\u1ec1\t m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u00ecnh\t\u1ea3nh\u201d\ttr\u00ean\tm\u1ed9t\t\u201cph\u00f4ng\tn\u1ec1n\u201d\ttrong\tkhi\tnh\u1eadn\tth\u1ee9c\tv\u1ec1\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a,\ttheo\tt\u00f4i,\tc\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\t \u0111\u1ebfn\t m\u1ee9c\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t nh\u1eadn\t ra\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t kh\u1ea3\t n\u0103ng\t \u0111\u1ed1i\t m\u1eb7t\t v\u1edbi\t hi\u1ec7n\t th\u1ef1c,\t ho\u1eb7c theo\tc\u00e1ch\tdi\u1ec5n\t\u0111\u1ea1t\tch\u00e2n\tph\u01b0\u01a1ng\tl\u00e0\tnh\u1eadn\tbi\u1ebft\tnh\u1eefng\tg\u00ec\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tl\u00e0m\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\ttrong m\u1ed9t\tt\u00ecnh\thu\u1ed1ng\tn\u00e0o\t\u0111\u00f3. V\u1eady\t m\u1ed9t\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t l\u00e0m\t th\u1ebf\t n\u00e0o\t \u0111\u1ec3\t c\u00f3\t th\u1ec3\t t\u00ecm\t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t cu\u1ed9c\t s\u1ed1ng?\t Nh\u01b0 Charlotte\tB\u00fchler[42]\t\u0111\u00e3\tch\u1ec9\tra:\t\u201cT\u1ea5t\tc\u1ea3\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tch\u00fang\tta\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tl\u00e0m\tl\u00e0\tnghi\u00ean\tc\u1ee9u cu\u1ed9c\t\u0111\u1eddi\tc\u1ee7a\tnh\u1eefng\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\td\u01b0\u1eddng\tnh\u01b0\t\u0111\u00e3\tt\u00ecm\tra\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tc\u00e2u\ttr\u1ea3\tl\u1eddi\tcho\tc\u00e1c\tc\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\tv\u1ec1\t\u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\tcu\u1ed1i\t c\u00f9ng\tc\u1ee7a\t\u0111\u1eddi\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\tv\u00e0\t so\ts\u00e1nh\tv\u1edbi\t nh\u1eefng\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\t ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm\t ra\u201d[43].\t Tuy\t nhi\u00ean,\t ngo\u00e0i\t c\u00e1ch\t ti\u1ebfp\t c\u1eadn\t v\u1ec1\t ti\u1ec3u\t s\u1eed,\t ch\u00fang\t ta\t c\u0169ng\t c\u00f3\t th\u1ec3","b\u1eaft\t\u0111\u1ea7u\tc\u00e1ch\tti\u1ebfp\tc\u1eadn\ttheo\th\u01b0\u1edbng\tsinh\th\u1ecdc,\tt\u1ee9c\tl\u00e0\tnghi\u00ean\tc\u1ee9u\tv\u1ec1\ts\u1ef1\ts\u1ed1ng[44]. Li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t xe,\t l\u01b0\u01a1ng\t t\u00e2m\t nh\u01b0\t m\u1ed9t\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t nh\u1eafc\t nh\u1edf\t v\u00e0\t trong\t nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng\t h\u1ee3p\t c\u1ea7n\t thi\u1ebft,\t l\u01b0\u01a1ng\t t\u00e2m\t s\u1ebd\t ch\u1ec9\t ra\t h\u01b0\u1edbng\t \u0111i\t cho\t ch\u00fang\t ta.\t \u0110\u1ec3\t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tn\u00e0y,\tl\u01b0\u01a1ng\tt\u00e2m\tph\u1ea3i\t\u00e1p\td\u1ee5ng\tc\u00e1c\tti\u00eau\tchu\u1ea9n,\th\u1ec7\tth\u1ed1ng\tc\u00e1c\tgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\tv\u00e0o\tm\u1ed9t\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh\tnh\u1ea5t\t\u0111\u1ecbnh.\tTuy\tnhi\u00ean,\tta\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\tch\u1ea5p\tnh\u1eadn\tv\u00e0\tk\u1ebf\tt\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng\tgi\u00e1\ttr\u1ecb\tn\u00e0y\tb\u1eb1ng\t\u00fd\tth\u1ee9c\tch\u1ee7\tquan\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh,\tb\u1edfi\tv\u00ec\tb\u1ea3n\tth\u00e2n\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang\tta\t\u0111\u00e3\tc\u00f3\ts\u1eb5n\tnh\u1eefng\tgi\u00e1\ttr\u1ecb\t\u1ea5y\tr\u1ed3i.\tC\u00e1c\tgi\u00e1\ttr\u1ecb\t\u0111\u00e3\tk\u1ebft\ttinh\ttrong\tqu\u00e1\ttr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn\tho\u00e1\tc\u1ee7a\tlo\u00e0i\tng\u01b0\u1eddi;\tch\u00fang\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\th\u00ecnh\tth\u00e0nh\ttrong\tqu\u00e1\tkh\u1ee9\tth\u00f4ng\tqua\tqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\t ti\u1ebfn\t ho\u00e1\t v\u00e0\t \u0111\u00e3\t b\u1eaft\t r\u1ec5\t s\u00e2u\t trong\t ch\u00fang\t ta.\t Konard\t Lorenz\t c\u00f3\t l\u1ebd\t \u0111\u00e3\t c\u00f3\t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\t nh\u01b0\t v\u1eady\t khi\t \u00f4ng\t ph\u00e1t\t tri\u1ec3n\t kh\u00e1i\t ni\u1ec7m\t v\u1ec1\t m\u1ed9t\t priori[45]\t sinh\t h\u1ecdc,\t v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n\t \u0111\u00e2y\t khi\t hai\t ch\u00fang\t t\u00f4i\t trao\t \u0111\u1ed5i\t v\u1ec1\t quan\t \u0111i\u1ec3m\t c\u1ee7a\t t\u00f4i\t tr\u00ean\t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\t di\u1ec7n sinh\th\u1ecdc\tv\u1ec1\tquy\ttr\u00ecnh\th\u00ecnh\tth\u00e0nh\tc\u00e1c\tgi\u00e1\ttr\u1ecb\tnh\u00e2n\tb\u1ea3n,\t\u00f4ng\t\u0111\u00e3\t\u0111\u1ea7y\tnhi\u1ec7t\tt\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\tt\u1ecf\ts\u1ef1\t t\u00e1n\t\u0111\u1ed3ng\t c\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh.\tTrong\t b\u1ea5t\tc\u1ee9\t tr\u01b0\u1eddng\th\u1ee3p\tn\u00e0o,\t n\u1ebfu\tvi\u1ec7c\t nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\t v\u1ec1\t gi\u00e1\t tr\u1ecb\t nh\u00e2n\t b\u1ea3n\t c\u1ee7a\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t l\u00e0\t m\u1ed9t\t d\u1ea1ng\t nh\u1eadn\t th\u1ee9c\t ti\u1ec1n\t suy ng\u1eabm[46]\tth\u00ec\tch\u00fang\tta\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tth\u1eeba\tnh\u1eadn\tr\u1eb1ng\tn\u00f3\tl\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t\t\u0111\u1eb7c\t\u0111i\u1ec3m\tsinh\th\u1ecdc\tdi truy\u1ec1n\tc\u1ee7a\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo\tli\u1ec7u\tph\u00e1p\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a,\tc\u00f3\tba\tcon\t\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\tm\u00e0\tqua\t\u0111\u00f3\tcon\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\ts\u1ebd\t\u0111\u1ea1t\t\u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tcu\u1ed9c\ts\u1ed1ng.\t\u0110\u1ea7u\tti\u00ean\tl\u00e0\tb\u1eb1ng\tc\u00e1ch\tt\u1ea1o\tra\tm\u1ed9t\tvi\u1ec7c\tg\u00ec\t\u0111\u00f3\tho\u1eb7c\tl\u00e0m\tm\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u\tg\u00ec\t\u0111\u00f3.\tCon\t\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\tth\u1ee9\thai\tl\u00e0\th\u00e3y\ttr\u1ea3i\tnghi\u1ec7m\tm\u1ed9t\tvi\u1ec7c\tn\u00e0o\t\u0111\u00f3\tho\u1eb7c\tg\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tn\u00e0o\t\u0111\u00f3,\tt\u1ee9c\tl\u00e0\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tt\u00ecm\tth\u1ea5y\tkh\u00f4ng\tch\u1ec9\ttrong\tc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\t m\u00e0\t c\u00f2n\t trong\t t\u00ecnh\t y\u00eau.\t Theo\t \u0111\u00f3,\t Edith\t Weisskopf-Joelson\t \u0111\u00e3\t quan\t s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y\tr\u1eb1ng\t\u201ckh\u00e1i\tni\u1ec7m\ttr\u1ea3i\tnghi\u1ec7m\tc\u0169ng\tc\u00f3\tgi\u00e1\ttr\u1ecb\tnh\u01b0\tm\u1ed9t\tth\u00e0nh\tc\u00f4ng\tl\u00e0\tm\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\t ph\u00e1p\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t tr\u1ecb\t b\u1edfi\t v\u00ec\t n\u00f3\t c\u00e2n\t b\u1eb1ng\t m\u1ee9c\t \u0111\u1ed9\t ch\u00eanh\t l\u1ec7ch\t c\u1ee7a\t ch\u00fang\t ta gi\u1eefa\ts\u1ef1\tth\u00e0nh\t\u0111\u1ea1t\tb\u00ean\tngo\u00e0i\tv\u1edbi\ttr\u1ea3i\tnghi\u1ec7m\tdo\tth\u1ebf\tgi\u1edbi\tn\u1ed9i\tt\u00e2m\t\u0111em\tl\u1ea1i\u201d[47]. Th\u1ebf\tnh\u01b0ng\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tquan\ttr\u1ecdng\tnh\u1ea5t\tl\u00e0\tcon\t\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\tth\u1ee9\tba\td\u1eabn\tt\u1edbi\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tcu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng:\tngay\tc\u1ea3\tm\u1ed9t\tn\u1ea1n\tnh\u00e2n\t\u0111\u01a1n\t\u0111\u1ed9c\ttrong\tt\u00ecnh\thu\u1ed1ng\tv\u00f4\tv\u1ecdng,\tkhi\t\u0111\u1ed1i\tdi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi\tm\u1ed9t\ts\u1ed1\tph\u1eadn\tm\u00e0\tanh\tta\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\tthay\t\u0111\u1ed5i,\tc\u0169ng\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tt\u1ef1\tv\u01b0\u1ee3t\tl\u00ean\tch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh,\ttr\u01b0\u1edfng\tth\u00e0nh\th\u01a1n,\tv\u00e0\tqua\t\u0111\u00f3\tthay\t\u0111\u1ed5i\tb\u1ea3n\tth\u00e2n.\tNg\u01b0\u1eddi\t\u0111\u00f3\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tbi\u1ebfn bi\t k\u1ecbch\t c\u00e1\t nh\u00e2n\t th\u00e0nh\t m\u1ed9t\t th\u00e0nh\t t\u1ef1u.\t M\u1ed9t\t l\u1ea7n\t n\u1eefa,\t ch\u00ednh\t Edith\t Weisskopf- Joelson\t m\u00e0\t t\u00f4i\t \u0111\u00e3\t \u0111\u1ec1\t c\u1eadp\t \u1edf\t ph\u1ea7n\t tr\u00ean\t \u0111\u00e3\t th\u1ec3\t hi\u1ec7n\t hy\t v\u1ecdng\t r\u1eb1ng\t li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd ngh\u0129a\t \u201cc\u00f3\t th\u1ec3\t gi\u00fap\t gi\u1ea3i\t quy\u1ebft\t nh\u1eefng\t xu\t h\u01b0\u1edbng\t ti\u00eau\t c\u1ef1c\t trong\t n\u1ec1n\t v\u0103n\t ho\u00e1 ng\u00e0y\t nay\t \u1edf\t M\u1ef9,\t n\u01a1i\t nh\u1eefng\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t b\u1ea5t\t h\u1ea1nh\t h\u1ea7u\t nh\u01b0\t kh\u00f4ng\t c\u00f3\t c\u01a1\t h\u1ed9i\t \u0111\u1ec3\t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o\tv\u1ec1\tnh\u1eefng\t\u0111au\tkh\u1ed5\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh,\th\u1ecd\tc\u00e0ng\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\txem\tnh\u1eefng\tb\u1ea5t\th\u1ea1nh\tl\u00e0 s\u1ef1\tcao\tqu\u00fd\tch\u1ee9\tkh\u00f4ng\tph\u1ea3i\tl\u00e0\ts\u1ef1\tth\u1ea5p\th\u00e8n\u201d\tv\u00ec\tv\u1eady\t\u201cnh\u1eefng\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tn\u00e0y\tkh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9\tc\u1ea3m\tth\u1ea5y\tb\u1ea5t\th\u1ea1nh\tm\u00e0\tc\u00f2n\tx\u1ea5u\th\u1ed5\tv\u00ec\ts\u1ef1\tb\u1ea5t\th\u1ea1nh\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh\u201d. Trong\tsu\u1ed1t\tm\u1ed9t\tph\u1ea7n\tt\u01b0\tth\u1ebf\tk\u1ef7,\tt\u00f4i\t\u0111\u00e3\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\th\u00e0nh\tkhoa\tth\u1ea7n\tkinh\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh\t vi\u1ec7n\t \u0111a\t khoa\t v\u00e0\t ch\u1ee9ng\t ki\u1ebfn\t n\u0103ng\t l\u1ef1c\t c\u1ee7a\t nhi\u1ec1u\t b\u1ec7nh\t nh\u00e2n\t \u0111\u00e3\t chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng\tt\u00ecnh\thu\u1ed1ng\tcam\tgio\tth\u00e0nh\ts\u1ef1\ttr\u01b0\u1edfng\tth\u00e0nh\tc\u1ee7a\tb\u1ea3n\tth\u00e2n.","Nh\u1eefng\t n\u1ed7\t l\u1ef1c\t c\u1ee7a\t con\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t nh\u1eb1m\t th\u1ec3\t hi\u1ec7n\t tinh\t th\u1ea7n\t \u201cl\u1ea1c\t quan\t trong\t bi k\u1ecbch\u201d\t l\u00e0\t nh\u1eefng\t n\u1ed7\t l\u1ef1c\t m\u00e0\t ti\u1ebfng\t Latin\t g\u1ecdi\t l\u00e0\t argumenta\tad\thominem.\t Jerry Long\tch\u00ednh\tl\u00e0\tnh\u00e2n\tch\u1ee9ng\ts\u1ed1ng\tcho\t\u201cs\u1ee9c\tm\u1ea1nh\tth\u00e1ch\tth\u1ee9c\tc\u1ee7a\ttinh\tth\u1ea7n\tcon ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d\t theo\t c\u00e1ch\t g\u1ecdi\t trong\t li\u1ec7u\t ph\u00e1p\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a[48].\t Theo\t l\u1eddi\t c\u1ee7a\t Texarkana Gazette,\t\u201cJerry\tLong\tb\u1ecb\tg\u00e3y\tc\u1ed5\tdo\tm\u1ed9t\ttai\tn\u1ea1n\tnh\u1ea3y\tc\u1ea7u\tkhi\u1ebfn\tanh\tb\u1ecb\tli\u1ec7t\tt\u1ee9 chi\tba\tn\u0103m\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc.\tKhi\tx\u1ea3y\tra\ttai\tn\u1ea1n,\tc\u1eadu\t\u1ea5y\tch\u1ec9\tm\u1edbi\t17\ttu\u1ed5i.\tNg\u00e0y\tnay\tLong c\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tng\u1eadm\t chi\u1ebfc\tque\t \u0111\u1ec3\tg\u00f5\tm\u00e1y.\t C\u1eadu\t\u201ctham\t d\u1ef1\u201d\thai\tkho\u00e1\t h\u1ecdc\tt\u1ea1i\t tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao\t\u0111\u1eb3ng\tc\u1ed9ng\t\u0111\u1ed3ng\tqua\tch\u01b0\u01a1ng\ttr\u00ecnh\t\u0111i\u1ec7n\ttho\u1ea1i\t\u0111\u1eb7c\tbi\u1ec7t.\tCh\u01b0\u01a1ng\ttr\u00ecnh\tn\u00e0y cho\tph\u00e9p\tLong\tv\u1eeba\tnghe\tv\u1eeba\ttham\tgia\tth\u1ea3o\tlu\u1eadn\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t\u1edf\tl\u1edbp\th\u1ecdc.\tC\u1eadu\tc\u0169ng d\u00e0nh\tth\u1eddi\tgian\t\u0111\u1ec3\t\u0111\u1ecdc,\txem\ttivi,\tv\u00e0\tt\u1eadp\tvi\u1ebft\u201d.\tV\u00e0\ttrong\tm\u1ed9t\tl\u00e1\tth\u01b0\tg\u1eedi\tcho\tt\u00f4i, c\u1eadu\t vi\u1ebft:\t \u201cCh\u00e1u\t th\u1ea5y\t cu\u1ed9c\t \u0111\u1eddi\t m\u00ecnh\t c\u00f3\t r\u1ea5t\t nhi\u1ec1u\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t v\u00e0\t m\u1ee5c\t \u0111\u00edch.\t Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9\t m\u00e0\t ch\u00e1u\t ch\u1ea5p\t nh\u1eadn\t v\u00e0o\t c\u00e1i\t ng\u00e0y\t \u0111\u1ecbnh\t m\u1ec7nh\t \u0111\u00f3\t \u0111\u00e3\t \u0111\u1ecbnh\t h\u01b0\u1edbng\t cho\t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\tc\u1ee7a\tch\u00e1u:\tCh\u00e1u\tb\u1ecb\tg\u00e3y\tc\u1ed5,\tnh\u01b0ng\tch\u00e1u\ts\u1ebd\tkh\u00f4ng\tsuy\ts\u1ee5p.\tHi\u1ec7n\tnay\tch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3\t\u0111\u0103ng\tk\u00fd\tv\u00e0o\tkhoa\tt\u00e2m\tl\u00fd\th\u1ecdc\t\u0111\u1ea7u\tti\u00ean\t\u1edf\ttr\u01b0\u1eddng.\tCh\u00e1u\ttin\tr\u1eb1ng\tkhuy\u1ebft\tt\u1eadt c\u1ee7a\tm\u00ecnh\tch\u1ec9\tc\u00e0ng\tl\u00e0m\tch\u00e1u\tt\u0103ng\tth\u00eam\tkh\u1ea3\tn\u0103ng\tgi\u00fap\t\u0111\u1ee1\tnh\u1eefng\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\tkh\u00e1c. Ch\u00e1u\t bi\u1ebft\t r\u1eb1ng\t n\u1ebfu\t kh\u00f4ng\t c\u00f3\t \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5,\t ch\u00e1u\t s\u1ebd\t kh\u00f4ng\t bao\t gi\u1edd\t tr\u01b0\u1edfng\t th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0\th\u00f4m\tnay\u201d. C\u00f3\t ph\u1ea3i\t t\u00f4i\t \u0111ang\t thuy\u1ebft\t ph\u1ee5c\t c\u00e1c\t b\u1ea1n\t r\u1eb1ng\t \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5\t l\u00e0\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t c\u1ea7n\t thi\u1ebft\t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m\t ph\u00e1\t \u00fd\t ngh\u0129a\t cu\u1ed9c\t s\u1ed1ng\t ch\u0103ng?\t Kh\u00f4ng\t ph\u1ea3i.\t T\u00f4i\t ch\u1ec9\t mu\u1ed1n\t nh\u1ea5n\t m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng\tta\tv\u1eabn\tlu\u00f4n\tt\u00ecm\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tcho\td\u00f9\tc\u00f3\tho\u1eb7c\tkh\u00f4ng\tc\u00f3\t\u0111au\tkh\u1ed5\t\u0111i\tn\u1eefa, nh\u01b0\t t\u00f4i\t \u0111\u00e3\t vi\u1ebft\t \u1edf\t Ph\u1ea7n\t Hai\t trong\t cu\u1ed1n\t s\u00e1ch\t n\u00e0y,\t r\u1eb1ng\t \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5\t l\u00e0\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang\tta\tkh\u00f3\ttr\u00e1nh.\tN\u1ebfu\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\ttr\u00e1nh\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\t\u0111au\tkh\u1ed5,\tth\u00ec\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\t\u00fd\tngh\u0129a\tn\u00ean\tl\u00e0m l\u00e0\t h\u00e3y\t tri\u1ec7t\t ti\u00eau\t nguy\u00ean\t nh\u00e2n\t c\u1ee7a\t \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5\t b\u1edfi\t v\u00ec\t ch\u1ecbu\t \u0111\u1ef1ng\t nh\u1eefng\t \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng\t c\u1ea7n\t thi\u1ebft\t s\u1ebd\t bi\u1ebfn\t ta\t th\u00e0nh\t ng\u1edb\t ng\u1ea9n\t h\u01a1n\t l\u00e0\t anh\t h\u00f9ng.\t M\u1eb7t\t kh\u00e1c,\t n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3\t thay\t \u0111\u1ed5i\t ho\u00e0n\t c\u1ea3nh\t khi\u1ebfn\t m\u00ecnh\t \u0111au\t kh\u1ed5\t th\u00ec\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn\tc\u00f3\tth\u1ec3\tch\u1ecdn\tcho\tm\u00ecnh\tm\u1ed9t\tth\u00e1i\t\u0111\u1ed9\ts\u1ed1ng[49].\tLong\t\u0111\u00e3\tkh\u00f4ng\tch\u1ecdn\tb\u1ecb\tg\u00e3y c\u1ed5\tnh\u01b0ng\tc\u1eadu\t\u0111\u00e3\tquy\u1ebft\t\u0111\u1ecbnh\tkh\u00f4ng\t\u0111\u1ec3\tm\u00ecnh\tqu\u1ef5\tng\u00e3\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc\tngh\u1ecbch\tc\u1ea3nh. Nh\u01b0\tv\u1eady,\t\u0111i\u1ec1u\tquan\ttr\u1ecdng\tl\u00e0\tch\u00fang\tta\tc\u1ea7n\tph\u1ea3i\tbi\u1ebft\tthay\t\u0111\u1ed5i\tho\u00e0n\tc\u1ea3nh\t\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y\tch\u00fang\tta\tv\u00e0o\t\u0111au\tkh\u1ed5.\tNh\u01b0ng\tch\u00fang\tta\tc\u0169ng\tn\u00ean\t\u201cbi\u1ebft\t\u0111au\tkh\u1ed5\u201d\tn\u1ebfu\tc\u1ea7n. B\u1eb1ng\t ch\u1ee9ng\t th\u1ef1c\t t\u1ebf\t t\u1eeb\t \u201cnh\u1eefng\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t lang\t thang\u201d\t c\u0169ng\t cho\t th\u1ea5y\t \u0111i\u1ec1u\t n\u00e0y. Trong\tcu\u1ed9c\ttr\u01b0ng\tc\u1ea7u\td\u00e2n\t\u00fd\tg\u1ea7n\t\u0111\u00e2y\t\u1edf\t\u00c1o,\tnh\u1eefng\tng\u01b0\u1eddi\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\tph\u1ecfng\tv\u1ea5n\t\u0111\u00e3 cho\t bi\u1ebft\t nh\u1eefng\t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\t khi\u1ebfn\t h\u1ecd\t c\u1ea3m\t ph\u1ee5c\t nh\u1ea5t\t kh\u00f4ng\t ph\u1ea3i\t l\u00e0\t c\u00e1c\t ngh\u1ec7\t s\u0129\t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,\t c\u00e1c\t nh\u00e0\t khoa\t h\u1ecdc\t l\u1edbn,\t ch\u00ednh\t kh\u00e1ch\t hay\t v\u1eadn\t \u0111\u1ed9ng\t vi\u00ean\u2026\t m\u00e0\t l\u00e0\t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\tbi\u1ebft\tv\u01b0\u1ee3t\tl\u00ean\ts\u1ed1\tph\u1eadn. Chuy\u1ec3n\tsang\tph\u1ea1m\ttr\u00f9\tt\u1ed9i\tl\u1ed7i\t-\tph\u1ea1m\ttr\u00f9\tth\u1ee9\thai\ttrong\t\u201cb\u1ed9\tba\tbi\tk\u1ecbch\u201d,\tt\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n\tb\u1eaft\t\u0111\u1ea7u\tt\u1eeb\tm\u1ed9t\tkh\u00e1i\tni\u1ec7m\tth\u1ea7n\th\u1ecdc\tlu\u00f4n\tcu\u1ed1n\th\u00fat\tt\u00f4i\t-\t\u0111\u00f3\tl\u00e0\tkh\u00e1i\tni\u1ec7m mysterium\tiniquitatis[50].\t Theo\t nh\u1eefng\t nghi\u00ean\t c\u1ee9u\t c\u1ee7a\t t\u00f4i,\t kh\u00f4ng\t th\u1ec3\t t\u00ecm\t ra c\u0103n\tnguy\u00ean\tc\u1ee7a\tm\u1ed9t\tt\u1ed9i\tl\u1ed7i,\tb\u1edfi\tv\u00ec\tta\tkh\u00f4ng\tth\u1ec3\ttruy\tnguy\u00ean\tt\u1edbi\tc\u00e1c\tnh\u00e2n\tt\u1ed1 v\u1ec1\tm\u1eb7t\tsinh\th\u1ecdc,\tt\u00e2m\tl\u00fd\tc\u0169ng\tnh\u01b0\tx\u00e3\th\u1ed9i\td\u1eabn\tt\u1edbi\tt\u1ed9i\tl\u1ed7i\t\u0111\u00f3.\tVi\u1ec7c\tgi\u1ea3i\tth\u00edch\tv\u1ec1"]