TRUYỆN ĐỌC LỊCH SỬ VIỆT NAM

["\u0111i\u1ec7n Kh\u00e2m V\u0103n nghe ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1, cho b\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 ng\u1ed3i sau t\u01b0\u1eddng nghe c\u00e1c quan t\u00e2u vi\u1ec7c, nghe vua ph\u00e1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t cho vua t\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c. Khi vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb \u0111au y\u1ebfu, m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1847, vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb qua \u0111\u1eddi, H\u1ed3ng Nh\u1eadm l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9 (T\u1eeb D\u0169) gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp sinh ho\u1ea1t Nho gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, tuy nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed3ng Nh\u1eadm v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb. T\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, H\u1ed3ng Nh\u1eadm \u0111\u00e3 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ch, d\u00f9i m\u00e0i kinh s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh vua, tuy vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. B\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eb7n con: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c... Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb c\u00e2u: \u201cNh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t tri \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d (ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd)\u201d. Khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 vua, t\u1ed1i t\u1ed1i T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u1eed cho m\u1eb9 nghe, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho vua bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u xa, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh. B\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi han nh\u00e0 vua v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1eb7n vua ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i tham \u00f4: \u201cT\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quan l\u1ea1i th\u00ec 149","ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef tham l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. Quan l\u1ea1i b\u1ed5 ra t\u1ec9nh, khi v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb n\u00e0o v\u1ecb n\u1ea5y ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00fai. C\u1ee7a \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u00e2n th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u ra?\u201d. B\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cPh\u00e9p gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t quan l\u1ea1i cho x\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9c, d\u00e2n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p. D\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m t\u1eeb G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng ra Hu\u1ebf c\u1ea7u xin vua ban cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e0 n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn b\u1ea3o vua: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, h\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng lao g\u00ec th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho t\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed9c. H\u1ec5 ai l\u00e0m g\u00ec tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u1ee9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng minh\u201d. B\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 c\u00f2n can gi\u00e1n vua bi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 d\u00e2ng s\u1edb tr\u00e1ch vua v\u00ec T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u00fac sao nh\u00e3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh n\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u00ednh. Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn tai, b\u00e0 h\u1ecfi vua: \u201c\u00d4ng Ph\u1ea1m d\u00e2ng s\u1edb khuy\u00ean con th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d. T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u01b0a: \u201cD\u1ea1, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng con th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i m\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch vua th\u00ec qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1eafm\u201d. \u201cTh\u1ebf khi b\u1ecb con gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c, xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u00ednh, \u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. \u201cCon kh\u00f4ng nghe c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y\u201d. B\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho vua: \u201cTh\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafm. D\u00e2ng 150","s\u1edb tr\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng vua. L\u00fac b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 cam ch\u1ecbu, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u00f2ng o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn th\u00ec theo m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, trung th\u00e0nh. Con n\u00ean ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c nghe ra, li\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu \u00e2n x\u00e1, tri\u1ec7u Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u00fa Th\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 kinh, giao ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m r\u1ea3nh vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ng\u1ef1 b\u1eafn t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Thu\u1eadn Tr\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng g\u1eb7p khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e1i H\u1eadu T\u1eeb D\u0169 151","l\u1ee5t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ecbp ng\u00e0y k\u1ef5 \u0111\u1ee9c Hi\u1ebfn T\u1ed5 (Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb). B\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 n\u00f3ng ru\u1ed9t, sai quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i r\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1eb7p thuy\u1ec1n ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e8o l\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i mau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i thuy\u1ec1n ng\u1ef1 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi b\u1ebfn. Khi \u1ea5y tr\u1eddi \u0111ang m\u01b0a, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng l\u00ean ki\u1ec7u tr\u1ea7n \u0111i th\u1eb3ng sang cung, l\u1ea1y m\u1eb9 xin ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i. B\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 ng\u1ed3i xoay m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng r\u1eb1ng. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y roi m\u00e2y, r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng xin ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f2n. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u, b\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 l\u1ea5y tay h\u1ea5t roi ra v\u00e0 ban r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u00f4i, tha cho! \u0110i ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho quan qu\u00e2n c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ban th\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta...\u201d. N\u0103m 1858, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c b\u00e0n v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 l\u1ec7 c\u0169, phong Ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu cho m\u1eb9; nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 hai l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cT\u0103ng th\u00eam h\u01b0 danh cho \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 th\u00f4i... Ta ch\u1ec9 mong c\u00e1c khanh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gi\u00fap vua, khi\u1ebfn ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i vinh n\u00e0o h\u01a1n th\u1ebf!\u201d. N\u0103m b\u00e0 60 tu\u1ed5i (1870), b\u00e0 m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5n phong, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. B\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng vua \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1eddi r\u1ea5t m\u00ea h\u00e1t b\u1ed9i (tu\u1ed3ng). M\u1ed9t 152","l\u1ea7n vua cho \u0111\u1ed9i tu\u1ed3ng cung \u0111\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n v\u1edf Ph\u00e0n L\u00ea Hu\u00ea gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft anh. B\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 ng\u1ed3i xem, nghi\u00eam m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o: \u201cSao l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 k\u1ef9 c\u00e1i tr\u00f2 th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Con gi\u1ebft cha, anh gi\u1ebft em th\u00ec c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd n\u1eefa? N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n x\u1eb1ng b\u1eady!\u201d. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb9! N\u0103m 1883, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c qua \u0111\u1eddi, b\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng tao lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n. Sau khi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00eam 5-7-1885, T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a vua H\u00e0m Nghi v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng gia r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf ra T\u00e2n S\u1edf (Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb), ph\u00e1t binh C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec tu\u1ed5i cao (75 tu\u1ed5i), s\u1ee9c y\u1ebfu, b\u00e0 T\u1eeb D\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf l\u1ea1i T\u00e2n S\u1edf, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf. 153","T\u00c0I \u1ee8NG \u0110\u1ed0I C\u1ee6A CAO B\u00c1 QU\u00c1T Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecb, huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nho h\u1ecdc. Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh song sinh l\u00e0 Cao B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea1t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u00f4ng minh, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf. Ngay t\u1eeb thu\u1edf c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed ngang t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i hoa, ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n nhau r\u1eb1ng Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \\\"Trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1ed3 ch\u1eef, m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i chi\u1ebfm hai, anh t\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i - Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Si\u00eau chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3, c\u00f2n b\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 chia cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c!\\\". M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, nghe tin vua Minh M\u1ea1ng ng\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 ra th\u0103m th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t ch\u1edd \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac vua \u0111i qua H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y, li\u1ec1n x\u0103m x\u0103m nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 t\u1eafm. Quan qu\u00e2n h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng, li\u1ec1n b\u1eaft Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t tr\u00f3i l\u1ea1i, Qu\u00e1t gi\u00e3y gi\u1ee5a, la l\u1ed1i om s\u00f2m. Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh d\u1eabn Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi. Qu\u00e1t khai l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 qu\u00ea m\u1edbi l\u00ean t\u1ec9nh, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc, \u1ea5t gi\u00e1p g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nghe khai l\u00e0 154","h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, vua Minh M\u1ea1ng li\u1ec1n ra c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eaft Qu\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec tha, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2n. Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong veo, c\u00e1 t\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e0n tung t\u0103ng b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i, li\u1ec1n ra v\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i: \u201cNu\u1edbc trong leo l\u1ebbo, c\u00e1 \u0111\u1edbp c\u00e1\u201d. Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111ang b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng chang chang li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i: \u201cTr\u1eddi n\u1eafng chang chang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i \\\"x\u1ecf xi\u00ean\\\", nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00e0i \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i mau l\u1eb9, n\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1edfi tr\u00f3i cho c\u1eadu b\u00e9 h\u1ecd Cao. \u0110\u1ebfn vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i khen ng\u1ee3i v\u0103n t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n tay c\u1ef1 ph\u00e1ch qua hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 sau: \u201cV\u0103n nh\u01b0 Si\u00eau, Qu\u00e1t v\u00f4 Ti\u1ec1n H\u00e1n Thi \u0111\u00e1o T\u00f9ng, Tuy th\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (V\u0103n nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Si\u00eau v\u00e0 Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t th\u1eddi Ti\u1ec1n H\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i thua\/ Th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 T\u00f9ng Thi\u1ec7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Tuy L\u00fd V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi Th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n k\u00e9m - H\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ecbch(1)). Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t c\u00f2n m\u1ec9a mai c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i thi x\u00e3 do T\u00f9ng Thi\u1ec7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Tuy L\u00fd V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u khi so s\u00e1nh th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thi x\u00e3 v\u1edbi thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm Ngh\u1ec7 An: _______________ 1. Theo tapchisonghuong.com.vn 155","Ng\u00e1n cho c\u00e1i m\u00f9i v\u00f4 duy\u00ean C\u00e2u th\u01a1 thi x\u00e3, con thuy\u1ec1n Ngh\u1ec7 An Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u01a1. Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quan trong tri\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01a1. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c khoe v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan r\u1eb1ng: - H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00eam Tr\u1eabm v\u1eeba ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c, Tr\u1eabm \u0111\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c khanh th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c: Trong v\u01b0\u1eddn oanh h\u00f3t kh\u1ec1 kh\u00e0 m\u00e3i Ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ed1 hoa \u0111\u00e0o l\u1ea5m t\u1ea5m pha Trong khi c\u00e1c quan n\u1ee9c n\u1edf khen th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a vua l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean t\u00e2u: - T\u00e2u b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1, hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1edf trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u00e1m c\u00e2u, m\u00e0 h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n \u0111i h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe r\u1ed3i \u1ea1! N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 cho ph\u00e9p, th\u1ea7n xin \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i: Hu\u1ebfch ho\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ng\u1ef1a b\u00e1u qua Hu\u00eanh hoang ph\u1ea3i c\u1eady d\u1ecbu nhau m\u00e0 Trong v\u01b0\u1eddn oanh h\u00f3t kh\u1ec1 kh\u00e0 m\u00e3i Ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f5 hoa \u0111\u00e0o l\u1ea5m t\u1ea5m pha Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn sao s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9p b\u1ed9p? Thu sang ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0i nh\u00e0i Th\u01a1 t\u1ee9 kh\u00f9 kh\u1edd bao k\u1ebb bi\u1ebft Kh\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n mang h\u1ecfi t\u00fa t\u00e0i. T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecba th\u00eam 6 c\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00e0i \u1ee9ng t\u00e1c nhanh nh\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 sai \u0111em ch\u00e8, qu\u1ebf ban t\u1eb7ng. 156","L\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 tay vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1: Con n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ed1 T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n vua. \u0110\u1ecdc xong, Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y b\u00fat vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m: \u201cHay th\u1eadt, hay th\u1eadt! Cha con vua t\u00f4i \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o\u201d. T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eadn l\u1eafm, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u00f2i Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i. Qu\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t vua, \u00f4ng Cao th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: - T\u00e2u b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o vua t\u00f4i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o cha con, vua tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i sau, cha tr\u01b0\u1edbc, con sau. Nay vi\u1ebft th\u1ebf th\u1ea7n lo c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n r\u1ed3i \u1ea1! T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00e9n gi\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t th\u1eed ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i xem. \u00d4ng b\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0: \u01a0n vua t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o Nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ed1 con ph\u1ea3i theo. T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t ch\u1eefa hay h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o phong ki\u1ebfn Kh\u1ed5ng M\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng. L\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u00f2i Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u c\u1edd, v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng cao c\u1edd. Th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u1ebf l\u1ee3i, ch\u1eafc th\u1eafng T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eafc \u00fd ng\u00e2m c\u00e2u th\u01a1: 157","\u201cHai con m\u00e3 (c\u1ee7a ta) \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1edbi m\u00e3i ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t v\u1ed1n t\u00ednh b\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c, ngang t\u00e0ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng kinh s\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u00f4n: \u201cHai qu\u00e2n xe (c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i) theo \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi\u201d T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 k\u00ecm m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm l\u00fd do x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i. Vua b\u00e8n b\u1ea3o Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t: - Ta nghe n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao c\u1edd sau g\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i u. V\u1eady khanh h\u00e3y ngo\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 Tr\u1eabm th\u1eed xem! N\u1ebfu Cao B\u00e1 Qu\u00e1t quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t vua th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i khi qu\u00e2n (khinh vua), nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd th\u00f4ng minh, nhanh tr\u00ed n\u00ean \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n g\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t vua. T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5c \u00f4ng Cao th\u00f4ng minh, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean v\u1eeba s\u1edd v\u00e0o g\u00e1y Qu\u00e1t v\u1eeba n\u00f3i: \u201cQu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i u sau g\u00e1y th\u1eadt!\u201d. 158","NGUY\u1ec4N TR\u01af\u1edcNG T\u1ed8 - NH\u00c0 C\u1ea2I C\u00c1CH Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 sinh n\u0103m 1828, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng B\u00f9i Chu, huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0ng Nguy\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t tinh th\u00f4ng H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 27 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p G\u00f4thi\u01a1 (Gauthier) \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2n \u1ea4p thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o X\u00e3 \u0110o\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p. N\u0103m 1858, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c G\u00f4thi\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0a sang Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc hai n\u0103m v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh khai m\u1ecf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng gh\u00e9 qua Italia, Xingapo, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1861 \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Khi \u0111\u00f3, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch cho Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ba n\u0103m. Khi d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng h\u00e0m, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1eeda b\u1edbt nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u201ct\u1ea1m ho\u00e0\u201d. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 b\u00e1o cho s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n bi\u1ebft \u00e2m 159","m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. N\u0103m 1863, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 r\u1eddi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ra y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t 9 n\u0103m (1863-1871) \u00f4ng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n canh t\u00e2n, \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nguy nan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau: - V\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi Anh v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Anh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 b\u1edbt tham v\u1ecdng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean gi\u1eef ho\u00e0 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi so\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n) \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i s\u00e1u t\u1ec9nh Nam K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm. - V\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh: N\u00ean s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ed1 quan l\u1ea1i, t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng; ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh. - V\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 160","thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n d\u00e2n \u0103n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb9p; cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ecf l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n; ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 lu\u1ed9m thu\u1ed9m c\u1ee7a Kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf; \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1eadp tr\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u1ea7n\u2026 - V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf: \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cb\u1ebf quan t\u1ecfa c\u1ea3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 giao thi\u1ec7p, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch d\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i ho\u00e1, ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. - V\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf cao nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0103n ch\u01a1i xa x\u1ec9\u2026 - V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u1eed, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng. D\u00f9ng Qu\u1ed1c v\u0103n trong c\u00f4ng v\u0103n thay cho H\u00e1n v\u0103n, in b\u00e1o, c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2026 - V\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1: \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ra s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00f5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ra c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f5 b\u1ecb, h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3i qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh, s\u0129 quan, r\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea7y ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn binh ph\u00e1p, t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn\u2026 161","Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tu n\u1eef \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed1n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 trong gi\u00e1o khu X\u00e3 \u0110o\u00e0i\u2026 Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap Ho\u00e0ng T\u00e1 Vi\u00eam \u0111\u00e0o k\u00eanh S\u1eaft (tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia Cao Bi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i). Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 c\u00f2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n x\u00e3 Xu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 d\u1eddi l\u00e0ng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ra v\u00f9ng kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. C\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n trong C\u01a1 m\u1eadt vi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n t\u1ecf \u00fd nghi ng\u1edd \u00f4ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ph\u00e1p \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 l\u00fac tri\u1ec7u Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 v\u00e0o Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1866 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 sang Ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi G\u00f4thi\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 mua m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, du nh\u1eadp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ra l\u1ec7nh ho\u00e3n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1871, c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u00e1i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9 sang Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 B\u00f9i Chu khi m\u1edbi 44 tu\u1ed5i. 162","PH\u00c1T S\u00daNG \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN C\u1ee6A QU\u00c2N X\u00c2M L\u01af\u1ee2C \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai. Gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1p coi \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch Hu\u1ebf 100 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam, n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf cho qu\u00e2n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n m\u1eadt. Chi\u1ec1u 30-8-1858, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha d\u00e0n tr\u1eadn \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i. Quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi ng\u1ef1a g\u1ea5p ra Kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 xin l\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. M\u1edd s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau (1-9-1858), Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00fang sau hai gi\u1edd. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn b\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean 163","b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i cho qu\u00e2n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o S\u01a1n Tr\u00e0; bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tin m\u1ea5t b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o S\u01a1n Tr\u00e0, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf ra l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng, v\u1ed9i ph\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eafp l\u0169y ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o ph\u00eda trong \u0111\u1ec3 bao v\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i m\u00e9 bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. \u00d4ng ra l\u1ec7nh cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \\\"v\u01b0\u1eddn kh\u00f4ng, nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng\\\" n\u00ean d\u00f9 gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n n\u00fai v\u00e0 v\u00e0i l\u00e0ng ven bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, do kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00ean binh l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1ecb \u0111au \u1ed1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, thu\u1ed1c men l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ti\u1ebfn lui \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy Gi\u01a1nuiy quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c k\u00e9o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (2-1859). 164","TI\u1ebeN S\u0128 \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea4T NAM K\u1ef2 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Minh M\u1ea1ng, Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa sang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh. Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Phan Thanh Ng\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i V\u0129nh Long, m\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm khi \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00ean 7 tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o, n\u00ean l\u00fac nh\u1ecf \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb s\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec \u1edf l\u00e0ng. Khi \u00f4ng 20 tu\u1ed5i, cha \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh V\u0129nh Long xin \u1edf t\u00f9 thay cha, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc thay cha. Th\u1ea5y Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ch\u00ed hi\u1ebfu, n\u00ean sau khi Phan Thanh Ng\u1ea1n m\u00e3n h\u1ea1n t\u00f9, quan t\u1ec9nh gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, ch\u0103m h\u1ecdc, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed7 C\u1eed nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1825. N\u0103m 1826, \u00f4ng d\u1ef1 thi H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Nam K\u1ef3. 165","Sau khi thi \u0111\u1ed7, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean tu, sau th\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd T\u1ef1 khanh, sung C\u01a1 m\u1eadt vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n (1834), Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 Binh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i, T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i tr\u00f4ng coi vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1ed9 Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c,... Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n (\u1ea2nh trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cNh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a - Th\u00f4ng tin) 166","Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u00e2ng s\u1edb xin vua ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n. N\u0103m 1826, m\u01b0a b\u00e3o g\u00e2y l\u1ee5t l\u1edbn \u1edf Kinh th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng d\u00e2ng s\u1edb xin vua Minh M\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ed1 cung n\u1eef, phi t\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 1836, \u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m Tu\u1ea7n v\u0169 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam th\u00ec vua Minh M\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i tu\u1ea7n du \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai Ng\u0169 H\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n d\u00e2ng s\u1edb can vua v\u00ec l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Qu\u1ea3ng Nam \u0111ang b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a, d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1eaft d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch. Minh M\u1ea1ng ho\u00e3n chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9c \u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c vi\u00ean \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi c\u00e1c quan x\u1eed ki\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c quan th\u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u1edbi n\u00f3i: \u201cXin quan l\u1edbn t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, n\u1ebfu quan l\u1edbn h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m sao ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c!\u201d. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cXin c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n t\u00f4i, vua ph\u00e1n sao, t\u00f4i nghe v\u1eady\u201d. N\u0103m 1839, khi \u0111ang gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ecb lang B\u1ed9 H\u1ed9, \u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan Vi\u1ec7n C\u01a1 m\u1eadt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c, g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c sai d\u00e1m n\u00f3i. N\u0103m 1852, khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3 s\u1ee9 167","Nam K\u1ef3, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2ng s\u1edb xin vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c tr\u00e1nh xa gian th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i trung, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau pha, t\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch cho binh l\u00ednh\u2026 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u00f4ng t\u1ea5m Kim kh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef: \u201cLi\u00eam, B\u00ecnh, C\u1ea7n, C\u00e1n\u201d. Khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111em qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan l\u1ea1i, s\u0129 phu v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb ho\u00e0. Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n t\u00e2u v\u1edbi vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c: \u201cTa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Lo n\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u01a1n phi\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec1 d\u00e2n n\u1ecd cu\u1ed9c giao tranh. Sau khi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n Ch\u00ed Ho\u00e0 do Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng, V\u0129nh Long b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eed Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh s\u1ee9 To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng Ph\u00f3 s\u1ee9 L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng ho\u00e0. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung ho\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1eaft ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam K\u1ef3 cho Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0o bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn th\u00ec xin chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i 168","\u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y 5-6-1862, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p k\u00fd v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c B\u00f4na (Bonard) ho\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m 12 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1eaft ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam K\u1ef3 cho Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn ph\u00ed 10 tri\u1ec7u fr\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 trong 10 n\u0103m. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nam K\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t, n\u00ean l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2u: \\\"Phan, L\u00e2m m\u00e3i qu\u1ed1c, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00ed d\u00e2n\\\". \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1863, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0o Nam \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh V\u0129nh Long do Ph\u00e1p trao tr\u1ea3 theo Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc 1862. T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ra l\u1ec7nh cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nam K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e3i binh, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 giao cho Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n hi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p. Th\u00e1ng 6-1863, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh s\u1ee9 sang Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam K\u1ef3. Nap\u00f4l\u00ea\u00f4ng III kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Khi \u0111i Ph\u00e1p, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, giao th\u00f4ng, b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n \u00c1o, Th\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf kho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, 169","c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i du h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ecb theo n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nghe. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1: T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111i s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y kinh, Th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u lu\u1ed1ng gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng bang mau t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady, H\u1ebft l\u00f2ng n\u0103n n\u1ec9 ch\u1eb3ng ai tin. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1865, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eed Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0m Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u1edf ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam K\u1ef3 (V\u0129nh Long, An Giang, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u1edf Cao Mi\u00ean (nay l\u00e0 Campuchia), \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm n\u1ed1t ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ta. Ng\u00e0y 20-6-1867, \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Gran\u0111i (DeLagrandiere) \u0111em binh thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn V\u0129nh Long, g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh. Bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh n\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh cho Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u. Sau khi \u0111\u1ec3 ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam K\u1ef3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tay Ph\u00e1p, Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1edd S\u1edb v\u1edbi l\u1eddi l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft, k\u00e8m theo 23 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua phong c\u00f9ng tri\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c, g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c 17 ng\u00e0y, \u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 t\u1eed. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng c\u0103n d\u1eb7n con ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c g\u00ec c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c con ch\u1edb n\u00ean tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i c\u1ea7u vinh m\u00e0 170","l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m b\u1ea1i l\u00fd; h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi cho b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y \u00c2u; ph\u00f2 vua, gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc, lo toan h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c, h\u1ecda may sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1ebb vang cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng d\u1eb7n con ch\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 ghi tr\u00ean bia m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ea3i nhai l\u00e3o th\u01b0 sinh t\u00e1nh Phan (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 gi\u00e0 h\u1ecd Phan \u1edf g\u00f3c bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Nam) v\u00e0 \u0111em linh c\u1eefu v\u1ec1 ch\u00f4n \u1edf l\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o Th\u1ea1nh. Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed9i Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t s\u00e1u t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o tay Ph\u00e1p. Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n b\u1ecb truy \u0111o\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9c quan, t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3m giam h\u1eadu, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c t\u00ean tr\u00ean bia Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. N\u0103m 1886, vua \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ra s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i cho \u00f4ng. 171","DANH T\u01af\u1edaNG NGUY\u1ec4N TRI PH\u01af\u01a0NG \u00d4ng qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Long, huy\u1ec7n Phong \u0110i\u1ec1n, t\u1ec9nh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean - Hu\u1ebf. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m quan Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng 172","d\u01b0\u1edbi ba \u0111\u1eddi vua nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 Minh M\u1ea1ng, Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c quan to \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh li\u00eam n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 v\u1eabn thanh b\u1ea1ch. Khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 1851, do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh giao cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0o l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9. \u0110\u00edch th\u00e2n vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ti\u1ec5n ch\u00e2n hai \u00f4ng v\u00e0 d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 hai \u00f4ng d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng lo vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 1858, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf c\u1eed Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. \u00d4ng cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3n Li\u00ean Tr\u00ec, \u0111\u1eafp l\u0169y d\u00e0i t\u1eeb H\u1ea3i Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fac Ninh, Th\u1ea1ch Gi\u1ea3n, chia qu\u00e2n ra ph\u00f2ng gi\u1eef. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi S\u01a1n Tr\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh 173","c\u00f9ng Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ebf Hi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u00d4ng cho \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3n Ch\u00ed Ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7. Sau hai ng\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, em ru\u1ed9t t\u1eed tr\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ebf Hi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi. Sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t (1862) v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Kinh nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n T\u00e2y B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Cai V\u00e0ng \u1edf B\u1eafc Ninh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1 V\u0103n Ph\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1edd d\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c V\u00f5 Hi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u0129, t\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u00e1ng Li\u1ec7t b\u00e1, v\u1ec1 Kinh lo vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh. N\u0103m 1868, trong d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng th\u1ecd \u00f4ng 70 tu\u1ed5i, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \\\"Th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng sau tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1u ng\u00f4i\\\". Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1872, Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y 20-10-1873, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 s\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 con trai l\u00e0 Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2m l\u00ean th\u00e0nh gi\u1eef c\u1eeda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1eeda Nam. Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2m tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n, t\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng cho b\u0103ng b\u00f3 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ecbn \u0103n g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng th\u00ec m\u1ea5t, th\u1ecd 74 tu\u1ed5i. 174","Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc, ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0a quan t\u00e0i \u00f4ng v\u00e0 con trai v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 an t\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1875, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c cho l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung hi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, em ru\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy v\u00e0 con trai l\u00e0 Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2m. N\u0103m 1886, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd trong mi\u1ebfu Hi\u1ec1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng. 175","TU\u1eaaN TI\u1ebeT C\u00d9NG TH\u00c0NH H\u00c0 N\u1ed8I Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u sinh ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 02 n\u0103m 1829 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Nho h\u1ecdc \u1edf x\u00e3 Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i, huy\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec7n B\u00e0n, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. \u00d4ng thi \u0111\u1ed7 C\u1eed nh\u00e2n n\u0103m 1848, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1853 \u0111\u1ed7 Ph\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m Tri ph\u1ee7 Tuy Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i th\u0103ng \u00c1n s\u00e1t t\u1ec9nh Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m B\u1ed1 Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u 176","ch\u00e1nh t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n B\u1eafc Ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean \u1ed5n, khi\u1ebfn vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i ban khen \\\"B\u1eafc chi d\u00e2n, phi Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u v\u1eadt n\u0103ng\\\" (Cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc, ngo\u00e0i Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai h\u01a1n). N\u0103m 1873, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Tham tri B\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i Tham tri B\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i ki\u00eam \u0110\u00f4 s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7n, sung C\u01a1 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 1879, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c An - T\u0129nh (Ngh\u1ec7 An - H\u00e0 T\u0129nh). Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Kinh, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00cdt l\u00e2u sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c Binh b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0. N\u0103m 1880, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m Th\u1ef1 T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c H\u00e0-Ninh (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - Ninh B\u00ecnh) thay Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tu\u1eabn ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1873. \u00d4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn. Khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1882), v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u00e0o h\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eafp l\u0169y ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch v\u00f4 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0y 3-4-1882, Rivie (Herri Riviere) t\u1eeb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3n Th\u1ee7y. S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ng\u00e0y 25-4, y g\u1eedi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u01b0 cho Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7t b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00fang 8 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 s\u00fang. 177","Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n s\u0129 u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u \u0103n th\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh C\u1eeda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef. Trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebb l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1t kho s\u00fang, g\u00e2y hoang mang cho qu\u00e2n s\u0129. \u0110\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n tr\u01b0a, th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p k\u00e9o v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh. Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f5 Mi\u1ebfu th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 t\u1eed ti\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf \u1ea5p Th\u00e1i H\u00e0, qu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ed1ng \u0110a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n Trung Li\u1ec7t th\u1edd Ho\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. 178","\u0110\u1ed0T T\u00c0U GI\u1eb6C TR\u00caN S\u00d4NG NH\u1eacT T\u1ea2O Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c (t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u1ecbch) sinh n\u0103m 1838, qu\u00ea \u1edf x\u00f3m Ngh\u1ec1, x\u00e3 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng (nay thu\u1ed9c th\u1ecb x\u00e3 T\u00e2n An, t\u1ec9nh Long An). \u00d4ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 ch\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi. Khi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Nam K\u1ef3, \u00f4ng tham gia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tri Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n Ch\u00ed Ho\u00e0, \u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3n binh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n L\u1ecbch. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn \u0111i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch. T\u1ea1i s\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed5 ra s\u00f4ng V\u00e0m C\u1ecf \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0u \u00c9tp\u00ear\u0103ng (Esp\u00e9rance) tu\u1ea7n tra, tr\u00ean t\u00e0u c\u00f3 25 t\u00ean l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p do m\u1ed9t Trung \u00fay ch\u1ec9 huy. Tr\u01b0a ng\u00e0y 10-12-1868, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u n\u00e0y: 179","T\u00ean l\u00ednh g\u00e1c tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u201cHi v\u1ecdng\u201d (\u00c9tp\u00ear\u0103ng) \u1edf gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o, \u0111ang lim dim m\u1eaft, ch\u1ee3t th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb xa m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n n\u0103m chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m c\u00f3 mui, ch\u1edf kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng, thong th\u1ea3 ch\u00e8o ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e0u gi\u1eb7c. T\u00ean l\u00ednh nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau, c\u00e1c l\u00ednh tr\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 say n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed5n ngang tr\u00ean s\u00e0n t\u00e0u. H\u1eafn \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u01a1 tay ra hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i tr\u00e1nh xa. \u0110o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn, h\u1eafn gi\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00fang d\u1ecda. B\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfc sau ch\u1eadm nh\u1ecbp ch\u00e8o m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, chi\u1ebfc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1ch ra ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n t\u00e0u. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n qu\u00ea c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb gi\u01a1 cao m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y, v\u1eaby v\u1eaby. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, t\u00ean l\u00ednh g\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n xin gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh. H\u1eafn ra l\u1ec7nh cho thuy\u1ec1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch t\u00e0u m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ph\u00eda trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 huy. H\u1eafn tr\u1edf ra, cho ph\u00e9p thuy\u1ec1n \u00e9p m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n qu\u00ea l\u00ean t\u00e0u. V\u1eeba t\u1edbi n\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng ngay m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf v\u00f5 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh t\u00ean l\u00ednh g\u00e1c ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp k\u00eau m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng. C\u1ea3 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u, 50 tr\u00e1ng s\u0129 n\u1ea5p b\u00ean trong \u00e0o \u00e0o lao l\u00ean s\u00e0n t\u00e0u, vung gi\u00e1o m\u00e1c x\u00f4ng t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ecdn qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh gi\u1eb7c \u0111ang m\u1eaft nh\u1eafm, m\u1eaft m\u1edf, h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ean li\u1ec1u nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng, b\u1ecdn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t. T\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea7n h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p ch\u1ea1y ra, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111u\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe ti\u1ebfng th\u00e9t: 180","- Qu\u1ea3n L\u1ecbch (t\u1ee9c Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c) \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy, run l\u1ea9y b\u1ea9y, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1m s\u00e1ng lo\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 vung l\u00ean, t\u00ean quan Ph\u00e1p to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed5 l\u0103n k\u1ec1nh xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n t\u00e0u. Qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh trong h\u1ea7m t\u00e0u c\u1ee5m l\u1ea1i, n\u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng t\u00e0u, b\u1eafn ra. Tr\u00ean b\u1edd b\u1ecdn l\u00ednh ng\u1ee5y nghe ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang c\u0169ng v\u1ed9i ch\u1ea1y ra \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u th\u00ec ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c binh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n ta ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t g\u1ecdn. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh gom t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, t\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t. Khi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda b\u1ed1c l\u00ean th\u00ec thuy\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1edf th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c r\u1eddi m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u. Chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u201cHi v\u1ecdng\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y ng\u00f9n ng\u1ee5t tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o, kh\u00f3i \u0111en cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n che k\u00edn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng. \u0110o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd \u1edf ph\u00eda xa, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi vang t\u1edbi, chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ch\u00ecm ngh\u1ec9m. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ca ng\u1ee3i chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n ta do Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 huy nh\u01b0 sau: H\u1ecfa h\u1ed3ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o oanh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, Ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea1c Ki\u00ean Giang kh\u1ed1c qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n. D\u1ecbch l\u00e0: L\u1eeda ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt T\u1ea3o vang d\u1ed9i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, G\u01b0\u01a1m s\u00e1ng tu\u1ed1t tr\u00ean Ki\u00ean Giang l\u00e0m qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f3c. 181","B\u00ccNH T\u00c2Y \u0110\u1ea0I NGUY\u00caN SO\u00c1I Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh sinh n\u0103m 1821, qu\u00ea \u1edf th\u00f4n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecbnh, x\u00e3 T\u01b0 Cung, ph\u1ee7 B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n (nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 T\u1ecbnh Kh\u00ea, huy\u1ec7n S\u01a1n T\u1ecbnh, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i), theo gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3. Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea7m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c L\u00e3nh binh \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Sau khi cha m\u1ea5t, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea v\u1ee3 (T\u00e2n Ho\u00e0, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh th\u00f4ng v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i b\u1eafn s\u00fang, tr\u0103m ph\u00e1t tr\u0103m tr\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra m\u1ed9 d\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 khai kh\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea5t hoang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh trao cho ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1. N\u0103m 1859, khi qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111em d\u00e2n binh theo qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p. N\u0103m 1861, sau khi \u0111\u1ed3n Ch\u00ed Ho\u00e0 th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng, chi\u00eau t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n s\u0129, m\u1ed9 th\u00eam d\u00e2n binh, r\u00e8n \u0111\u00fac v\u0169 kh\u00ed, t\u00edch tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c\u2026 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 6.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng cho qu\u00e2n \u0111i ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn \u1edf G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng, T\u00e2n An, C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c\u2026, g\u00e2y cho qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. 182","Ho\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t (1862) bu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft 3 t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam K\u1ef3 cho Ph\u00e1p. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c V\u0129nh Long l\u00e0 Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n ra l\u1ec7nh \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi cho qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf l\u1ea1i phong cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c L\u00e3nh binh(1) tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 An Giang \u0111\u1ec3 giao \u0111\u1ea5t G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng cho Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh, \u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129, tr\u0103n tr\u1edf, ru\u1ed9t gan r\u1ed1i b\u1eddi. \u00d4ng v\u1eeba mu\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 con trai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u00f4ng \u0111i nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p. Sau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam suy ngh\u0129, b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, r\u1ed3i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngay sau \u0111\u1ea5y, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ban b\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh b\u00e3i binh. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7y u\u1ea5t h\u1eadn; h\u1ecd h\u00f4 to kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n. Ti\u1ebfng h\u00f4 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 xo\u00e1y v\u00e0o tim can Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng d\u1eebng ng\u1ef1a. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e2y quanh l\u1ea5y Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh. H\u1ea7u _______________ 1. L\u00e3nh binh: Quan v\u00f5, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf. 183","h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng, ra ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, trong tim \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eebng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u n\u00f3ng l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. \u00d4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1a, b\u1eaft tay, r\u1ed3i dang r\u1ed9ng tay \u00f4m l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, b\u00e0 con, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh h\u00f4 vang: \\\"Xin ch\u1ee7 so\u00e1i h\u00e3y \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng b\u00e0 con \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\". Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ecdng c\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 ngh\u1eb9n ng\u00e0o: - Th\u01b0a b\u00e0 con, th\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi! T\u00f4i l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea7m than, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, giang s\u01a1n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay k\u1ebb th\u00f9. T\u00f4i nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nay xin c\u00f9ng anh em, b\u00e0 con, c\u00f4 b\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadn phong so\u00e1i 184","Ti\u1ebfng h\u00f2 reo vang d\u1eady, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u00f4n \u00f4ng l\u00e0m B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t anh d\u0169ng. Ng\u00e0y 26-02-1863, Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 T\u00e2n Ho\u00e0 (G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng), ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng anh d\u0169ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u00fat v\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 T\u00e2n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Do tay sai d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. B\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh r\u00fat g\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20-8-1864. Con trai c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00ean T\u00e2y Ninh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Campuchia ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, t\u1ecfa \u0111i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. 185","CH\u00cd KH\u00cd HI\u00caN NGANG M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Hu\u00e2n Nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ed3 Hu\u00e2n Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00ean ch\u1eef l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7u Ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng An \u0110\u1ecbnh, huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u1ec9nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, nay thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh). Khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i thi m\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Tri ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh. Khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, \u00f4ng tham gia trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh. V\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, H\u1ed3 Hu\u00e2n Nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng binh l\u00ednh. Sau khi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u1edf T\u00e2n H\u00f2a b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1864, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e2y b\u1eaft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 huy\u1ec7n l\u1ef5 T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00ecm 186","m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 mua chu\u1ed9c, d\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh tra kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khai b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng khai m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi. B\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng ra ch\u00e9m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, H\u1ed3 Hu\u00e2n Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 run s\u1ee3. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng hi\u00ean ngang \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n th\u00f9: Th\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e2u d\u00e1m h\u1eefng h\u1edd L\u00e0m trai ngay th\u1ea3o quy\u1ebft t\u00f4n th\u1edd Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng nh\u1eafc Th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c ph\u01a1 187","L\u1ec4 \u0110\u0102NG QUANG V\u00c0 T\u1ebe TR\u1edcI CHO C\u00c1C VUA NGUY\u1ec4N L\u1ec5 \u0111\u0103ng quang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua Nguy\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t chu \u0111\u00e1o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eed l\u1ec5 m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y, B\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e0n Nam Giao, Th\u00e1i Mi\u1ebfu, Tri\u1ec7u Mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh c\u00e1o thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, li\u1ec7t th\u00e1nh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n Th\u00e1i Ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t 2 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, 2 ch\u00e2u \u00e1n, 2 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c \u1edf t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu b\u1ec7 r\u1ed3ng, 2 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1ea1c \u1edf t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu th\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00e0o canh n\u0103m ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, tr\u00ean l\u1ea7u Ng\u1ecd M\u00f4n gi\u00f3ng ba h\u1ed3i tr\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ean k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0i treo c\u1edd kh\u00e1nh h\u1ef7, t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh d\u00e0n b\u00e0y nghi th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u. T\u1eeb m\u1edd s\u00e1ng, khi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb xong, c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1ch quan v\u0103n v\u00f5 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ec1 t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n Th\u00e1i Ho\u00e0, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc k\u1ef3 l\u00e3o c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ef1c h\u1ea7u \u1edf hai b\u00ean s\u00e2n Ph\u00fa V\u0103n L\u00e2u khi Ty loan gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0a ki\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn r\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 vua t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh. Chu\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng vang l\u00ean, vua b\u01b0\u1edbc 188","xu\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean ngai v\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n Th\u00e1i Ho\u00e0. 9 ph\u00e1t s\u00fang l\u1ec7nh n\u1ed5 vang, h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7m nghi ng\u00fat v\u00e0 b\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t l\u1ea1y l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 t\u1ea5n t\u00f4n. B\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n quanh \u0111\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng Ng\u1ecd M\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 Vi\u00ean quan n\u1ed9i c\u00e1c k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n b\u01b0ng h\u00f2m \u0111\u1ef1ng kim s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean ho\u00e0ng \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngai v\u00e0ng. Quan \u0111\u1ecdc kim s\u00e1ch n\u00eau r\u00f5 di chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vua k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n suy t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n. Xong, c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady l\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp 5 l\u1ea1y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh h\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u m\u1eebng, nh\u00e0 vua d\u00f9ng \u1ea5n ng\u1ecdc, ban t\u1edd chi\u1ebfu\u2026 L\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh h\u1ea1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, nh\u00e0 vua r\u1eddi ngai v\u00e0ng, tr\u00ean l\u1ea7u Ng\u1ecd M\u00f4n b\u1eafn 9 ph\u00e1t s\u00fang l\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh, nh\u00e0 vua ng\u1ef1 l\u00ean b\u1ea3o to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed 189","nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng t\u1eed v\u00e0o l\u1ea1y m\u1eebng 5 l\u1ea1y. Xong vua v\u1ec1 cung ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u1eed \u2013 con tr\u1eddi. Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng ch\u00ed t\u00f4n, t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n sinh s\u00e1t, ban ph\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb con tr\u1eddi, \u201cthay tr\u1eddi tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n\u201d n\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf hi\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m con. Th\u1eddi Nguy\u1ec5n, l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0n Nam Giao v\u00e0o trung tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng Hai h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai (1890), tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 3 n\u0103m t\u1ebf l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i t\u1ebf). \u0110\u00e0n Nam Giao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1806, to\u1ea1 l\u1ea1c \u1edf l\u00e0ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u00e2n, ph\u00eda nam Kinh th\u00e0nh Hu\u1ebf, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u01a1n 10 hecta. Nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ebf, c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1, b\u1ed3i t\u1ebf l\u00e0 4 quan v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ty 4 t\u1ec9nh Nam, Ng\u00e3i, Tr\u1ecb, B\u00ecnh (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh). L\u1ec5 t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 nghi ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. 190","Ki\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf r\u1eddi Trai Cung t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n Nam Giao t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i cung \u0111\u00ecnh. 191","THI C\u1eec V\u00c0 QUAN L\u1ea0I TRI\u1ec0U NGUY\u1ec4N Quan l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi c\u1eed v\u1ec1 Nho h\u1ecdc, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 kinh. C\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf ba c\u1ea5p, thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 huy\u1ec7n l\u1ef5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00fa t\u00e0i\u201d, k\u1ef3 thi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ba n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u1edf th\u1ecb x\u00e3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u201cC\u1eed nh\u00e2n\u201d v\u00e0 thi \u0110\u00ecnh cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ba n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u201cTi\u1ebfn s\u1ef9\u201d. C\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u1eaft khe, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n th\u00ed sinh thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9, c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 thi ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t Tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, thi c\u1eed \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c quan \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb quan khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng 192","nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i b\u1ed9 hay \u0111i xe tay, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ec7u song loan do 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00eanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ecdng che (bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u1edbc), v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111i\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7u cau. Quan l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u00e1o d\u00e0i tr\u1eafng v\u1ea3i xa tanh c\u00f3 th\u00eau hoa v\u0103n, v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt quan ch\u1ee9c trong tri\u1ec1u. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 c\u00e1nh chu\u1ed3n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc, \u0111i h\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebf gi\u1ea5y b\u1ed3i. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1i, h\u1ecd qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c vua, \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ba l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2n ch\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp theo ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c ph\u1ea9m t\u1edbi c\u1eedu ph\u1ea9m, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean quan tr\u1ebb, th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ban, ph\u00f2ng; lo\u1ea1i cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn tam ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb quan cao c\u1ea5p, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ed1n v\u1ecb quan c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n C\u01a1 m\u1eadt, ban c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u00edn, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi vua trong cung hay ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a vua \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n C\u1ea7n Ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 v\u00e0o trong Ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh. 193","C\u00e1c quan t\u1ee9 ph\u1ea9m tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh - Vi\u1ec7n C\u01a1 M\u1eadt 194","NH\u1eeeNG T\u1ea4M BIA TI\u1ebeN S\u0128 T\u1ea0I V\u0102N MI\u1ebeU HU\u1ebe Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu Hu\u1ebf c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 34 t\u1ea5m bia, c\u00f3 2 bia kh\u1eafc t\u00ean c\u00e1c Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00f5 c\u1ee7a khoa thi \u1ea4t S\u1eedu (1865), Nh\u00e2m Th\u00ecn (1868) v\u00e0 K\u1ef7 T\u1ef5 (1869). C\u00f3 32 bia kh\u1eafc t\u00ean 293 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 ban v\u0103n c\u1ee7a 39 khoa thi g\u1ed3m 34 th\u01b0\u1eddng khoa v\u00e0 2 ch\u1ebf khoa(1), 3 \u00e2n khoa(2), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 thi n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Ng\u1ecd, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 3 (1822), k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng khoa thi n\u0103m K\u1ef7 M\u00f9i, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 4 (1919). - Tri\u1ec1u vua Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 6 khoa thi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1822, 1826, 1829, 1832, 1835, 1838. - Tri\u1ec1u vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 5 khoa thi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1841, 1844, 1847 v\u00e0 hai \u00e2n khoa n\u0103m 1842 v\u00e0 1843. _______________ 1. Khoa thi do \u00fd vua m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi khoa thi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. 2. Khoa thi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i k\u00ec h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ti\u1ec7c vui m\u1eebng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c. 195","- Tri\u1ec1u vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 16 khoa thi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 ch\u1ebf khoa. - Tri\u1ec1u vua Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u00fac c\u00f3 1 \u00e2n khoa n\u0103m 1884. - Tri\u1ec1u vua Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 7 khoa thi. - Tri\u1ec1u vua Duy T\u00e2n c\u00f3 2 khoa thi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1910 v\u00e0 1913. - Tri\u1ec1u vua Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 2 khoa thi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1916 v\u00e0 1919. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m bia t\u1ea1i V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu Hu\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau: 1. \u0110\u1ed7 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u00f3 3 v\u1ecb Tam nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u0169 Ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0m, Nguy\u1ec5n Khuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Hy T\u0103ng (B\u00edch San). Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Tr\u1ea7n Hy T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u Li\u00ean tr\u00fang Tam nguy\u00ean (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 3 k\u1ef3 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng, thi H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi \u0110\u00ecnh), v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 V\u0169 Ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t gi\u00e1p. Danh hi\u1ec7u B\u1ea3ng nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 V\u0169 Duy Thanh th\u01b0\u1eddng khoa T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 4 (1851). Danh hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e1m hoa c\u00f3 7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, g\u1ed3m Mai Anh Tu\u1ea5n khoa thi Qu\u00fd M\u00e3o (1843), Phan D\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u1ea1o khoa thi \u0110inh M\u00f9i (1847), Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Hi\u1ec7p khoa thi T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i (1851), Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Giao, khoa thi Qu\u00fd S\u1eedu (1853), Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea3n khoa thi B\u00ednh 196","Th\u00ecn (1856), V\u0169 Ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0m khoa thi Nh\u00e2m Th\u00ecn (1892). 2. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tu\u1ed5i cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Duy \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed7 Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 V\u0169 Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ec7 Tam gi\u00e1p Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed7 khi 55 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 B\u00f9i \u00c2n Ni\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban phong h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 khi \u0111\u00e3 59 tu\u1ed5i. 3. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn, \u0110inh V\u0103n Ch\u1ea5p, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ni\u00eam \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed7 khi 21 tu\u1ed5i, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 L\u00ea H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed7 l\u00fac 22 tu\u1ed5i, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Tr\u00e2m, Nguy\u1ec5n S\u0129 Gi\u00e1c, B\u00f9i K\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed7 khi 23 tu\u1ed5i. 4. C\u00f3 hai gia \u0111\u00ecnh ba \u0111\u1eddi li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 g\u1ed3m h\u1ecd Ho\u00e0ng (Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ef1, Ho\u00e0ng T\u1ebf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng T\u01b0\u1edbng Hi\u1ec7p) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0110inh (\u0110inh V\u0103n Ph\u00e1c, \u0110inh V\u0103n Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110inh V\u0103n Ch\u1ea5p), gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 cha v\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed7 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed \u0111\u0103ng khoa nh\u01b0 cha con B\u00f9i \u0110\u00ecnh B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 B\u00f9i \u01af\u1edbc, Phan Tam T\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 Phan Tr\u1ecdng M\u01b0u, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Kham... \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ng\u0169 ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ec1 phi \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng Nam g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong khoa c\u1eed tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o khoa n\u0103m M\u1eadu Tu\u1ea5t, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 4 (1908), c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam \u0111\u0103ng khoa, g\u1ed3m 3 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Li\u1ec7u (x\u00e3 Tr\u1eebng Giang, huy\u1ec7n Di\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee7 \u0110i\u1ec7n B\u00e0n), Phan Quang (x\u00e3 197","Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, huy\u1ec7n Qu\u1ebf S\u01a1n, ph\u1ee7 Th\u0103ng B\u00ecnh), Ph\u1ea1m Tu\u1ea5n (th\u00f4n Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i, huy\u1ec7n Di\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee7 \u0110i\u1ec7n B\u00e0n) v\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed7 Ph\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 Tru\u00e2n (x\u00e3 C\u1ea9m Sa, huy\u1ec7n Di\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee7 \u0110i\u1ec7n B\u00e0n), D\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ebfn Ti\u1ebfn (x\u00e3 C\u1ea9m L\u0169, huy\u1ec7n Di\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee7 \u0110i\u1ec7n B\u00e0n). C\u00e1c quan l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef3 thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng 5. Trong s\u1ed1 bia Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i V\u0103n mi\u1ebfu Hu\u1ebf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m bia n\u0103m Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 2 (1890) ch\u1ec9 kh\u1eafc t\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u00e0 B\u00f9i \u00c2n Ni\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa c\u1eed h\u01a1n 800 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ef1c ra tri\u1ec1u vua Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf khoa thi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1ea5m bia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch 198"]