CON ĐƯỜNG VIỆT NAM

["m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. \u00d4ng H\u00e0 S\u0129 Phu ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u201d s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng tin khi ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch quy t\u1ed9i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00ec d\u1eabu cho ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t th\u1ef1c tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, sau d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u, d\u1eabu cho ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec sau d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c\u201d. V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 30-6-1944, \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01a3\u1edbc 1988 v\u1eabn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 ra \u0111\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a t\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Ch\u00ednh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00f3p \u00fd b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o \u201cTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng\u201d, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cH\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng\u201d. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 6-2006, \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Ch\u00ednh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0: \u201cb\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, bao dung, c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, an b\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n\u201d. L\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng l\u00e0: \u201cLi\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o trong n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n h\u01a3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh trong \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u01a3\u1eddng v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7, \u00f4ng Hu\u1ef3nh V\u0103n Ti\u1ec3ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng Th\u01a3 k\u00fd Ho\u00e0ng Minh Ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01a3 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea3ng. B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1ed3i b\u00e1o Thanh Ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn g\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y. Nh\u01a3ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khai tr\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, \u00f4ng Hu\u1ef3nh V\u0103n Ti\u1ec3ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean t\u1eebng trong Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi 1945 v\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7, \u00f4ng V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh H\u00f2e nay 95 tu\u1ed5i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Ch\u00ednh ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7n nay gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef cu\u1ed1n b\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Ch\u00ednh g\u1eedi th\u01a3 khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3a th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y ra d\u01a3 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Khi ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7, \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, \u0111a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, tham nh\u0169ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 d\u00e2n sinh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 xu h\u01a3\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tham gia v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng xem \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u00f4ng khai. \u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9-2006, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed1i 8406, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Trong \u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn, lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb C\u00f4ng Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. Th\u00e1ng 6-2006, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Ba Lan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Warszawa, nh\u01a3ng tr\u01a3\u1edbc khi m\u00e1y bay c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh, T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c An ninh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n chuy\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 ngay t\u1ea1i N\u1ed9i B\u00e0i. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 c\u0169ng t\u1eebng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 37\/2006\/CT-TTg c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 th\u00ec t\u00f4i xin kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 37-TTG ng\u00e0y 29\/11\/2006 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi hi\u1ebfn\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 2-2007, \u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Phong b\u1ecb b\u1eaft vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01a3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u00ec 200","anh Nguy\u1ec5n Phong l\u00e0 tr\u01a3\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01a3 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 theo lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 th\u00ec: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01a3\u1eddng trong qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01a3 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i\u201d. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Nguy\u1ec5n Phong \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n tham gia Ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Li\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng L\u1ea1c H\u1ed3ng n\u00ean c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01a3 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n Li\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng L\u1ea1c H\u1ed3ng. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 cho r\u1eb1ng Ban \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2-2007, nh\u01a3ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 Ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cv\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01a3\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01a3 b\u00ecnh th\u01a3\u1eddng\u201d. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n \u0110\u1ea3ng Th\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cXin c\u00e1m \u01a1n C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ed3 d\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u01a3a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7t vong\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 3-2007, c\u01a1 quan an ninh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thu\u1ed9c C\u00f4ng an H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1, b\u1eaft t\u1ea1m giam lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 - ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n vi\u00ean L\u00ea Th\u1ecb C\u00f4ng Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i danh tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam, lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb C\u00f4ng Nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cS\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng: Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng\u201d. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1m ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo d\u00f5i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Human Rights Watch trao gi\u1ea3i th\u01a3\u1edfng n\u0103m 2008. M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 m\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i 28 nh\u01a3ng tinh th\u1ea7n ki\u00ean c\u01a3\u1eddng, l\u00fd l\u1ebd v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng! L 1946: , x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0y nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu t\u00e1i l\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng. Theo \u00f4ng: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, m\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c\u201d. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean so v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 83 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01a3 v\u1eady \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. B\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1ee7y ban v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p. Sau khi so\u1ea1n ra \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u01a3\u01a1ng l\u0129nh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, \u1ee7y ban n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, th\u0103m d\u00f2 d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo \u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t, xem nh\u01a3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p hay \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd. V\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, \u00f4ng tin t\u01a3\u1edfng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ra quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ban cho c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i cho h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1eb7ng Qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o \u00d4ng sinh n\u0103m 1928 t\u1ea1i Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 \u1ee7y vi\u00ean Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i IV n\u0103m 1976, Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01a3\u1edfng Tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u00ed th\u01a3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng \u0110o\u00e0n Thanh ni\u00ean, r\u1ed3i Th\u1ee9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, Tr\u01a3\u1edfng Ban Khoa gi\u00e1o Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01a3\u1eddi h\u1ecdc xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, \u00f4ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Thuy\u1ebft T\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd b\u1edfi Thuy\u1ebft Quantum (c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u01a3\u1ee3ng t\u1eed) nh\u1eb1m thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn Marx-Lenin, soi \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng cho th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u1ea7n v\u01a3\u01a1n t\u1edbi ph\u00eda tr\u01a3\u1edbc n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01a3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean sai l\u1ea7m. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c-x\u00edt \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh chung l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho ra \u0111\u1eddi CNTB v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01a3\u1ee1ng CNTB\u201d, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01a3\u1ee3t \u201cCNTB mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 CNCS l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 CNTB. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cs\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi\u201d, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 201","v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01a3ng: v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a sinh th\u00e1i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tham gia Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u00f4ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: \u201cNg\u01a3\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i b\u01a3\u1edbng, c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u! Nh\u01a3ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ee9!\u201d \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc. N\u0103m 1981, \u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00f4ng Tr\u01a3\u1eddng Chinh r\u1eb1ng CNCS \u0111ang b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ra kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110o\u00e0n thanh ni\u00ean v\u00ec t\u01a3\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n! Sau n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, \u00f4ng khuy\u00ean tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ec5 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n, cao h\u01a1n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 cha anh, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u01a3\u1ee3t qua tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u01a3\u1edfng, tr\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, ph\u00f4 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng, h\u01a3 danh. \u00d4ng g\u00f3p \u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb ch\u01a3a r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u0103ng-x\u00ea b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111o th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7, v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i, s\u1ed1ng tr\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Th\u1eddi c\u01a1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. Th\u00e1ng 7-2003, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c m\u1eddi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i chi b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1eeda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u0129 quan cao c\u1ea5p ngh\u1ec9 h\u01a3u. Theo \u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u201cgi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh\u201d nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi mafia, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111en. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con em gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u01a3\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e1c nh\u1edd ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 hay b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng. Cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu nh\u01a3 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111i t\u1edbi chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 6-2009, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ra s\u1ee9c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u01a3ng trong gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao tu\u1ed5i \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n nhau n\u0103m trang t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u00f4ng \u0110\u1eb7ng Qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o do hai nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01a3u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201cTr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01a3a ai m\u01a3u s\u00e2u nh\u01a3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u01a3a ai x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1, nham hi\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ef5 bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 bi\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u2026 Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u, m\u1ea1nh, tham... l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda\u201d. V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01a3ng thi\u1ebfu ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01a3 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01a3\u1ee3c, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i lo mi\u1ebfng c\u01a1m manh \u00e1o; thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh sinh vi\u00ean g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, r\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ecb ru ng\u1ee7, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Thanh ni\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n thanh ni\u00ean c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n; gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: thi\u1ebfu ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd, thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e0o l\u01a3u, thi\u1ebfu phong tr\u00e0o. Theo \u00f4ng, tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u01a3a h\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. V\u1eady m\u00e0 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nay \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee9 h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cB\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 theo?\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a bao r\u1ed1i ren x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb. Sau n\u0103m 1945, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n tr\u01a3\u1eddng lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn trong ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 oan khi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thi\u1ebfu lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111ang th\u00e2u t\u00f3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gh\u00ea g\u1edbm, l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, bi\u1ebfn ng\u01a3\u1eddi th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y x\u01a3a, con ng\u01a3\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn, sau l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u01a3 b\u1ea3n, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n - Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01a3a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c! \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCNTB ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf CNTB\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i tham gia lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. T\u1ed1ng V\u0103n C\u00f4ng \u00d4ng t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi 50 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. V\u1edbi b\u00fat danh Thi\u1ec7n \u00dd, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o: \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5\u201d. B\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong t\u01a3 duy \u00f4n h\u00f2a nh\u01a3ng mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 th\u1ebb \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eebng qua th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng n\u00eau hai hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay: n\u1ed9i x\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u201cgi\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i x\u00e2m\u201d l\u00e0 ai? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p, n\u1ed9i b\u00e1o \u201cleo cao chui s\u00e2u\u201d v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01a3 v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c 2, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch: tham \u00f4, 202","l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau, d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u2026 \u0110\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y v\u00ec sao n\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i x\u00e2m lan r\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m qua ba th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u201c\u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u\u201d. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u1ea5y so s\u00e1nh trong t\u01a3\u01a1ng quan c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec: \u201c t\u1ed9c. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c . Nh\u01a3ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 gieo m\u1ea7m tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00ec \u201cngu trung \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7\u201d, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng minh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3ng minh chi\u1ebfn l\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u201cu\u1ed1n d\u1ea7n theo \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d. C\u00f2n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thay v\u00ec d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn . \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, gi\u1eabm ch\u00e2n nh\u00f9ng nh\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb trong l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i \u0111i: . V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng an v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf . Nh\u01a3ng \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01a3\u1edbc. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 XHCN trong khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7\u201d, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: \u201dTrong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o!\u201d V\u1ec1 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, x\u01a3a nay \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n cho l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1eed - D\u00e2n b\u1ea7u\u201d. V\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u1eadp trung \u1edf Ba \u0110\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ecb g\u1eadt\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdp sau khi B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 - \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, t\u01a3\u1edfng \u0111\u00f9a m\u00e0 cay \u0111\u1eafng: \u201cC\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i, c\u1ea7u mong m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0y t\u1edb cho c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u1edd!\u201d B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00eau ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o sai l\u1ec7ch, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ef1c \u0111oan ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ri\u00eang \u1edf nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01a3\u1eddi t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. V\u1eady m\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, l\u1eafng nghe ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u1ea5y, ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd. Tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u sai l\u1ea7m, l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. So v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00e1ch, Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy b\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u00f4ng T\u1ed1ng V\u0103n C\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Nh\u01a3ng s\u1ef1 b\u01a3ng b\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng khai v\u1eabn l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm. C\u00f9 Huy H\u00e0 V\u0169 \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u0103n ch\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, hi\u1ec7n m\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 tham gia nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. N\u0103m 2005, \u00f4ng ki\u1ec7n \u1ee6y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec9nh Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean - Hu\u1ebf c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Life Resort tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i V\u1ecdng C\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p d\u01a3 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea3nh quan v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng th\u1eafng ki\u1ec7n, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf. N\u0103m 2006, \u00f4ng n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a - Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ea1n vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n n\u00fap b\u00f3ng d\u01a3\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ea5n h\u01a3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7, b\u1edfi tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng cao c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i trong Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng c\u1eed n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. N\u0103m 2007, \u00f4ng ki\u1ec7n B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a - Th\u00f4ng tin l\u1eadp ra ph\u00f2ng l\u01a3u ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ed3i th\u01a3\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n cho nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Th\u00e1ng 6-2009, \u00f4ng ki\u1ec7n Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng v\u1ec1 k\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khai th\u00e1c bauxit T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. Theo \u00f4ng, Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 sai ph\u1ea1m trong ban h\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. T\u00f2a \u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n cho \u00f4ng v\u00ec 203","\u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y\u201d. \u00d4ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao nh\u01a3ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01a1n: \\\"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: ng\u01a3\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo, \u0111\u01a3a ra lu\u1eadt nh\u01a3ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec t\u00f2a \u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u201d. V\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1p l\u00fd Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c hoan ngh\u00eanh lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 H\u00e0 V\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u201cgi\u00f3ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i\u201d gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u1ea3i Thanh Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \\\"B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, anh ta (H\u00e0 V\u0169) s\u1ebd lay \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i tim, th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u201d. L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ed h\u1eefu L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01a3, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadt trong n\u01a3\u1edbc, \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng ng\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Pantheon - Assas (Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng Fulbright (Hoa K\u1ef3), h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sorbonnes v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a cao h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tulane - Columbia (Hoa K\u1ef3). N\u0103m 1989, \u00f4ng tham gia sinh ho\u1ea1t trong \u0110o\u00e0n lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00f3 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n tham gia Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 Hoa K\u1ef3, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01a3\u01a1ng, Qu\u1ef9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt cho b\u00e1o ch\u00ed trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111a nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo \u00f4ng: \\\"\u0110a nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u2026 \u0110a nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 mi\u1ec5n b\u00e0n c\u00e3i\u201d. N\u0103m 2007, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201cH\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng\u201d hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u201cV\u01a3\u01a1n ra bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u00e0i \u201cH\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n XHCN\u201d n\u00eau m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi hi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. B\u00e0i \u201cNh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201d b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn nay: \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, tra t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch m\u00e0 theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u201cb\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i v\u00ec nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u01a3\u01a1ng tri\u201d. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c phong h\u1ecdc h\u00e0m h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u201ctrang tr\u00ed\u201d ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, cho n\u00ean \u201cch\u01a3a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng\u201d. \u00d4ng tham gia nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 v\u0169 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 6-2009, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng an b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i danh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u 88, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i \u201cl\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n theo \u0111i\u1ec1u 79 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee3t v\u1edbi L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7 - \u201cT\u1eadp h\u1ee3p . . Th\u00e1ng 3-2006, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft g\u1eedi b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. N\u0103m 2006, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u201cPhong tr\u00e0o D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n th\u01a3 g\u1eedi T\u1ed5ng th\u01a3 k\u00fd LHQ, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01a3\u1edbc \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f9ng tham gia l\u1eadp ra \u201cH\u1ed9i D\u00e2n oan\u201d. - ) Tr\u1ea7n Hu\u1ef3nh Duy Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng kinh doanh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 mua C\u00f4ng ty Mligo Solution, mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VoIp (giao th\u1ee9c Internet) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Cty Global EIS. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kinh doanh, Tr\u1ea7n Hu\u1ef3nh Duy Th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n , vi\u1ebft \u0111\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m, k\u00fd th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n th\u01a3 \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do. B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Hoa K\u1ef3 cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft giam m\u1ed9t ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef \u0111i ng\u01a3\u1ee3c v\u1edbi cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn Trung v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u00f4n h\u00f2a, qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn giam gi\u1eef v\u00e0 quy ch\u1ee5p t\u1ed9i danh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c d\u01a3 lu\u1eadn trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. 204","Cu\u1ed1i 2009, Tr\u1ea7n Anh Kim ra t\u00f2a t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i x\u00e9t x\u1eed phi\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean \u00e1n 5 n\u0103m 6 th\u00e1ng t\u00f9 giam. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2010, nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ra t\u00f2a t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. Phi\u00ean t\u00f2a t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t: ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i x\u1eed m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i trong khi t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft \u00e1n r\u1ea5t nhanh, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng an m\u1eb7c th\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1ed3i k\u00edn ph\u00f2ng x\u1eed \u00e1n trong khi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a3a ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, khi lu\u1eadn t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i th\u00ec \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01a3ng ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o th\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecfng, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1eaft x\u00e9n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu che gi\u1ea5u t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec k\u1ebft \u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 n\u0103m t\u00f9 trong khi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n 16 n\u0103m t\u00f9 d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01a3 nhau, vi ph\u1ea1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1eabn k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i theo \u0111i\u1ec1u 79 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1, sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c chung c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026 Phi\u00ean t\u00f2a g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i cho r\u1eb1ng phi\u00ean x\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, m\u1ee9c \u00e1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111i ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra \u201cnghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch\u201d. . \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 \u0110an M\u1ea1ch Peter Lysholt nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t x\u1eed t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u201cquan ng\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\u201d. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Human Rights Watch (HRW) c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1n t\u00f9 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch ASEAN cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u201ccoi th\u01a3\u1eddng cam k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n trong kh\u1ed1i\u201d. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00c2n x\u00e1 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Amnesty International) ngay sau phi\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t x\u1eed l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd\u201d: b\u1ecb c\u00e1o m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa, t\u00f2a \u00e1n thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, b\u1ea3n \u00e1n vi\u1ebft tr\u01a3\u1edbc r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u00fd nhanh g\u1ecdn cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi xem nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng hoang t\u01a3\u1edfng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9\u201d tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. Trong n\u01a3\u1edbc, gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 Chi t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t \u201cng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n tr\u01a3\u1edbc tin lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft\u201d. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef\u201d. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u00f5 Th\u1ecb H\u1ea3o nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh so v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i th\u1eadt, nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ec \u201cL\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang\u201d. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ed h\u1eefu tham gia ph\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u1ea5m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng\u201d. Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft giam v\u00e0 x\u00e9t x\u1eed, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed k\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u201cl\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam bu\u1ed3n, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang bu\u1ed3n\u201d. Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u201cH\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean\u201d, H\u00f2a th\u01a3\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ed9 tuy \u0111\u00e3 cao tu\u1ed5i nh\u01a3ng v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n minh m\u1eabn, nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ee5 x\u1eed \u00e1n L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ed h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sai l\u1ea7m, khuynh lo\u00e1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u01a3u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u201ctay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5c s\u1eaft\u201d, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01a3\u1edbc tai h\u1ecda t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u01a3\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u01a3u t\u01a3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u201cch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e1i ho\u00e0i\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u201cgi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n giam t\u00f9 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, khi\u1ebfn d\u01a3 lu\u1eadn trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ph\u1eabn, khinh mi\u1ec7t\u201d. C\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb trong n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01a3\u1eddi m\u00e1y\u201d. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay l\u01a3\u01a1ng tri, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb: tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1! H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u01a3\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng - th\u01a3\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch X.2, Z.30 hay ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u201cxi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i\u201d\u2026 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u201cng\u01a3\u1eddi m\u00e1y\u201d ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh: t\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t! C\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u01a3\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn: \u201cC\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a3\u1ee1i c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u1ea3!\u201d. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i qua c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m Th\u00e1ng 9-2009, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: \u201cM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean CNXH \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n\u201d gi\u1eefa H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh 205","t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. G\u1ea7n 80 tham lu\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 - ti\u1ebfn s\u0129: \u201cM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi v\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi g\u1eafn v\u1ebf sau v\u00e0o, t\u1ee9c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 XHCN th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua. Khi v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00ec lo s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o theo h\u1ec7 t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1eafn th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 \u201ct\u00e0n d\u01a3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng\u201d. Cho n\u00ean, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng m\u1edbi, c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng XHCN qu\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01a3\u1ee3ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec: kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ra \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, nh\u01a3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng XHCN ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u! \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201ckinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng XHCN. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean CNTB\u201d. Xin m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u00e0n th\u00eam v\u1ec1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng t\u01a3 duy \u201cs\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01a3 L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n th\u1eddi bao c\u1ea5p khi cho r\u1eb1ng ba ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u1ea5y g\u1ed3m: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u00ecm ra l\u1eeda, th\u1ee9 hai t\u00ecm ra kim lo\u1ea1i, th\u1ee9 ba thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00ecm ra l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3! Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng XHCN ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng - B\u1ed9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao Ph\u1ea1m Gia Khi\u00eam trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd b\u00e0 Susan Schwab v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1edbm c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edfng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u01a3u \u0111\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t trong n\u01a3\u1edbc tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft g\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo chu\u1ea9n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1eb3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng? Kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i! M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng - Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 - h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u01a3ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01a3\u1eddi. V\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng XHCN kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01a3 duy kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch. C\u0169ng xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Jim Winkler, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh: \u201cC\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb hai m\u01a3\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i\u201d. Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng XHCN, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho t\u1ed3n vong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 tham lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc Hi\u00ean: \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eaft x\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo xu h\u01a3\u1edbng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf: \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng khi nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u01a3a ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng quan li\u00eau, tham nh\u0169ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n khi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f2n ch\u01a3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d. Theo \u00f4ng, c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb, thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u0103ng tr\u01a3\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01a3 xu th\u1ebf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Xu th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3n h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01a3\u01a1ng lai\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0u c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 con ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean hay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u01a3 duy t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y? M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o sau khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Thi\u1ec7n \u00dd b\u1ecb b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea3ng trong n\u01a3\u1edbc k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d nh\u01a3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. N\u1ed9i dung h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o g\u1ea7n nh\u01a3 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u1ed1ng V\u0103n C\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau: \u201cSu\u1ed1t 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee9 kh\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n kh\u1ea5t l\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng XHCN c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung g\u00ec\u201d. Cho n\u00ean, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea3ng tr\u00e1nh th\u00eam, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0m \u201ctrung h\u00f2a\u201d ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u201ch\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t\u201d m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u201cl\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i\u201d? Hay h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o s\u1ebd b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a3\u1edbng m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i 206","\u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2011? D\u00f9 sao, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn phi M\u00e1c-x\u00edt \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng khai, soi r\u1ecdi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c khu\u1ea5t trong l\u00fd lu\u1eadn do t\u01a3 duy ch\u1ee7 quan b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00fang t\u00fang nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra. Tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cs\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n\u201d, l\u00e0 \u201cx\u1ea3 l\u0169\u201d trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea3ng lu\u00f4n \u1edf vai tr\u00f2 kh\u1edfi x\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1eeb trong t\u01a3 duy, l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00eam nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u01a3\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u1edf h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 n\u00ean l\u1eadp ra c\u01a3\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tham lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1ed5 sung C\u01a3\u01a1ng l\u0129nh 1991. S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01a3ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c sai l\u1ec7ch, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafp v\u00e1 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169 n\u00e1t m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 Ho\u00e0ng T\u1ee5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 7-2009, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m tr\u00ean b\u00e1o m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed di\u1ec5n ra. Nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng V\u0169 Khoan cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u01a3\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi, c\u1ea7n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng say, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01a3ng c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01a3\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u01a3\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi sai l\u1ea7m. Bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, XHCN s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc khi ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eabn g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu. Nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f3 Ban T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh H\u01a3\u01a1ng quan t\u00e2m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 qua \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i. Theo \u00f4ng, l\u00e2u nay c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng khai, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea7u c\u1eed s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n minh b\u1ea1ch, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u00f2ng ph\u1eb3ng. \u1ede c\u1ea5p trung \u01a3\u01a1ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea7u T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01a3, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ban B\u00ed th\u01a3. \u1ede c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea7u B\u00ed th\u01a3, Ban Th\u01a3\u1eddng v\u1ee5. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c danh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p t\u1eeb T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01a3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung v\u00e0 nh\u01a3 nhau. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 sai \u1edf v\u00e0i t\u1ec9nh hay v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh, nh\u01a3ng n\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u1ea5p trung \u01a3\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01a3\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn sai th\u00ec h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t gh\u00ea g\u1edbm. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nghe d\u00e2n\u2026 Th\u1ef1c ra, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cki\u1ebfn b\u00f2 mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00e9n\u201d, m\u1ed9t khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed ng\u01a3\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u1eed tri c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng C\u00f9 Huy H\u00e0 V\u0169 t\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 n\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n. C\u00f3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a3\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t sai l\u1ea7m, khi v\u1ec1 h\u01a3u m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. Nh\u01a3ng d\u00f9 sao, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng khai c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eebng b\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. To\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn mong ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng qua nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn \u1ea3nh h\u01a3\u1edfng l\u1edbn. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00f4 l\u00e3o d\u1ef1 h\u1ecdp s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00f4 l\u00e3o t\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng t\u00e2m Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp, ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n di\u1ec5n ra c\u00f4ng khai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f9 d\u1eadp, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u khi gay g\u1eaft quy tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t trong c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 40% \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u hay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01a3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ed9i dung mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111o\u00e0n, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf tr\u01a3\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n - ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u201c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d. Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n. Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ed9i dung chi\u1ebfm 207","\u0111a ph\u1ea7n th\u01a3\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh mang t\u00ednh v\u0129 m\u00f4\u2026 C\u00f3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u1edf trung \u01a3\u01a1ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng cao, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u s\u00e1t nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam: c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01a3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc n\u00f3n l\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fap thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i khi c\u00e0ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh, nh\u01a3ng quy m\u00f4 b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc n\u00f3n l\u1eadt ng\u1eeda c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00f2ng ch\u00e0nh khi c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao. C\u0169ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 qua ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng t\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng th\u01a3\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng phu, c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i th\u01a3\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hay r\u01a1i v\u00e0o im l\u1eb7ng. \u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng n\u00eau ra s\u00e1u b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m 147 s\u00e2n g\u00f4n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t san b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng h\u00f3a qua x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ea5t \u0111i 72.000 ha ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa, c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh ngh\u00e8o, ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00ec so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khung ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ch\u01a3a g\u1eafn n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, cao \u1ed1c V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng II \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n x\u00e2y l\u00ean v\u1edbi 6,3 tri\u1ec7u m2 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho thu\u00ea, th\u00eam n\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y quy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i\u2026 T\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp th\u00e1ng 5-2009, \u00f4ng D\u01a3\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01a3\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan, \u0111\u01a3a ra ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau cao \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 thi \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. V\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d trong khi ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u201cb\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u01a3a t\u01a3\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1eafn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d. V\u1ec1 khai th\u00e1c bauxit, \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00e2u nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nay qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn? \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01a3\u1eddng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u201c\u00fd \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n\u201d hay gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch?\u201d. Trong tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho nhau ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ch quan. Tr\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c Kh\u00e1nh \u0111o\u00e0n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u00e9m ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nay, Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng nghe c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1ea5t t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u1edbi d\u00e2n (kh\u00f4ng quan li\u00eau xa r\u1eddi d\u00e2n), s\u1ed1 tham nh\u0169ng v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t (tham nh\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf), \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chi b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u1edfng c\u01a1 quan n\u00ean c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay (y\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00e0 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lan tr\u00e0n). M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, khu bi\u1ec7t t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00e1ng ra, sau tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ti\u1ebfp: b\u1ec7nh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o gian ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c? D\u00e2n ta n\u00f3i \u201ccon s\u00e2u l\u00e0m r\u1ea7u n\u1ed3i canh\u201d, v\u00f4 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01a3\u1eddi x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01a3\u1eddi t\u1ed1t m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chi b\u1ed9 n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 bao che v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 lo s\u1ee3? L\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng tin v\u00e0o ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c chi b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u1edfng c\u01a1 quan c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u201cthanh g\u01a3\u01a1m c\u00f4ng l\u00fd\u201d trong x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Cam k\u1ebft bao tr\u00f9m v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d do LHQ ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n n\u0103m 1948, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam tham gia LHQ \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01a3\u1edbc r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem n\u1ed9i dung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u 11: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean t\u00f2a c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i cung \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a3\u01a1ng s\u1ef1\u201d. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01a3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01a3a ra nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i 208","tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh VTV Truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t \u0111i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i tr\u01a3\u1edbc khi di\u1ec5n ra phi\u00ean t\u00f2a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u 14: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01a3 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n\u201d. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 ngang nhi\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u 18: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2026, t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay t\u00edn ng\u01a3\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi t\u01a3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng hay n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n ri\u00eang, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o\u201d. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eaft giam, th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 ph\u00e1 s\u1eadp, ng\u01a3\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb c\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh hung v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3, linh m\u1ee5c ra t\u00f2a b\u1ecb b\u1ecbt mi\u1ec7ng kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00f3i, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u1eddi v\u00e0 vu oan, bao nhi\u00eau v\u1ecb h\u00f2a th\u01a3\u1ee3ng trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9\u2026 \u0110i\u1ec1u 19: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\u2026 t\u1ef1 do t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng qua m\u1ecdi ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 th\u00eam ra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p, \u0111e d\u1ecda, h\u00e0nh hung, giam gi\u1eef, x\u00e9t x\u1eed k\u00edn, quy ch\u1ee5p th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 hay l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u 20: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00f4n h\u00f2a. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u01a3\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3\u201d. Trong khi to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. H\u1ea7u nh\u01a3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do th\u1ee5 h\u01a3\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 60 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi (10-12-2009), ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n LHQ \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u00eau trong b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ea7n 60 n\u0103m. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tham gia \u201cC\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc vi ph\u1ea1m cam k\u1ebft tr\u01a3\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01a3u \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u2026, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01a3\u1edbc lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n: C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef; C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c; C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01a3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb em trong xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ebb em trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m v\u00e0 tranh \u1ea3nh khi\u00eau d\u00e2m; C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c (Apacthai); C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i; C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc s\u1ed1 5 v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc s\u1ed1 100 v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef; C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc s\u1ed1 111 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, 08 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7\u2026 \u1ede l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u0169ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i nh\u01a3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01a3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ng\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i, h\u01a1n 5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01a3\u01a1ng b\u1ec7nh binh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn v\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. V\u1ec1 08 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f9ng 109 qu\u1ed1c gia cam k\u1ebft ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 g\u1ed3m: x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o; ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc; t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef; gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong tr\u1ebb em; t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u00e0 m\u1eb9; ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng HIV\/S, s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01a3\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfn l\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, y t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp trong kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01a3, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ngo\u1ea1i, khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2026 Sau 25 n\u0103m nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb 209","em \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf ngay s\u00e1t H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u01a3 ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng nghe th\u1ea5y, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u00e0n thu ti\u1ec1n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u1ea1 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m li\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01a3\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng d\u01a3\u1eddng nh\u01a3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 bao nhi\u00eau n\u1ed9i dung trong 8 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc k\u00fd k\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01a3\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng do ch\u1ee7 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i? M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 150 c\u1ee7a WTO qua h\u01a1n m\u01a3\u1eddi n\u0103m \u201cki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n\u201d. Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a WTO. M\u01a3\u1eddi n\u0103m \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \u01a3u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh, l\u1eadp ra t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ty, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n trong n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 ra n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u1ea5y. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9-1977 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 149 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng LHQ, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11\/2006 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 150 c\u1ee7a WTO. V\u00ec sao Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n 30 n\u0103m nh\u01a3 v\u1eady? Sau khi v\u00e0o WTO, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf do tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng l\u00fang t\u00fang k\u00e9o d\u00e0i khi c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t x\u1eed ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong n\u01a3\u1edbc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u01a3 nh\u00e2n giao d\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i thua nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01a3 n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng, b\u1eaft tay tham nh\u0169ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c\u2026 B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i mang l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra khi m\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u01a3a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ngay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng tay ngh\u1ec1 cao v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam do th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. N\u0103m 2005, khi tham gia \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0o WTO, Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng V\u0169 Khoan cam k\u1ebft l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh: \u201cTrong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 2010, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o\u201d. Nay \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 2010, cam k\u1ebft \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 xa v\u1eddi. \u00d4ng Jordan Ryan, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n LHQ t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh m\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hay g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a3a ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng suy ngh\u0129: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01a3\u1edfng, ngo\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n\u201d. Khi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cam k\u1ebft chung, thay v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cam k\u1ebft h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp nhanh theo xu h\u01a3\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m thu\u00ea. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m cam k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0: n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi nh\u00ecn \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i k\u00e9m, kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng minh b\u1ea1ch, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u01a3a c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u01a3a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, y t\u1ebf ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb k\u00ecm ch\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1eabn do \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01a3\u1edbng ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf. C\u1ea7n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u01a3u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc. C\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf phe c\u00e1nh g\u00e2y l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 chia nhau khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, r\u00fat ru\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n, \u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c\u2026 V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00fd l\u1ecbch, ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng lan r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o 210","\u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c khuynh lo\u00e1t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh x\u1eed. C\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edfng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, chia gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi, thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hay c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01a3\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00f3i chung ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. C\u1ea7n trung h\u00f2a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u1eefa n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, gi\u1eefa mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh. C\u1ea7n xem \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edfng c\u00e1c ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ban \u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng \u01a1n, xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c sai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ngay t\u1eeb trong suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda. C\u00e1c ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 \u1edf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, vay v\u1ed1n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh, vi\u1ec7c h\u01a3\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a tinh th\u1ea7n\u2026 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, thay v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng x\u00e0 x\u1ebbo, nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt hay l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p l\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u00e9p. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, NXB Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cC\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. Ngay \u1edf l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra: \u201cM\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta (\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n) ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Marx, Engels, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u01a3\u01a1ng T\u00e2y\u2026 th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i. N\u1ed9i dung s\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t huy cao nh\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 th\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng CNXH, nh\u01a3ng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 t\u1ef1 do t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u201cc\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng = c\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng\u201d\u2026 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u01a3 h\u1eefu, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01a3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y sai l\u1ea7m, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u201cth\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, l\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u201ckhuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, n\u00e2ng cao ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf\u201d. Theo \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01a3 theo ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1eadt ra, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft: t\u01a3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecf, r\u1ed1i ren b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng XHCN, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u1edf khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01a3\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o\u2026 T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng t\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Ki\u1ebfn Giang trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo \u00f4ng, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5 sau khi x\u1ea3y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u201cph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft - v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft - g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 kinh t\u1ebf, s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ngang nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01a3\u1eddi hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o d\u01a3\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 danh ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd ch\u00ed, ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00edn ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n sinh, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0o tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf, nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch 211","v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u1ea7n ban h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01a3\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ngang nhau cho ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh, ng\u01a3\u1eddi t\u00e0n ph\u1ebf m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a\u2026 C\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, \u01a3u \u0111\u00e3i d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 kinh doanh n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra x\u1eed l\u00fd vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, nh\u01a3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01a3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, s\u1edf h\u1eefu to\u00e0n d\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng danh x\u01a3ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 truy b\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfng o\u00e1n h\u1eddn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n oan. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n cho r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p hay li\u00ean minh giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, giai c\u1ea5p hay l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng. L\u1ea1i th\u00eam k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p hay l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1eady th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf \u201cl\u01a3\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbch\u201d, b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u kia l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u01a3ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u201cchi ph\u1ed1i\u201d. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 v\u00e0o tay m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng? Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 R. A. Dahl \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n: \u201cNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc) \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d. Gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 H\u1ed3 V\u0103n Th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cTrong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta (\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n) \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ra ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: c\u00f3 t\u01a3 duy nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, h\u1ec7 t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u01a3\u1edbc s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng trung \u01a3\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng\u2026 \u0110\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m li\u1ec1n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, thi\u1ebfu c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01a3u vi\u1ec7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 danh ngh\u0129a. Cho n\u00ean, quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Quy\u1ec1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a3\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb, \u0111i ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01a3\u1edbng t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Bao nhi\u00eau hy sinh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec khi b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh? \u0110\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, c\u01a3\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c g\u00ec khi b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u01a3u ti\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng? M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u01a3u vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng khai, thay v\u00ec b\u01a3ng b\u00edt t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i T\u00ednh t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1946 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ean 60 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp: tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vua B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i b\u01a3\u1edbc ra t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn\u2026 c\u00f9ng tham gia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 chung \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i sau, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed7i \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Trong c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t tr\u01a3\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm, c\u00f2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m li\u1ec1n m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c 100% \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn 212","cao! \u201cTr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3\u201d gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi \u00fd t\u01a3\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. B\u01a3\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1eed tri \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ebft trong k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a3a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec khi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 tay, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i gi\u01a1 tay, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ra tay, d\u00e2n tr\u1eafng tay!\u201d Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u201d, nh\u01a3ng nh\u01a3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf kh\u00e2u \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\u201d ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1eed ng\u01a3\u1eddi tham gia. C\u1ee9 xem trong s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n? V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e2u \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u201d, ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u1ea7m l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu \u0111i b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u201ccon ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 leo c\u00e0nh \u0111a\u2026\u201d. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc cao nh\u1ea5t\u201d. Nh\u01a3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0m sao k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tham gia \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1ed9t khi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi? V\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n nh\u01a3 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u01a3\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee7y ban gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u201cnhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdp, th\u1ea9m tra c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh; gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. V\u1eady trong th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa hai k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp, ai \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ec9nh cao quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c thi sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c? \u0110\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i sau, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u nghe b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u01a3\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i, sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nghi\u00eam t\u00fac ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n, b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o, t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i D\u01a3\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: \u201cB\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c. Sau khi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kho\u00e1 XI, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n An suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c thay v\u00ec \u201cm\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh\u201d m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d so v\u1edbi tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo d\u00f5i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c phi\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nh\u01a3ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u00eau ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: \u201cSo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 chung, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 b\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n gay g\u1eaft c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp trung m\u1ed9t khi \u1edf k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01a3\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng, giao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01a3ng ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. C\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u1edf c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t, g\u00e2y t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m m\u00e0 v\u0129 m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ebft vi m\u00f4, m\u1ecdi b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01a3\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u201cth\u1ea5p c\u1ed5 b\u00e9 h\u1ecdng\u201d khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n v\u01a3\u1ee3t c\u1ea5p hay k\u00e9o ra ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c trung \u01a3\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c\u201d n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc, t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do tham quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb, b\u00e8 c\u00e1nh phe nh\u00f3m, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, g\u1ea7n nh\u01a3 m\u1ea5t t\u01a3 c\u00e1ch! Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c? C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc trong \u201cc\u00e1i k\u00e9n\u201d t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 \u201cph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201cl\u1ed9t x\u00e1c\u201d m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 213","Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ra \u0111i tr\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 1975 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, Canada, \u00dac, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c\u2026 Ti\u1ebfp theo sau l\u00e0 l\u1edbp thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n v\u01a3\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n xong h\u1ea1n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eadp trung, th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n theo di\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh, ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng - th\u01a3\u01a1ng\u2026 Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tr\u01a3\u1edbc 1950, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bang \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 ch\u01a3a t\u1edbi 500 ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1974, con s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 26.000 ng\u01a3\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1985, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadp c\u01a3 theo \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01a3a ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc Li\u00ean X\u00f4 - \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi. Sau Li\u00ean X\u00f4 - \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u tan r\u00e3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn b\u1ed3i th\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, du h\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u00c1, Nam \u00c1, T\u00e2y \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, ch\u00e2u \u00dac\u2026 \u0110\u1ebfn nay, Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u1edf h\u01a1n 100 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng h\u01a3\u1edbng v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea cha \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5, c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edf t\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n ng\u01a3\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u1ecbnh Xu\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: C\u00e1i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa V\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc \u201cNh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng: v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i\u201d do NXB Fayard \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2007 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p trao Gi\u1ea3i th\u01a3\u1edfng Moron. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p vi\u00ean tin t\u1ee9c Betty Nguy\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh CNN l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng Cao Joseph \u00c1nh l\u00e0 d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u Hoa K\u1ef3 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed v\u00e0o H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2008. \u00d4ng Phillip Roesler 36 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m B\u1ed9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a li\u00ean bang \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng L\u00ea B\u00e1 H\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 huy chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m USS Lassen c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng. Jacqueline Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c Th\u01a3\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n li\u00ean bang. Gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 Ng\u00f4 B\u1ea3o Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Times b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u201cB\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Langlands\u201d t\u1eebng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 30 n\u0103m qua, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 10 ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2009. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i? Trong Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 36\/NQ-TW th\u00e1ng 3-2004 v\u1ec1 \u201cC\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u201cc\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i\u201d v\u1edbi trong n\u01a3\u1edbc. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u0169ng n\u00eau kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u nh\u01a3 ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edfng quy ch\u1ebf, b\u1ecb k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ct\u1eadn m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d. R\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u01a3a cao, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng\u2026 N\u1eeda n\u0103m sau, B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u201cCh\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 36\u201d ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh, c\u01a3 tr\u00fa, \u0111i l\u1ea1i, h\u1ed3i h\u01a3\u01a1ng, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t chu \u0111\u00e1o, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o. Th\u1eadt ra, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong n\u01a3\u1edbc quan t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u00e1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ebfn b\u1edd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a3 m\u1edbi: tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 g\u1eedi USD v\u1ec1 cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong n\u01a3\u1edbc. Cho n\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 m\u1ec9a mai v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a3\u1edbc. B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u201cim h\u01a1i l\u1eb7ng ti\u1ebfng\u201d tr\u01a3\u1edbc b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng B\u00f9i T\u00edn nh\u01a3 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1o n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh d\u1ed9i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cS\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng b\u00e0 con ta l\u1edbp l\u1edbp g\u1ea1t n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1eaft b\u1ecf n\u01a3\u1edbc ra \u0111i, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u1ecdp \u1eb9p, tr\u01a3\u1edbc s\u00f3ng to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 hung d\u1eef, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch: tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, h\u1ea1 nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebb thua tr\u1eadn, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u01a3 s\u1ea3n, c\u01a3\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u0111i kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, x\u00e9t theo l\u00fd l\u1ecbch, h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ecdn ng\u1ee5y\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u01a1 v\u01a1 l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh qu\u00ea h\u01a3\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111i\u2026\u201d. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00eam v\u00ec c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 36 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tin v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed7ng d\u01a3ng \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 36. Ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t 214","t\u1edd b\u00e1o trong n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u201ckh\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t\u201d nh\u01a3ng \u201ccho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n ba n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t\u2026 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n!\u201d. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u01a3a ra nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa, nh\u01a3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 cho kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Thi\u1ebfu tin t\u01a3\u1edfng nhau c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt l\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i giao sang c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf LHQ \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i c\u1eeda sau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00f3n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i (th\u1eddi bao c\u1ea5p b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i xin vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc XHCN c\u0169ng b\u1ecb coi th\u01a3\u1eddng). C\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ra n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y chay. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u1edf h\u1ea3i ng\u1ecdai c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng x\u1eed th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Nh\u01a3ng theo \u00f4ng B\u00f9i T\u00edn, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1eabn \u201cnh\u00e2ng nh\u00e1o ban \u01a1n, v\u00eanh v\u00e1o d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh!\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0: \u201cThi\u1ebfu hai ch\u1eef \u201cxin l\u1ed7i\u201d tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eadn ra sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ch\u1eef c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u01a1ng!\u201d Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hai m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i khi v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6-2009, Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng ban h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01a3\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 34-CT\/TW v\u1ec1 \u201cT\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u00e2m m\u01a3u, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201cPeace Corps\u201d [37] v\u00e0 \u201cC\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d [38] \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ghi danh v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u\u201d. Trong 15 ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng Fulbright (\u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 4 tri\u1ec7u USD\/n\u0103m, ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng 5 tri\u1ec7u USD\/n\u0103m c\u1ea5p cho 100 sinh vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam du h\u1ecdc, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201cG\u00f3c Hoa K\u1ef3\u201d t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u2026 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u201cti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Marx-Lenin, t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d. Sau 5 th\u00e1ng ban h\u00e0nh Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 34 \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00e1ng 11-2009 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung g\u1ea7n 900 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u\u201d \u1edf 52 qu\u1ed1c gia. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u khai m\u1ea1c, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u201cCon L\u1ea1c - Ch\u00e1u H\u1ed3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a hai ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o\u201d. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec1u b\u00e0o \u201cl\u00e0 m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. Theo \u00f4ng, con ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00fac h\u1ef7 n\u1ed9 \u00e1i \u1ed1, n\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m \u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u201cra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, cho n\u00ean h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngay trong ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u l\u01a3\u1ee1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u201cra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d nh\u01a3ng theo h\u1ecd th\u00ec l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111ang \u201cra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 chia r\u1ebd\u201d, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc, xem n\u1ed9i dung g\u00ec xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111e d\u1ecda, h\u00e0nh h\u00f9ng, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp b\u1eaft giam v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 t\u01a3 duy v\u00e0 l\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 80 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u2026 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng tin \u201cl\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i\u201d l\u1eabn \u201cl\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i\u201d. Anh b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i sang l\u1ec1 b\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111i theo anh hay ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u1ec1 b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n? Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, trong ng\u00e0y vui g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t long tr\u1ecdng Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201cra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d. Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00e1u th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, v\u00ec sao ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ngo\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t quay l\u01a3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp? C\u0169ng t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nghe th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi trong n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1u b\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00ec sao c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho b\u00e0 con \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb? Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n, d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 b\u00e0n th\u00ec b\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01a3\u1edbc th\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam, bao gi\u1edd d\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nghe v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nha n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang c\u1ea7n xoa d\u1ecbu ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01a3\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong d\u1ecbp h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t. Khi m\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u\u201d Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u, ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ecdn c\u1eed. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n, ai ch\u1ecdn c\u1eed? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01a3 tr\u00ean, t\u1ea1i sao trong n\u01a3\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 c\u1eed ng\u01a3\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb hay nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t? 215","D\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1eb7p Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u, c\u00f2n gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01a3\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c - ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft? H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m l\u1eedng khi Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u ra v\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n khi m\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 34 c\u00f2n \u1ea9n trong tranh s\u00e1ng tranh t\u1ed1i. Hi\u1ec7n nay Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 v\u1ec1 n\u01a3\u1edbc g\u1ea7n 3.000 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 3 t\u1ec9 USD. N\u0103m 2008, Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n 8 t\u1ec9 USD. N\u0103m 2009 c\u0169ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi t\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. \u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh S\u01a1n, Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m \u1ee6y ban ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ckho b\u00e1u l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean\u201d, h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh khai th\u00e1c (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1980, \u00f4ng Tr\u01a3\u1eddng Chinh t\u1eebng c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng \u201cvi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n b\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng\u201d). H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xem ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i hay quan t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00f2n t\u1eadp trung m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Cho n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u201ckinh cung chi \u0111i\u1ec3u\u201d (chim ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean s\u1ee3 l\u00e0n c\u00e2y cong) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng. M\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, khi m\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 97 bu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u IDS gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hay m\u1ea1ng b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Tia S\u00e1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u \u1edf Nh\u1eadt cho bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1edb tr\u00eau khi g\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh visa, trong l\u00fac ng\u01a3\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n visa. T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u: \u201cL\u1eafm l\u00fac c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y n\u1ea3n, m\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea\u2026\u201d. M\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn khi \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng khi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p thay v\u00ec l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 ban \u01a1n, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201cc\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed tr\u01a3\u1edbc kia, chu\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 36 - Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 34 - t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, chia r\u1ebd, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, h\u00e0nh x\u1eed hai m\u1eb7t\u2026 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc ngh\u0129 g\u00ec khi c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u201cCon L\u1ea1c - Ch\u00e1u H\u1ed3ng\u201d v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o m\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf? S\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chia r\u1ebd ph\u00eda sau m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111i ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a3\u1edbng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. Nh\u01a3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, c\u1ed1 Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng V\u00f5 V\u0103n Ki\u1ec7t c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hay qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \\\"kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ngu\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n hay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, phe ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3\u201d. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u201ck\u1ebb th\u00f9\u201d nh\u01a3 Ph\u00e1p, M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft tay nhau, trong khi l\u1ea1i chia r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ecf da v\u00e0ng. Ngay sau 30-4, \u00f4ng L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n v\u1eeba b\u01a3\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u thang m\u00e1y bay khi v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cTh\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ai\u201d. Nh\u01a3ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng, quy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o \u201cl\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec khi v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u01a3a \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i? Trong khi ng\u01a3\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3n ki\u1ec1u b\u00e0o tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u2026 th\u00ec c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a m\u1edf ra. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u201cH\u00f2a\u201d l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng x\u00f3a tan m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, gi\u00fap d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tho\u00e1t qua c\u01a1n nguy bi\u1ebfn, c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u1edf\u201d l\u1ea7n l\u01a3\u1ee3t t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam. N\u0103m 1945, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u. V\u1ec1 sau, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nghe duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang sai \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ch\u01a3a h\u1eb3n sai, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ri\u00eang c\u00f3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00e1u th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng \u0111i chung tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng cho d\u00f9 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng m\u00e0: \u201cM\u1ed7i s\u1edbm d\u1eady nghe b\u1ed1n b\u1ec1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft Ng\u01a3\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng chung ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i Nh\u01a3 v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chung l\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n m\u1eb7n Nh\u01a3 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng th\u01a3\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn ch\u1ea3y mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi\u201d (Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t - L\u01a3u Quang V\u0169) 216","Ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 Tham nh\u0169ng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u201cnh\u00e0 d\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00f3c\u201d. M\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tham nh\u0169ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u01a3a h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch, th\u01a3\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u, g\u1ee3i \u00fd, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng. Ngay tr\u01a3\u1edbc phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n \u201cra gi\u00e1\u201d v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ebft \u00e1n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111en bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tr\u1eafng. M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 t\u1eebng n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a3a h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u00f4 t\u01a3 th\u00ec ai h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 s\u00e2u m\u1ecdt. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eadp ra \u00eakip v\u00e0 v\u01a3\u01a1n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2i b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u1eb1m li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp. Khi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda hay m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda, l\u1eadp ra ban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y hay c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c minh b\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a. Tham nh\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a phong b\u00ec\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i tr\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d. Tham nh\u0169ng nh\u01a3 m\u1ed9t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t n\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u01a3ng h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, qu\u1ed1c gia. Tham nh\u0169ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh do t\u1eeb trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed\u201d, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ck\u00ednh th\u01a3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ch\u01a3a b\u1ecb l\u1ed9\u201d khi g\u1eb7p nhau. Quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft tay nhau v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, n\u1ec3 nang, bao che, gi\u01a1 cao \u0111\u00e1nh kh\u1ebd. C\u00f2n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do l\u00e2u nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng minh, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01a3\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ee9c x\u00fac tr\u01a3\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo v\u00e0i v\u1ee5 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 phanh phui. V\u00e0i ng\u01a3\u1eddi bi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o. H\u1ecd s\u1ee3 v\u1ea1 l\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u00e2n, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ee5p m\u0169, tr\u00f9 d\u1eadp, h\u0103m d\u1ecda\u2026 B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u01a3\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Thanh ra t\u00f2a \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3. Tham nh\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi m\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng c\u00f4ng s\u1edf, trong c\u00e1c \u00eakip l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, trong t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\u2026 \u0111an xen \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cng\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea1c\u201d, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng tham gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang kh\u00e1ch quan, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra - ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t - k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i (tam quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a3a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2005, Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec3m 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u I kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tham nh\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i\u201d. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea g\u1ed3m: c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c; s\u0129 quan chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ea1 s\u0129 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng an; c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p; ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c giao th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n hay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi tham nh\u0169ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phe c\u00e1nh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n \u201cl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, \u201cchia s\u00e2n\u201d. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a3a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft do phe c\u00e1nh n\u00e0y t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o phe c\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tham nh\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Cho n\u00ean Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadm, qua 5 n\u0103m thi h\u00e0nh tham nh\u0169ng v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m 2006, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tham nh\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u1ed1c n\u1ea1n\u201d, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, k\u1ef7 c\u01a3\u01a1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng n\u1ea5c, k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng: c\u00e1c chi b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n n\u00eau cao vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng; ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh, trung th\u1ef1c k\u00ea khai t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, n\u00eau cao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u01a3, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01a3\u1ee3ng; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy ch\u1ebf ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean quan trong ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng\u2026 [39] C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nghe r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, nh\u01a3ng ai tri\u1ec3n khai, ai l\u00e0m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o 217","ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 quan thanh tra, \u1ee7y ban ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1eb1m ngay trong \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc? Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cta ch\u1ed1ng ta\u201d n\u00ean l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng. Tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec5n ra nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do: c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u01a3a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 h\u1edf nh\u01a3ng ch\u1eadm \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u01a3a cao; nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 quan, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u01a3a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i n\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u1ec3 nang, n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, dung t\u00fang, bao che; c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. Th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u1ef1 cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i. L\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00eau ra: t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed; ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng; t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n c\u1eed; h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng [40]. Th\u00eam nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh c\u00e2u ch\u1eef. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tham nh\u0169ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c thi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01a3a ra b\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf xin - cho v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a tham nh\u0169ng; t\u01a3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb tham nh\u0169ng c\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p quy vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n; quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tri\u1ec3n khai hi\u1ec7n nay cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3p v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i minh b\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh. Trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, tr\u01a3\u1edfng ban ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u201cv\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng v\u1eeba th\u1ed5i c\u00f2i\u201d, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thanh tra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn tham nh\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o tham nh\u0169ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy ch\u1ee5p h\u1ecd l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n, t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01a3\u1eddi tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n th\u01a3 n\u1eb7c danh\u2026 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch b\u1ecbt mi\u1ec7ng, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trang web t\u1ef1 do mang t\u00ean: \u201cC\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 N\u00f3k\u00eca\u201d ra m\u1eaft cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9-2009 v\u1edbi tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n: \u201cN\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0m \u0103n to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 tham nh\u0169ng, c\u01a3\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n hay \u0103n c\u1eafp ti\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u2026\u201d. Trang web k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp tay di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb tham nh\u0169ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb trung \u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n\u2026 T\u1ed1 c\u00e1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t huy. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00eau danh 10 v\u1ecb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 hai qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c1. C\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Indonesia Mohamed Suharto \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb qua 5 \u0111\u1ee3t b\u1ea7u c\u1eed v\u1edbi 31 n\u0103m c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, tham nh\u0169ng h\u01a1n 35 t\u1ec9 USD. C\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Philippines Joseph Estrada n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n n\u0103m 1998. Th\u00e1ng 11-2000, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o tham nh\u0169ng. N\u0103m sau, cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00f4ng. Estrada ph\u1ea3i ra t\u00f2a v\u00ec t\u1ed9i tham nh\u0169ng 81 tri\u1ec7u USD, r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Phi\u00ean t\u00f2a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 6 n\u0103m v\u00ec \u00f4ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00fd do s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t khi b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp. Th\u00e1ng 9-2007, T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao Philippines k\u1ebft \u00e1n \u00f4ng t\u00f9 chung th\u00e2n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, n\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng qu\u1ef9 15,5 tri\u1ec7u USD v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu m\u1ed9t khu bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1. Estrada kh\u00e1ng \u00e1n, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m Gloria Arroyo k\u00fd l\u1ec7nh \u00e2n x\u00e1, nh\u01a3ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i \u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00eau \u0111\u00edch danh tham nh\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia di\u1ec5n rat ham nh\u0169ng tr\u00e0n lan \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01a3a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hay \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ee9 hai, khuynh lo\u00e1t ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n. Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c 218","quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p. Th\u1ee9 t\u01a3, c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng nh\u01a3ng nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o, tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u01a3 nhau. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Soi v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng tham nh\u0169ng l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01a3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang theo xu h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Indonesia n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111ang t\u00e1i l\u1eb7p qua h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf phe c\u00e1nh \u201cT\u01a3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecf\u201d. Cho n\u00ean, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i tham nh\u0169ng l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf minh b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00ean nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Mu\u1ed1n ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, qu\u1ed1c gia. K\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5n h\u01a3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c B\u1ed9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00eau nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh do thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i, ch\u01a3a coi ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n g\u1eafn kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ban b\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, g\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau tuy\u1ec3n sinh v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng, giao quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u1ea3 cho t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean theo n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01a3 vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin\u2026 Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n h\u01a3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01a3\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. C\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u01a3u ti\u00ean ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u01a3ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01a3 l\u00e2u nay. Theo ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Quang A, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m vi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 m\u1edf ra m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khu\u00f4n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 ra. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ngu\u1ed3n thu v\u00e0o t\u1eeb thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 l\u1ea1i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u1ea7n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a minh b\u1ea1ch\u2026 Trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m do VietNamNet th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1ng 7- 2009, \u00f4ng V\u0169 Khoan n\u00eau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u201cGi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 90 tri\u1ec7u con ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01a3 duy gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i n\u0103ng; kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng internet v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, x\u00f3a d\u1ea1y th\u00eam h\u1ecdc th\u00eam tr\u00e0n lan, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc h\u00e0m h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb th\u1ea1c s\u0129, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, gi\u00e1o s\u01a3, ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9c danh gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 cho c\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa cho th\u1ea5y y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan, \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn ng\u01a3\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201ch\u1ed3ng\u201d v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh sinh vi\u00ean. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch t\u01a3 duy gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e2u nay. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 ra sai ph\u1ea1m c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u2026 d\u01a3\u1eddng nh\u01a3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, ch\u01a3a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u01a3 duy ti\u1ec3u n\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i. H\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01a3 duy kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1990, UNESCO \u0111\u01a3a ra b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: \u201cc\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi - c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 m\u1edbi - ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi - k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi\u201d. 219","N\u0103m 1996, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi: \u201cH\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft - h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m - h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng - h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1ng\u201d. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1 ra ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m, c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, c\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 khi tham gia h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft theo l\u1ed1i t\u01a3 duy t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, thay v\u00ec tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khung v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ecdn ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft. T\u01a3 duy n\u00e0y trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e2u nay \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01a3 v\u1eady. Trong hai m\u01a3\u01a1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u1ed1i Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ea7n 20 tri\u1ec7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp c\u01a3 c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c\u2026 C\u00f2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f5 c\u1eeda ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 r\u1ebb, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp, th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c. C\u00f3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh \u201cch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1p m\u00e1y may\u201d. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tay ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tay ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp. Ch\u1ee9ng minh: Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 2% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean 13 n\u0103m, 10% \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 20-24 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, x\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m 2006 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01a3\u1edbc: 63% sinh vi\u00ean ra tr\u01a3\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, xin \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i do tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. So s\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf 2006: \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chulalongkorn (Th\u00e1i Lan) 332 b\u00e0i, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 b\u00e0i. Trong 10 n\u0103m qua, Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1eedi kho\u1ea3ng 80 b\u00e0i, nh\u01a3ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 70, s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean 10. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1948 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m Vi\u1ec7t Nam: 78% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bao c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 1975, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0nh 13,9 % ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u0103m 1986 t\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00ean 27,3 %. Hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 cao, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb khi v\u00e0o m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft 16 tu\u1ed5i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u01a3\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a3a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 V\u01a3\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. C\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 tr\u01a3\u1eddng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh quy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 r\u00e8n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i - vi\u1ebft. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, sinh vi\u00ean sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p th\u01a3\u1eddng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp. \u1ede nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch hay c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc L\u00ea T\u1ef1 H\u1ef7, nguy\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01a3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng phu sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n. Theo chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn, B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u01a3u ti\u00ean trang b\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u01a3\u1edbng t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i nghe th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed7i tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u1edf c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 16 ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u01a3\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed7i ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc sinh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau: l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m (teamwork), r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng (pragmatic technical skills), t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (problem solving), tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 d\u00e1m l\u00e0m trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p (entrepreneurship). Ngay nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Sau t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, 2\/3 h\u1ecdc sinh Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, tham gia ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, h\u01a3\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc qua v\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 khu v\u1ef1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c em m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. H\u00e0m l\u01a3\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m ra h\u1ea7u nh\u01a3 th\u1ea5p. Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea5t 220","nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. \u0110a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01a3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u201ct\u00f4n s\u01a3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh sinh vi\u00ean, n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 b\u00e0i. Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01a3\u1eddi m\u1edbi XHCN, trong khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n ch\u01a3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01a3\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ng\u01a3\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung \u201cb\u1ed3i d\u01a3\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cho \u0111\u1eddi sau\u201d tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u00fd l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u01a3a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc h\u00e0m h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m g\u1ed3m bao nhi\u00eau v\u1ecb vua t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ngai v\u00e0ng \u0111i qua, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 82 bia \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu - Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m, l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n, nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 2004, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Giao th\u00f4ng Th\u01a3\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 danh s\u00e1ch 500 tr\u01a3\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ef1a theo th\u00e0nh t\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Trong 35 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong danh s\u00e1ch, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi 170 tr\u01a3\u1eddng, Nam Phi c\u00f3 4 tr\u01a3\u1eddng, c\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c x\u1ebfp sau h\u1ea1ng 40, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00dac chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 40\/89 tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Singapore, Israel, H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, New Zealand, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ghi danh sau h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 200. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u00e0nh 223,5 t\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u01a1n 150 tri\u1ec7u gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ec3 con em \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, trung h\u1ecdc. Tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng. Sau th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ee3 c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (Khi k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng khai th\u00e1c bauxite v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c k\u00e9o sang, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1). N\u0103m 2007, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Giao th\u00f4ng Th\u01a3\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean 2.000 tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Trong danh s\u00e1ch 500 tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 100 tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01a3\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam: t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Times Higher Education Supplement (THES) x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 200 tr\u01a3\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t; H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00e0i Loan x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 500 tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u; Webometrics x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 100 tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean website c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet\u2026 V\u00ec sao Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01a3a bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m v\u01a3\u01a1n ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch do n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e2n sinh. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed1n tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m xoa d\u1ecbu c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng cao hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01a3 t\u1eeb tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 xu h\u01a3\u1edbng tri th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay trong n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, bao che v\u00e0 b\u01a3ng b\u00edt trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m! D\u00e1m tham gia v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh d\u00e1m b\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i l\u1edbn, th\u1ea5y ng\u01a3\u1eddi ng\u1eabm m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c XHCN Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi x\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a li\u00ean bang \u0110\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi sau khi n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00e1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 hay ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0169 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01a3 nhau \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111a c\u1ea5p \u0111a th\u00e0nh 221","ph\u1ea7n \u1edf T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00eau ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u01a3u \u0111i\u1ec3m, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0169 nh\u01a3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u01a3\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01a3a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn: trong 250 tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01a3\u1eddng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Berlin, Frankfurt (Oder), Heidelberg, Frankfurt am Main, Zittau, n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 thu h\u00fat du h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec7n nay. T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nay. N\u0103m 1990, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Bulgaria \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u01a3ng h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp. Ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c giao quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tham gia ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c minh b\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf\u2026 H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 2003, h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc Bulgaria \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 33\/41 n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u1ec1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, 25% h\u1ecdc sinh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc, di\u1ec5n ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa tay ngh\u1ec1 - h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n - nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m 2005, s\u1eeda sai c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Bulgaria ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng tham kh\u1ea3o, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u01a3u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nu\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u0103m 2004, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfm 22%, n\u0103m 2008 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 29%. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Bulgaria gia nh\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, g\u1ea7n 80% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n vay \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, vi\u1ec7c vay tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhanh g\u1ecdn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 sai l\u1ea7m. Quan t\u00e2m an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u gam m\u00e0u b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, trong 4% ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u00e0nh cho an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec 2\/3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n nh\u01a3 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p th\u01a3\u01a1ng binh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh li\u1ec7t s\u0129, l\u01a3\u01a1ng h\u01a3u cho c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c\u2026 trong khi nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01a3\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u01a3 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edfng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh hay nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 h\u01a3\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p chung to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 san s\u1ebb cho nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01a3a k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u01a3\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ba \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edfng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u1ebb em: Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: tr\u1ebb c\u01a1 nh\u1ee1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, b\u1ecb ng\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i h\u00e0nh hung, b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, s\u1ed1ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o suy dinh d\u01a3\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nan y, s\u01a1 sinh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ra n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u2026 Con s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u01a3a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01a3ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 hay ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb b\u01a1 v\u01a1, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng tay b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi l\u1edbn, r\u01a1i v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c em t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh? Ng\u01a3\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i: c\u00f3 xu h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f4i, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 70 - 75, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt \u00f4ng b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe l\u0103n, tr\u00ean tay l\u00e0 x\u1ea5p v\u00e9 s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111i b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a3a \u0111i chi\u1ec1u mang v\u1ec1 theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u0103n d\u1eaft. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt: h\u01a1n 5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm 6,3 % d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m trong g\u1ea7n 8% h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o; \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ng\u1ea7m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00fd l\u1ecbch qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u1edf b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc cho th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n 75% ng\u01a3\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt 15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3; kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01a3\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 xin \u0103n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb xem ng\u01a3\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp, b\u1ecb l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng cho \u0103n, kh\u00f3a nh\u1ed1t ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7\u2026 V\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ri\u00eang \u1edf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20% h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb cong v\u1eb9o c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng, c\u1eadn th\u1ecb do k\u00edch th\u01a3\u1edbc b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf, t\u01a3 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, mang v\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng.... C\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, 5 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 8 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01a3\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. 222","Ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, b\u1ecb h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, ru\u1ed3i nh\u1eb7ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t v\u1ec7 sinh. \u0110\u1eebng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch: \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 b\u1ebfp \u0103n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a khen ng\u1ee3i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u00f3n \u0103n Vi\u1ec7t! C\u1ee5c An to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ki\u1ec3m tra g\u1ea7n 100 m\u1eabu th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u00e0y b\u00e1n, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u1eb7ng. \u1edat b\u1ed9t b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9n m\u00e0u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u201ct\u1eafm\u201d trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01a3\u01a1i, m\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1y \u0111em t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i, n\u01a3\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ung th\u01a3 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, tinh men pha n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u00e3 th\u00e0nh r\u01a3\u1ee3u g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 h\u00e0n the, g\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh n\u1eb1m t\u1ed3n kho c\u1ea3 n\u0103m mang ra b\u00e1n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5 l\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ec7nh theo mi\u1ec7ng m\u00e0 v\u00e0o. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01a3\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y lan\u2026 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Hi\u1ec7n nay, 80% ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb \u201cnh\u1eddn\u201d c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c do b\u00e1n - mua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng qua kh\u00e1m v\u00e0 k\u00ea toa t\u1eeb b\u00e1c s\u0129, khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb th\u00eam kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 53% ng\u01a3\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01a3\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 20% ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2010 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01a3\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1eb3ng thu \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t! Nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecbch c\u00fam gia c\u1ea7m, nh\u01a3ng l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng, ki\u1ec3m tra mua b\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5. Tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u1ebb em suy dinh d\u01a3\u1ee1ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn, nay v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ebft\u2026 Khi ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecda theo mi\u1ec7ng m\u00e0 ra! M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf chung c\u01a3 cho ng\u01a3\u1eddi thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ngay kh\u00e2u ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd mua \u0111i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y l\u00e3i. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng x\u00f3m nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd t\u01a3 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u0103n h\u1ed9 chung c\u01a3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch! Ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01a3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp: t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf g\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sau \u201cc\u00fa h\u00edch\u201d ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thu nh\u1eadp \u1edf m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 h\u01a3\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y, chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u1eeba c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t\u2026 V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3ng - ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ghi danh v\u00e0o di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i \u201cch\u1edd sung r\u1ee5ng\u201d ? L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bao qu\u00e1t, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u0129 m\u00f4, an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai thay v\u00ec gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01a3\u01a1ng binh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nh\u01a3 hi\u1ec7n nay. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, c\u1ea7n thu\u1eddng xuy\u00ean huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, v\u1ed1n vay \u01a3u \u0111\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a3\u1edbng. An sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 con ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c h\u01a3\u1edfng th\u1ee5 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u01a3u ti\u00ean. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 khi g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ro. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i (zero hunger program) v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01a3\u1eddng (no child left behind). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01a3\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u01a3u vi\u1ec7t, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, cho th\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c-x\u00edt, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 TBCN. V\u1eady \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u00ec tr\u01a3\u1edbc b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n ra? Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ea3 l\u01a3\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb tr\u1eeb l\u01a3\u01a1ng, nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1\u2026 Tr\u1ebb em d\u01a3\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i 223","\u0111i l\u00e0m t\u1ea1o thu nh\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ecb khai l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c thay v\u00ec k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u01a3\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 thay cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c k\u00fd th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i. Th\u00e1ng 7-2008, h\u01a1n 10.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e0y \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01a3\u01a1ng. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ty gi\u00e0y t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh D\u01a3\u01a1ng c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p. T\u00ednh c\u1ea3 n\u0103m 2008, c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00f3 650 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng, t\u0103ng 30% so v\u1edbi 2007. N\u0103m 2009, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty gi\u00e0y Sun Jade \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch c\u01a3 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty, h\u01a1n 1.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ty gi\u00e0y Bolchen \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. Ri\u00eang \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, trong hai n\u0103m 2008 - 2009 di\u1ec5n ra 120 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01a3\u01a1ng. - . Th\u00e1ng 3-2010, h\u01a1n 2000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n khu ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t Pouchen \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n khi b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 l\u01a3\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec5u. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nu\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, ch\u00e8n \u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00e1ng 4-2009, to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 41 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi\u1ebfm 51% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. \u201cT\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0ng\u201d \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. Kho\u1ea3ng 70.000 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bao qu\u00e1t h\u1ebft ph\u1ea1m vi khu v\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m 2009, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p h\u01a1n 700.000 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean sinh ho\u1ea1t trong g\u1ea7n 7.000 t\u1ed5 nh\u00f3m, ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n 1\/3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n (ch\u01a3a k\u1ec3 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt). Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi k\u1ec1 vai s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y? Tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 c\u1eed ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean chu\u1ea9n y qua k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u 10 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: \u00f4n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ec3 thao nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, th\u0103m d\u00f2 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2026 Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc TBCN, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i\u201d m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu quan s\u00e1t, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u201cb\u1ed9 t\u1ee9\u201d kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi bao c\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u01a3\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 theo d\u00f5i, c\u00e1ch ly, th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c. Bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. N\u0103m 1994, B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 ba l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u01a3\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i mang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, m\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, khai th\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e2ng cao tay ngh\u1ec1, thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p\u2026 Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf: an ninh sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u01a3 tr\u00fa \u1edf nh\u1eefng x\u00f3m nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n - th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh nam - n\u1eef m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an sinh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u1ea7u nh\u01a3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u2026 Khi b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u01a3\u01a1ng \u00e1n, r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01a3\u1edbc s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01a3\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i tr\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai kh\u00e1c ban ph\u00e1t hay gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 thay, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, do c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh cho m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, phong tr\u00e0o \u201cV\u00f4 s\u1ea3n h\u00f3a\u201d len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay, khi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t 224","\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ecb k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ban cho. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng c\u1ea5m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01a3\u01a1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, trong khi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m. N\u0103m 2006, hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u201cHi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng - n\u00f4ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d do c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb C\u00f4ng Nh\u00e2n t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u00ec b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111i d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Ba Lan. X\u00e9t trong \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d c\u1ee7a LHQ l\u1eabn Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u vi ph\u1ea1m. Cho d\u00f9 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i hay qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 6 v\u1ec1 \\\"Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc\\\" th\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cl\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t t\u00f2ng t\u00e2m\u201d, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01a3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc: nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp ra ho\u1eb7c thu\u00ea lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m trao lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 tay ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01a3\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd hay nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea7m v\u0129 m\u00f4. R\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thanh tra c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, d\u01a3\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1eddi Theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn Marx-Lenin, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p n\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01a3\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean CNCS\u2026 L\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb, x\u1ebfp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu, t\u00e0n d\u01a3, c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin l\u1eabn nhau. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n xem l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01a3\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ed1i suy di\u1ec5n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sai l\u1ea7m, quy ch\u1ee5p ch\u1ee7 quan, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 l\u1ebb k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, sai logic v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ed9i. Ph\u00e1i B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb Trung Hoa v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y cha \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111\u01a3a \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Taliban \u1edf Apganixtan tr\u01a3\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh Vatican t\u1eebng r\u0103n d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201cC\u00e1c ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecf nghi l\u1ec5, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c, phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. Tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nghe theo tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u01a1n hai tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u201cTheo Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o Nam\u201d. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng sau n\u0103m 1975, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 nh\u01a3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0o \u1ee6y ban M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01a3\u1ee1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c: \u201cDo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1ea3nh h\u01a3\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, vi\u1ec7c tranh th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u201d [41]. Hi\u1ec3u nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u201cvi\u1ec7c tranh th\u1ee7\u201d n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb? D\u01a3\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111ang t\u1eebng b\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u00f4m na g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c doanh\u201d. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1eebng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 24 n\u0103m 1990, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1992. Ti\u1ebfp theo, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 25 n\u0103m 2003 n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng CNXH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00edn ng\u01a3\u1ee1ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ed9 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c theo \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u201cK\u00ednh Ch\u00faa y\u00eau N\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u2026 Nh\u01a3ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1eadt t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u201cth\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d nh\u01a3: khai th\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, thao t\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n 225","qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cb\u00f4i nh\u1ecd\u201d, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o mua chu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 ly khai, khai th\u00e1c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2026 N\u0103m 2007, s\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ghi r\u00f5: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u00edn ng\u01a3\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d. C\u0169ng d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho bi\u1ebft do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Sau nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01a3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1 l\u1ebb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1ea5y, v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch chia r\u1ebd, b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t v\u00e0 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m. H\u00e3y x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 thao t\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, khi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 thanh l\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u201cH\u00f2a\u201d l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i: Th\u00e1i H\u00e0, Tam T\u00f2a, L\u00fd Loan, L\u00e0ng Mai, \u0110\u1ed3ng Chi\u00eam\u2026 Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y sai ph\u1ea1m \u1edf ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed l\u1eabn gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng th\u01a3\u1eddng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1t c\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u01a3\u01a1ng - gi\u00e1o. Th\u00e1ng 9-2008, trong bu\u1ed5i g\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ng\u00f4 Quang Ki\u1ec7t c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, trong \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 khi c\u1ea7m c\u00e1i h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng b\u1ecb soi x\u00e9t\u2026\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. L\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u1eaft c\u00e2u n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh, th\u00e2m \u00fd s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh: ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 khi mang c\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 khi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u2026 Ng\u01a3\u1eddi nghe tin theo, ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng xin l\u1ed7i c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c, v\u00f4 \u00e2n, m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c\u2026 Nh\u1edd truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u0103ng nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc th\u00ec im l\u1eb7ng nh\u01a3 ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00fang ra, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1, nh\u01a3ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn d\u0129 h\u00f2a. Cho n\u00ean, t\u1eeb Linh m\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u00fd b\u1ecb b\u1ecbt mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ng\u00f4 Quang Ki\u1ec7t b\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u1eddi, l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed hai m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Thi\u1ec1n s\u01a3 Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01a3\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975. N\u0103m 2005, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng tu. N\u0103m 2007, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"\u0110\u1ea1i trai \u0111\u00e0n ch\u1ea9n t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i oan\\\" t\u1ea1i ba mi\u1ec1n nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb oan kh\u1ed5 chi\u1ebfn tranh. N\u0103m 2009, Thi\u1ec1n s\u01a3 kh\u1edfi x\u01a3\u1edbng kh\u00f3a tu, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p 400 tu sinh \u1edf Tu vi\u1ec7n B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 (L\u00e0ng Mai), nh\u01a3ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u h\u0103m d\u1ecda nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng li\u1ec1n, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 r\u00fat v\u00e0o tu k\u00edn\u2026 C\u00e1c tu sinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01a3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a th\u01a3\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Huy\u1ec1n Quang t\u1eebng \u201cs\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0, \u0111i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng, ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed3, t\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i\u201d, kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ban T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111en \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01a3\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh \u1edf L\u00e0ng Mai l\u00e0 do m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam che gi\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2009, trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Benedict XVI t\u1ea1i Vatican, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Tri\u1ebft kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01a3\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n coi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. Nh\u01a3ng n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng sau, 600 c\u00f4ng an mang theo thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5, v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00f3 s\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 c\u00e2y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t s\u1eaft d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u00fai Ch\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed3ng Chi\u00eam, gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01a3\u01a1ng, ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ng\u1ea3 \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng cho b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n tr\u01a3\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00fac hai gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c cha x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u01a3\u1eddng gi\u1eefa l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n khi h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o! Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hai m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd? Ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u201cTam gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng: vua \u0110inh Ti\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng phong nh\u00e0 s\u01a3 Ng\u00f4 Ch\u00e2n L\u01a3u ch\u1ee9c T\u0103ng Th\u1eafng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o sau khi d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n 12 s\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, vua L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 cao th\u1ec9nh r\u01a3\u1edbc 9 b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng kinh l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n tu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra ph\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m Y\u00ean T\u1eed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ea5p x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u201cAn Nam t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00ed\u201d trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00fac \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u2026 Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 20 tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 - c\u0169ng l\u00e0 20 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong l\u00f2ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, 20 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi con m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ecf da v\u00e0ng trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. 226","Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a, chia r\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01a3\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p tan bi\u1ebfn, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, th\u1ea7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi chen nhau gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng\u2026 Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111ang thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. C\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 T\u1ef3 kheo Th\u00edch T\u00e2m Quang t\u1eebng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cD\u00f9 tin hay kh\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u01a3\u01a1n t\u1edbi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, khao kh\u00e1t h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u201d. Th\u01a3\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt Theo b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p Lu\u1eadt Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: ch\u01a3a chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, thi\u1ebfu l\u00f4gic, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu tr\u01a3\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan, ch\u01a3a xem tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n... Trong h\u01a1n 290.000 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed n\u0103m 2009, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee7y \u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u00e1n sai do ch\u1ee7 quan v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai s\u00f3t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f2n ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u00f3 phi\u00ean t\u00f2a quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 t\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/3 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf cho ng\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o gh\u1ebf x\u1eed \u00e1n c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n nay, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d gi\u1eefa ba c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tra - ki\u1ec3m tra - x\u00e9t x\u1eed, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. M\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ngay t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01a3\u1edfng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Nh\u01a3 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n tam l\u1eadp? M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hay h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt thi\u1ebfu tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp trong c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u01a3 duy, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y theo sau v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed9i danh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e1n t\u1ed9i theo xu h\u01a3\u1edbng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u01a3\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi khung hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c, t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau. Bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t? Trong x\u1eed l\u00fd oan sai, c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua, x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u1ea7n d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn sai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee9c x\u00fac. C\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1eaft giam n\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang n\u1ed9i dung \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o v\u00e0 quy ch\u1ee5p t\u1ed9i danh, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 ph\u00eda b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n d\u1eebng ngay hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng ngang nhi\u00ean vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed theo Lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01a3u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 60 (nam) v\u00e0 55 (n\u1eef). Nh\u01a3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ban h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng tr\u1edf l\u00ean, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0m ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, \u0111ang c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 h\u01a3u tu\u1ed5i 60. V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam 5 n\u0103m ngo\u00e0i lu\u1eadt n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i? Ai cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng mua b\u00e1n, hay \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9? Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u1edf \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng cho ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng trong nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u1eeba b\u00ed m\u1eadt, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba coi th\u01a3\u1eddng lu\u1eadt. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng t\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01a3 tr\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng, c\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 \u1edf, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh theo b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u2026 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n chung c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 Ng\u00f4 B\u00e1 Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cr\u1eebng lu\u1eadt - lu\u1eadt r\u1eebng\u201d \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3i t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 XHCN. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ch\u1ec9 ra sai l\u1ea7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c. Trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb, tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng an l\u00e0 hai c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n uy bao tr\u00f9m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p t\u1ed9i. Theo \u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng an tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00f2a \u00e1n k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i th\u01a3\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt XHCN, b\u1edfi v\u00ec: 227","\u201cC\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1eeba nhanh g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i mau \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y d\u01a3a, phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i v\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd l\u1ebd nh\u01a3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc t\u01a3 b\u1ea3n\u201d. Bao gi\u1edd \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1n c\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f4ng khai, kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean? Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh khi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u01a3 v\u1ea5n lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 t\u1ef1 do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01a3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 gi\u00fap ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001-2009, lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 trong n\u01a3\u1edbc t\u0103ng 250%, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2009 c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00f3 5.800 lu\u1eadt s\u01a3, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 16.000 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n\/lu\u1eadt s\u01a3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng nhanh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00edt so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc: Th\u00e1i Lan 1.526 d\u00e2n\/lu\u1eadt s\u01a3, Singapore 1.000 d\u00e2n\/lu\u1eadt s\u01a3, Nh\u1eadt 4.546 d\u00e2n\/lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 250 d\u00e2n\/lu\u1eadt s\u01a3. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hai \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: th\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf XHCN v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc (th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc) \u01a3u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u01a3a cao trong vi\u1ec7c tranh t\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng t\u01a3 ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi v\u01a3\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng so v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01a3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i trong n\u0103m 2009? Trong n\u01a3\u1edbc, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lo s\u1ee3 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m t\u1ea1o khe h\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u201cl\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt\u201d. V\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft, li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Th\u1eddi x\u01a3a, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i anh minh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eebng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb: \u201cTr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i sai kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, th\u01a3\u1edfng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t k\u1ebb th\u1ea5t phu. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi tr\u00ean, tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u00e1i gian c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb d\u01a3\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1n, s\u1eeda \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u sai, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Marx t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cD\u01a3\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01a3\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec con ng\u01a3\u1eddi\u201d. V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n b\u1ecb k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn oan sai, di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1ee5p m\u0169 v\u00e0 quy t\u1ed9i? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e2u kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i: \u201cS\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. N\u1ebfu tu\u00e2n theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Marx, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c! Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n th\u01a3\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh lu\u1eadt trong n\u01a3\u1edbc, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u1ea7n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Trong vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh lu\u1eadt, n\u00ean th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhanh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p - t\u01a3 ph\u00e1p - h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh, nghi\u00eam minh. V\u1ec1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng, c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tranh c\u00e3i. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn, trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n vi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khai k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n ngang nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i kia, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i \u201cphi M\u00e1c- x\u00edt\u201d. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai ban cho quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, thay th\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfm tr\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb vi\u1ebft n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan tranh c\u00f4ng, t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y khu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. T\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng, phong c\u00e1ch, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n\u2026 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01a3\u1eddi, mi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u1ea7n l\u1eafng nghe c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. C\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u01a3ng b\u00edt, bao v\u00e2y c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n: ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p b\u1eb1ng t\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5u m\u1eb7t; d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n t\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01a3ng \u201c\u0111\u00f3ng k\u1ecbch\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 228","ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n d\u01a3 lu\u1eadn, l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201ctrung h\u00f2a\u201d c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u2026 C\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chung, c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gay g\u1eaft. Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u201cth\u1ea5p c\u1ed5 b\u00e9 h\u1ecdng\u201d tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, tr\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ccon ki\u1ebfn \u0111i ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7 khoai\u201d khi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn cho c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. V\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y ra thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb, thi\u1ebfu l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u00e2m n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n oan v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u1ea3y ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t theo hai l\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i - tr\u00e1i. C\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do khi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1; trong khi \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i. C\u1ee9 so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u D\u01a3\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Thuy\u1ebft\u2026 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh hay C\u00f9 Huy H\u00e0 V\u0169, gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 Ho\u00e0ng T\u1ee5y hay Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 Chi\u2026 Kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec theo quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ng\u01a3\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u201cl\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00f4ng qua b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng LHQ gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2009 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c 100 trang, khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 20 trang. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3a tin trong n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. \u1ede \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng LHQ m\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u201cqu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 19 n\u01a3\u1edbc, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n nh\u01a3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 bao che nhau. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a3\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai trong n\u01a3\u1edbc. L\u00e0m nh\u01a3 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u01a3ng b\u00edt, \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o th\u00f4ng tin. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 b\u00e1o m\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do, ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft ngay chuy\u1ec7n l\u1eadp l\u1edd. M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103m 2009 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01a3 v\u1eady. Thi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y qua vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft giam nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1edb, c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt quy ch\u1ee5p h\u1ecd t\u1ed9i g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01a3\u1eddi tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed k\u00edn, t\u1eebng b\u01a3\u1edbc b\u1ecb x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u00fd ch\u00ed, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p. Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01a3\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p t\u1eebng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng t\u01a3\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c 2 \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u1ea7n l\u01a3\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1eddi. T\u01a3\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ngao ng\u00e1n th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0, t\u01a3\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Thanh tr\u00ean gi\u01a3\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh xe \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u t\u00f2a, cha Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n L\u00fd t\u1eeb b\u1ecb b\u1ecbt mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t n\u1eeda ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1i giam Ba Sao, c\u00e1c trang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed b\u00e1o t\u1ef1 do b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng minh ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng tin trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n. Bi\u1ebft bao s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9, nay \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 bung v\u00f2ng k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01a3\u1edbc ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t bao la v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do. M\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nghe r\u1ea5t quen l\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n l\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u00e2m hay t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn? Thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd do nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m, nh\u01a3ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i lo s\u1ee3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i \u201cg\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh\u201d l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u1ea3o \u201cra s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong t\u01a3\u1edfng t\u01a3\u1ee3ng th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n l\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf, nh\u01a3ng trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do, ch\u00e1nh t\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u trong B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea3y may \u0103n nh\u1eadp! N\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u01a3ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed sai, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. Nh\u01a3ng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc \u00c2u - M\u1ef9, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ch\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 GAP) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01a3\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, t\u01a3 v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p, g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u01a3\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u1eadt t\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch th\u00f4ng tin; T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Commom Cause 229","c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, lu\u00f4n n\u00eau cao kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: \u201cH\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u201d; T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00eam ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng th\u01a3\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 tranh c\u1eed, ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n, theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng theo d\u00f5i t\u00ednh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, theo d\u00f5i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u00dac c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Ombudsman ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tr\u01a3\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1n x\u1eed. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u chung m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9: t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 thanh tra nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh thanh tra nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, nh\u01a3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u thanh tra nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thanh tra \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, v\u1eeba th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4-2009 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Tri\u1ebft kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i\u201d. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 ai? Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: c\u00f3 \u00e2m m\u01a3u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecda ho\u1eb1n v\u00e0i v\u1ee5 tham nh\u0169ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n v\u01a3\u01a1n d\u00e0i c\u00e1i v\u00f2i b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c n\u1ed1i ra t\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kinh t\u1ebf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 H\u1ed3 V\u0103n Th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u201cNh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n) ch\u01a3a \u0111\u1ee7 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ch\u01a3a t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i\u201d. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 d\u00e2n v\u1eadn trong m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. D\u00e2n v\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n - kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u b\u1eadc ng\u1ea1ch, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ra sao khi ghi v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n l\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cv\u1ec7 tinh\u201d v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01a3\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y tham gia l\u1eadp ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u 69 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u1ebd nhanh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn, khi Lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng: k\u00e8m theo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 chung chung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo ch\u1ee7 quan, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c ch\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi l\u00fd do \u201cnh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u201d ho\u1eb7c b\u00ed m\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, lu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u01a3ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01a3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. C\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin theo ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01a3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u2026 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin trung th\u1ef1c. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ef1 do. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thanh tra nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng, v\u1ec7 sinh an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean tai, quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9\u2026 C\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1t quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00eau l\u00ean ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u01a3 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u01a3ng b\u00edt v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o tr\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Barack Obama t\u1eebng cho bi\u1ebft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3: \u201cN\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nghe, n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m\u201d. Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh T\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh danh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh danh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n 230","d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qua b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01a3 v\u1eady. Ch\u00ednh danh l\u00e0 sau khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai, n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc \u201cdanh ch\u00ednh\u201d th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u201cng\u00f4n thu\u1eadn\u201d trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 \u201cch\u00ednh danh\u201d c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u201cminh \u0111\u1ecbnh trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n nay, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u, mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec7m, b\u00e3i nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc, Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m, mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01a3\u1edbng, B\u1ed9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nh\u01a3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 \u201ch\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a\u201d k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01a3 Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y: \u201cChuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 83 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 3 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi\u201d. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u01a3 v\u1eady hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh. C\u0169ng theo lu\u1eadt s\u01a3, v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i k\u1ef3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghe th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng, Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Tri\u1ebft v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u201ct\u1ea5n phong\u201d v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c tranh c\u1eed, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tin t\u01a3\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i cao t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cch\u01a3a hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i chung c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i\u201d, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u1edf c\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u201cquy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang\u201d. Lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u201cqu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng\u201d so v\u1edbi ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh c\u1eed, ch\u1ee9ng minh kinh nghi\u1ec7m ngh\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Cho n\u00ean, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u00fang cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng khi nghe c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01a3\u1edfng bi\u1ec7n minh cho y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng, trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n An t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1eed - D\u00e2n b\u1ea7u\u201d \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 \u1edf ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch x\u00e3, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa? \u2026 C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 98-99 % c\u1eed tri \u0111i b\u1ea7u li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng, hay trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u h\u1ed9, b\u1ea7u cho xong chuy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay d\u00e2n hay thay nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00ec n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ch\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, h\u1eefu danh v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c\u201d. Nh\u01a3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i thay, bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m thay. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p nh\u01a3 v\u1eady c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh. Th\u1eed nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 quan: ng\u1ed3i ch\u01a1i x\u01a1i n\u01a3\u1edbc, game v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng, nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u hay thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, ch\u01a3a h\u1ebft gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng s\u1edf, l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1eadu v\u00e0 l\u00fac nh\u1eadu b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n k\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n nh\u1eadu), h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111i l\u00e0m ng\u00e0nh kia, ch\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1ng gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb k\u1ebb d\u1ed1t \u201cch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u01a3\u01a1ng nh\u01a3 nhau, xem x\u00e9t quy ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, trong s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ban h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m cho l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i ngay, c\u00f3 ban h\u00e0nh nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01a3\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, ban h\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u201ct\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng\u201d \u1edf c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ecb \u201cb\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng khen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u thi \u0111ua. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u01a3 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh danh. Tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 cao tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01a3ng \u201cs\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u l\u00ean l\u00e3o l\u00e0ng\u201d, l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a3\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o nh\u01a3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i chi 40% ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch trong t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ee9c chi r\u1ea5t cao so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 chi \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 l\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u01a3\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, tham 231","nh\u0169ng. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1edf v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ng\u1ea7m d\u00e3y th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c: c\u00f3 l\u00fd l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o - \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u1eeda sau - c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u00ecn trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n 5C (con ch\u00e1u c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3). Nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf th\u00ec Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh danh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? L\u00e2u nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nghe th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd\u2026 D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3, t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng con ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy, nh\u1eefng lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 tan bi\u1ebfn\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: th\u01a3\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tam quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p; duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ea7n trung th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi; con ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i qua b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. T\u01a3\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb: \\\"C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong hai t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o: Ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh. Ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i n\u1eeda n\u1ecd n\u1eeda kia nh\u1eadp nh\u1eb1ng\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb, c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y b\u1ea5t minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh danh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u1eebng t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i trong v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c 2 \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01a3a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, t\u1ea1o ra tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e0m \u0103n phi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i trong m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, b\u00f2n r\u00fat t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia, b\u1eaft ng\u01a3\u1eddi tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng\u2026 C\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean li\u00eam ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft h\u00e0i h\u00f2a l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u1edbi ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n, gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, h\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2026 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Cho d\u00f9 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 mong \u01a3\u1edbc, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng tin t\u01a3\u1edfng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, trao l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n vai tr\u00f2 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. T\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3ng hay nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, thay th\u1ebf h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00fd l\u1ecbch, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn lo s\u1ee3 ngay t\u1eeb trong B\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01a3\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1ecb. V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, nguy\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n An cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0m thay nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc song h\u00e0nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau th\u00ec nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao, thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n. \u00d4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i k\u1ef5!\u201d Cho n\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc. C\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh danh l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh danh, ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n n\u1eefa. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1946 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a I th\u00f4ng qua, nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01a3\u1edbc k\u00fd ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi. M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01a3ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd ban h\u00e0nh? R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 danh x\u01a3ng, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi t\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai. N\u1ebfu Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1946 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c k\u00fd ban h\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n hoi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1959. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 XHCN. Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u201cl\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i\u201d ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ca ng\u1ee3i Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1946 l\u00e0 \u201cvi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u2026 Nh\u01a3ng t\u1ea1i sao Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ca ng\u1ee3i? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01a3\u1edbc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1959, 1980, 1992 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cl\u00e1 232","b\u00f9a\u201d. Kho\u1ea3ng 30 n\u0103m v\u1edbi ba l\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam b\u1ed5 sung C\u01a3\u01a1ng l\u0129nh 1991, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u0169ng nh\u01a3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3. Cho n\u00ean, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tr\u01a3ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u00e0 vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u01a3a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m (mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m. Ph\u1ea3i xem hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt g\u1ed1c, l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n chung t\u1ed1i th\u01a3\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01a3\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. Lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh quy ch\u1ee5p, d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ban so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00f2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh. C\u1ea7n thu nh\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu tr\u01a3\u1edbc khi ban h\u00e0nh. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3a v\u00e0o hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ngay t\u1eeb trong nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Ban so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trung th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch quan trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn\u201d x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01a3\u1edfng hy v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cao. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p cao h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang xu h\u01a3\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u2026 th\u00ec con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n\u201d nh\u01a3 m\u1ed9t t\u01a3 duy m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Barack Obama. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1787, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a b\u1ed5 sung hay thay th\u1ebf. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? Trong khi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01a3\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, t\u1ed9i danh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a3\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc. Theo m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Dedmann (Hoa K\u1ef3), m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eebng n\u01a1i t\u1eebng l\u00fac, t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi hay t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u201ct\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u00ean trong, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng\u201d. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u00e1t k\u00e9p, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng t\u1ed3n\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng bao qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00fang t\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam l\u00fang t\u00fang b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n \u0111u\u1ed5i theo n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i b\u01a3\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi khung hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, lu\u1eadt \u0111i c\u00e0ng xa th\u00ec t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01a3\u1edfng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng y\u1ebfu, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi hi\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cCh\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u00f2n tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt vi hi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf, xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u201d. 233","Nh\u00ecn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103m 2004 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u201cgi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u201d sang \u201ckhuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1\u201d. T\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng \u201cBa \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\u201d \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u201cd\u0129 nh\u00e2n vi b\u1ea3n\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ed3n vinh l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t\u201d. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf phi c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu\u201d. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cV\u0103n minh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3a v\u00e0o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i cao n\u00e0y, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa v\u0103n minh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh tinh th\u1ea7n. Sau th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cnh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d v\u00e0o th\u1eb3ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p khi cam k\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 chung c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cT\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u01a3 h\u1eefu h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m\u201d. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u201ct\u01a3 h\u1eefu h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u01a3 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c do tham nh\u0169ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo h\u01a3\u1edbng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi, trong khi l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 xem \u201cnh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9\u2026 Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01a3\u1eddi, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p? Sau khi ban h\u00e0nh hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt, nh\u01a3ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e9t x\u1eed nh\u1eefng vi hi\u1ebfn v\u1ed1n cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt? Nh\u01a3 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 T\u00f2a \u00e1n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, h\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n. \u1ede c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, T\u00f2a \u00e1n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 v\u1eefng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 T\u00f2a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. D\u00f9 sao, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. T\u00f2a \u00e1n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u1ed1i th\u01a3\u1ee3ng, tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng song h\u00e0nh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e2u nay t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u201cc\u1ee7a D\u00e2n, do D\u00e2n, v\u00ec D\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u201cc\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, do \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nguy\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n An tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Lu\u1eadt tr\u01a3ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u01a3 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hay li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3a ra d\u00e2n ph\u00fac quy\u1ebft\u201d. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u1ea7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khi cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1eeb c\u1ed5 ch\u00ed kim, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi t\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u01a3\u1ee3t l\u00ean l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t ra hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 tham m\u01a3u t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u1eadp ra hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. **** Tr\u1ea3i qua ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tham nh\u0169ng l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn h\u1ea7u nh\u01a3 \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111an b\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc. M\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u1eabn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7, v\u1eeba b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, v\u1eeba b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba b\u1ecb \u0111em b\u00e1n hay cho n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i thu\u00ea. Ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o \u0111ang l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac l\u1edbn m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung, th\u00e2u t\u00f3m b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, nay v\u1eabn b\u1ebf t\u1eafc ch\u01a3a c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7. Ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 san b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c 234","ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 che \u0111\u1eady s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb che m\u1eaft b\u1ecbt tai n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd ghi r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem th\u01a3\u1eddng c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn hay \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00e0n di\u1ec5n \u201cb\u00ecnh c\u0169 r\u01a3\u1ee3u m\u1edbi\u201d tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0nh t\u01a3 ph\u00e1p, l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch phe nh\u00f3m, tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh cho nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef thanh danh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nguy c\u01a1 \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i l\u01a3\u1ee1i b\u00f2\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n n\u01a3\u1edbc xanh\u201d, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb M\u00f3ng C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e0 Mau ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01a3\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chung \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tr\u00ean tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn b\u1ebf t\u1eafc trong t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n hay th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo hay ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i th\u1eadt l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch hay s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb? Sau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh xu th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, h\u01a3\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01a3 v\u1eady, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Xu th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01a3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p xu th\u1ebf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Xu th\u1ebf \u1ea5y t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng, sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Xu th\u1ebf \u1ea5y \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 duy tr\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u0103m lo c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh danh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u2026 Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra 25 n\u0103m nay t\u1eebng b\u01a3\u1edbc l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, cu\u1ed1n ph\u0103ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u00e0u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t\u201d. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01a3 v\u1eady, nh\u01a3ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t. \u00c2m th\u1ea7m v\u00ec s\u1ee3 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u00fd t\u01a3\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, \u0111i ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u01a3\u01a1ng l\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau - \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. Tr\u01a3\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ba ph\u01a3\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01a3 hi\u1ec7n nay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n; thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eebng b\u01a3\u1edbc nh\u01a3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau; thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i sau khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea1ch tr\u01a1n, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebf th\u1eeba trong \u00f4n h\u00f2a. Ph\u01a3\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i gi\u1eabm ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Ph\u01a3\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00eam l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ph\u01a3\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tr\u01a3\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u0103n minh. Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho tri\u1ec3n h\u01a3\u1edbng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 t\u01a3\u01a1ng lai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. 235","L\u1edcI K\u1ebeT Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng t\u1eeb xa x\u01a3a, qua ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, b\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0o hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Li\u00ean X\u00f4, r\u1ed3i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, l\u00e0 giao \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u0103n minh. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c lu\u00f4n n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, bi\u1ebft \u201ckhoan th\u01a3 s\u1ee9c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ebf s\u00e2u r\u1ec5 b\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c\u201d. Trong n\u01a3\u1edbc, ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn, hy sinh. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7u ki\u1ec1u b\u00e0o v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng LHQ, tham gia v\u00e0o WTO, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, k\u00fd k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng hay thu h\u1eb9p n\u1ed9i dung. Con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01a3\u01a1ng lai t\u01a3\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u01a3\u01a1ng cao hai ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 CNXH, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, trong khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u x\u01a3\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn! Ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd CNXH c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u00e1m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea3n sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1. B\u01a3\u1edbc qua chi\u1ebfn tranh, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc sau 1954 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01a3\u1edbc sau 1975, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu bao tang th\u01a3\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu sau th\u1eddi gian \u201c\u0111i t\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d nh\u01a3ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u201cd\u1ee5c t\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t\u201d. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ra \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 xu h\u01a3\u1edbng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01a3\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Cho n\u00ean, ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd CNXH t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ef3 v\u00f4 phong\u201d. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eebng l\u1ea7n l\u01a3\u1ee3t ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Bao nhi\u00eau c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ea5n h\u01a3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. \u0110\u1ea3ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi li\u00ean minh c\u00f4ng - n\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. Khi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 tay \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sang h\u01a3\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng - n\u00f4ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01a3ng \u1edf v\u00e0i b\u1eadc thang th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t! \u0110\u00e3 v\u1eady, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh XHCN \u201ch\u1eefu danh v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c\u201d. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01a3 nguy\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110o\u00e0n K\u1ebft Ba Lan Lech Walesa \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cCNCS l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn CNTB\u201d. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n trung th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec nay b\u1ecb che l\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1? CNCS t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec? Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc khi thu\u1ea7n phong m\u1ef9 t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n vinh c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n; ngh\u0129 g\u00ec khi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n t\u0103ng, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p; ngh\u0129 g\u00ec khi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u2026 \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hai m\u1eb7t: n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o sai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung b\u1ecb v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng sai l\u1ec7ch, t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, t\u1ef1 do l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u01a3ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1ecf hai t\u1eeb \u201cduy nh\u1ea5t\u201d trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n nh\u01a3ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung nh\u01a3ng th\u1ef1c thi trong n\u01a3\u1edbc thi\u1ebfu\u2026 L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n h\u00e3y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00ec sao h\u1ecd ra \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c song song qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng, c\u1ea3 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ng\u01a3\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng khai thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf hai l\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i - ph\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 2-2010, t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc Hi\u00ean \u0111\u01a3a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t trong h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01a3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111ang l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n! Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u201cqu\u1ea3\u201d c\u1ee7a 20 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n di\u1ec5n ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 80 n\u0103m tr\u01a3\u1edbc? 236","V\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i t\u1eebng hy sinh, n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01a3\u1edbc. V\u1ec1 oan sai, ng\u00e0y nay nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vay - tr\u1ea3, nh\u01a3ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1eddi xin l\u1ed7i th\u1eadt t\u00e2m nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1edfi m\u1edf t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u01a3 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n \u00fd, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, t\u00ecnh ng\u01a3\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u00e2m h\u01a3\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01a3\u01a1ng lai. H\u00e2n hoan g\u1eb7p nhau trong tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m cho truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u201cCon L\u1ea1c - Ch\u00e1u H\u1ed3ng\u201d v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u2026 C\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mong m\u1ecfi t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u: n\u0103m 1945, n\u0103m 1954, n\u0103m 1975\u2026 \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01a3a th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 do: l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai b\u00fat v\u00e0 khai kh\u1ea9u, nh\u01a3ng ch\u01a3a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 khai t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong v\u00e0 d\u01a3\u1edbi hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p - ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u201cl\u00f2ng d\u00e2n\u201d duy t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, nghi\u00eam t\u00fac t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01a3\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n 85 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, quan ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh\u2026 c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111i ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfp theo m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3ng ti\u00ean phong \u201cm\u1ed9t b\u01a3\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn hai b\u01a3\u1edbc l\u00f9i\u201d \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 ba t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c, thi\u1ebfu d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m! Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda sai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. C\u00e1c ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u01a3\u1eddng ca ng\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201cD\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u0103n minh\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u01a3u vi\u1ec7t. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu r\u1ea5t xa. X\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, nh\u01a3ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u01a3a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu. Nh\u1eefng ca ng\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 che \u0111\u1eady b\u1ebf t\u1eafc m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft do xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u2026 H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a WB n\u0103m 2009 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu 51 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi Indonesia, 95 n\u0103m v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 158 n\u0103m v\u1edbi Singapore! C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, thu nh\u1eadp, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u01a3 ph\u00e1p, t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e1o trong n\u01a3\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y: t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, n\u1ee3 vay n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t, tham nh\u0169ng, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u01a3\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a gi\u00e0u - ngh\u00e8o gay g\u1eaft, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u01a3\u1edbc ti\u00ean t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ed1n cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 tham m\u01a3u\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong\u201d nh\u01a3ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng sai l\u1ea7m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ch\u1eadm s\u1eeda sai, s\u1eeda sai kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng loay hoay lau ch\u00f9i bao l\u1ea7n c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u01a3\u1edbt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e1i hay thay nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m che c\u0169 n\u00e1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u! \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n gi\u1ea5u \u0111i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, tham v\u1ecdng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf mu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, v\u01a3\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m tay. Nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y k\u1ebb th\u00f9, th\u1ea5y di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, th\u1ea5y l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n - t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m b\u1ea5t t\u01a3\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc, c\u00f2n ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n cho v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ch\u01a3a nguy, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n nguy h\u01a1n! \u00d4ng \u0110\u1eb7ng Qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o t\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c suy \u0111\u1ed3i, tham nh\u0169ng b\u1ea5t tr\u1ecb lan tr\u00e0n v\u00ec l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi n\u00f3. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, v\u00ec l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u00e1, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5, ch\u00ednh k\u1ebb bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1, t\u1ef1 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y!\u201d. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u00ec bao t\u00e2m t\u01a3, lo l\u1eafng, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, nghi ng\u1edd, b\u1eadn t\u00e2m\u2026 t\u1eeb trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ra to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c tr\u00fat b\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u00e0o: \u201cV\u00f9ng l\u00ean h\u1ee1i ai c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng\u201d, t\u1eadp trung ng\u01a3\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n oan l\u00e0m cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u. Kh\u00f4ng binh bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u2026 N\u00e2ng cao \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01a3 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan Chu Trinh: khai d\u00e2n tr\u00ed - ch\u1ea5n d\u00e2n kh\u00ed - h\u1eadu d\u00e2n sinh trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u00f4m nay. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecf h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01a3\u1ee3ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ecm ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n oan, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n 237","gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc sinh sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t bi\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01a3\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m\u201d cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u2026 Ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0m \u201ccon \u0111\u1ed9i\u201d cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e2u nay. \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a3a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng trang v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, c\u01a3\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, thi\u1ebfu tin t\u01a3\u1edfng nh\u01a3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01a3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean li\u00eam khi\u1ebft, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi cho l\u00fd t\u01a3\u1edfng thi\u1ebfu trong s\u00e1ng, hy sinh cho thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n \u00fd. V\u00e0 bao tr\u00f9m l\u00e0 h\u01a1n t\u00e1m m\u01a3\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ecb v\u1eaft ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c cho \u201cth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng CNXH kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu d\u0169ng kh\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng minh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu \u201cnguy\u00ean kh\u00ed qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01a3\u1eddi. Quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i b\u1ecb t\u01a3\u1edbc m\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhu nh\u01a3\u1ee3c, nay \u0111ang \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01a3 L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh: \u201cXin \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 nhu nh\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1c nh\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh, thi\u1ebfu ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. T\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0: qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1eeb nay, nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ti\u00ean phong ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u201cch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7t g\u1eedi v\u00e0ng\u201d, ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc. L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean Con \u0110\u01a3\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o song tr\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u201cg\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng\u201d, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00f2n ch\u01a3a \u201cch\u00ednh danh\u201d. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1945, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc. Nh\u01a3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n m\u00e0 xa r\u1eddi d\u00e2n, ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n lo s\u1ee3 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ea5y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t tr\u1ecb. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n bao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u1ea5y c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do: c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean do thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n sinh l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 \u201cch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t\u201d cung c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f3. H\u1ebft h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u1ea5y, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: th\u00f4i n\u1ea1p ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01a3\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tr\u1ea3 th\u1ebb ra kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01a3\u1edfng l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01a3\u1eddi. R\u1eddi b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhau. Trong tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean tham gia t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb - h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp - nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ecbnh v\u01a3\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con ng\u01a3\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i \u0111a, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u2026 m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hay t\u01a3 t\u01a3\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p - ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a3\u1edbng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 vi hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f4ng khai, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. C\u00f3 Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch quanh co ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh tin c\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m\u2026 238","Ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc minh b\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00fd do k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01a3 v\u1eady, Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi h\u01a3\u1edbng t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01a3\u1edbng: Th\u01a3\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng minh trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt gi\u00fap x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1ec7 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i sai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sai. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ban ph\u00e1t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c tham nh\u0169ng, l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n, t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tr\u00ean h\u1ebft v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp nhanh v\u00e0o chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n minh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m son tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u00e3y ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, h\u00e3y c\u00f3 l\u01a3\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, h\u00e3y v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01a3\u01a1ng lai - c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng chung tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u01a3\u1edbng m\u1edf h\u00f4m nay: CON \u0110\u01a2\u1edcNG VI\u1ec6T NAM. H\u1ebft. 239","CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH [1], [3], [7], [8], [11]. Tr\u00edch trong \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01a3 do Vi\u1ec7n Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 1985 \u0111\u1ebfn 1992 (t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n in n\u0103m Ch\u00ednh H\u00f2a th\u1ee9 18 (1697) l\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c quan b\u1ea3n) v\u00e0 NXB Khoa H\u1ecdc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1993. [2]. Tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn M\u00ea Linh thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng H\u1ea1 L\u00f4i, huy\u1ec7n M\u00ea Linh, t\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac (c\u0169), nay n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng M\u00ea Linh thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng H\u1ea1 L\u00f4i nh\u01a3ng \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea1ch Th\u1ea5t, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y (c\u0169). [5], [9], [10]. Tr\u00edch trong Ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 An Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed, n\u1eb1m trong T\u00f9ng th\u01a3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 v\u0103n gia ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n theo d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ed3m 17 ch\u01a3\u01a1ng h\u1ed3i. Hi\u1ec7n s\u01a3u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c 12 d\u1ecb b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft tay. [6]. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1984 t\u1ea1i V\u01a3\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh (Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 danh s\u00e1ch 10 nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01a3\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 anh h\u00f9ng Tr\u1ea7n H\u01a3ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. [12]. \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c, Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng Th\u00e2u, NXB H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1982. [13]. UNESCO vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization; ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a LHQ. C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp UNESCO n\u00eau m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m \u201cth\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01a3\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, nam n\u1eef, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u2026\u201d. [14]. Ng\u00e0y 31-1-2003, UNESCO \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 trao B\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho Nh\u00e3 nh\u1ea1c cung \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf. H\u01a1n 1.500 ng\u01a3\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi, Vi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec1u, du h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed\u2026 tham d\u1ef1. Sau l\u1ec5, 20 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cung \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01a3 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Kh\u00ea gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e3 nh\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a so v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c cung \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a3\u1edbc. [15]. Trong s\u1ed1 43 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a 46 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee3t 3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 25-11-2005, c\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed3ng chi\u00eang T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. [16], [17]. Ng\u00e0y 1-10- 2009, t\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 4 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00f4ng \u01a3\u1edbc UNESCO B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Abu Dhabi thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u V\u01a3\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c A-r\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, d\u00e2n ca quan h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 76 di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c trao b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (trong t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 111 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed t\u1eeb 34 qu\u1ed1c gia, tr\u1ea3i qua ba v\u00f2ng th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh khoa h\u1ecdc). C\u0169ng \u1edf k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, ca tr\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 12 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p (trong t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 15 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a 9 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd). [18]. Ng\u00e0y 30-7-2009, m\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u1ee6y ban k\u00fd \u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01a3\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a UNESCO \u0111\u01a3a v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n t\u01a3 li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed9c Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cK\u00fd \u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d (Memory of the World). Ng\u00e0y 9-3- 2010, trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u01a3\u1eddng ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban, trong 8\/11 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eedi \u1ee9ng c\u1eed \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u00e1c khoa thi ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea - M\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu - Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n t\u01a3 li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed9c ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. [19]. Tr\u00edch trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9\u201d, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Anh, NXB V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, 2008 (trang 128). 240","[20]. OSS vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh: Office Strategic Services (C\u01a1 quan ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01a3\u1ee3c). AOWI vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh: Americans Office of War Information (C\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin chi\u1ebfn tranh). Hai c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y do Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u1eadp ra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n hai, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf C\u00f4n Minh (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) n\u0103m 1942, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u01a3 \u0111o\u00e0n 14 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c AGAS (Air Ground Aid Service - Ban kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t). [21]. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01a1 quan ngo\u1ea1i giao Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p khi \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 A.E Bogomolov chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao trong n\u01a3\u1edbc th\u00f4ng tin H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u201cchuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01a3\u01a1ng d\u01a3\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban an ninh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Anh, M\u1ef9, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u201cKremli v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d thu\u1ed9c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01a3u tr\u1eef th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4, do B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Nga c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. [22]. Tr\u00edch trong s\u00e1ch \u201cQuan h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t - M\u1ef9 1939-1954\u201d, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m Thu Nga, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2004 (trang 161). [23]. Tr\u00edch trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u201cTh\u00e1ng T\u00e1m c\u1edd bay\u201d c\u1ee7a V\u0169 \u0110\u00ecnh Hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean B\u00e1o V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 36 ng\u00e0y 4-9-1993, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho bi\u1ebft H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cLi\u00ean X\u00f4 ch\u01a3a th\u1ec3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ta ngay trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm\u2026, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ta m\u00e0 ta thua th\u00ec r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao l\u1eafm\u201d. [24]. ICC vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh: International Control Commission; ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: \u1ee7y h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn; g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc Canada, Ba Lan, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. [25]. Tr\u00edch trong s\u00e1ch \u201cT\u1eadp b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng CSVN\u201d, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb xa, 2007 (trang 15). [26]. CIA vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh: Central Intelligence Agency (C\u01a1 quan T\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Trung \u01a3\u01a1ng Hoa K\u1ef3). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u2026 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p; tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3. Tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh \u1edf Langley, Virginia. [27]. ODP vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh: Orderly Departure Program (Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ra \u0111i c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1) cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o l\u00e3nh th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, g\u1ed3m ba lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n: HO, U11 v\u00e0 V11. Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh HO d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01a3\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 VNCH \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 hay v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ch\u1ebft trong tr\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1edbi ra tr\u1ea1i ch\u01a3a \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00ec ch\u1ebft. Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh U11 d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ef1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 V11 d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ef1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u00e3ng t\u01a3 nh\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 - nh\u1eefng ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1edf l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01a3\u01a1ng trong 5 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. HR: vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh Humanitarian Resettlement Program. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01a3 HO, U11 v\u00e0 V11 nh\u01a3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1994. [28]. SEV vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfng Nga: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 Sovyet Ekonomi\u010deskoy Vzaimopomo\u0161\u010di; ti\u1ebfng Anh: Council of Mutual Economic Assistance; ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc XHCN; th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 8-11-1949 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 n\u0103m 1991, bao g\u1ed3m 9 n\u01a3\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean: Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Bungari, Romani, Hungary, CHDC \u0110\u1ee9c, Ba Lan, Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc, Cu Ba v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. [29]. Tr\u00edch trong \u201c\u0110\u00eam tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d, NXB Tr\u1ebb, 2006. [30]. Tr\u00edch trong s\u00e1ch \u201cT\u1eadp b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng CSVN\u201d, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, 2007 (trang 182). 241","[31]. NEP vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfng Anh: The New Economic Policy (Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi), ti\u1ebfng Nga l\u00e0: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u041d\u042d\u041f, Novaya Ekonomicheskaya Politika, do Lenin \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1921 sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01a3\u1eddi Nga, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ebf b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. [32]. \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n 112 nh\u1eb1m trang b\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, tin h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh 10 n\u0103m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 2001, do Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc vay 45 tri\u1ec7u USD \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. [33]. ADB vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfng Anh: The Asian Development Bank (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u \u00c1), th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1966, tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Manila (Philippines). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u0103ng tr\u01a3\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. [34]. WB vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfng Anh: World Bank Group (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. WB bao g\u1ed3m 5 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean: Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, H\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, C\u00f4ng ty t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Trung t\u00e2m Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01a3, C\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng. [35]. Tr\u00edch trong Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp C. Mac - Ph. Engels, NXB S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1991, t\u1eadp 2 trang 250. [36]. WTO vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m ti\u1ebfng Anh: World Trade Organization (T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01a3\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi), ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf quan v\u00e0 th\u01a3\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - GATT). WTO ra \u0111\u1eddi theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00fd t\u1ea1i Marrakesh ng\u00e0y 15-4-1994, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y 1-1-1995. Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau 11 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, ng\u00e0y 7.11.2006 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng WTO th\u00f4ng qua v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ee9 150 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. [37], [38]. \u201cPeace Corps\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 150.000 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1edf 70 n\u01a3\u1edbc\u201d.C\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 USAID) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c thi\u00ean tai, t\u00e0n s\u00e1t. C\u1ea3 hai c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb 1961, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. [39]. Tr\u00edch trong b\u00e0i \u201cCh\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng - nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9\u201d \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 9\/2006. [40]. Tr\u00edch trong Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3, BCHTW kh\u00f3a X v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng c\u01a3\u1eddng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. [41]. Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ban T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u1eb1m trong t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1eadt t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2009 (trang 50). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft sau \u0111\u00e2y: TBCN (t\u01a3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a) ho\u1eb7c CNTB (ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01a3 b\u1ea3n), XHCN (x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a) ho\u1eb7c CNXH (ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i), CNCS (ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n) ho\u1eb7c CSCN (c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a), \u00c2L (\u00c2m l\u1ecbch), TCN (tr\u01a3\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean), LHQ (Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c), NXB (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n), USD (M\u1ef9 kim). 242","T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O 01. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Qu\u1ef3nh C\u01a3 - \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f9ng, NXB Thanh ni\u00ean, n\u0103m 1995. 02. Th\u1ebf th\u1ee9 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u vua Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Thu\u1ea7n, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u0103m 1996. 03. C\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc Th\u00eam, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n 2, n\u0103m 2000. 04. 100 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay nh\u1ea5t, Th\u00e1i \u0110\u1eafc Xu\u00e2n s\u01a3u t\u1ea7m tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a - Th\u00f4ng tin, n\u0103m 2004. 05. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed giai tho\u1ea1i (8 t\u1eadp), Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Thu\u1ea7n, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u0103m 1994. 06. B\u1ee9c tranh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef - v\u0103n h\u00f3a - t\u1ed9c ng\u01a3\u1eddi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u1ee9c D\u01a3\u01a1ng, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m 2007. 07. Non n\u01a3\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. NXB V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin, n\u0103m 2009. 08. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, NXB S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n 2, n\u0103m 1986. 09. T\u1eadp b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, 2007. 10. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, NXB Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m 2009. 11. Danh nh\u00e2n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (t\u1eadp 1, 2) Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 VN, NXB Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, n\u0103m 2006. 12. Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Furata Motoo, NXB Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, n\u0103m 1998. 13. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eadu M\u1ef9, Fareed Zakaria, NXB Tri th\u1ee9c&Alphabooks, n\u0103m 2009. 14. T\u01a3 duy kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng gian nan v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c 1975-1989, \u0110\u1eb7ng Phong, NXB Tri th\u1ee9c, n\u0103m 2008. 15. Quan h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t - M\u1ef9 1939 - 1954, Ph\u1ea1m Thu Nga, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m 2004. 16. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1eb3ng, Thomas L. Friedman, NXB Tr\u1ebb t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 4, n\u0103m 2008. 17. Chia tay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. H\u00e0 S\u0129 Phu. 18. B\u00fat k\u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u201c\u0110i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.\u201d Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1ea3i. 19. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n nay - Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3). NXB Tri th\u1ee9c, n\u0103m 2008. 20. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc - Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n (nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3). NXB Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - H\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, n\u0103m 2009. 21. C\u00e1c t\u01a3 li\u1ec7u s\u01a3u t\u1ea7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1c b\u00e1o m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01a3\u1edbc, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n nay. 243","M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C Trang 1 L\u1edcI N\u00d3I \u0110\u1ea6U Trang 2 CH\u1ee6 BI\u00caN CU\u1ed0N S\u00c1CH \u201cCON \u0110\u01a2\u1edcNG VI\u1ec6T NAM\u201d Trang 4 Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng I: CHA \u00d4NG KHAI M\u1ede CON \u0110\u01a2\u1edcNG Trang 7 Trang 14 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c Trang 53 Trang 70 C\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n Kh\u00f4ng gian c\u01a3 tr\u00fa Trang 80 Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c Trang 97 Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 Trang 102 Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c - Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1ebb vang \u0110\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i giao Ch\u1ed1ng H\u00e1n h\u00f3a L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, t\u00e2m linh M\u1edf mang b\u1edd c\u00f5i Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thi c\u1eed B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 L\u00e0ng x\u00e3 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac L\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng II: \u0110I QUA HAI CU\u1ed8C CHI\u1ebeN TRANH T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858 \u0111\u1ebfn 1930 Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01a3\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u00f4n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01a3\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01a3\u1edbc Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u Ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n - phong ki\u1ebfn Tr\u01a3\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 1945 Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00fd ngh\u0129a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ra \u0111\u1eddi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1946 Hai b\u1edd v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17 Ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01a3\u1eddng hai l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc XHCN (1954 - 1975) \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam (1955 - 1963) \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (1963 - 1975) Hai l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhau B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ed9i dung Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris Th\u00e1ng 4-1975 Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng III: \u0110\u1ea4T N\u01a2\u1edaC TH\u1ed0NG NH\u1ea4T \u0110\u1ebeN TH\u1edcI K\u1ef2 \u0110\u1ed4I M\u1edaI Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau 1975 C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng sai l\u1ea7m 244","C\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp Trang 115 Thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n v\u01a3\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n Trang 126 Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc Tr\u01a3\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi Trang 158 N\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 tr\u01a3\u01a1ng Trang 193 Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u201cxi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i\u201d Trang 208 CNCS s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi Trang 236 T\u1eebng b\u01a3\u1edbc n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn ra \u0111\u1eddi C\u01a3\u01a1ng l\u0129nh 1991 Trang 240 Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi Trang 243 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 XHCN Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qua v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 1980 v\u00e0 1992 Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a3\u1edbc Ch\u01a3\u01a1ng IV: CH\u1eb6NG \u0110\u01a2\u1edcNG HI\u1ec6N T\u1ea0I V\u00c0 TRI\u1ec2N H\u01a2\u1edaNG T\u01a2\u01a0NG LAI Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t Tham nh\u0169ng, l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n M\u00f4i tr\u01a3\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111ang b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng H\u1ed1 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf phe c\u00e1nh \u201ct\u01a3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecf\u201d \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p Ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a3\u1edbc \u0110\u01a3\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i giao B\u00e0i to\u00e1n nan gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng tin V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1eddi h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Xu th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i cho h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 K\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5n h\u01a3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Quan t\u00e2m an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n T\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1eddi Th\u01a3\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt Nh\u00e0 n\u01a3\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n L\u1edcI K\u1ebeT CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O 245"]