Bibliography_Formats

BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMATSA bibliography should cite all the sources used in preparing a speech—including Internet documents,personal interviews, and television programs, as well as print materials such as books, newspaper andmagazine articles, reference works, government documents, and the like. There are a number ofbibliographical formats, and you should check with your instructor to see which she or he wants youto follow. Examples of the two major formats—from the American Psychological Association (APA)and the Modern Language Association (MLA)—are provided below. Book: Single AuthorMLA Ramos, Jorge. Dying to Cross: The Worst Immigrant Tragedy in American History. New York: Harper, 2005.APA Ramos, J. (2005). Dying to cross: The worst immigrant tragedy in American history. New York: HarperCollins. Book: Two or More AuthorsMLA Levitt, Steven D., and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: Morrow-Harper, 2005.APA Levitt, S. D., & Dubner, S. J. (2005). Freakonomics: A rogue economist explores the hidden side of everything. New York: William Morrow. Book: Second or Later EditionMLA Fishman, Stephen. The Public Domain: How to Find & Use Copyright-Free Writings, Music, Art & More. 2nd ed. Berkeley: Nolo, 2004.APA Fishman, S. (2004). The public domain: How to find & use copyright-free writings, music, art, & more (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Nolo. Book: Corporate AuthorMLA Mayo Clinic Health Information. Mayo Clinic Guide to Women’s Cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information, 2005.APA Mayo Clinic Health Information. (2005). Mayo clinic guide to women’s cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information. Book: Anthology or CompilationMLA Sloane, Thomas O., ed. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.APA Sloane, T. O. (Ed.). (2001). Encyclopedia of rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press.

Chapter in Anthology or CompilationMLA Lucas, Stephen E. “Public Speaking.” Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Ed. Thomas O. Sloane. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 640-47.APA Lucas, S. E. (2001). Public Speaking. In T. O. Sloane (Ed.), Encyclopedia of rhetoric (pp. 640-647). New York: Oxford University Press. Signed Magazine ArticleMLA Johnson, Steven. “Your Brain on Video Games: Could They Actually be Good for You?” Discover July 2005: 38-43.APA Johnson, S. (2005, July). Your brain on video games: Could they actually be good for you? Discover, 26, 38-43. Unsigned Magazine ArticleMLA “Banking for Native Americans: On the Trail.” Economist 19 Feb. 2005: 70.APA Banking for Native Americans: On the trail. (2005, February 19). Economist, 374, 70. Journal Article, Continuous PaginationMLA Molinsky, Andrew L., Mary Anne Krabbenhoft, Nalini Ambady, and Y. Susan Choi. “Cracking the Nonverbal Code: Intercultural Competence and Gesture Recognition Across Cultures.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 36 (2005): 380-395.APA Molinsky, A. L., Krabbenhoft, M. A., Ambady, N., & Choi, Y.S. (2005). Cracking the nonverbal code: Intercultural competence and gesture recognition across cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 380-395. Journal Article, Noncontinuous PaginationMLA Gómez, Christina. “Latino Diversity and Political Representation.” Journal of Latino- Latin American Studies 1.2 (2004): 19-32.APA Gómez, C. (2004). Latino diversity and political representation. Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies, 1(2), 19-32. Signed Newspaper ArticleMLA Elliot, Andrea. “In a Now-Suspicious America, Muslim Converts Face Discrimination.” New York Times 30 Apr. 2005, natl. ed.: A13.APA Elliot, A. (2005, April 30). In a now-suspicious America, Muslim converts face discrimination. New York Times, p. 13A.

Unsigned Newspaper ArticleMLA “Fatal Error: Seat-Belt Use Less in Pickups.” Chicago Tribune 16 May 2005, Midwest ed., sec.1: 6.APA Fatal error: Seat-belt use less in pickups. (2005, May 16). Chicago Tribune, section 1, p. 6. Signed Newspaper EditorialMLA Reyes, Raul A. “Cinco de Mayo and Social Security.” Editorial. USA Today 6 May 2005, final ed.: 13A.APA Reyes, R. A. (2005, May 6). Cinco de Mayo and social security [Editorial]. USA Today, p. 13A. Unsigned Newspaper EditorialMLA “Sesame Street’s Private Road.” Editorial. Christian Science Monitor 12 May 2005: 8.APA Sesame street’s private road [Editorial]. (2005, May 12). Christian Science Monitor, p. 8. Government PublicationMLA United States. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Indicators of Equal Employment Opportunity—Status and Trends. Washington: GPO, 2004.APA U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004). Indicators of equal employment opportunity—Status and trends. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Signed Article in Reference WorkMLA Alvarez-Smith, Alma. “Pantoja, Antonia.” Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture. Ed. Cordelia Chávez Candelaria. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004.APA Alvarez-Smith, A. (2004). Pantoja, Antonia. In C. C. Candelaria (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Latino popular culture (Vol. 2, pp. 613-614). Westport, CT: Greenwood. Unsigned Article in Reference WorkMLA “Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart.” African-American Political Leaders. Ed. Charles W. Carey, Jr. New York: Facts on File, 2004.APA Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart. (2004). In C. W. Carey, Jr. (Ed.), African-American political leaders (pp. 212-215). New York: Facts on File. Personal InterviewMLA Velasquez, Andrew. Personal interview. 12 July 2005.APA A. Velasquez (personal communication, July 12, 2005) Letter or E-Mail CommunicationMLA Ahmed, Mohammed. E-mail interview. 11 Feb. 2005.APA M. Ahmed (personal communication, February 11, 2005)

Speech or LectureMLA Huang, Wensha. Lecture on water pollution. Geography 212: Environmental Science. University of Florida. 25 Feb. 2005.APA Huang, W. (2005, February 25). Water pollution [Lecture]. In Geography 212: Environmental science. University of Florida. Television ProgramMLA “Medical Tourists.” Narr. Bob Simon. Sixty Minutes. CBS. WCBS, New York. 24 Apr. 2005.APA Olian, C. (Producer). (2005, April 24). Medical tourists [Television broadcast]. In Sixty minutes. New York: Columbia Broadcasting System. FilmMLA The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till. Dir. Keith A. Beauchamp. SJL Management, 2004.APA Beauchamp, K. A. (Director). (2004). The untold story of Emmett Louis Till [Motion picture]. United States. (Available from SJL Management, 400 East 58th Street, Suite 7G, New York, NY 10022) Article in Scholarly Journal Reprinted OnlineMLA Frith, Katherine, Ping Shaw, and Hong Cheng. “The Construction of Beauty: A Cross- Cultural Analysis of Women’s Magazine Advertising.” Journal of Communication 55.1 (2005): 56-70. 27 Apr. 2005 <http://joc.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdf>.APA Frith, K., Shaw, P., & Chen, P. (2005). The construction of beauty: A cross-cultural analysis of women’s magazine advertising. Journal of Communication, 55, 56-70. Retrieved April 27, 2005, from http://joc.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdf Article in Online Scholarly JournalMLA Kelsey, Kathleen D., and Alan D’souza. “Student Motivation for Learning at a Distance: Does Interaction Matter?” Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration 7.2 (2004): 13 pp. 30 Apr. 2005 <http://www.westga.edu/%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/ kelsey72.html>.APA Kelsey, K. D., & D’souza, A. (2004). Student motivation for learning at a distance: Does interaction matter? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 7(2). Retrieved April 30, 2005, from http://www.westga.edu/%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/ kelsey72.html Online Government PublicationMLA United States. Dept. of Energy. Energy Information Administration. Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Annual Energy Outlook 2005 With Projections to 2025. Feb. 2005. 13 May 2005 <http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdf>.APA United States Department of Energy, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. (2005, February). Annual energy outlook 2005 with projections to 2025. Retrieved

May 13, 2005, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdf Online Newspaper ArticleMLA Wulfhorst, Ellen. “Study: Blogs Haven’t Displaced Media.” Washington Post 16 May 2005. 17 May 2005 <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/ 05/16/AR2005051600884.html>.APA Wulfhorst, E. (2005, May 16). Study: Blogs haven’t displaced media. Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2005, from http://www.washingtonpost.com Online EditorialMLA Kinsley, Michael. “Remember: You Can’t Swat a Fly With a Computer.” Editorial. Los Angeles Times 8 May 2005. 11 May 2005 <http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/ la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-ed>.APA Kinsley, M. (2005, May 8). Remember: You can’t swat a fly with a computer [Editorial]. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from http://www.latimes.com/news/ opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-ed Online Magazine ArticleMLA Herper, Matthew. “Race-Based Medicine Arrives.” Forbes.com 10 May 2005. 11 May 2005 <http://www.forbes.com/business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.html>.APA Herper, M. (2005, May 10). Race-based medicine arrives. Forbes.com. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from http://www.forbes.com/business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.html Document Accessed from Online ServiceMLA McCartney, Anthony. “Online Thieves Are Fishing For Suckers.” Tampa Tribune 9 Feb. 2005: 9. Academic Universe: News. Lexis-Nexis. Memorial Library, Madison, WI. 4 June 2005 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/>.APA McCartney, A. (2005, February 9). Online thieves are fishing for suckers. Tampa Tribune. Retrieved April 29, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe database. Online Document from BroadcastMLA “Paleontologist Disputes Altering Discovery.” CNN.com. 2005. Cable News Network. 13 May 2005 <http://www.cnn.com/2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap/index.html>.APA Paleontologist disputes altering discovery. (2005, May 13). Cable News Network. Retrieved May 13, 2005, from http://www.cnn.com/2005/TECH/science/05/13/ paleontologist.movies.ap/index.html