Body Systems Flipbook

Body Systems Flipbook Zach Garcia

Table Integumentary Of MusculoskeletalContents Nervous Special Senses Body Systems Cardiovascular Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive



Integumentary Key Terms: Nail- the hard covering on the tip of the fingersIntegumentary: this system protects and toesthe body from outside disturbances, Sweat- moisture exuded to reduce heatalong with eliminating waste, and Dermis- thick layer of tissue below the epidermisregulating body temperature. that consists of blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles Epidermis- The outer layer of cells covering an organism Cuticle- the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail Keratin- a fibrous protein that are the main structural component in hair and nails Pore- an opening in the skin in which gases, liquids, and microscopic particles can pass Hair follicle- sac that holds the root of hair fibers Hypodermis- a layer comprised of primarily lipids that is located beneath the dermis Hidrosis- the production of sweat

Diseases: Professions: ● Eczema is a disease that causes irritated, ● An orthopedic surgeon performs diagnosis, itchy, flaky skin. It can either just occur or be treatment, and surgery when necessary on transmitted by poison ivy. the skeletal system. ● Acne is a disorder of the hair and oil glands ● A physical therapist helps to treat people that causes many red bumps and pimples to that are having difficulty with movement. form in clusters Table of Contents

Musculoskeletal Key Terms: Bone marrow- A soft fatty substance located in the cavitiesMusculoskeletal: this system allows for of bones in which white blood cells are producedmovement to occur and provides the Cartilage- flexible connective tissuesupport and framework for our body. Bone- hard tissue that makes up the skeleton Joint- a structure at which to parts of the skeleton are fitted together Tendon- a flexible tissue that connects a muscle to a bone Ligament- a flexible band of tissues that connects two bones Muscle- a band of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract Periosteum- a dense layer of connective tissues that envelop the bones except at the surfaces of the joints Osteocyte- is a bone cell that is formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it secretes Trabecula- a series or group of partitions of connective tissue

Diseases: Professions: ● Arthritis is the chronic inflammation of a joint ● An orthopedic surgeon performs diagnosis, or joints that causes loss of mobility. treatment, and surgery when necessary on ● Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones the skeletal system. lose density due to lack of calcium. ● A physical therapist helps to treat people that are having difficulty with movement. Table of Contents

Nervous Key Terms: Neuron- a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulsesNervous: this system is a complex Spinal cord- the cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers andnetwork of neurons and other associated tissue that is enclosed in the spinespecialized cells that transmit signals Occipital lobe- the occipital lobe is the visual processingto parts of the body. center of the brain Parietal lobe- it is the part of the brain that processes sensory information and aids in processing language and mathematics Frontal lobe- it is involved in motor function, problem solving, and memory Cerebellum- the cerebellum receives sensory information from the spinal cord and other sensory systems to regulate motor movements as well as coordinate voluntary movements Gray matter- darker tissue in the brain that consists of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites Synapse- the junction between two nerve cells Dendrite- a short branched extension of a nerve cell in which impulses are received from synapses Glial cells- they surround neurons to hold them in pace, and supply them with oxygen and nutrients

Diseases: Professions: ● Multiple sclerosis is a disease that manifests ● A neurologist is a medical doctor that as many hard plaques in the insulating specializes in treating the diseases/disorders layers of the nerve fibers and causes of the nervous system. degeneration. ● An anesthesiologist is a physician who is ● Alzheimer’s disease is a disease that trained in perioperative medicine and destroys memory and many other importants anesthesia. brain functions. Table of Contents

Special Senses Key Terms: Eyes- a pair of globular organs that allow for sightthis system is comprised of special Ears- organs that allow hearing and balancesensory receptor organs that allow for Cerumen- a yellowish waxy substance secreted in theus to hear, see, and taste. ear canal that assists in cleaning Iris- the blue or brown area of the eye that overlies the cornea and controls the diameter of the pupil Tympanic membrane- the membrane part of the ear that vibrates in response to sound waves Taste- the sensation of flavor perceived in the mouth and throat Mucous membranes- are glands that secrete mucus for lubrication and protection Mucus- a slimy substance used to lubricate and protect Nose- an area that projects from the face that is used for breathing and smelling Photoreceptors- they convert light into electrochemical signals that are processed in the retina and transmitted to the brain

Diseases: Professions: ● A cataract is an opacity of the crystalline ● An ophthalmologist is a physician that lens of the eye that causes glare and cloudy specializes in the medical, and surgical care vision. of the eyes and visual system. ● Conjunctivitis is a disease in which the ● An audiologist is a health care professional conjunctiva is inflamed, causing the eyes to that specializes in hearing loss disorders, become irritated. and balance related disorders and helps rehabilitate suffering patients. Table of Contents

Cardiovascular Key Terms: Arteries- muscular walled tubes that circulatethis system is responsible for oxygenated blood to the rest of the bodydistributing oxygen and nutrients Veins- tubes that carry oxygen depleted bloodthroughout the body, while utilizing a back to the heartnetwork of vessels. Blood vessel- a tubular structure used to carry blood through tissues and organs Aorta- the largest artery in the body that supplies oxygenated blood to most of the body Vena cava- a large vein supplying the heart with oxygen depleted blood to oxygenate Ventricle- a hollow or cavity like part of an organ Valve- controls the passage of fluid Capillaries- a series of venules that connect arterioles to veins Venule- a very small one cell wide vein found in capillaries Arteriole- a small branch of an artery that leads to capillaries

Professions: ● A cardiologist is a physician that specializes in treating the diseases/disorders of the cardiovascular system. ● A cardiovascular surgeon is someone that performs surgeries when necessary to treat the cardiovascular system.Diseases: ● atherosclerosis is the abnormal hardening of the arteries that give the heart oxygen and nutrients. ● Arrhythmia is a condition in which the heart has a change in normal rhythmic sequence. Table of Contents

Respiratory Key Terms:this system is responsible for the Alveolus- many tiny air sacks in the lungs where theintake of oxygen, and the expelling of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes placecarbon dioxide Trachea- an extension from the larynx that conveys air to and from the lungs; windpipe Bronchus- the two major air passage ways that diverge from the trachea Bronchioles- the many minute branches off of the bronchus Lungs- a pair of organs that are responsible for the exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide Diaphragm- a dome shaped muscular partition that when contracts inflates the lungs Larynx- a hollow muscular organ that forms the air passage to the trachea Pharynx- the cavity behind the nose and mouth that connects them to the esophagus Epiglottis- cartilage at the root of the tongue that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing Pleura- a thin serous membrane that forms the lining of the thoracic cavity Mediastinum- the region between the pleural sacs

Diseases: Professions: ● Bronchitis is the inflammation of the ● A pulmonologist is a medical physician that bronchial tubes. specializes in the treatment of the ● Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that diseases/disorders of the lungs. causes thick mucus to form in the lungs. ● A pulmonary oncologist is someone that specializes in the treatment of lung cancer. Table of Contents

Digestive Key Terms:this system is responsible for the Gallbladder- an organ in which bile is stored after itabsorption of nutrients, and the is secreted by the liverbreaking down/removal of waste Liver- a large glandular organ that is involved inproducts many metabolic processes Stomach- an organ that has a major role in digesting food Small intestine- the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine Large intestine- the cecum, colon and rectum collectively Bile- an alkaline fluid that aids in digestion Rectum- the final section of the large intestine terminating in the anus Ileum- the portion of the small intestine between the jejunum and the large intestine Colon- the main portion of the large intestine that absorbs water and electrolytes from the food Anus- the opening which solid waste leaves the body

Professions: ● A gastroenterologist is a medical physician that specializes in the treatment of the digestive system. ● A proctologist specializes in the diseases of the anus/rectum.Diseases: ● Gallstones are hard deposits that form in the gallbladder that are shaped like small stones. ● Celiac disease is a disease in which there is serious sensitivity to the protein gluten. Table of Contents

Urinary Key Terms:this system is responsible for the Kidney- a pair of organs that help filter the bloodexcretion of waste that is located in the and excrete urineblood stream. Nephron- a specialized cell in the kidney that helps filtrate urine Bladder- a membranous sac that collects urine Ureter- the duct that transports urine to the bladder Urethra- the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body Hernia- a bulging organ or tissue through an abnormal opening Renal pelvis- the broadened part of the kidney in which urine drains to the ureter Renal artery- supplies the kidneys with blood Renal veins- they connect the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

Diseases: Professions: ● Nephrolithiasis is a disease in which mineral ● A Nephrologist is a medical professional that deposits form in the kidneys. specializes in the treatment of the kidneys. ● A urinary tract infection is any infection that ● A urologist specializes in the treatment of takes place in the kidneys, bladder, or diseases and disorders in the urinary tract. urethra that causes pain in the lower abdomen. Table of Contents

Reproductivethis system is responsible for the reproductionof humans.

Professions: ● A gynecologist is a medical physician that specializes in the treatment of the female reproductive system. ● An andrologist is a medical physician that specializes in the treatment of the male reproductive system. Table of Contents

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