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Covid-19 N°376 6,99$ THE UNITED STATES CANADA WILL A FIRST-DOSE IS ON THE VERGE OF RECOMMENDS VACCINATION A VACCINE SURPLUS ASTRAZENECA- STRATEGY HELP OXFORD VACCINE OVERCOME 3 MIN READ FOR SENIORS VARIANTS?

COVID-19

NEWS The United States is on the verge of a vaccine surplus 3 min read The United States has so far administered more than 118 million doses of covid-19 vaccine, with millions more being injected every day. So far, the demand for people who desperately need to be vaccinated has exceeded the supply of drugs, and when vaccine appointments are released, they are quickly taken care of. But jurisdictions across the country may soon face the opposite problem. As production ramps up, the United States will soon have many more doses – and not enough people who want them. Change will be swift: Rochelle Walensky, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says supply and demand could change “in the weeks or months to come”. Walmart, a leading vaccine distributor across the country, said the turnaround can occur within one month to 45 days.

EXCLUSIVE In some states, the shift from In a March 16 media Meanwhile, some Native American scarcity to abundance is already briefingOfficials in Idaho said they communities are weeks ahead of here. In Idaho, where 20% of make appointments available to any U.S. state when it comes to people have had at least one shot, 200,000 or more people every vaccine delivery. The Chickasaw many dates have unfilled party, two weeks. They are hoping that Nation, for example, has which prompted state officials to many Idahoans who have successfully immunized so many increase eligibility earlier than hesitated to get vaccinated will of its 38,000 residents that it now expected. The state plans to open start lining up now that the offers vaccines to everyone 16 appointments to these 55 and deployment is more advanced. years of age and over – and even over from March 22. to the general public in Oklahoma.

All of this means America is running to the point at which so many are resistant to the virus that it is becoming much more difficult to spread. President Biden has set a goal that all states should be able to make every adult eligible for vaccination by May 1. plans to send millions of excess doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine in Canada and Mexico to fill their supply gaps.) Medical experts believe that we will need a vaccination rate of around 80% to reach the point where infections are drastically reduced in the United States, and projections show that 70% of Americans will be vaccinated at the end of June. But these projections assume that all eligible people will take a vaccine. A recent study by Pew estimates, however, that only 69% of Americans want a shot. This means that reaching the threshold will require some effort to understand why the “maybes” are hesitant and how their minds might be changed.

NEWS ON THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC Canadian officials and experts have sought to ensure the vaccine is safe, even as several countries have suspended its use. Canada recommended the AstraZeneca- Oxford vaccine for people over the age of 65 in a pivot of its original guidelines. The government’s National Advisory Committee on Immunization had previously recommended that people over 65 should not receive the vaccine “due to limited information on its effectiveness.” However, that recommendation was based on early clinical data, and NACI said on Tuesday it made the change after reviewing “real-world efficacy studies.” The recommendation still stated that Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna should be “priority” for older groups. The vote of confidence comes as several countries, mostly European, have temporarily suspended the use of the AstraZeneca inoculant for fear that it may have caused some recipients to develop blood clots, despite assurances from the Anglo-Swedish multinational, from the European Union regulator – European Medicines Agency (EMA) – and the World Health Organization (WHO) that the jab is safe.

Global health experts have said the pause will slow vaccine deployments and create unfounded stigma against vaccines. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau tried to reassure residents on Monday that the AstraZeneca vaccine was safe after Germany, France, Italy and Spain joined other countries in suspending its use. “Health Canada and our experts and scientists have spent a tremendous amount of time ensuring that every vaccine approved in Canada is both safe and effective,” Trudeau said. “Therefore, the best vaccine to take is the first one offered to you.” In response to the suspensions, AstraZeneca said on Sunday it looked at data from 17 million people who received doses across Europe and found 37 cases of people who developed blood clots as of March 8. He said his results showed “no evidence of an increased risk” of blood clots in any age group or gender, adding: “It is much lower than one would naturally expect. in a general population of this size and is similar in other COVID19 vaccines. “ As of Monday, about 3.1 million vaccines had been administered in Canada, just under 7% of the population having received at least one dose, according to the COVID-19 Tracker Canada. Trudeau said last week that all Canadians who wish to be vaccinated will be able to do so by the end of September.

WDOILSLEA FIRST- The UK adopted a similar strategy in VSTARCACTINEAGTYIOHNELP December and Quebec announced in VOAVRERIACNOTMSE? January that it would stop withholding booster shots and try to vaccinate as many In a report published on February 23, people as possible, delaying the second Osterholm and colleagues calculate that vaccine for up to 90 days. temporarily prioritizing first doses for But many public health experts, including people over 65 could save up to 39,000 senior advisers to the Biden lives. “There is a narrow and quickly administration, say there is not enough closing window of opportunity to use data to support the move to a single-dose vaccines more effectively and potentially strategy. They fear that postponing the prevent thousands of serious cases, second dose will leave people vulnerable hospitalizations and deaths in the weeks to infection and potentially give rise to new and months to come,” the authors write. variants that may elude the immune response. And there is logistics to consider. Changing strategy would now complicate deployment, says Celine Gounder, an epidemiologist at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine and a member of the Biden administration’s covid-19 advisory committee. “We really have to break the current system, which is already very fragile,” she said. It could also hurt the already weak public confidence in the vaccine.

“Based on the information currently available to us, we will stick to the scientifically documented efficacy and optimal response of a first follow-up boost,” said Anthony Fauci, Chief Medical Advisor to President Biden , during a press briefing on February 19. Andy Slavitt, The White House’s Senior Advisor on COVID-19 Response, agreed. “The FDA recommendation is two doses, as has always been the case,” he said. The big question of protection The debate revolves around the degree of protection offered by a dose and the duration of that protection. In large clinical trials, Moderna and Pfizer have seen good efficacy even before the second shot. The first dose of the Pfizer vaccine provided 52% protection against symptomatic covid-19 and the Moderna vaccine achieved 80% efficacy. But those numbers included the days immediately after vaccination, when the immune system further accelerates its response. When the researchers looked at the effectiveness two weeks after the date of the shot, they found much higher numbers. Analysis suggests the Pfizer vaccine was nearly 92% effective before the second injection. The first dose of Moderna was 92% effective after two weeks. And new research suggests that a dose might offer some protection in a real world setting as well. In a new study in the New England Journal of Medicine, the researchers examined the medical records of nearly 600,000 people vaccinated in Israel and the same number of witnesses. The first dose of Pfizer vaccine was 46% effective against SARS- CoV-2 infection between days 14 and 20. The vaccine did a better job of preventing hospitalization and death: protecting was 74% and 72%, respectively.

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