KGnoewnleerdagle KNOW MORE AND GROW MORE Mini Encyclopaedia 2BOOK S. N. Mukhiya
Published By Preface Kuleshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal. This is a series of general knowledge designed for Phone: 4672071, 5187226, 5187211 Fax: 4672073 school students of Nepal for classroom and self E-mail: [email protected] study use. Each textbook of the series contains www.readmorenp.com carefully selected and graded materials, illustrations and amazing facts; and aims to take into account the changing needs of young readers. © Copyright, Publisher, 2071 BS To capture readers’ attention and make the series classroom friendly, the reading materials of the Reprint : 2073 BS series are presented in simple to complex order. Revised and Updated : 2077 BS The series provides young readers with a wealth of interesting and amazing reading materials of general knowledge that arouse curiosity and interest in them to get to know more and more about the word, and modern advancements. We are highly grateful to for its support in bringing out this series. always welcomes constructive suggestions regarding our textbooks. We are always interested to hear comments and constructive suggestions from our readers for the Layout: improvement of this series. Readmore Desktop Printed in Nepal Author You can exchange this book from your nearest book shop if any binding errors are found. Read to help others read! We are pleased to inform that certain amount from each book is allocated to Charity Fund. The fund is provided to the deserving and needy students all over Nepal. The charity always welcomes cooperation and support from all the well wishers and agencies.
UNIT 1 All About Me Page 4 Contents About Yourself................... 4 Relation Words.................. 6 6UNIT Around The World Page 64 Good Habits....................... 7 Body Parts......................... 8 Amazing Countries ......... 68 Five Senses........................ 9 Clothes I Wear................. 12 Capitals............................ 69 My School Things............ 13 Nationality....................... 70 Famous Structures........... 71 2UNIT Animals Page 14 Famous People................ 72 Domestic and Farm Animals................... 20 Sea and Ocean................. 73 Wild Animals................... 23 Aquatic Animals............... 24 7UNIT Language and Literature Birds................................ 25 Page 76 Largest and Smallest........ 28 Books............................... 76 Rhymes............................ 78 Comic book characters.....79 3 8UNIT Plants Page 30 Science and Technology Parts of a Plant................ 34 Page 80 Vegetables....................... 35 UNIT Dry Fruits......................... 36 Largest Plants.................. 38 Computers....................... 80 Means of Transport......... 83 4UNIT Games and Sports Page 40 Quick Quiz 1 to 5 ......... 84-88 Sports Equipment............ 45 Run for the Race.............. 46 Outdoor Games............... 47 5UNIT My Country Page 50 Nepal............................... 50 National Emblems........... 52 Famous Places................. 53 Seven Provinces ............. 54 Famous Structures ......... 55 Festivals........................... 56 Famous People................ 58
Unit 1 ALL ABOUT ME About Yourself About me • What is your name? My name is Sony Gurung. My name is .................................... I study in Grade two. • How old are you now? I was six when I was in I am ............. years old. Grade one. • How old were you in Grade one? I am a year older now. I was ............ years old. I am seven years old now. • When is your birthday? My birthday is on June 10. My birthday is on........................... I live at Kirtipur. • What is your house address? I Study in Everest School. I live at ........................................... My hobby is reading. • What is the name of your school? My best friend’s name is The name of my school is ............. Anu Shakya. • What class are you in? My class teacher is Anita Rai. I study in Grade............................. My favourite sport is • What is your hobby? basketball. My hobby is ....................................... • Who is your best friend? My best friend is .............................. • Who is your class teacher? My class teacher is ......................... • Which is your favourite sport? My favourite sport is ....................... 4 BOOK TWO
My father’s name is Kumar Rai. My mother’s name is Bina Rai. My brother’s name is Subin Rai. In the family, all of you have the same last name. That is your family name or surname. Do you know? My name is Rikesh. What’s in a name? My friends call me Rickey. • A person’s name has a first name and a It is my nickname or surname. pet name. • The first name is a personal name usually given to someone after birth. • The family name or last name or surname mean the same and it is the name common to all members of a family. • A person’s name may have a middle name. Anil Kumar Yadav first middle last name name name BOOK TWO 5
Relation Words Choose the correct family words from the box. 1. Your mother’s daughter is your .......... Key words 2. Your mother’s mother is your .......... 3. Your aunt’s son is your .......... aunt 4. Your mother’s husband is your .......... brother 5. Your uncle’s wife is your .......... cousin 6. Your mother’s son is your .......... father 7. Your father’s father is your .......... grandfather 8. Your father’s brother is your .......... grandmother 9. Your father’s wife is your .......... mother niece Life skills nephew sister Always treat your elders with uncle respect. It is good to greet and obey them. 6 BOOK TWO
Good Habits Tick ( ) what you think are good habits. Brushing your teeth twice a day Wasting a little of your food Using only a nail-cutter to trim your nails Going to bed late Talking to the bus driver while he is driving Sleeping on time Saying ‘Please’ and ‘Thank You’ Waiting in line for your turn. Throwing garbage at public places Keeping your hair tidy Talking when your mouth is full Turning off the tap when not in use Life skills Healthy habits need to be started early. The earlier you start them, the more easily you learn them. BOOK TWO 7
Body Parts Find the words in the puzzle. Find the words across ( ) and down ( ). NVE WD Z C DHA IKIE SAR NNX T EIS L EBN RKX EY arm BOH A I R Z A E TMG J eyes ears F C F F N Y AWP R I T S mouth teeth I NOS ER WZ E hair nose NVKBVE NY knee hand GCD I N J CE finger head EKQP J B AS chest leg RCHE S T BAX foot KDQV L L OX HEAD TPZD L EG I MR A RM OKV HQZ UTF POK TN I I KL HZN HPF UTG F HQ DEE OX ER MNOC TNDD GYT I HAND 8 BOOK TWO
Five Senses A. Complete the sentences. 1. I can see with my ........................................ 2. I can smell with my ........................................ 3. I can hear with my ........................................ 4. I can taste with my ........................................ 5. I can touch with my ........................................ eyes tongue nose ears hands BOOK TWO 9
B. Find the appropriate verb for each sentence. 1. I can ................................... a bird flying up in the sky. 2. I can ................................... a beautiful song on the radio. 3. I can ................................... a flower with my nose. 4. I can ................................... a delicious sandwich. 5. I can ................................... the soft fur of a rabbit. hear taste smell see touch Do you know? Children have 20 milk teeth. These start to appear from 6 months to a year. Milk teeth shed (fall) when the permanent teeth below them are ready to erupt. Milk teeth are also called deciduous teeth. 10 BOOK TWO
C. Write the number in each box. fingers eyes legs ears hands elbows nose tongue head knees ankles forehead toes Do you know? Do you know? Fingernails grow nearly Do you know, it is 4 times faster than impossible to toenails. sneeze with your eyes open. BOOK TWO 11
Clothes I Wear Write down the correct letter in each circle. a Key words a. sweater b. coat c. shirt d. boots e. payjamas f. pants g. overalls h. socks i. skirt j. sandals o. high heel shoes k. swimsuit l. hat m. shorts n. scarf 12 BOOK TWO
My School Things Write down the correct letter in each circle. a Key words a. pencil b. eraser c. book d. pen e. blackboard j. pencil case f. sharpener g. marker h. ruler i. glue o. computer k. scissors l. compass m. bag n. stapler p. globe q. map r. paint brush BOOK TWO 13
Unit 2 ANIMALS CATS Cats are popular pets in the world. A group of cats is called a clowder. A male cat is called a tom. A female cat is called a molly or queen. Young cats are called kittens. CAMEL A camel can walk on sand and stay without water for a long time. So it is called the ‘Ship of the Desert’. It may have one or two humps. Its humps stores fatty tissues that change into water when its body gets dry. SHEEP Sheep have very good memories. They can remember at least 50 individual sheep and humans for years. 14 BOOK TWO
YAKS Yaks are the only domestic animals, which survive in the high Himalayan region. They are pack animals for the expeditions to Mount Everest. The animals that carry loads are called pack animals. PEACOCK The peacock is a beautiful animal. It is one of the largest flying birds. Its male is called peacock and the female is called peahen. It is omnivorous. It eats both plants and animals. ELEPHANT The elephant is the biggest land animal. It has a long trunk and two tusks. Its trunk is able to sense the size, shape and temperature of an object. BOOK TWO 15
HIPPOPOTAMUS Hippopotamuses are heavy animals. They are the third largest land mammals. The word ‘hippopotamus’ means ‘river house’. Hippos love to live in water. BLUE WHALE The largest animal in the world is the blue whale. It is almost as big as the nine elephants standing in a row. It can reach 100 feet in length and 150 tons in weight. TADPOLES Tadpoles are baby frogs. They look more like fish than frogs. They have long tails and breathe through gills. They use their tails for swimming. When they grow up, they lose their tails and develop lungs for breathing. 16 BOOK TWO
FROG Frogs are amphibians. Amphibians can live both on land and in water. They have strong hind legs for jumping. They have short front legs. They use their tongue to catch and swallow food. Frogs don’t drink water; they absorb it through their skin. GORILLAS Gorillas are so afraid of water that they do not even drink it. The gorilla is the largest of all monkeys. When it is angry, it beats its chest to frighten its enemies. WALRUS Walruses have two long tusks. They use their tusks to pull their huge body out of ice. They also use their tusks to break ice. BOOK TWO 17
KING COBRAS King cobras are the only snakes that build nests for their young on the ground. King cobras are the longest venomous snakes in the world. The average male can grow to 18 feet long. HUMMING BIRD The humming bird is the smallest bird. It is about 5 cm long. It is the only bird that can fly backwards. Like a helicopter, it is also able to fly up and down. It can also fly side wise. RHINOCEROS The rhinoceros is also called rhino. It is a plant eater. It has very thick and hard skin. It may have one horn or two horns. It has three toes on each foot. In Nepal, one horned rhinos are found. Its horn is very expensive and it is usually hunted for its horn. 18 BOOK TWO
RABBIT One thing that makes a rabbit such an interesting and special pet is that the domestic rabbits behave just like wild ones. TIGRESS In a tiger family, the female tiger is called a tigress. A tigress gives birth to the young ones and looks after them. OSTRICH The ostrich is the largest bird in the world. It also lays the largest eggs. Its egg needs to be boiled for 2 hours to get a hard- boiled egg. BOOK TWO 19
Domestic and Farm Animals A. Write the names. Do you know? Cows only have teeth on the bottom. Key words donkey buffalo hen camel peacock horse duck pig 20 BOOK TWO
B. Look at the pictures of the farm animals and then draw a line from each farm animal to the description that matches it best. It likes the mud. It tells you when it is morning. It makes milk. It lays eggs. It swims in the pond. We make clothing from its coat. It can run very fast. Do you know? The silkworm is the caterpillar of a moth whose cocoon is used to make silk. BOOK TWO 21
Fact Box Animals help us in many ways. They carry our loads. They are used as transport. bullock elephant horse donkey cow They provide us food. goat honeybee duck hen They give us clothes. Do you know? silkworm The skins of some animals are used to sheep make jackets, shoes, belts, wallets and purses. They are called leather. 22 BOOK TWO
Wild Animals Name the following animals. Key words kuala panda reindeer squirrel sloth chimpanzee hyena kangaroo bison BOOK TWO 23
Aquatic Animals 5 cowrie snail Tick ( ) the correct answer. seal 1 seal octopus whale sponge platypus dolphin 2 prawn 6 shark dolphin seal rayfish slug snail cowrie 3 rayfish 7 seal sponge sea urchin 4 snail 8 24 BOOK TWO seal slug
Birds Match the names with the birds. pigeon robin eagle seagull vulture owl mynah crow parrot sparrow woodpecker crane BOOK TWO 25
Fact Box Study the chart to know about the animal family. animal male female baby bear boar sow cub bee drone larva queen buffalo bull cow calf cat tomcat queen kitten cheetah male female cub chicken rooster hen chick deer buck, stag doe fawn dog dog bitch pup dolphin bull cow pup, calf duck drake duck duckling elephant bull cow calf goose gander goose gosling horse stallion mare foal animal male female baby kangaroo buck leopard leopard doe joey lion lion cock leopardess cub ostrich bull peacock lioness cub ox boar peafowl ram hen chick tiger pig male cow stot, calf sheep bull tiger bull peahen peachick toad stallion whale sow piglet yak ewe lamb zebra tigress cub, whelp female tadpole cow calf cow calf mare colt, foal 26 BOOK TWO
Fact Box Study the chart to know about the following animals. animal home sound Do you know? lion den roar dog kennel bark A habitat is a cat cage mew special place where pen bleat a plant or animal sheep cattle shed moo lives. Just like you bull jungle have a home or coop trumpet place to live, so do elephant water clucks animals and plants. hen grasslands squawk stable grunt goose neigh deer horse cow cattle shed moo animal home sound bear large forest growl cock cock a doodle doo rat pen squeak bird hole chirp nest chatter monkey trees grunt, oink pig sty grunt burrow bray rabbit stable bleat donkey pen quack water hum, buzz goat beehive hiss duck burrow bee snake BOOK TWO 27
Largest and Smallest smallest bird Name the following animals. largest lizard largest butterfly largest mammal smallest land animal smallest mammal smallest insect largest bird smallest crab Key words komodo dragon blue whale bumblebee bat bee hummingbird ostrich etruscan shrew pea crab fairyfly queen alexandra’s birdwing 28 BOOK TWO
Who am I? 1 I hang upside down and like to live in dark places. 2 I am the king of the jungle. 3 I am a wise bird. 4 I smell with my tongue. I do not have a nose. 5 I have a pouch in my body. My baby lives in it. 6 I have eight arms and I live on the ocean floor. 7 I can change the colour of my skin. 8 I am a bird but I do not have wings to fly. 9 I am known as the ship of the desert. I can live without water for many days. BOOK TWO 29
Unit 3 PLANTS PITCHER PLANT The pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant. It eats small insects and animals as food. The plant has an attractive smell that helps it to easily catch its prey. RAFFLESIA The rafflesia is the world’s largest flower. It is found in Indonesia. It is as big as a truck wheel. It is also known as the monster flower. It has five blood red petals. It smells like a rotten egg. ARCTIC POPPY The beautiful arctic poppy grows in very cold places. The flower is cup-shaped. The stems are hairy. It has a single flower on each stem. 30 BOOK TWO
NEEM The neem tree is a medicinal plant. Its parts are used to make different kinds of medicine. It is a fast growing tree that can reach a height of 15-20 m. BAMBOO The bamboo is the fastest growing plant. It can grow up to 3 feet in height in 24 hours. Largest species of bamboo can reach 1300 feet in height. It absorbs more carbon dioxide than other plants. JACKFRUIT Jackfruit is a huge tree. It is the largest tree-borne fruit in the world. The fruits are green when they are not ripe. The fruits turn light brown when they are ripe. It has bulbs that we eat. The fruit has a delicious sweet taste. BOOK TWO 31
PINE TREE The pine tree is just one member of the big tree family known as conifers. The tree is best known for its cones and lovely needles. It is an evergreen tree as its needles stay green all year long. APPLE Apples are the fruits of apple trees. Apples are large if they are grown from seeds, but small if gratified from roots. BITTER GOURD A bitter gourd is also called a bitter melon. Its taste is bitter. It is one of the popular vegetables in Nepal and India. It is rich in vitamins. 32 BOOK TWO
LITHOP Lithop is an amazing plant. It can be simply described as a living stone. It exactly looks like a stone or pebble. TOUCH ME NOT The touch me not or mimosa pudica is a sensitive plant. The most interesting thing about this plant is that its leaves fold up at night as well as by touch. COCONUT The coconut is a useful plant. Almost all its parts are useful. The trunk is used to make furniture. We get oil from the coconut fruit. Coconut fiber can be woven into ropes and mats. BOOK TWO 33
Parts of a Plant Do you know? Tick ( ) the correct answer. Green leaves use sunlight, water and 1 fruit air to produce food. roots This process is called leaf photosynthesis. 2 stem sunlight fruit flower oxygen 3 seed Carbon dioxide stem flower Do you know? 4 stem A tree trunk grows branch a new layer of wood roots each year. In the cross section of the trunk of a tree, you can see rings of wood. By counting the number of rings, we can find out the age of the tree. 5 fruit 34 BOOK TWO seed stem
Vegetables Write the names of the following vegetables. Key words turnip asparagus snake gourd leek tomato bitter gourd cauliflower onion mushroom lettuce pumpkin bottle gourd cucumber pepper potato carrot BOOK TWO 35
Dry Fruits 5 peanut raisin Tick ( ) the correct answer. coconut 1 peanut raisin coconut 2 walnut Do you know? Almond is a orange nutritious dry fruit. It grape comes in two varieties - sweet and bitter. Sweet almonds are used in dishes 3 raisin and are also used as desserts. almond chestnut Do you know? Cashew is a type of 4 betelnut dry fruit. It grows on a tree. walnut It is found in many countries of the world. Cashew contains large cashewnut amount of nutrients. 36 BOOK TWO
Fact Box Do you know? Plants supply many food items. We eat almost every part of the plant. Roots: carrot, turnip Seeds: rice, beans, peas We get rubber from Leaves: coriander, spinach, lettuce a rubber tree and paper is made from bamboo. Do you know? An eraser is made from the juice of a tree called a rubber tree. Flowers: broccoli, cauliflower Do you know? We get perfumes from flowers like rose, sunflower and jasmine. BOOK TWO 37
Largest Plants Largest seed Name the following plants. Largest fruit Largest flower Largest water plant Largest leaf Largest living tree Key words rafflesia, raffia palm tree, amazon water lily, jackfruit, coco de mer coconut, general sherman the giant sequoia 38 BOOK TWO
Tick ( ) the correct answer. 1. Which seeds are used to make cooking oil? mustard papaya orange maize 2. Which is a non-green plant? cactus poppy banyan mushroom leek papaya 3. Which plant does not have a leaf? apple orange mango soyabean 4. Which flower is yellow? marigold magnolia 5. Which one is a vegetable? plum pear 6. Which tree is the biggest of the three? coconut banyan 7. Which fruit is the smallest of the three? litchi mango 8. Which is a juicy fruit? cashewnut almond Do you know? Raisins are dried grapes. They are produced in many regions of the world. Raisins may be eaten raw or used in cooking and baking. BOOK TWO 39
Unit 4 GAMES AND SPORTS CRICKET Cricket is a popular game. There are two teams. Each team has eleven players. When one team bats, the other fields. FOOTBALL Football is the most popular game in the world today. It is played between two teams. Each team has eleven players. Every four years, the best teams in the world play the World Cup. SURFING Surfing is the sport of riding waves with the help of a board. Surfing was originated in Oceania. 40 BOOK TWO
STADIUM A modern stadium is a place or venue for outdoor sports, concerts or other events. It consists of a field or stage partly or completely surrounded by a structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event. KABADDI Kabaddi is very common in India, and is also played in Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and China. It is the national game of Bangladesh. HORSE RACE Horse Racing is a contest of speed between two or more horses. Two or more jockeys ride horses to a long distance. The horse which is the fastest is the winner. BOOK TWO 41
ROWING Rowing is a sport in which athletes race against each other on rivers, lakes or on the ocean. JUDO Judo is a martial art and a form of high class wrestling. BASKETBALL Basketball is fun to play. It is primarily an indoor game. It is played on a court. Points are scored for shooting the ball through the basket. The team that has scored the most points at the end of the game wins. 42 BOOK TWO
KARATE Karate is a martial art of unarmed self-defence in which players blow their hands and feet. SWIMMING Gaurika Singh is a famous Nepali swimmer. She bagged four gold medals, two silvers and three bronzes in the 13th South Asian Games held in Nepal in 2019. TAEKWONDO Ayesha Shakya is a taekwondo player. She won two gold medals in taekwondo in the 13th South Asian Games 2019. BOOK TWO 43
Tick ( ) the correct answer. Life skills 1 batsman Sports not only keep us wicketkeeper healthy, but also help us to bowler think and do work well. 2 gloves bowler Do you know? batsman Test Cricket: The team 3 wickets plays for five days and wicketkeeper each team bats twice. bowler One-Day Cricket: Each team bats fifty overs. 4 wickets Each over has six balls. 44 BOOK TWO bowler Twenty-twenty gloves Cricket: Each team bats for 20 overs. Do you know? The place where cricket is played is called a pitch. The place where basketball is played is called a court.
Sports Equipment Name the pictures. Key words baseball bat baseball mitt basketball rugby goal post tennis racket baseball tennis ball golf club basketball hoop football golf ball BOOK TWO 45
Run for the Race Name the following. Key words Running Long Jump Pole Vault Swimming High Jump Javlin Throw Pig Racing Car Racing Horse Racing Motorbike Racing 46 BOOK TWO
Outdoor Games Match the words with the pictures. rafting skating polo snooker judo ice hockey golf swimming cycling long jump BOOK TWO 47
Tick ( ) the correct options. a. Football is played by a team of 15 players. True False b. We go to swim in the swimming pool. True False c. Hockey is the national game of America. True False d. In volleyball there are 6 players in each team. True False e. A cricket bat is longer than a TT bat. True False f. The national game of Nepal is football. True False g. Golf is played in a golf club. True False h. Neymar is a football player. True False i. Sania Mirja is a tennis player. True False 48 BOOK TWO
Fill in the blanks. 1. Ronaldo is a ....................... player. (football,cricket) 2. ....................... is our national game. (Volleyball, Football) 3. There are ................... players in a volleyball team. (5,6) 4. Dasharath Stadium is located in ....................... (Kathmandu, Dhankuta) 5. The three sticks in the cricket game are called ....................... (stumps, bats) 6. Baikuntha Manandhar is a ....................... (runner, wrestler) 7. Boxing is played in the ....................... (ring, pitch) 8. Ayesha Shakya is related to ....................... (taekwondo, karate) 9. There are ....................... rings in the Olympic logo. (5,8) 10. Gyanendra Malla is a ....................... player. (football, cricket) BOOK TWO 49
Unit 5 MY COUNTRY Nepal SuPdruorvipnascehchim We live in Nepal. Karnali Province People who live in Nepal are called Gandaki Province Nepali. Province 5 Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal. Nepal is a landlocked country. It is surrounded by land from all sides. India borders Nepal from three sides –south, east and west. China borders Nepal to the north. India and China are our neighbouring countries. Flag of Nepal Our national flag is the world’s only flag which is not rectangular in shape. It has two united pennants. It is crimson with blue borders and incorporates stylized symbols of the sun and the moon. 50 BOOK TWO
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