Gk book 3_Sunil_2077

Quick 2Quiz Tick (ü) the correct answer. a. How many players does a baseball have in each team? i. 9 ii. 18 iii. 12 b. Which country has won the World Cup football the maximum time? i. Spain ii. Brazil iii. South Africa c. What is the national game of United States? i. cricket ii. hockey iii. baseball Do you know? d. In which country did volleyball begin? Gaurika Singh was the most i. America ii. Japan iii. China successful player of e. Which of the following is not a ball sport? the 13th SA Games i. basketball ii. tennis iii. badminton 2019. She bagged 4 gold f. Which of the following is a racket sport? medals in swimming. i. polo ii. baseball iii. table tennis g. When was the Olympic emblem designed? i. in 1912 ii. in 1921 iii. in 1931 h. Where is wrestling played? Do you know? i. rink ii. ring iii. court Kylian Mbappe received the best i. What is golf played with? young player award at the 2018 FIFA World i. bat ii. racket iii. club Cup. He has been projected as the future j. Which of the following is called Ping Pong? best player in the world. i. table tennis ii. polo iii. baseball BOOK THREE 51

UNIT 4SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Isaac Newton is considered the greatest GRAVIT Y scientist of all time. Among his many discoveries, the most important is his law of universal gravitation. In 1664, Newton figured out that gravity is the force that draws objects toward each other. It explained why things fall down and why the planets orbit around the Sun. AIRPLANE The Wright Brothers – Wilbur and Orville Wright were primarily pioneers in the area of flight. Wilbur was the older brother by about 4 years. The first airplane was successfully designed and flown by the Wright brothers in 1903. PENCILIN Penicillin is a group of closely related antibiotics that kill bacteria. Infectious diseases once caused many deaths. The discovery of penicillin therefore saved millions of lives. Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered Penicillin in 1928. 52 BOOK THREE

X-RAY A German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895. X-rays go right through some substances like flesh and wood, but are stopped by others such as bones and lead. This allows them to see broken bones or explosives inside suitcases. It is useful for doctors and security officers. FINGERPRINTS A fingerprint is an impression or mark made on a surface by a person's fingertip. The identical twins are alike in all ways but even they have different fingerprints. MICROSCOPE The earliest microscopes were known as ‘flea glasses’ because they were used to study small insects. A father-son duo, Zacharias and Hans Jansen, created the first compound microscope in the 1590s. BINOCULAR AND TELESCOPE Telescope is used to see image of a distant object. We can see stars and other things in the sky by the help of a powerful telescope. It is made of two convex lenses. Binoculars are simply two small telescopes that allow the viewer to use both eyes when viewing distant objects. BOOK THREE 53

TELEPHONE A telephone is a communication device that transmits voices over a distant place. It was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances. Alexander Graham Bell, a famous Scottish scientist, was credited with the invention of the first practical telephone in 1876. MAGNIFYING GLASS A magnifying glass is a convex lens that enlarges the image of an object. It is used to examine small or finely detailed things such as fingerprints and fine print. It was invented in 1250 by Roger Bacon, a philosopher from England. THERMOMETER A thermometer is a device that measures temperature. The word thermometer is derived from two smaller Greek words: thermo ‘heat’ and meter ‘measure’. An analog thermometer consists of a sealed tube with markings on it. These markings are increasing temperatures in Celsius or Fahrenheit. I-POD The i-Pod is a portable media player. It is used for playing music and video. The first i-Pod was released in 2001. In France, it is illegal to play your i-Pod louder than 100 decibels. 54 BOOK THREE

Electricity Electricity is one of our most widely used forms of energy. There are some important inventors who helped the world understand how energy works. Here are some prominent of them. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Benjamin Franklin was an American scientist. He started working with electricity in the 1740’s. His kite experiment during a thunderstorm in 1752 proved that electricity and lightning was the same thing. This experiment led to his discovery of positive and negative electricity. THOMAS EDISON Thomas Edison is another American inventor in the history of electricity. In the late 1800’s he developed 1,093 inventions, but his most famous is the incandescent light bulb. He wanted to bring light into homes and factories. Up until then people used candles or whale oil lamps for light. MICHAEL FARADAY In 1831, Michael Faraday found that electricity could be produced through magnetism by motion. He discovered that when a magnet was moved inside a coil of copper wire, a tiny electric current flows through the wire. He discovered the first method of generating electricity by means of motion in a magnetic field. ALESSANDRO VOLTA 55 Alessandro Volta was a physicist, chemist and a pioneer of electrical science. He is most famous for his invention of the electric battery.  BOOK THREE

Computers Answer the following questions. Name the pictures. The mouse is an input device, is it true or false? ..................................................................... What kind of device is the Keyboard? ..................................................................... What kind of device is the Monitor? ..................................................................... Is computer as intelligent as human beings? ................................................................... What is the work of the printer in computer? ................................................................... What is the work of scanner in computer? ..................................................................... What is the work of the mouse in computer? ..................................................................... What is the full form of CPU? ..................................................................... Do you know? Charles Babbage is known as the father of computer science. He was the first person who brought modern concepts in the field of computer. Key Words scanner Amazing Facts monitor keyboard printer mouse CPU E-mail stands for electronic mail. It is a quick way of sending message to other internet users. 56 BOOK THREE

Do you know? Choose the correct answer from the options. 1. What is the full form of ROM? Abacus is said to be Read Only Memory the first calculating Random Over Memory device. Abacus was Reading Only Memory in use thousands of 2. Which is the output device of computer? years ago in China. CPU Monitor Keyboard Do you know? 3. Floppy disk is : a storage an input a processing Sophia is a social humanoid robot 4. What is the full form of RAM? developed by Hong Random Accessing Memory Kong based company Randomly Accessing Memory Hanson Robotics. Random Access Memory Sophia was activated 5. What is the full form of CPU? on February 14, 2016. Center for the Processing Unit Central Processing Unit Common Processing Unit Amazing Facts Do you know? The World Wide Web is Laptop is made by the best known and most modern technology. widely used part of the Laptop is a portable internet system. It has form of computer. We more than 3000 millions can carry laptop like a pages of information briefcase. BOOK THREE 57

Fact Box INVENTOR INVENTION DATE Benjamin Holt, U.S. Tractor 1900 Scottish Veterinaria The first air-filled 1888 John Boyd Dunlop or pneumatic tires Alexander Graham Bell, Telephone 1876 U.S. Samuel F. B. Morse, U.S. Telegraph 1837 René Laënnec, France Stethoscope 1819 Walter Hunt, U.S. Safety pin 1849 Samuel Colt, U.S. Revolver 1835 Denis Papin, France Pressure cooker 1679 Thomas A. Edison, U.S. Phonograph 1877 Parachute 1783 Louis S. Lenormand, France Percy Spencer Microwave oven 1947 Charles Wheatstone, Microphone 1827 England Benjamin Franklin, U.S. Lightning rod 1752 Alfred Nobel, Sweden Dynamite 1867 John Pemberton, U.S. Coca-Cola 1886 Christian Huygens, Clock, pendulum 1656 The Netherlands 1643 Evangelista Torricelli, Italy Barometer 1796 Edward Jenner, England Vaccination Do you know? James Watt developed a steam engine in 1776. He was from Scotland. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. He made the first call to his assistant Thomas Watson on March 10, 1876. John Logie Baird invented the world’s first television system in 1926. 58 BOOK THREE

Quick Quiz Circle the correct answer from the options. 1. It is used to see the celestial body: a. Telescope b. Microscope c. Thermometer 2. It measures temperature: a. Altimeter b. Thermometer c. Barometer 3. It is used to see distant objects : a. Voltameter b. Lactometer c. Binocular 4. It is used to see the micro-organisms: a. Telescope b. Microscope c. Binocular 5. It is an instrument that measures the current flowing in a wire: a. Voltameter b. Ameter c. Seismometer 6. It is an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure: a. Barometer b. Lactometer c. Voltameter 7. It is an instrument that measures rainfall: a. Rainmeter b. Rain Guage c. Screw Guage 8. It is an instrument that measures the intensity of an earthquake: a. Seismometer b. Seismograph c. Earthquakemeter 9. It is an instrument that measures voltage: a. Ameter b. Voltameter c. Galvanometer 10. It is an instrument that measures fat contents in milk: a. Rain Guage b. Lactometer c. Altimeter BOOK THREE 59

UNIT 5NEPAL History Tick (ü) the correct answer. a Durbar School Rani Pokhari ü Dharahara b Pashupatinath PATAN DURBAR c Swayambhu SQUARE d Dakshinkali Patan Durbar Square is 60 BOOK THREE Singha Durbar a beautiful tourist place Bagh Durbar in Nepal. It lies in Lalitpur Lal Durbar district. Many old historical temples and art can be Bagh Durbar seen in this area. It is Ghanta Ghar one of the three Durbar Dharahara Squares in the Kathmandu Valley. Do you know? Rani Pokhari is located in the center of Kathmandu. King Pratap Malla built Rani Pokhari in the memory of his wife.

Answer the following questions. 1. Which dynasty ruled first in Nepal? 2. Which script is the oldest script in Nepal? 3. Who made Managriha? 4. What was the real name of Araniko? Do you know? 5. Who made the temple of Taleju Bhawani? The temple is located 6. Who established Bir Hospital? on the bank of the 7. Who built Rani Pokhari? Bagmati River. It is a 8. Who was the first female engineer of Nepal? famous sacred Hindu Religion. It is the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu. BOOK THREE 61

Geography Tick (ü) the correct answer. a What is the headquarters of Karnali Province? Birendranagar Pokhara Janakpur b What is the headquarters of Province No. 1? Biratnagar POKHARA Hetauda This is the picture of Birendranagar Phewa Lake. It lies in Pokhara. c What is the headquarters of Pokhara is one of the most Sudurpashchim Province? beautiful cities of Nepal. Janakpur It lies in Kaski District in Gandaki Zone. It is Godawari the second largest city of Nepal. It is also the Janakpur headquarters of Kaski District. d What is the headquarters of Province No. 3? Do you know? Janakpur Mahendra Highway is the longest highway Pokhara of Nepal. Mahendra Highway extends from Hetauda Mechi in the east to Mahakali in the west. e What is the headquarters of Gandaki Province? Janakpur Pokhara Biratnagar 62 BOOK THREE

Answer the following questions. 1. In which continent does Nepal lie? 2. How far is Bhutan from Nepal? 3. How many districts are there in Nepal? Do you know? 4. What is the total area of Kathmandu district? 5. How many provinces are there in Nepal? Illam is a beautiful 6. Which place is known as the entrance of mountainous place Mt. Everest? in the eastern Nepal. IIlam is famous for 7. There is a dry port in Nepal, where is it? tea production. It is a famous tourist place 8. Which place in Nepal has the smallest as well. amount of rainfall? BOOK THREE 63

Great People Tick (ü) the correct answer. a Amar Singh Thapa Bhimsen Thaha Jung B. Rana b JANAKI Bhrikuti Sita was born in Janakpur Araniko of Dhanusa District. She Sita is the adopted daughter of King Janak. She is the c wife of Rama in the epic King Tribhuvan Ramayana. According Anshuverma to this epic, King Janak Pratap Malla found Sita while he was ploughing the field. She d is also one of our national Matrika Pd. Koirala luminaries of Nepal. Pushpa Lal B. P. Koirala 64 BOOK THREE

Interesting Facts Choose the correct option. 1. First Prime Minister of Nepal Motiram Bhatta was Bir Shamsher born in 1866 AD on Bhimsen Thapa the festival day of Balabhadra Kunwar Krishna Astami. At the 2. First bank established in Nepal age of six, he left his Nepal Bank Limited birthplace Kathmandu Rastriya Banijya Bank to get studies in the Nepal Rastra Bank Indian city of Banaras. 3. First elected Prime Minister of Nepal Krishna Prasad Bhattarai Do you know? Dev Shamsher B. P. Koirala Pasang Lhamu 4. First Nepali doctor Sherpa was the first Dr. Bhola Rizal Nepali woman to Dr. Ratna Das Baidhya climb Mt. Everest. Dr. Som Nath Aryal She died while 5. First I.G.P. of Nepal returning from the top Bir Shamsher of Everest. Dev Shamsher She is also one Nar Shamsher of the national 6. First Nepali to reach Antarctica luminaries. Bhuwan Singh Pawan Sharma Tenzing Norgey Sherpa 7. First president of Nepal Bidya Devi Bhandari Ram Baran Yadav Parmanand Jha BOOK THREE 65

Temple and Pilgrimage Tick (ü) the correct answer. a Budhanilkantha Swayambhu Muktinath b Changunarayan Krishna Mandir Muktinath c Pashupatinath DHARAHARA Manakamana Dharahara was the Dakshinkali tallest structure of Nepal. As it was built d Krishna Mandir by Bhimesn Thapa Bajra Barahi in 1832 AD, it was 66 BOOK THREE Dakshinkali also called Bhimesn Tower (Stamva). It was a nine storey tower and has a spiral staircase. From the balcony of the eighth floor, people enjoyed a panoramic view of the Kathmandu valley. A new Dharahara is being built now.

Interesting Facts Answer these questions. 1. In which district is Swayambhu Temple The deity of Budhanilkantha located? was lost for a while and was later 2. Which is the greatest temple of Hindu in rediscovered by a Nepal? farmer. Lord Vishnu is about 5 meter 3. In which district is Pathivara temple long and is lying in a situated? 13 meter long stone, as if floating. Do you know? 4. In which district is Manakamana Temple situated? 5. In which district is the temple of Dantakali situated? 6. Where is the famous ‘Tatopani’ Pilgrimage situated? 7. To which God is the statue of Budhanilkantha related? Lord Ganesh is 8. In which district does famous Baraha said to be the son of Chhetra lie? Lord Shiva and Mata Parvati. Ganesh is 9. To which god is the temple of Surya the god of wealth and Vinayak related? wisdom. BOOK THREE 67

Test Yourself A Answer the following questions. 1. Who is the first martyr of Nepal? 2. What is the highest court of Nepal? 3. Who was said to have introduced Gai Jatra? 4. What is the lower house of the Parliament called? 5. Who was the first Prime Minister of Nepal? 6. Who built Dharahara? 7. Who was the first Nepali lady pilot? 8. Who was the first woman minister of Nepal? 9. When was the Nepal Television founded? 10. What is the official language of Nepal? 11. Who is the head of the Supreme Court? 12. Who was the first elected Prime Minister of Nepal? 13. How many airports are there in Nepal? 14. What is the famous dance of Jumla and Dolpa? 15. What is the famous dance of Tamang community called? 68 BOOK THREE

B Answer these questions. a. Who built Rani Pokhari? b. What was the real name of Araniko? c. What is the total area of Kathmandu district? d. In which zone does Mt. Api lie? e. In which district is the temple of Dantakali situated? f. In which district is Swayambhu Temple located? C Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. a. Dharahara was the tallest landmark in Nepal. b. Pratap Malla established Bir Hospital. c. Mustang is the place with the smallest amount of rainfall. d. Narayan Gopal is a pop singer. Do you know? The 13 South Asian Games 2019 was held in Nepal from December 1 to 10. The games were played in three different cities in Nepal: Kathmandu, Pokhara and Janakpur. The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Dasharath Stadium in Kathmandu. India stood first with 312 medals; Nepal stood second with 206 medals and Sri Lanka at third position with 251 medals. BOOK THREE 69

UNIT 6THE WORLD Tick (ü) the correct answer. a Which is the biggest city in the world? London Paris Tokyo TOKYO b In which country paper money was Tokyo is the capital of Japan. It lies in Asia. used first? Tokyo is one of the biggest Nepal cities in the world. Tokyo is one of the very expensive China cities. India Interesting Facts c Who discovered America? George Bush Colombus Alexander d When did Pakistan get independent? 12 Aug 1947 China lies on Northern part 16 Aug 1947 of Nepal. China is the third 14 Aug 1947 largest country in the world by means of area. China has the world largest population. 70 BOOK THREE

Match the countries with their capitals. Nepal Kathmandu Pakistan Islamabad Sri Lanka Colombo Maldives Male Bhutan Thimphu Afghanistan Kabul India Tokyo Bangladesh Dhaka China Beijing Do you know? Japan New Delhi Malaysia Washington D.C. France Paris USA Kuala Lumpur Egypt Cairo Mumbai is the biggest Spain Madrid city in India. The old name of Mumbai is Russia Moscow Bombay. The famous Bollywood is also in Iran Tehran Mumbai. It is also called the city of dreams. Iraq Baghdad BOOK THREE 71

Geography Tick (ü) the correct answer. a How many oceans are there in the world? Three Six Five b Which is the biggest Ocean? Pacific Indian MOUNT K2 Mount K2 is the Arabic second tallest mountain in the world c Where is the world famous Mount Cook after Mt. Everest. It is peak? in Pakistan. New Zealand Interesting Facts South Africa Australia d Which is the smallest continent? Australia is the smallest Australia continent in the world. Australia is a country as well a Africa continent. Australia is also known as the Asia land of Kangaroo. 72 BOOK THREE

Fill in the blanks. Do you know? 1. The ................... is the longest river in the world. The North Pole is not on land but on constantly 2. The ................................ is the biggest shifting ice floating over desert. a deep ocean. Early attempts to 3. The biggest sea of the world is the reach the pole by ship ....................................... . were destroyed by the permanent ice pack. 4. ........................................... is the most populated city in the world. 5. The widest river in the world is the ............................. . 6. The second largest mountain of the world is the ........................................ . 7. ............................ is the biggest city of China. 8. Tokyo city is made up of ...................... districts. 9. The ..................................... river flows through India and Bangladesh. 10. The longest river of China is the ................................ . 11. The ................................ is the second longest river of the world. 12. Andes is the longest mountain range in the world. It is in ............................. . 13. The area of Nepal is ......................... . BOOK THREE 73

Famous People THOMAS ALVA EDISON Thomas Alva Edison Tick (ü) the correct answer. is one of the greatest a scientists ever. He is the inventor Bill Clinton of electric bulb and Barack Obama other many electrical George Bush appliances. b Amitabh Bachchan Interesting Facts Shahrukh Khan Akshay Kumar Marie Curie is a great c female William Shakespear scientist born Leonardo da Vinci in Poland in Charles Darwin November 7, 1867. d Neil Armstrong She is the first woman to Yuri Gagarin get Nobel Prize. Bob Marley e Bill Clinton Barak Obama George Bush f Charles Darwin Yuri Gagarin Dalai Lama 74 BOOK THREE

People of different countries. Interesting Facts Malaysia Malaysian Egypt Egyptian China Chinese Bill Gates is Spain Spanish an American Italy Italian Businessman. He is Greece Greek one of the wealthiest Russia Russian people in the world. He is the co-founder of Microsoft. Do you know? Japan Japanese Bhutan Bhutnese The people of Pakistan Pakistan Pakistani are called Pakistani. Brazil Brazilian Pakistan is a muslim country. It lies in Asia. Canada Canadian Pakistan got independence in the year 1947 AD. Thailand Thai BOOK THREE 75

World’s Famous Structures Tick (ü) the correct answer. a Angel Falls Tilicho Lake Lake Baikal b Burj Khalifa MOUNT EVEREST Eiffel Tower Mount Everest is the Dharahara highest peak in the c world. It is in Nepal. Its height is 8848 m. It is also known as Sagarmatha. TV Tower (Japan) Interesting Facts Statue of Liberty Statue of Unity d Lake Baikal is the deepest Kanchanjunga freshwater lake in the world and the third largest Mt. Everest lake in Asia. A large variety of plant and Mt. K2 animal life is found in its clear water. 76 BOOK THREE

Answer these questions. 1. Which is the highest town in the world? 2. Which hotel is situated in the highest place of the world? 3. What is the tallest animal in the world? 4. What is the highest fall in the world? Do you know? 5. Which is the tallest statue in the world? 6. Which is the tallest tower in the world? Amazon is the widest 7. Which lake is situated in the highest river in the world. place of the world? It is also the largest 8. What is the highest clock tower in the river in the world by world? volume. 9. Which is the tallest building in the world? It lies in South America. BOOK THREE 77

World’s Largest Tick (ü) the correct answer. a Greenland Phillipines Maldives b AIRBUS A-380 Kalahari It is the largest passenger Sahara aircraft in the world. Gobi It has the capacity to carry c 525 passengers. TV tower (Japan) Statue of Liberty Interesting Facts Bigben Ocean is a large mass of d Nepal Airlines water surrounded by land Druk Air on all the sides. 78 BOOK THREE Aeroflot There are altogether five oceans in the world. Among them the Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.

Answer these questions. 1. Which is the largest continent in the world? 2. Which is the largest museum in the world? 3. Which is the largest city of world in terms of area? 4. Which is the largest gulf in the world? 5. Which is the largest landlocked in the world? 6. Which is the largest salt water lake in the Do you know? world? 7. Which is the largest film studio in the world? 8. Which is the largest ocean in the world? The above given 9. Which is the largest harbour in the world? picture is of London Port. It is the largest 10. Which is the largest ship in the world? harbour in the world. BOOK THREE 79

Flags and Countries Match the flags with the following countries. Japan India Singapore Taiwan China Thailand Syria Pakistan Nepal Norway Bhutan Srilanka 80 BOOK THREE

Seven Wonders of the World Name the following. Key Words Christ the Redeemer Chichen Itza Castillo Great Wall of China Colosseum Petra Machu Picchu Taj Mahal BOOK THREE 81

Test Yourself Answer the following questions. Who found the North Pole? Who was the first to reach the South Pole? Who discovered the famous Victoria falls in Africa? Who was the first to land on the moon? Who was the first European explorer that reached India first? Key Words Robert Edwin Peary, Sr. Ronald Amundsen Vasco da Gama David Livingstone Neil Alden Armstrong Neil Alden Armstrong was an American astronaut and the first Do you know? person to walk on the moon. He was also an aerospace engineer, naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor. 82 BOOK THREE

Write the nick names. The Land of the Midnight Sun The Land of the Rising Sun The Land of Thousand Lakes The Land of White Elephant The City of Seven Hills The Gift of the Nile Key Words Japan Finland Thailand Rome Egypt Norway BOOK THREE 83

UNIT 7Language and Literature Authors BROTHERS GRIMM Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were two German brothers. They are known as the Brothers Grimm. They are best known for publishing fairy tales. They were famous storytellers who started the system of collecting and recording folk stories. Some of their popular stories are: Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Little Red Riding Hood, Snow White and Seven Little Dwarfs, The Frog Prince, Hansel and Gretel. J K ROWLING J K Rowling is a British novelist. She is best known as the author of the Harry Potter series. She is one of the most celebrated and successful authors of all time. The Harry Potter series has sold over 400 million copies and they have been translated into 65 languages. HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN Hans Christian Andersen was born into a poor family in Denmark. His father was a shoemaker and his mother a washerwoman, and he was the first Danish author to emerge from the lowest class. He is one of the most widely read authors in the world. His stories and fairy tales have been translated into 146 different languages. Some of his famous stories are: The Princess and the Pea, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Emperor’s New Clothes. 84 BOOK THREE

Epics MUNA MADAN Muna Madan is one of the most popular works in Nepali literature. It is a short epic that tells the tragic story of Muna and Madan. It is a famous epic by Laxmi Prasad Devkota. Just before his death in 1959, he made his famous statement, “It would be all right if all my works were burned, except for Muna Madan.” MAHABHARAT An epic is a long poem about the adventures of great heroes. The Mahabharata is the largest epic in the world. It tells the story of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes. It is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana. RAMAYAN Like the Mahabharata, the Ramayana is Sanskrit epic poem. It is regarded as one of the great Hindu literature. It narrates the story of Rama, who is regarded as an avatar of the Hindu supreme-god Vishnu, and whose wife Sita is abducted by Ravana, the king of Lanka. BOOK THREE 85

Rhymes Complete the rhyme names. Jack and _______ Baa Baa ______________ Rain __________ Away The Wheels on ________ I’m a ________Teapot ________________ My Shoe Mary Had a ___________ _____________ Little Star Hickory __________ Dock 86 BOOK THREE

Stories Match the following story parts. The Pied Piper Beauty Sleeping Riding Hood Little Red Wonderland Seven Little Dwarfs Cinderella and The Ant Hamelin Alice in Her Stepmother Ali Baba and Gretel Snow white and Mermaid the Grasshopper The Frog ant the Forty Thieves Hansel and The Little Prince BOOK THREE 87

My Body A new born baby has 300 bones. Baby bones are made up of a soft material called cartilage. As the baby grows, the cartilage becomes harder. There are three kinds of bones in our body – long, short and flat. Our legs and arms have long bones. Our ankles and wrists have short bones. Ribs and shoulders have flat bones. Femur is the longest bone in our body. The smallest bone is in our ears. Where two bones join together, it is called joint. When bones crack or break, it is called fracture. Muscles help us to move. They help us to walk, smile and even wink. There are more than 600 muscles in our body. The smallest muscle is present in our ears. The biggest muscle is present in the buttock. Our tongue has 14 different kinds of muscles. 88 BOOK THREE

Match the body parts with the cleaning items. ear toothbrush nail soap tongue tongue cleaner tooth shampoo nail cutter skin ear bud hair BOOK THREE 89

Quick Quiz Answer the following questions. A. How many bones are there in the adult human body? B. Which sense organ helps us to feel hot and cold? C. Which organ in our body pumps blood? D. How many kidneys do we have? E. Which animal has teeth in its stomach? F. Which insect has white blood? G. What is the name of this dry fruit? H. Which country is known as the land of kangaroos? 90 BOOK THREE

UNIT 8MIXED BAG Astronomy A planet is a large non-luminous object in space which revolves around the sun. The sun looks like a small ball but it is actually many many times bigger the Earth. It looks small because it is very far. The earth is where we all live. It is a planet. Do you know? Mercury is the closest to the sun. Neptune is the farthest from the sun. Jupiter is the largest planet. Mercury is the smallest planet. Earth is the only planet on which there are living things. There are eight planets in our solar system. In fact, there were nine. There was one more planet, Pluto, but in 2006, scientists decided that Pluto is a ‘dwarf planet’ and they reduced the list of planet in our Solar System to the eight. BOOK THREE 91

Stars Tick (ü) the correct answer. a What is the earth’s only natural satellite? sun star moon b Who is the first person to go to space? Neil Armstrong GALAXIES Yuri Gargain Galaxies are groups of Edwin Aldrin many stars in the sky. We cannot count the c Who is the first person to use the number of galaxies. telescope? We live in the milky way Pascal galaxy. Galilio Newton Interesting Facts d What are galaxies? Asteroids are rocky and a group of mountains metallic objects that orbit a group of computers the Sun but are too small a group of stars to be considered planets. They are known as minor 92 BOOK THREE planets.

Name the given planets. Do you know? Jupiter is the Key Words biggest planet. It is Mercury Venus Earth Mars the fifth planet from the sun, and the Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune largest in the solar system. It has 1,400 times the volume that of the earth. BOOK THREE 93

Time Travels There are 12 months in a year. There are 365 days in a year. Some months have 30 days and some have 31 days. April, June, September 30 days Do you know? and November January, March, May, 31 days July, August, October and December February 28 days Have you heard about a leap The world’s tallest indoor year? Nearly every 4 years is a waterfall is the Rain Leap Year. Vortex. It has been built at A leap year consists of 366 the Jewel Changi Airport days. Once in every four years, in Singapore. February has 29 days. So every fourth year there are 366 days in the year. A year in which February has 29 days is called a leap year. Tell the time on these clocks. 1:30 94 BOOK THREE

Match the names with the clocks. wall clock pendulum clock wrist watch digital watch cuckoo clock grandfather clock Do you know? The North Pole and South Pole have only two seasons – summer and winter. During summer, the sun never sets. During winter, the sun does not rise at all. BOOK THREE 95

Entertainment Tick (ü) the correct answer. a Samragyee Shah Niruta Singh Gauri Malla b Nikhil Uprety Rajesh Hamal ANMOL KC Dayahang Rai Anmol KC is the son of Bhuwan KC. Both are very popular actors in Nepali film industry. c Nabin K. Bhattarai Sugam Pokhrel Interesting Facts Nima Rumba d Madan Shrestha Maha Jodi means Madan Santosh Panta Krishna Shrestha and Hari Bansha Acharya. They are Hari Bansha very popular in Nepali film industry. 96 BOOK THREE

Tick (ü) the correct answer. 1. Madan Krishna and Hari Bansha are known as Maha Jodi. True False 2. Maithi Ghar is the first Nepali movie. True False 3. Rajesh Hamal is one of the actors of the movie Darpan Chhaya? Interesting Facts True False 4. Sugam Pokhrel is a pop singer. True False 5. Deepak Raj Giri is a comedian. The roller coaster is True False a popular amusement 6. Metro F.M. is the first F.M. station ride developed for amusement parks. in Nepal. Most roller coasters have multiple cars in True False which passengers sit. 7. Nikhil Uprety is famous for showing An entire set of cars hooked together is action stunts. called a train. True False 8. Hits F.M. award is given every five year. True False 9. Rako is the first cinema scope movie of Nepal. True False 10.Famous movie Kag Beni is made by Bhushan Dahal. True False BOOK THREE 97

Musical Instruments Name the following musical instruments. Key Words Drum Flute Guitar Drum Set Harmonium Piano Violin Xylophone Trumpet Saxophone 98 BOOK THREE

Folk Musical Instruments Name the following folk musical instruments. Key Words Ektare Dholak Damaha Damphu Shehnai Dhyangro Madal Tabla Sarangi Jhyali BOOK THREE 99

Test Yourself 1 Choose the correct answer. a. Which is the musical instrument? Screw Madal Eraser b. Which organ helps us to respire? Lungs Heart Liver c. Which of the following does not have legs? Chair Tiger Mattress d. Which of the following is a computer device? Brush Mouse Rat e. Which of the following is an animal? Umbrella Cucumber Sloth f. What do we call the home of a woodpecker? Hollow Burrow Nest g. What do we call the sound of a bird? Bark Chirp Chatter h. Which is a herbivore animal? Tiger Shark Polar Bear Reindeer i. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. 1. Swimming is a sport. 2. Kunti Moktan is a writer. 3. Hari Khadka is a football player. 4. Moon is a planet. 100 BOOK THREE