Health Science Flipbook- Musculoskeletal

Musculoskeletal System  Function: ​The musculoskeletal system serves the body by holding body parts together in place,making movement possible, protecting internal organs, producing 85% of body heat, assisting with moving food and other fluids as well as aiding blood flow throughout the body. Key terms: My/o: ​ Muscle Myel/o:​ Spinal cord; bone marrow Oste/o:​ Bone Cost/o:​ Rib Crani/o:​ Skull -Pexy:​ Surgical fixation Chondr/o:​ Cartilage Arthr/o:​ Joint; jointed -Plegia:​ Paralysis Kinesi/o:​ Movement EXTRA KEY TERMS Lei/o:​ S​ mooth Sarc/o:​ F​ lesh; connective tissue Articul/o:​ ​Joint Rhabd/o:​ Rod-shaped Tens/o:​ Stretched; strained Vocabulary: Muscle:​ Type of body tissue made up of bundles of fibers that are held together by connective tissue. Voluntary muscles:​ Muscles that are simulated to move through conscious control. Involuntary muscles:​ Muscles that are not simulated to move through conscious control. Automaticity:​ The ability of a muscle to contract without the involvement of a nerve supply. Contractility:​ The ability of a skeletal muscle to contract or shorten. Elasticity:​ The ability of skeletal muscle fibers to resume their resting length when a stretching force is removed. Excitability:​ The ability of a skeletal muscle to receive and respond to a nerve impulse by contracting. Extensibility:​ The ability of the skeletal muscles to be stretched. Tendon: ​A band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone. Ligament:​ A fibrous cord of tissue that attaches bone to bone.

EXTRA Vocabulary: Endomysium​: A​ fine sheath of aerolar connective tissue around each muscle fiber. Perimysium​: ​A sheath of connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fasicles. Epimysium:​ A​ dense, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle. Fascia​: F​ ibrous connective tissue that binds muscles into functional groups and envelops other structures in the body​. Smooth muscle:​ A​ type of involuntary muscle that contracts and relaxes to move contents through body systems passageways. Diseases/disorders: Atrophy:​ Wasting away or shrinkage of muscle size. Hemiparesis​: Weakness or slight paralysis on one side of the body. Hemiplegia:​ Total paralysis on one side of the body. Hypertrophy:​ Excessive or abnormal enlargement of a muscle. Myolysis:​ Degeneration or deterioration of muscle tissue. EXTRA Diseases/disorders: Myoma:​ Tumor of the muscle. Leiomyoma:​ Benign tumor of smooth muscle, such as that found in the heart, bladder, or uterus. Myocele:​ Herniation or protrusion of muscle through a tear in the fascia. Myoparesis: ​ Weakness or mild muscular paralysis. Myositis:​ Inflammation of a muscle. Test/Procedure: Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTR):​ Evaluation of involuntary muscle responses with a reflex hammer. Goniometry:​ The measurement of range of motion in a joint. Healthcare careers: Certified Fitness Trainer (CFT):​ A trainer who serves as a leader and instructor in exercise programs and helps people achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Sports medicine physician:​ A physician who treats and prevents sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles.

EXTRA Healthcare careers: Exercise physiologist:​ ​A physiologist who performs exercise stress tests and evaluates a person’s physical condition, focusing on cardiovascular health and metabolism. Massage therapists:​ ​Therapists that treat patients by using touch to manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body to relieve pain, improve circulation, etc. Kinesiologist:​ Kinesiologists specialize in the analysis of body movement and they monitor human muscle movement to alleviate muscle ailments through multiple techniques. Orthopedist:​ Is a specialist who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions. Physical Therapist: ​ PT’s are therapists that specialize in helping injured or ill people to improve movement and manage pain along with evaluating and tracking their progress. Citations: Introduction to Medical Terminology, 1st Edition Page 82​, www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/introduction-medical-terminology-2017/98. “Muscular System - Muscles of the Human Body.” I​ nnerbody,​ www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html. Image Citations: Cummings, Shane W., and Robin Huw Crompton. “Human Muscle System.” E​ ncyclopædia Britannica,​ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 26 Apr. 2018, www.britannica.com/science/human-muscle-system. “Building a 3D Human. Phase 3: Muscular System.” P​ ocket Anatomy​, 14 July 2017, www.pocketanatomy.com/teaching-anatomy/building-3d-human-phase-3-muscular-system.