ຄະນິດສາດ_Math

17[qfmu dkooe.-h[aomaf c]t [aomaflkd I. dyf9tdeD !D 9qj’lhk’[aomaflkdfh;pdkora[g9hp8k,0Ao8vo]5j,oU G !D g9hpczoj |b’j 8k,.9D @D ra[8k,.9];’0;k’D #D ra[.shc7, ra[7A’mu ! g8a’daoD @D 9qj’oe.-h[aomaflkdmujlhk’.o0=hmu ! ,kcmd,5,0v’I6[]5j,oU D dd d W 0W 0 W 0 I6[ ! I6[ @ I6[ # ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ d d d W0 0 0 W W I6[ * I6[ & I6[ $ { I6[.f,uglAo-n8j A’lkddao c]t ,u9ad,5,lkd X _W = ? .oc8j]tI6[D #D 9q’j oe.-h[aomafgrnjvc8h,I6[]5,j oU7no D I6[ ! d I6[ @ d I6[ # d0 0 C 0 C 7 7 c8j]tI6[,uglAo-nj.fcfmj uj0t|kodaoD 48

II. .97;k,D gryoj oe.-h[aomaflkdg0Qk.odko;afcmd,5, grnvj 1kdI6h,5,oAo;kj wfhlkds^n[+ L gIqklk,kflhk’[aomaflkdfh;pdkora[g9hp g9hp8k,.9 ra[gmnjvmu ! ra[gmnvj mu @ lv’glAo-nmj usj kj ’ltg\\udaoc,oj lv’glAo-nuoj Ao0t|kodaoD 4hk0uf8+wxd+9t[+ 8afdao9adgmnvj D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ II. [qfg/udsafD ! 9qj’c8h,I6[]5j,oUc]h;oe.-h[aomaflkdgrnjv;afcmd,5, c]t [vdI6[muj,uglAo-nj 8A’lkddao D I6[ dD I6[ 0D I6[ 7D I6[ CD @D 9qj’d;fg[yj’;jkI6[.f,uglAo-nj0t|kodao D I6[ dD I6[ 0D I6[ 7D 49

[qfmu 18 8e]k9eo;o I. dyf9tdeD !D ok’ 7exko wxIhko0kpv5xtdvodkoIPo ]k;wfhwxvjko]k7klyo7hkc8]j t -toyf16jdtfkofa’j ]5j,oUD 9q’j -;j p ok’ 7exko 7yfw]j.lj8k8t]k’]5,j oUD 9eo;ol=fe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ]k7kl=fe 1000 9eo;o[yd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ]k7k[yd 1500 9eo;oxB,0Po 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ]k7kxB,0Po 2000 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D 76xt9eshv’wfhgvqkxB,vkj o1kp.shoadIPo7qo]t & sq; grnvj wxvjkoD ]k;7yfw]j c]t ltcf’gxao dik2ydfaj’]5,j oU G 9q’j la’gdfc]h;8v[7e4k,D 9eo;ooadIPo 20 { oadIPo & 7qo 761kp 15 xB,.sh9adsq; L 10 { xB, !WW sq; 1kp.shoad IPo9ad7qo9bj’r=fu\\qf L 5 { 4hkoadIPo @& 7qo 76 1 9tgvqkxB,,k1kp.sh9adsq; L 0 9eo;oxB, 5 25 50 75 100 50

II. .97;k,D 8e]k9eo;oc,jo dkorq;rao]ts;jk’9eo;o 3fpltcf’dkorq;raovvd fh;p8k8t]k’F dik2ydF D D D 8q;1jk’G oadIPoshv’ xD$ 3po\\kd[ko.l[j h;’z6h]t @ 7A’ 4hk,u & 7qo 9t3po\\kd[ko];,ma’\\qf9ad7A’ L 9eo;o7qo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ { .olt4kotdkooUc,jodkorq;rao]ts;jk’7qoda[9eo;o7A’ dik2yd 8k8t]k’9eo;o 5 9eo;o7qo 9eo;o7A’ 4 1 2 2 4 3 3 6 4 8 2 5 10 1 9eo;o7A’ 0 2 4 6 8 10 III. [qfg/udsafD !D 9q’j 0Po8nj,.l8j k8t]k’]5j,oU c]h;ltcf’fh;pdik2ydD oE|adwdjgxao kg 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ]k7kwdjgxao du[ 15000 du[ @D ok’9aol5fk wx8ts^kf]k;wfh-NxkF -nh-UoF -nhzad c]t -N\\kdw,h fa’j 8k8t]k’ ]5j,oU G 9qj’0Po8n,j .l8j k8t]k’.sh7q[ D oE|ad kg 1 2 3 456 ]k7k0v’ ]kpdkogxaodu[ 25 000 20 000 9000 25 000 -Uo xk zad \\kdw,h 51

[qfmu 19 I6[c[[8kj ’M.odkoltg|u0=h,6o I. dyf9tdeD !D 9qj’la’gdfdik2ydc]h;8v[7e4k,]5j,oU G dD dik2yd]5j,oUltcf’g4y’ 0D dik2ydoUltcf’g4y’];’pk; v5oj str5,0v’xtgmf]k; 0v’c,joE16j[k’xtgmf.o3]d D X;afcmd16j;P’9ao? rkp.o|bj’xu ];’pk; Xkm? v5ostr6, X c= ? 36 34 7000 6650 6400 32 30 6000 28 5410 26 5000 4880 4444 24 3766 22 4000 vk2iydk vkg,]ydkg|nv 20 3000 vkg,]ydk.8h 18 16 2000 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິ-u-u]ggດk[[;]u]u 14 12 1000 c,oj E 10 oyo ,u-yf vk,k vq[ oE vk -u[[u 3-o 0v’ ,q; 8 6 4 2 gfnvo 0 ,a’dvo ,uok rbfltrk d=]tdqf daopk rt9yd d5,rk g,lk ,u45ok ly’sk 85]k mao;k { c8]j tgfnvo,uv5ostr6,9advq’lk L { c,oj E.flAod;jk\\6j c]t ,u9addy3]c,af L { v5ostr6,8ej l5fgmqkj .f c]t16j.ogfnvo.f L { c,oj E.fpk;d;kj \\6j c]t,u9addy3]c,afL { v5ostr6,l6’l5fgmqjk.f c]t 16j.ogfnvo.f L @D 9qj’la’gdf8k8t]k’c]h;8v[7e4k,D oaddy]kmjuc]oj g[u # g[u & g[u @ g[u ! g[u $ { oaddy]kc8j]t7qoc]jo g;]k.-hc]oj .ow]pt wxwfh9addy3]c,af.o * dy3]c,af Xgxaookmu? 60 30 120 20 40 !@W okmuD w]ptmuwj xwfh.o !@W okmu 12 24 6 36 18 { .ow]ptmk’ * dy3] c,afc8]j t7qo.-hg;]k c]jogmqjk.f L 52

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ#D 9q’j la’gdfxhkp37ltokc]h;8v[7e4k, D xEoE,ao gxuf[=]ydko @$ -qj;3,’ { c8j]txhkpltcf’g4y’spa’L II. .97;k,D dkoltg|u0=h,6olk,kfltcf’wfhs^kpI6[c[[g-ajoG dik2ydS 8k8t]k’F xhkp37ltokF D D D III. [qfg/udsafD !D I6[rk[;af8t9addko0tspkp8q;0v’dq[ dD w0jmujskd=wfhIa[dkoxtlq,g-nhv 0D w0mj u[j ao95|+]6d c]t de]a’9tgxao]6dI;dD 7D I;dmujskd+vvd9kdw0j D CD I;dmuj,u2ao2n,c]h; D 9D I;dmugj duf,u0ks^a’ D lD I;dmugj duf,u0k|hk D -D sk’0v’I;d7jvpMl6oskpwxD pD dq[lq,[6oc[[ D { ;af8t9addko0tspkp8q;0v’dq[,u9adw]pt L { w]pt 7 c]t l ,u7;k,\\kp;jkco;.f L @D 9’jq l’a gdf8k8t]k’lt48y 0y v’oda IPoxt4,q l,q [o6 m’jq dk’ldq IPo @WW*{@WW(D shv’ x! x@ x# x$ x& { oadIPoc8j]tshv’ ,ugmqkj .fL 9eo;o ] p ] p ] p ] p ] p { oadIPopy’ -AoxD# &( @) &@ @* *W @& && #@ &$ @$ ,u9ad7qo L 53

[qfmu 20 I6[c[[8kj ’M.odkoltg|u0=h,6oX8+? I. dyf9tdeD xtgrflaf]hP’ !D 9qj’la’gdf dik2yd]5j,oUc]h;8v[7e4k, D 9eo;o38 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 wdj gxaf \\6 Cq; 7;kp !@ ,{ laf]hP’c8j]txtgrf,u9ad38L shv’Ia[c0d shv’dyog0Qk ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D 9q’j la’gdfg[y’j czoza’0v’gInvos^a’oUc]h;8v[7e4k, D !# , gInvo7q; shv’oE shv’ovo shv’ovo mk’g0Qk { ];’dh;k’F ];’pk;0v’gInvo,ugmqjk.fc,afL { ,ushv’9adshv’F 7nshv’.fcfDj c8j]tshv’d;hk’F pk;gmqjk.fc,af L { ,u9adxt86 L { .shvtmy[kplaopt]addPj ;da[xt86 D 54

II. .97;k,D 0=h,6omu.j sh,koAo,us^kpI6[c[[F lyj’le7aogIqk8hv’I6hvjkom5dI6[c[[0v’ dkoltg|u0=h,6ooAoD III. [qfg/udsafD !D 9q’j la’gdfI6[]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;ko c]t 0=h,6o.o8k8t]k’ c]h;8v[7e4k,G 8kg;ao fk;rtl5d fk;glqk fk;pq, fk;rtsaf fk;gdf fk;,t]bf8tp6 fk;r5f |j;p3]d fk;va’7ko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ -njfk; w]ptsjk’9kdf;’vkmyf Xrao]hko km ? glAozjko.9dk’(km) fk;r5f &) $ )(W fk;rtl5d !W) !@ !@W |;j p3]d !&W !@ (&* fk;va’7ko @&) * )WW fk;rtsaf ((_ !$@ *WW fk;glqk ! $@) !!_ #WW fk;,t]bf8tp6 @ )(@ $_ WWW fk;gdf $ &WW $) WWW fk;pq, & _!& * WWW dD |j;p3]d,uw]ptskj ’9kdf;’vkmyfgmqjk.f c]t ,uglAozkj o.9dk’gmqkj .f L 0D fk;c8]j tf;’,wu ]ptskj ’9kdf;’vkmfy gmkjq .f c]t,gu loA zkj odk’gmkjq .f L @D .olqdIPo @WW*{@WW( 16j3I’IPoxt4q,csj’|bj’,uoadIPofaj’oUG x! &W 7qoS xD@ $& 7qoS x# $W 7qoS x$ #& 7qoS c]t x& #W 7qoS 9qj’ltcf’9eo;o oadIPo0v’3I’IPofaj’dkj ;fh;pdik2yd D 55

[qfmu 21 dkooe.-h;q’;Po I. dyf9tdeD !D9q’j c8h,I6[.ljxN,0Po3fpoe.-h;q’;Po 09 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 14444442344c44m443 d C7 56

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ@D 9q’j oe.-h;q’;Pogrnjvc8h,I6[c,’dtg[Nv]5,j oU G { gryoj c8h,I6[c,’dtg[Nvfh;p;q’,qoma’\\qfXsq;F38Fxud? { .shoadIPoc8h,I6[c,’dtg[Nv7no3fp,u0t|kfgfu, c]t ,umu8j A’8k,.9D 57

II. .97;k,D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ gryoj .-h;q’;Pogrnvj 0uf;q’,qo3fpxt8y[affa’j oU G { deoqf95f.9dk’0v’;q’,qo c]h;;k’ g0a,;q’;Po.lDj { pt0k;q’;Povvd8k,];’pk;0v’ ]aflt\\u;q’,qomugj Iqk9tc8h,D { 0uf;q’,qofh;pdko.-hoY;,nXoY;3xh c]t oY;-Uxuoj 8k,I6[ c]t dqfg0a, |hvp|b’j ?D III. [qfg/udsafD !D 9q’j c8h,;q’,qoshkvaomujI;j ,g,af.9dk’ O vaofP;dao { ;q’,qo d ,u]aflt\\u ! cm { ;q’,qo 0 ,u]aflt\\u @ cm { ;q’,qo 7 ,u]aflt\\u # cm { ;q’,qo C ,u]aflt\\u $ cm { ;q’,qo 9 ,u]aflt\\u & cm @D 9qj’c8h,;q’,qomuj,u]aflt\\upk; # -a’8ugg,afc]h;0ufglahozkj o.9dk’lv’glaho8ah’ lkddaog-yj’8af;q’,qo16lj ugj ,af 9kdoAo.sh0uf $ g,af8+.ldj aoc]h;9twfhI6[spa’ L 58

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ#D 9qj’c8h,I6[.ljxB,0Po 3fpg]u,j 9kd|bj’;q’,qo c]t c[’j ;q’,qooAovvdgxao * lj;o gmqjkdao 3fp.shc8j]tl;j ogmqkj da[]aflt\\u0v’,ao c]h;\\kp * g,afF 9kd c8j]tg,af.sh0uf;q’,qo|bj’;q’D 4k,;jk.odkoc8h,oAo,u9ad;q’,qo L $D 9q’j c8h,I6[]5j,oU.lxj nh,0Po D 59

[qfmu 22 dkoc8h,I6[7no I. dyf9tdeD !D 9q’j c8h,I6[]5j,oU.lxj nh,0Pomu,j u8kdk3iD ABC GH D I F E I6[ d I6[ 0 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D 9qj’]vdc[[I6[]5j,ouh.lxj nh,0PoD 60

II. .97;k,D dkoc8h,I6[7noc,jo dko]vdc[[F dkogdF c]t c8h,I6[gdqjk7no3fp.sh7n da[I6[gfu, lj;o0t\\kf0v’I6[vkf9tohvp]q’ s^n .spj0BoF0Boda[7;k,8hv’dkoD III. [qfg/udsafD !D 9q’j ]vdc[[I6[oU.ljg9hp8kdk3i c]h;mklu8k,.9F 9kdoAo .sh-vdsk0Ao8vo 0v’dkoc8h,D ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D grnjvc8h,I6[8k,c[[]5,j oU 8hv’c8h,I6[9t85]af ABCD dvj o 8+wx.sh0ufmvj o dqj’muj,ug,af.9dk’ D , A , B , C muj,u]aflt\\u DE = DC ; AF = AE ; BF = BG ; CG = CH 8k,]efa[ D G F AB D C H E 61

[qfmu 23 dkoxP[mP[9eo;oF dko0v[0Ao I. dyf9tdeD !D gsfdko8jk’M mujgduf0Bo.ow]ptzjko,k D xu !&** lhk’mkfs^;’ !_*_ !)_# 7qomevyf0Bof;’9ao /ia’j 1bf7v’]k; !_W! 0t[;odko8+l6h 0v’r+dtf;f !_(& lhk’8A’ lxx]k; !$_@ 7^yflt38[3d]q,gfuomk’ !_#W ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 0hk,,tsklt,5fvaf]a’8yd g]uj,,u3m]trk[ { 9qj’0Poxu0v’gsfdko8jk’MoU.l.j ocdo9eo;oD 2 000 1 400 1 500 1 600 1 700 1 800 1 900 1975 lhk’8A’ lxx]k; @D 9q’j 8nj,g7njv’\\kp > ; < .l[j jvo9Eg,af.sh4nd8hv’D 45 . . . 70 89 . . . 98 384 . . . 196 476 . . . 602 45 . . . 649 649 . . . 642 386 . . . 368 713 . . . 731 805 . . . 850 89 . . . 368 62

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II. .97;k,D gIqk-vdI6h0v[g0f c]t muj,k0v’0=h,6ofh;p dkovjkoF dko2a’F dkogsao c]t dkolezaf8q;9y’ grnjv.shI6h;jk 0=h,6owfh,k9kd.lS c,jo.zgxaoz6h.sh0=h,6oS 0=h,6o gxao3spfcdjz6h.f c]t .-hgrnjvxt3spfspa’ L III. [qfg/ydsafD 9qj’la’gdfxhkp]kpdkogfuo]qfg,c]h;8v[7e4k,]5j,oYD ]}f lkpmk’ g;]kvvd g;]kda[ !D 8ts^kfg-Qk { mjkgfnvj ( 3,’ #W okmu _ 3,’ #W okmu ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D 8ts^kfg-Qk { [hkogdyo ) 3,’ WW okmu !@ 3,’ WW okmu #D 8ts^kfg-Qk { mqj’xq’j !$ 3,’ WW okmu !& 3,’ WW okmu $D 8ts^kfg-Qk{ 0q;,yf8trk[ _ 3,’ #W okmu !W 3,’ #W okmu &D 8ts^kfg-Qk { 8kfmv’ ( 3,’ #W okmu _ 3,’ #W okmu *D 8ts^kfg-Qk { mjk’jvo !# 3,’ WW okmu !& 3,’ WW okmu !D xhkpwfh.sh0=h,6ovao.fcfj L @D ]qfg,8ts^kfg-Qk { mkj gfnjv vvdg;]k9ad3,’ L #D ]qfg, 8ts^kfg-Qk { [hkogduo da[g;]k9ad3,’ $D ]qfg, 8ts^kfg-Qk { 0q;,yf8trk[ vvdg;]k9ad3,’ &D ]qfg, 8ts^kfg-Qk { 8kfmv’da[g;]k9ad3,’ L 67

25[qfmu [aosk,u7e8v[fP;F ,us^kp7e8v[ s^n [+,u7e8v[ I. dyf9tdeD !D djvow0xuIPo mhk; 7efu -nh,uf8afF \\;dF dtgxqk c]t glNvmujIhko7hkD z6h0kp [vd;kj gxoa g’yoma’\\qf &W WWW du[ l;j o mhk; 7efu [vd;kj $* WWW du[D 4k,;kj .z7yfw]j4nd8hv’ L 10 000 k 18 000 k 12 000 k 6 000 kສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ @D mhk; ;yw] l6’d;jk ok’ o;olu !& cm c]t ok’ o;olu l6’d;jk ok’ cf’ !@ cm. 9qj’-vdsk];’l6’0v’c8]j t7qo D mhk; ;yw] ok’ o;olu ok’ cf’ #D l;o0v’ mhk; 7ecr’ ,u];’Iv[ #WW c,af ]k;9tvhv,IQ;3fp.-hs^ad-u,a’ mu/j a’skj ’dao !F&W c,af c]t .l]j ;f|k,\\kd9a[ $ Ik; XglAo?D 4k,;jk9t 8hv’dkos^adIQ;9ads^adF ];f|k,\\kd9a[9add=h L I6h;jk ! d=hpk; !&W c,afD 68

II. .97;k,D [qf39f.f|bj’9t,us^kp7e8v[ s^n ,u7e8v[fP; s^n [+,u7e8v[oAoc,oj 0Boda[ gonhv.o0v’[qf39foAoD III. [qfg/udsafD !D lvd|b’j /jk,n|bj’ oY;,n|bj’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ .oltw\\dvj o Xltw\\x6pkj 8kpkp ? gryjo.-hsq;\\j;p;afcmd];’pk;gxaolvdF /kj ,n c]t ohy;,nD lvd|y=’j wfh ( /kj ,nF /jk,n|b’j gmqk $ oyh;,nD 9qj’-vdsk;jk .olvd|bj’,u9adoyh; L @D ]fq 3fplko9kd;P’9oa skxkdg-7oa |’jb ,u $& [vj oo’ja D .ow]pt @ gfvn ozkj o,k oU]qf3fplko7aooUc]jo * 4hP; [k’4hP;,u7qo3fplkog8a,[vooaj’D [k’ 4hP;d=[+g8a,D 4k,;jk.o * 4hP;oAo ]qf7aofja’djk;oU9twfhIa[lqj’7qo3fplko 9ad7qo L #D oadIPoshv’ x$ 0v’3I’IPocsj’|bj’ ,uoadIPo #& 7qoD .o-qj;3,’IPo 769afgxao95]t # 7qo c]t 95]t $ 7qod=,uD 4k,;kj 9t9afgxao95 $ 7qo c]t 95]t # 7qowfh9ad95L $D ok’ 7ecs;o rtoad’ko0kpltc8,/kd9qf\\kp16jshv’dkowxltou wfh0kpltc8,.[ &W du[F .[ #W du[F .[ @W du[d=,u];,gxaog’yoma’\\qf !WWW du[D 4k,;kj ]k;wfh0kpltc8,.[ &W du[9ad.[ L .[ #W du[9ad.[ L .[ @W du[9ad.[ L 69

[qfmu 26 dko-a’j ,;olko I. dyf9tdeD !D 9qj’la’gdfg[y’j dko-a’j ,;olko0v’\\kd[koohvp c]t cdh;oEfnj, D 50g 50g 20g 20g 5g 20g20g 5g1g oEfnj, oEfn,j 200g 200g 50g 50g 20g 20g 5g ,;olko0v’\\kd[koohvp,ugmqkj .f L ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ ,;olko0v’cdh;oEfnj,,ugmqkj .f L @D ,u38ho-y’ F &WW g ! |j;pF @WW g @ |;j pF !WW g @ |j;pF &W g ! |;j pF @W g ! |j;pF !W g @ |j;pF & g ! |j;pF @ g @ |j;pF ! g ! |;j pD gryoj -a’j -huo\\6 #)W g 3fp.-h38ho-y’faj’oUG gmnvj mu ! S gryjo.-h38ho-y’9eo;o & |j;p gmnvj mu @ S gryoj .-h38ho-y’9eo;o $ |j;p gmnjvmu # S gryjo.-h38ho-y’9eo;o # |j;p 4k,;jk dko-a’j c8]j t7ah’oAogryoj .-h38ho-y’-toyf.fcfj L II. .97;k,D dko-a’j ,;olkoc,oj dko[vdg4y’oE|ad0v’lyj’0v’8jk’M gxao9eo;o3fp xP[mP[d[a s;q |;j p;fa cmd g-’jy opy ,q doa .-sh k^ pc,oj dik, Xg? c]t d3y ]dik, Xkg? 70

8k8t]k’sq;|j;p;afcmd,;olko dy3]dik, gIad38dik, gfdkdik, dik, gf-udik, -a’8udik, ,uo]udik, kg hg dag g dg cg mg 1 0 00 00 10 01 0, 0 01 0, 0 0, 1 1 kg = 1000 g 1 g = 0,001 kg 1 mg = 0,001 g 1 g = 1000 mg 1 dag = 10 g 1 dg = 0,1 g c8j]tsq;|j;pmuj16j4afdao|hvp c]t s^kpd;jkdao !W gmnjvD III. [qfg/udsafD !D 9qj’[vd,;olko0v’\\kdw,hc8]j t-toyf0hk’]j5,oUD 500g \\kdvb 1kgສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 500g \\kdsj5’ 20g 1kg 1kg \\kd]ewp 500g \\kd3, 500g 500g 10g @D 9q’j xPj osq;|j;p]5,j oU.shgxao g . 7 kg ; 50 dag ; 120 hg ; 20 dg ; 568 cg ; 5000 mg ; 93 dag ; 180 cg ; 2440 mg ; 37 kg . #D 9q’j xP[mP[,;olkoc8]j t76]j 5j,oU3fp.-hg7nvj ’\\kp > ; < ; = .lj[vj o9Eg,afD 15 hg . . . . . . . . 15g ; 850 dg . . . . . . . . 85 cg ; 830 kg . . . . . . . . 560 hg ; 3 g . . . . . . . . 3 dag ; 1 kg . . . . . . . . 1000 g ; 10 g . . . . . . . . 100 mg ; 10 g . . . . . . . . 10 hg ; 54 hg . . . . . . . . 540 g ; 370 mg . . . . . . . . 37 dg . 71

[qfmu 27 I6[c[[8jk’M.odkoltcf’dik2yd I. dyf9tdeD !D 9qj’la’gdfdkoltcf’dik2yd]5j,oYc]h;8v[7e4k,D 9eo;ooadIPo 3I’IPoxt4q,mqj’dk’ 3I’IPoxt4q,lu;yw] 60 50 42 52 45 0AoIPo 50 44 43 40 40 40 37 37 30 20 10 0 x! x@ x# x$ x& { shv’x@ oadIPo0v’3I’IPo.f s^kpd;jkL s^kpd;kj gmqjk.fL { 9eo;ooadIPoma’\\qf0v’c8]j t3I’IPo,ugmqjk.fL @D dik2yd]j5,oUltcf’g4y’9eo;ooadIPomujwfhIa[.[phv’p=.oxu @WW@ { @WW(ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 0v’3I’IPoxt4q,csj’|bj’D 10 9eo;ooadIPoD xu 8 2004 2005 2006 2007 6 4 2 0 2002 2003 { oadIPo9q’j [vd;kj c8j]txuoadIPowfh.[phv’p=9ad7qo L #D 9qj’la’gdfdkoltcf’0=h,6o9eo;ooadIPomudj yo\\kd dyo\\kddhP’ w,h-toyf8jk’M.oczoj ,qo]5j,oUc]h;8v[7e4k, dyo !$ 7qo { oadIPoma’\\qf,u9ad7qo L \\kddh;p dyo\\kd { oadIPolj;os^kpdyo\\kdw,h-toyf.f L ,u9eo;o9ad7qo L !$ 7qo sj5’l5d!@ { oadIPomudj yo\\kdw,hc8]j t-toyf,u9ad7qo L 72

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#D 9q’j 7yfw]cj ]h;8nj,.l8j k8t]k’D xu vkp50v’mhk;lk]u vkp05 v’mkh ;[o5 8k 7;k,]5f]noj dao 1979 6 9 ..... ..... 18 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 25 24 ..... 2000 ..... ..... ..... ..... 30 ..... ..... ..... { 9qj’oe.-h0=h,6o.o8k8t]k’0hk’gmy’grnjvc8h,dik2ydD vkp5 30 20 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ 10 1990 2000 2010 xu 6 1980 2020 $D oadIPoshv’ x$ 9eo;o & 7qowfhwxd;fl50trk[ c]t -a’j oE|adc8j]t7qo ,uoE|ad8jk’daofaj’oUG ok’ 7e |ad @& kg S ok’ ohvp |ad#W kg S ok’ cdh; |ad #& kg S mhk; dy |ad #@ c]t mhk; rvo |ad $W kg D 9q’j lhk’8k8t]k’ oE|ad0v’oadIPofa’j djk; c]t c8h,gxaodik2ydrhv,D 77

[qfmu 29 dkoltcf’8e]k9eo;o I. dyf9tdeD !D 9qj’la’gdfg[yj’0=h,6odkogduf0v’oadIPoc8]j txu c]h;c8h,.ldj ik2ydD xugduf !__* !__( !__) !___ @WWW ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ -noj adIPo oD lufk oD cf’ oD cl’o;o oD w,g1u oD 7es^hk oD cl’,tou oD vvj o,tou oD l5;ao oD cdh;8k oD s^hk oD ohvp oD f;’8k oD s^koohvp oD gra’ mD 8j5o mD ]u oD 7elvo oD c8’vjvo oD ;ao,tou mD graf mD [5olu mD fefu oD [5fltfu oD ]u,vo mD ,k,q; mD [5o,u mD 7e,u oD [a’vvo xugduf mD 85d mD r6mt;u mD lts;ao mD dy mD ]klu mD dq’8k mD r6gdaf mD 1q’gvu mD ]uxk; mD 7e,tou mD dq, 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 9eo;ooadIPo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 78

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