strategy-propoganda

matikaesckþIEføgGMNrKuN--------------------------------------------------------- vGarmÖkfa ------------------------------------------------------------------viTsSn³GñkniBnV ------------------------------------------------------------ vii CMBUkTI 1I.niymn½y ----------------------------------------------------------------1II.eKalbMNgeXasna --------------------------------------------------------1III. dMeNIrkareXasna --------------------------------------------------------3 1-viPaK»kas --------------------------------------------------------3 2-sikSaBt’man nigerobcMRbB½n§Bt’man --------------------------------------3 k-RsavRCavBt’man ----------------------------------------------3 x-viFIsaRsþRbmUlBt’man------------------------------------------ 4 K-tYnaTIrbs;Pñak;garBt’man---------------------------------------- 4 3-Pñak;garcarkmμ------------------------------------------------------ 5 k-Pñak;garBt’man-------------------------------------------------5 x-Pñak;gartamtMbn; -----------------------------------------------5 K-Pñak;garkñúgCYr--------------------------------------------------6 X-Pñak;garsÞÜn---------------------------------------------------6 g-Pñak;garsøab;---------------------------------------------------6 c-Pñak;garBiess -------------------------------------------------6 q-kmøaMgBiess --------------------------------------------------6 4-briyakasneya)ay -------------------------------------------------7 k-KNbkSneya)ay----------------------------------------------8 x-kat;eTasExμrRkhm ------------------------------------------- 10 K-CemøaHdIFøI--------------------------------------------------- 11 X-GMeBIBukrlYy -----------------------------------------------13 5-TMenar nigninñakarRbCaBlrdæ-------------------------------------------14 6-eKaledAvayluk ---------------------------------------------------14eroberog eday s FmμrgSI i rkSasiTi§

CMBUkTI 2 EpnkarI.kareFIVKMerag --------------------------------------------------------------16 1-kMNt;bBaða -------------------------------------------------------16 2-eRCIserIsRbFanbT ----------------------------------------------- 17 3-eRCIserIseKaledAeXasna ------------------------------------------ 17 4-yuT§saRsþeXasnaepSg² ---------------------------------------------18 k-bgðajeKalkarN_ nigGgÁkarneya)ay----------------------------- 18 x-TIkEnøgeXasna nig»kas -------------------------------------- 19 K-RbCaBlrdæ ------------------------------------------------- 19 X-eXasnik -------------------------------------------------- 20 g-rUbPaBxageRkA ---------------------------------------------- 21 c-tMélGgÁkarneya)ay ----------------------------------------- 21 q-skmμPaB BaküeBcn_ nigGtßn½yeXasna --------------------------- 22 C-skmμPaBCYyral;TukçlM)akRbCaBlrdæ ----------------------------- 22 Q-Tinñplkargar nig sñaédemdwknaM---------------------------------23 j-cMbBaðaRbCaBlrdæ --------------------------------------------23 d-RbtikmμPøam²------------------------------------------------ 24 5-kmμviFIRbtibtiþkar ---------------------------------------------------24 6-viPaKelIlT§pl xat b¤cMeNj -----------------------------------------24 7-RtYtBinitü --------------------------------------------------------25II. KUrbøg;yuT§saRsþeXasna ---------------------------------------------------25III.yuT§saRsþeXasnaCasaFarN³ ----------------------------------------------26IV. RKb;RKgbNþaj -------------------------------------------------------- 27 erobcMI.erobcMrcnasm<½n§-----------------------------------------------------------28 1-erobcMEbgEckmuxgar ------------------------------------------------28 2-erobcMtamPUmisaRsþ-------------------------------------------------28eroberog eday s FmμrgSI ii rkSasiTi§

3-erobcMkarEbgEck tamRbePTRbCaBlrdæ ---------------------------------28II. karerobcMbNþaj --------------------------------------------------------281-erobcMKMeragbNþaj -------------------------------------------------282-eKaledAbNþaj ---------------------------------------------------293-yuT§saRsþbNþaj --------------------------------------------------294-rcnasm<½n§bNþaj-------------------------------------------------- 305-TMhMbNþaj ------------------------------------------------------ 306-karTUTat;bNþaj -------------------------------------------------- 307-eRCIserIsembNþaj------------------------------------------------ 308-hVwkhat;embNþaj------------------------------------------------- 319-elIkTwkcitþembNþaj ----------------------------------------------- 3110-vaytMélbNþaj------------------------------------------------- 3111-begIánRbsiT§PaBbNþaj ------------------------------------------- 3112-karhVwkhat;PaBCaGñkeFIVbNþaj ------------------------------------- 3213-ÉkeTscrcar--------------------------------------------------- 3214-CMnajkarbegáItTMnak;TMng ------------------------------------------ 33 Gnuvtþn_I.TTYlsÁal; nig kMNt;bBaða -------------------------------------------------- 34II.vaytMélkMritGgÁkarneya)ay ---------------------------------------------- 34III.Gnvutþn_viFIsaRsþeXasna-------------------------------------------------- 341-citþsaRsTUeTA---------------------------------------------------- 342-sRgÁamcitþsaRsþ -------------------------------------------------- 353-sRgÁamneya)ay ------------------------------------------------- 354-menaKmn_viC¢aneya)ay ----------------------------------------------42k-menaKmn_kumúμynisþyYn ---------------------------------------- 43x-sasnaRBHBuT§Ca]bkrN_neya)ay ------------------------------- 44K-carnarIs¥at Tak;esþc sI hnu eFVICaExl ----------------------------- 45X-eCOKμanehtuplKμankarBit ------------------------------------- 47g-yYn h‘un Esn RtYtRtasarBt’man--------------------------------- 47c-BuT§TMnay rgcaMGñkmanbuNü------------------------------------- 48eroberog eday s FmμrgSI iii rkSasiTi§

q-snþiPaB nig RbCaFibetyü-------------------------------------- 48 C-kuMeGayExrμ erIseGIgBUCsasn_ ------------------------------------ 48 Q-min)at;bg;TwkdIExμrsBVéf¶ -------------------------------------- 49 j-bMPitbMP½y KMram smøab; --------------------------------------- 50 d-ExμrRkIRk rehmrham ------------------------------------------ 51 z-dwgKuN 7 mkra---------------------------------------------- 51 D-Qb;eGayExμrKitKUrerOgCati------------------------------------- 52 5-yuT§saRsþneya)ayQñH----------------------------------------------52IV.vaytémølT§plGnuvtþn_ ---------------------------------------------------52 RtYtBinitüI.RtYtBinitüEpnkarRbcaMqñaM --------------------------------------------------- 53II.RtYtBinitüplRbeyaCn_---------------------------------------------------- 53III.RtYtBinitüRbsiT§PaB ----------------------------------------------------- 53IV.RtYtBinitüyuT§saRsþeXasna ------------------------------------------------54v. RtYtBinitüEpñkeXasna ----------------------------------------------------54VI-karsniñdñan -------------------------------------------------------------56Éksareyag --------------------------------------------------------------57eroberog eday s FmμrgSI iv rkSasiTi§

esckIþEføgGMNrKuN (Acknowledgment)Cabzm´sUmelIkhtßfVaybgÁMRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇ nigsUmeKarBEføgGMNrKuNy:agRCaleRCAcMeBaH elak«Buk Gñkmþay nigCatiExμr CaGñkmanKuNd¾elIslub Edl)anpþl;CIvit pþl;kMeNItkUnxitxMciBa©wmbI)ac;EfrkSakUn nigeGay´ekItCaExμr. CaBiess ´RBHkruNasUmGrRBHKuNcMeBaH RBHetCKuNRKb;RBHGgÁ Edl)anxitxMCYysMrYlkñúgkic©karenH. sUmeKarBEføgGMNrKuNelakRKU GñkRKU saRsþacarüTaMgGs; Edl)anpþl;cMeNHdwgdl;´nigkulbuRt kulFItaExμrRKb;rUb. sUmEføgGMNrKuN Gs;elak elakRsI Edl)anCYy]btßmÖKaMRT. esovePAenHcgRkgeLIgedIm,I]TÞisdl;GñkdwknaM GñkesñhaCati nigGñkCatiExrμ niym EdlsuxcitþlHbg; kMlaMgkay citþ rhUtdl;bUCaCIvit edIm,IbuBVehtukarBarCatimatuPUmiExμrRKb;CMnan; eGay)anKg;vgSrhUtmkdl;bc©úb,nñenH nigsUm]TÞwsdl;CnrYmQamExrμ Edlsøab;edayGyutþiFm’CabnþbnÞab; edaysarkumμúynisþyYn nigCnpþac;karbMerIplRbeyaCn_yYn h‘un Esn. esovePAenH ´xitxMcgRkgeLIgkñúgeKalbMNgrYmcMENk edIm,IbNþúHbegIánsmtßPaB cMeNHdwgbTBiesaFn_ dl;smaCikCatiExμr RbCaCatiExμr eGaymankaryl;dwgbEnßmGMBI yuT§saRsþeXasnaEdlCabTBiesaFn_ nigkarRsaRCavesovePAepSg²mYycMnYneTot KYbpSMnigKMnitpÞal;rbs;GñkniBn§edIm,IEckcaydl;CnrYmQamExμr GñkesñhaCatiExμr. esovePAenHGacCYybgðajpøÚv dl;Gñkesñha-CatiExμr kUnExμrTaMgGs; ha‘negIbeLIg karBarCatixøÜn eGayrYcputBIRkjaMu GaNaniKmn_kumμúynisþ-yYnEbbfμI sBVéf¶.´sgÇwmfa esovePAenHnwgCYybMPøWdl; RBHetCKuN sisS nisiSt CMnan;eRkay nigGs;elakelakRsI EdlmanQamC½rCaExrμ sMrab;xitxMRbwgERbgCYyrMedaHsgÁmCatiExμr RbCaBlrdæExμr kMBugEtdegðayehA. ´yl;fa tamry³esovePAenH GacCaKMnittictYcsþÜcesþIg minTan;)anRKb;RCugeRCayenAeLIyeT EtGacykeTAsikSabEnßmedIm,IeGaysIuCMerA edIm,ICaCMnYydl;esñhaCatiExμr k¾dUcCaCatiExμrBIeRBaHfa kareronminecHcb;eLIy KWeronrhUtdl;bBa©b;CIvitenAelIelakenH. ´rIkraynigTTYlyknUvkarriHKn; Eklm¥ RKb;Ebbya:g GMBIelakGñkGan. CacugbBa©b;enH ´sgÇwmfa Gs;elakGñkGan BitCanigTTYl)annUvKMnityuT§saRsþeXasnaedIm,IykeTAGnuvtþeGaymanRbsiT§PaBsMrab; seRgÁaH rMedaH karBar Cati sasna RbCaCatiExμrnaeBlbc©úb,nñenH. eFIVenATIRkugva:sIunetan éf¶TI08 ExsIha qñaM2008 s FmμrgSIeroberog eday s FmμrgSI v rkSasiTi§

GarmÖkfa esovePAyuT§saRsþeXasna EdlGs;elakGñkkMBugGanenAkñúgédenH KWCakUnesovePAtUcmYysMrab;bMPøWpøÚvdl;Gs;elakGñk nigkulbuRtkulFItaExμr eGay)anyl;dwgbEnßm GMBIviFIeXasnaedIm,ICYyRCMuERCg kñúgkargarrMedaHRbeTsCatimatuPUmiExμr eGayrYcBIEpnkaryYnkumμúynisþ ¬\NÐÜcin¦EdlkMBugEtRtYtRta TaMgExμreRkam nigRbeTsExμrnaeBlbc©úb,nñ. ExμrRKb;rUbmanEtkarQWcab; BImYyCMnan; eTAmYyCMnan; EtkarQWcab;enH enAEtKrelIKMnrTukçRbCaBlrdæExμrdEdl. edayRbCaBlrdæExμrmindwgriHrkviFImYyNa eFIVya:gdUcemþc edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða EdlkMBugEtekItmaneLIgenHeGaycb;nigrYcputBIekñobrbs;kumμúynisþyYn rhUtExμrTTYl)ansuxekSmkSanþeLIy. ExμreyIgmanEtkmøaMgcitþEtxVHkmøaMgR)aCJa tamyuT§saRsþelak s‘un s‘U ebIeyIgcg;ykQñHsRtUv eyIgRtUvykQñHxagyuT§saRsþ. ehtudUecñHehIy GñkniBn§xitxMcgRkgesovePAenHeLIgTukCak,Ünxñat KWkñúgeKal-bMNgrYmcMENkpSBVpSaydl;kulbuRtkulFItaExμr GñkesñhaCatiExμr BIRKb;mCÄdæan eGay)anyl;dwgxøH² GMBIrebobeXasna edIm,IcUlrYmcMENk rMedaHRbeTsCatieyIg eGaymanÉkraCüPaBsnþiPaB siTi§esrIPaBeBjelj ]tþmPaB rugerOg kñúgnamCaExμr minRBmsøab;dUcBs; rs;dUckEgábdUcsBVéf¶enHeLIy. kUnExμrTaMgGs;RtUvdwgfa vasnaGnaKtCatiExμr KWsißtenAelIkNþab;édrbs;Gs;elakGñk EdlmanesovePAenHGankñúgédehIy. ebIelakGñk)anyl;ehIy eXIjehIy sUmrYmcMENk lHbg; KaMRT minfatic b¤eRcIn tamlT§PaB enaHCatieyIgnigrs;esμImuxCatisasn_déTminRBmsißtenAeRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;breTs dUcyYnRtYtRtaExμrsBVéf¶ tamry³ h‘un Esn eRbICakUnGuk nigykeQμaHesþc sIhnu CarnaMg eGayExμreyIgs¶b;citþ yl;xusfa RbeTsExμrmansuxsniþPaBvaeFIVeGayExμremIleXIj manLan luy vILa CaerOgGs©arü EtKYreGayGaNitGasUrQamExμreBkéRkEdlenAEthUr enAEtRkIRk nigKYreGaysEgVkdl;QamExμrEdl)ansøab; enAelIsmrPUmi nigGñksøab;kñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyüknøgmk. CnrgeRKaHExμrsBVéf¶ rs;enArgTukçevTna KμanGñkrkyutþiFm’KμanGñkykcitþTukdak; EtpÞúyeTAvij yYnsuxcitþbUCaCivit nigeFIVGIVRKb;ya:g edIm,IeKaledAFMbMputrbs;vaKWykTwkdIExμr eRBaHTwkdIExμrsMxan;Cagvtßú nigsmÖar³TaMgGs;enaH KWBYkvaeRbIneya)ayRtCak;mkdeNþImykplRbeyaCn_BIExrμ nigRtYtRtakñúgRksYgsMxan;dUcCa b:UlIs Tahan RksYgkarbreTsehIyyYnbegIát smaKmn_19 extþRkug edIm,IbBa¢ÚnCnCatiyYnbnþicmþg² mktaMgTIlMenA elITwkdIExrμTIbMputExrμ køayCa CnCatiPaKticrbs;yYn dUcman cam nig ExμreRkam Ca]TahrN_Rsab;.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI vi rkSasiTi§

TsSn³GñkniBn§ edayemIleXIj PaBmhnþrayeRKaHfñak;sMrab;RbeTsCati nigRbCaCatiExrμ eRBaHyYnmanmhicätaelbykplRbeyaCn_BIExμr nigRtYtRtaelITwkdIExμrbc©úb,nñ tamry³kareRbIneya)ayRtCak; edIm,IsMerceKaledAenH. kñúgnamCakUnExμr EdlmanQamC½rCaExrμ mUyrUb minTuk»kasbeNþayeGaybreTs mkCan;QøI Cati sasna nigRbCaCatiExμr rhUtdl;)at;bg;GFibetyüPaBbUrNPaBTwkdI ÉkraCüTaMgRsug dUcRbeTscm,a: nigExμreRkamenaHeLIy. eyIgCaExμrTaMgGs;KñaFøab;manGriyFm’rugerOgnasm½yGgÁr buBVbursExμr )anlHbg;QamRss; sac;Rss; edIm,IkulbuRtkulFItaExμrCMnan;eRkay rs;enAmanesckþIsuxsuPmgÁl EtebIeyIgTaMgGs;Kña CakUnecAExrμ CMnan;enH eXIjehIy dwgehIy B¤ehIy GMBIeRKaHfñak;RbeTsCatixøÜnEbbenH Etminh‘anlHbg; minh‘anniyayminh‘aneFIV eRBaHxøacsøab; etIvamanRbeyaCn_GIV EdlTukeGayCatiTaMgmUlsøab;?. eyIgCaExμrmñak;²RtUvEtCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHCatixøÜnenACMnan;eyIgenH eyIgminsuxcitþbeNþayeGayRbvtþisaRsþtμiHtiHedolfamnusSkMsakeLIy. dUecñH eyIgRtUvnaMKñaPJak;rB¤keLIg eRkakeLIg rYbrYmsamKÁIKñaeLIgedIm,IkarBar Cati sasna RbCaCatiExμr TwkdIExμr kMueGay)at;bg;Cadac;xat karBarplRbeyaCn_CatiExμreFIVya:gNaeGayExμrmansiTi§esrIPaB ]tþmPaB esIμmuxRbeTsnana kñúgtMbn; nigsklelak.eyIgTaMgGs;KñasUmsc©aya:gmwugma:t;fa minbeNþayeGayTwkdIExμr)at;bg; dUcTwkdIExrμ eRkamCadac;xat. eyIgminRtUvbeNþayeGayRbeTsExμrFøak;kñúgkarRtYtRtarbs;yYndUc sBVéf¶enHeLIy. ebIsinCaRbeTseyIgFøak;kñúgédyYndUcsBVéf¶ EteyIgminPJak;xøÜn b¤QWcab;enaHeT rs;edIm,IEtRkBH tamyuT§saRsþrbs;yYn nig h‘un Esn CaGñkerobenaH kUnecAExμrCMnan;eRkaynigrgTukçevTnaKμanTIbBa©b;eLIy ehIyRbvtþisaRsþExμr nigkøayeTACaRbvtþisaRsþ\NÐÚcin kñúgGMLúgeBl 50 qñaMeTot. niyayeGaycM \LÚvenHTwkminTan;dl;RcmuHeT eyIgRtUvEtnaMKñasÞúHsÞareLIg kMucaMrhUtdl;TwkcUlRcmuHehIyeTIbeyIgnaMKñaPJak;eLIg eBlenaH CatiExμreyIghYseBleTAehIy. GIVEdlGñkniBn§xitxM bgðajnUvviFIsaRsþTaMgGs;enH minTan;RKb;RCugeRCayenAeLIyeT ehIyk¾minGacQaneTAdl;eKaledAeCaKC½ysMrab;CatiExμr)anEdr ebIsinCaKμankarcUlrYmBIRbCaBlrdæExμrTaMgmUl CaBiess Gs;elakGμñkEdlesñhaCatiExμrBit² BIRKb;mCÄdæan EdlkMBugGanesovePAenHenAkñúgéd. RbeTsmYycMnYnEdlrwgbwugeTA)an luHRtaEtkardwknaMmanCMhrÉkraCü minBwg nigsißtenAeRkamKMnabbreTs ehIyemdwknaMRtUvmanKMnitesñhaCatimYyd¾rwgbwug dUcCaRbeTs shrdæGaemric )araMgGg;eKøs rYsSI Cb:un kUer:xagt,Úg éf nig mYycMnYnenAshKmn_GWrubCaedIm. eRkayBIsRgÁamelakelIkTIeroberog eday s FmμrgSI vii rkSasiTi§

2 sni§sBaØaGnþrCatisIþBIBaNiC¢kmμesrI minGnuBaØateGaybNþaRbeTs enAGWr:ubmYycMnYn eRbIneya)aydak;GaNaniKmn_eLIy. RbeTsmYycMnYn )anTamTaÉkraCüCabnþbnÞab; ehIyFøak;cUlmkCasRgÁamRtCak;rvag kumμúynisþnigesrI eBlenaHRbeTsExμrsißtenAeRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;yYn kumúμynisþTaMgRsugnacenøaHqñaM ¬1979-1991¦. cuHehtuGIV\LÚvenH eyIgbeNþayeGayBYkkumμúynisþyYnRtYtRtaExμreTot. yYneRbIExμrbMerIkumμúynisþenaH CarnaMgbiT)aMg RbCaBlrdæExμr eFIVmenaKmn_elIExμrsøÚtRtg;eGaylg;eCOkare)akR)as;rbs;va eFIVeGayCatiExμrTTYlrgeRKaHedaysar BYkkumμúynisþenH mþgehIymþgeTot. ´mankaresaksþayCaxøaMg eBlEdleXIjemdwknaMExμr mYycMnYn dUcCa sI hnu nig h‘un EsnEdlbMerIneya)ayeGayBYkkumμúynisþ suxcitþeGayRbCaraRsþxøÜnsøab;rab;lannak; nigrgTukçevTnaKμaneBlElð edaysarEtkardwknaMeFIVtamExSjak;rbs;breTs EdlKaμ ncMeNjGIVdl;ExμrbnþicesaHeLIy EfmTaMgcMGkeGayExμr fakarsøab;enHCaerOgneya)ayrbs;«eTAvij. ´sgÇwmfa Gs;elakEdlmanKMnitesñhaCati matuRbeTsTaMgLay minbeNþayeGayQamExμrenAEthUrdUcsBVéf¶ minTukeGayRbCaBlrdæExμrenAEtyM edayeyIgsMgMyksux elIKMnrTukçrbs;CatixøÜnenaHeLIy. ´sUmbYgsYgdl;vtßúsaksiTi§TaMgLaykñúgEdndIExrμ Biess buBVbursExμrGñkesñhaCatiExμrRKb;CMnan; Edl)anEfrkSaTwkdIExμr cUlmksn§itkñúgdYgRBlwgkUnExμrCMnan;enH edIm,ICYyEfrkSakarBarCatiExμr eGayrYcputBIkarkarCiHCan;RtYtRtarbs;yYn rbbkumμúynisþ h‘un EsnPaBRkIRk GMeBIBukrlYy nigGyutþiFm’epSg². CaTIbBa©b;enH ´sUmGMBavnav dl;GñkesñhaCatiExμrTaMgGs; EdlmanTwkcitþcUlrYm kñúgkic©karrMedaHCatiExrμ enH emtþaCYyftcMlgEckcay nigpSBVpSaydl;smaCikCatiExμrt²Kñapg edIm,ICYyBRgwgcMeNHdwgdl;smaCikTaMgGs;eGaykan;EtTUlMTUlay.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI viii rkSasiTi§

CMBUkTI 1 RBH)aTC½yvrμ½nTI 7 tMNagmhavirkStesñhaCatiExμreroberog eday s FmμrgSI ix rkSasiTi§

I-niymn½y (Definition) kareXasna KWCadMeNIrkarbeB©ajnUveKalneya)ay nigTsSn³epSg²rbs;GgÁkarneya)ayCatiExμr eTAdl;RbCaBlrdæedIm,IeGaymankarKaMRT nigcUlrYmkñúgGgÁkarneya)ayeyIg. GgÁkarneya)ayeyIgenH KWminEmneFIVsMrab;plRbeyaCn_buKÁl b¤bkSNamYyeT KWeFIVeLIgedIm,IplRbeyaCn_ Catisasna nigRbCaCatiExrμ Bit². kareXasnaenH CaktþasMxan;Nas;sMrab;GgÁkarneya)ayeyIg edIm,ITak;TajGñkKaMRT Tak;TajRbCaBlrdæExμrBIRKb;RsTab;kñúgsgÁmeGaycUlrYmCaGtibrmatam eKalkarN_neya)ay rhUt)ansMerceCaKC½ytamckçúvis½yrbs;GgÁkardwknaMneya)ay Edl)ankMNt;. eKalkarN_neya)ayrbs;eyIgRtUvpøas;bþÚr emdwknaM RbB½n§RKb;RKg EdlmanGMeBIBukrlYyEkERbRbCaBlrdæRkIRk nigPaBGyutþiFm’ eTACaCatimYyEdléføfñÚr s¥atsM¥ yutþiFm’ esμImux man]tþmPaBdUcRbeTsnanaelIBiPBelak. neya)aydwknaM BIrbbkumμúynisþeRkamyYnRtYtRta eTACarbbRbCaFibetyü manÉkraCüBitR)akd minsßitenAkareRkamkarRtYtRta b¤BwgBak;yYn. enAkñúgsgÁmRbCaFibetyüRbCaBlrdæCam©as;énGMNac ehtudUcenH RbCaBlrdæmansiTi§esrIPaBkñúgkar Kit niyay beBa©jmtiepSg² nigeFIVkarsMerccitþkñúgkareRCIserIstMNagrbs;xøÜn edIm,IbMerIplRbeyaCn_Cati nigRbCaBl-rdæTUeTA dUcEdlxøÜncg;)an.II-eKalbMNgeXasna (Goal of Propaganda) eXasniknImYy²RtUvmaneKalbMNg nigeKaledArbs;xøÜneGayc,as;las; enAeBlEdlxøÜncab;epþImeFVIkareXasna. eyIgCaeXasnikRtUvdwgfa eyIgmanParkic© nigtYnaTIeFIVGIVxøH?. eKaledArbs;eyIg RKb;TIkEnøg nigRKb;eBlevla RtUveFIVkareXasnadl;RbCaBlrdæExμr RKb;mCÄdæan eGayPJak;rlwkRsLaj;CatixøÜn RsLaj;RbCaBlrdæExrμ GaNitGasUrcg;CYyCatiExμr nigeGayemIleXIjGMBIeRKaHmhnþrayrbs;RbeTsCati. eyIgRtUveFIVya:gNaeGaymankarKaMRTkan;EteRcInCaGtibrma dl;GgÁkarneya)ayrbs;eyIg. eyIgeFIVya:gNaeGayRbCaBlrdæExμr yl;dwgkarBit GMBIRbvtþisaRsþExμrbBaðananaEdlekItkMBugekIteLIgnaeBlbc©úb,nñ dUcCa GMeBIBukrlYy GyutþiFm’ nigPaBRkIRkCaedIm.eyIgRtUvnaMmuxkñúgkarKitKUrsiTi§esrIPaBExμrplRbeyaCn_CatiExμr CaplRbeyaCn_rbs;eyIg TaMgGs;KñaminEmnCaplRbeyaCn_rbs;buKÁlNamñak;eLIy. dUecñH eyIgTaMgGs;KñaEdlmanQam C½rCaExμrdUcKñaeyIgminRtUvGl;EGksÞak;esÞIr nigq¶l;ehtuGIV)anEtRkIRk KitEtRkBH b¤Gatμaniym. ehtuGIVeyIgsikSaeronsURtcb; eKmineGaytMél Kμankargar pþl;R)ak;ExminRKb;RKan; enHbNþalmkBIemdwknaMnigneya)aydwknaMKaμ nÉkraCü eRkamkarRtYtRtayYn. ehtuenH edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða eyIgRtUvnaMKñaedaHRsayb£sKl;énbBaða eyIgminGacedaHRsayEt cugbBaðafacb;eLIy. eyIgCaExμrRtUvrYmcMENktaMgcitþmutmaM yl;dwgRKb;Ebbya:gGMBIneya)ay EdlCakic©karFM CaplRbeyaCn_Cati CaGayuCIviteroberog eday s FmμrgSI 1 rkSasiTi§

RbCaBlrdæExμrTaMgGs; eyIgTaMgGs;KñaQb;KaMRTKNbkSRbCaCn h‘un Esn. emdwknaMneya)ayKWCaGñkkac;cgáÚtRbeTsCati eGayrIkcMerIn b¤Gnþray rwgbwug b¤Tn;exSay RbCaBlrdæman b¤Rk søab;b¤rs; . eyIgRtUvbgðajRbCaBlrdæExμrfa plRbeyaCn_TaMgLay GayuCivitrbs;BYkKat;mñak;²KWGaRs½yelIemdwknaMneya)ay BIeRBaHneya)ayenHGaceGayKat; sux b¤lM)akevTna. GaRs½yehtuenH eyIgminRtUvTukcitþEtelImnusSmñak;dwknaMenaHeT KWeyIgTaMgGs;KñaenHehIy manParkic©karBarplRbeyaCn_Catirbs;eyIgdayxøÜnÉg TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHCatieyIg eFIVya:gNaeGayRbCaBlrdæExμrcab;GarmμN_ nigykcitþTukdak;yl;dwgGMBIerOgneya)ayenH. eyIgrs;enAkñúgsgÁmmYy minGaceKcecjeGayputBIneya)ay)aneT eTaHCaxitxMeKcrt;eTANa k¾minGacecosputBIneya)ay)aneLIy.mnusSmñak;enAkñúgsgÁmRKYsar RKYsarmñak;kñúgsgÁmmnusS sgÁmmnusSenAkñúgsgÁmCatimYy dUcenHebImnusSminKitBIneya)ay ¬plRbeyaCn_¦ mann½yfa plRbeyaCn_sgÁmCatiTaMgmUl nigRtUv)at;bg;ehIyplRbeyaCn_buKÁlRtUvEt)at;bg;tamenaHEdr. eyIgeRbobeFobneya)ayCati eTAnigBagTwkmYyebIBagTwkenaHmanTwkeBj eyIgGacykEkv eTaHtUcb¤FM eTAdgyk)aneBjEdr EtBagenaHKμanTwkeBjeT eTaHCaeyIgykEkvFMeTAdg k¾minGac)aneBjEdr. ya:gNamij plRbeyaCn_buKÁlk¾ya:gdUecñHEdr kalNaplRbeyaCn_CatiTaMgmUl)at;bg;ehIy plRbeyaCn_buKÁlk_)at;bg;Edr.CatiExμrekItecjBI BlrdæExμr TwkdIExμr rdæÉkraCü nigrdæaPi)alenHÉg. kalNaRbCaBlrdæcUlrUmKaMRTGMBIneya)ayehIy kardwknaMRbeTsmankarrIkcMerIn eRBaHmankarcUlrYmKaMRTBIRbCaBlrdæ. eyIgeFIVya:gNaeGayRbCaBlrdæExμr ykcitþTukdak;GMBIplRbeyaCn_CatiExμrCaFM Qb;KitplRbeyaCn_buKÁl. Cak;Esþg sm½yGgÁrEdlExμrrIkcMerInrugerOgkøayCaGaNacRkExμr eRBaHkalenaH emdwknaMExμr RbCaBlrdæExμrCaGñkesñhaCati nigmanÉkPaBCatiya:gxøaMg. cMENkÉRbeTsCb:un eBlEdlxøÜncaj;sRgÁamelakelIkTI2 edaysarKMnitesñhaCatiCb:unGaceFIVeGayRbeTsrIkcMerInenAkñúgtMbn;GasIu. cMENkRbeTsdéTeTot dUcCa shrdæGaemrikGg;eKøs )araMg cin kUer: nigyYn CaedIm BYkeKsuT§EtKitplRbeyaCn_CatieKFMCagplRbeyaCn_buKÁlEdlxusBIemdwknaMExμrbc©úb,nñ dUc sI hnu nig h‘un Esn KitEtlYcCatimkdak;buKÁl elaμ Pmuxmat;GMNac buNüs½ká. eyIgCaExμrminRtUvRbkan;bkSBYkNamYyeLIy eyIgeFIVkic©karedIm,ICatiExrμ TaMgmUldUecñH eyIgRtUveFIVya:gNa eGayRbCaBlrdæExμrRKb;ninñakarneya)ay nigGñkesñhaCatiBitR)akdcUlrYmKaMRTeKalneya)ayrbs;eyIg. eyIgCaGñkeXasna RtUvTajcMeNjBIRKb;sßankarN_ EdleyIgGacemIleXIj. eKaledAcugeRkayrbs;eyIg KW CatiExμrTaMgmUl CaGñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_ eCaKC½yelIKUrRbkYtRbECgrbs;eyIg.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 2 rkSasiTi§

III-dMeNIrkareXasna (Process of Propaganda) 1-viPaK»kas (Opportunity Analyze) karviPaK»kasenH mansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;eXasnik . eyIgCaeXasnikRtUvtamdansßankarN_ nigRbmUlBt’man BIKUrRbkYtRbECgrbs;xøÜn BIRKb;sßankarN_ nigBIRKb;mCÄdæan edIm,IykmkviPaK riHrkcMNucexSay (Weakness) nigcMNucxøaMgrbs;sRtUv (Strength) TajcMeNjBI»kas(Opportunity) nig karKMramKMEhgrbs;sRtUv .(Threats) ebIeyIgsikSadwgGMBIcMNucexSayrbs;sRtUvc,as;las;ehIy eyIgRtUvvaylukEtRtg;cMNucexSayrbs;sRtUv luHRtaEtsRtUvTTYlbraC½y. ebeI yIgsikSadwgcMNucxøaMgrbs;sRtUv eyIgRtUvbMEbkcMNucxøaMgrbs;vaeGayexSay eTIbeyIgeFIVkarvayluk Rtg;cMNucexSayenaHCaeRkay. dUcCacMNucexSayrbs;KNbkSRbCaCn KWvaeFIVneya)ay edIm,IbMerIplRbeyaCn_eGayyYn nigplRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;emdwknaMGviC¢amYycMnYn minEmnedIm,IplRbeyaCn_Exμr nigRbCaBlrdæExμreLIy. yYnmYycMnYnRtYtRtaExμrman huk LgDI b‘un sm cay saMgyun sux Gan sux Kg; nigCaeRcInnak;eTotenAkñúgCYb:UlIs nigTahan BYkvaeronPasaExμr niyayPasaExμr ecHPasaExμr CagCnCatiExμreTAeTot. bkSBYk h‘un Esn )anGnuBaØateGayniKmyYncUlmkrs;enAelITwkdIExμr KRKwkKeRKgeRscEtcitþ deNþImplRbeyaCn_Exμr deNþImkargarExμr deNþImdIRbCaBlrdæExμrEdlRkIRk eFIVeGayExμrQWcab;rgTukçevTna\tElð. Rkum h‘un Esn )ankat;TwkdIExμreGayyYntamsini§sBaØa mitþPaB sniþPaBnigshRbtibtþikarnaqñaM 1979 1980 1981 1983 1985 ¬ekaHRtl; nig dIExμr tamRBMuEdnnigEdnsmuRTExμrmYycMnYneTot¦. eRkaml,icklrbs;yYn EdleRbI h‘un Esn RbeTsExμr enAEtmanGMeBIBukrlYy GyutþiFm’kñúgsgÁm niTnþPaB ¬QamExμrenAEthUr dUcCa Ca viC¢a Bisidæ BlIkar eCaeCadæriT§ »m ra:t;saDI CnrgeRKaHkñúgKNbkSsmrgSIknøgmk nigCnrgeRKaHepSgeTot dUcCaTUcRsInic eBA bBaØaeBRC BYkGaCJaFrpþac;kar h‘un Esn minEdlcab;XatkrmkpþnÞaeTas)aneLIyEtBYkvacab;CnsøÚtRtg; GñkTn;exSay CnrgeRKaHmkdak;eTas CMnYsvij dUcCa b‘n sMNag nig suxsMeGOn CaedIm¦. 2-sikSaBt’man nigerobcMRbB½n§Bt’man (Information Research and Information System) k-RsavRCavBt’man (Information Research) eyIgCaeXasnik RtUvecHsikSaRsavRCavBt’manedayxøÜnÉg eFIVya:gNaedIm,IeGayxøÜneyIgsÁal; yl;dwgRKb;sßankarN_ enAkñúgRbeTs nigenAelIBiPBelak CaBiess Bt’manEpnkarsm¶at;rbs;KUrRbkYtRbECgeyIg. karsikSaBt’manCaktþamYysMxan;Nas; edIm,IeGayeyIgsÁal; dwgGMBItMrUvkarRbCaBlrdæ bBaðaBitR)akdrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigninñakarneya)ayrbs;RbCaBlrdæ . karsikSaeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 3 rkSasiTi§

Bt’maneFIVeLIgkñúgeKalbMNgRbmUlnUvBt’mansMxan;²Tak;TgeTAnwgRbCaBlrdæ briyakasneya)aycMnYnKNbkSneya)ay RBwtþikarN_ KUrRbkYtRbECg mtisarFarN³ sgÁmsIuvil mtiRbCaBlrdæ b¤mtisaFarN³. eyIgRtUvEbgEckTMenarrbs;RbCaBlrdæeGayc,as;las; faetItMbn;NaRbCaBlrdæmanTMenareTArkKNbkSRbCaCn tMbn;NaTMenareTAKNbkSRbqaMg. eyIgGacEbkEckTMenarneya)ayCabIEpñkFM KW raCaniym ¬KNbkS hVinú siunbiuc nigKNbkSneratþmrNriTi§¦ kumμúynisþ ¬KNbkSRbCaCn nig KNbkScMerInniym KNbkSRbCaFibetyü EdlyYnbegIát¦ RbCaFibetyü nigesrI¬KNbkSsmrgSúI nig KNbkSsiTi§mnusS nigmYycMnYneTot¦ . dUecñH eyIgRtUvmantaragRsavRCavGMBITMenarRbCaBlrdæenH eGay)anc,as;las;. RbCaBlrdæGacEbgEcktam TItaMgPUmisaRsþ ¬extþRkug Rsuk XMu PUmi¦ cMnYn RbCaBlrdæ ¬eRcIn mFüm tic¦ tamRbePTGaCIB¬ kmμkr RKUbeRgon m:UtUDubBaNiC¢kr Tahan b:UlIs¦ kMritCIvPaB man b¤Rk. x-viFIsaRsþRbmUlBt’man (Gathering Information Method) eyIgGacRbmUlykBt’manTaMgenH)an tamry³RbB½n§sarBt’man ¬karEst viTüú TUrTsSn_GIuntaENt TUrs½BÞ TUrsar GIuEm:l esovePA xitb½NÑ PaBynþ ExSGat;¦ b¤ tamry³karsÞabsÞg;mtinigÉksarepSg² edaykarGegát b¤eyIgsmÖaspÞal;mat; CamYyRbCaBlrdætameKaledAEdl eyIgcg;)anBt’man. edIm,ITTYl)anBt’manEdlGacTukcitþ)an eyIgRtUvbegIátPñak;garBt’manEdlmanbriyaylMGitxageRkam. ¬sUmsikSalMGit GMBIsRgÁamBt’man¦ Bt’manEdlTTYl)anmuneBleFIVRbtibtþikar¬sRgÁam¦ minGacCaBt’manEdleyIgykeFIVEpnkar)aneT BIeRBaH eBlEdleyIgcab;epþImeFIVenaHBt’manEtgEtmankarERbRbYl ehtuenH emdwknaMRtUvmankarRbemIlemIl b¤ TsSn_Tay b¤RtUvmankarRsemIlRsm½yelIsßankarN_fμImYyeGayRtwmRtUv. K-tYnaTIrbs;Pñak;garBt’man (Roles of Intelligence) RtUvmancMeNHviC¢a cMeNHxagbec©kviTüa nigÉkraCü lT§PaBkñúgkarRbmUlBt’man BRgIkTMnak;TMng begIántYnaTIkñúgmtisaFarN³ TTYlyknUvPñak;garmYycMnYn lT§PaBxag ¬bec©kviTüa nig citþviTüa¦eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 4 rkSasiTi§

3-Pñak;garcarkmμ (Espionage) k-Pñak;garBt’man (Information Intelligences) karerobcMbNþajBt’manenH mansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;RbmUlBt’mansm¶at;eepSg²EdlKUrRbkYtRbECglak;)aMg CaBiess Epnkarsm¶at;EdleyIgminGacdwg)an. GñkEdlxøaMg KWCaGñkEdleFIVeGayPñMGacrMkil)an minEmnGñkEdlelkI sk;mYysésenaHeLIy EPñkEdlPøW KWCaEPñkEdlemIleXIjkñúgTIggwt minEmnemIleXIjRBHGaTitü nigRBHc½nÞeLIy rIÉRtecokEdlBUEk KWRtecokGacsþab;B¤GIVEdleKminniyay minEmnsþab;B¤rnÞH b¤pÁreLIy. Parkic©bNþajBt’manenH KWRtUvsikSaeGaydwgc,as; GMBIBt’manrbs;KUrRbkYtRbECgrbs;xøÜn dUcCa kmøaMg smøar³ esdækic© yuT§saRsþ sμartITItaMg cMNucexSay nigcMNucxøaMgrbs;KUrRbkYtRbECg. embNþajnImYy²RtUverobcMeGay)anRKb; 24extþRkug cab;BIextþrhUtdl; Rsuk XMu PUmi nigRKb;Epñkrbs;RbCaBlrdæ ¬RbCaBlrdæFmμta m:UtUDub kmμkryuvCn RKUbeRgon b:UlIs Tahan TaMgRbus TaMgRsIþ¦. ebIeyIgRbmUlBt’man)anTUTaMgRbeTsenHKWmann½yfa eyIgGacmanC½yCMnH)an 50PaKry BIeRBaHkarerobcMeXasna vaGaRs½yeTAelI Bt’manEdlTTYlmkTan;eBlevla ehIyCaBt’manBitR)akd eTIbeyIgGaceFIVEpnkar)an. bNþajBt’manRtUvcgRkg RbmUlBt’manykmksikSaeGayyl;c,as;. eyIgRtUvecHGMBIviFIykBt’man nigcMra:j;Bt’man nigeRCIserIsykBt’manEdlmanplcMeNj edIm,IraykarN_Bt’man EdlmanRbeyaCn_sMrab;GgÁkarneya)ayeyIg. x-Pñak;gartamtMbn; (Local Intelligences) Pñak;garenH KWCasmaCikenAkñúgtMbn;EdleyIgeRCIserIsecjBItMbn;enaH dUcCaeRCIserIsecjBIextþ Rkug Rsuk XMu PUmi enaH. Par³kic©smaCik RtUveFIVRbtibtþikarenAkñúgtMbn;rbs;xøÜnenaHdEdl.eyIgRtUveFIVya:gNa elIkTwkcitþ bBa©úHbBa©Úl Tak;Taj RbCaBlrdæ eGayecHRsLaj;CatiExμr karBarplRbeyaCn_CatiExμr bnÞab;mkeTIbeyIgeRCIserIsBYkKat; eGaycUlmkCasmaCikkñúgGgÁkarneya)ayeyIg. eBlEdleFIVCasmaCikehIy eyIgRtUveFIVtameKalkarN_rbs;eyIg TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkic©karParHkic© Edl)anRbKl;CUn dUcCa pþl;Bt’man kic©kareXasna nigkic©karCYyCatiepSg²eTot. karerobcMbNþaj Bt’manenAkñúgtMbn;enaH edIm,ICYyeGayeyIgeFIVkarkan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB dUcCaesIubBt’mansMgat; nigEpnkarsm¶at;epSg²rbs;xμaMg. ]TahrN_ kalEdlyYnbegIátbkSkumμúynisþ yYn)anbegIáteGaymanbNþajkumúμynisþtamRbeTsenA \NÐÚcin man lav nigExμr edIm,IeGaybMerIEpnkarneya)aykumúμynisþrbs;va. yYn)ancab;Exμr eTAbMBak;bMb:nmenaKmn_kumμúynisþ enARbeTsyYn ehIyeKehABYkenHfa ExμreyokmijExμrkumμuúynisþ dUcCa h‘un Esn ehg sMrin Ca sIum CaedIm.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 5 rkSasiTi§

K-Pñak;garkñúgCYr (Inside Agents) Pñak;garkñúgCYr CaPñak;garEdleyIgeRCIserIsecjBIKNbkSRbCaCn b¤Pñak;garEdleyIgeRCIserIsecjBIKUrRbkYtRbECgrbs;eyIg edIm,IeGayBYkeKlYcpþl;Bt’mansm¶at; nigeFIVkareGayeyIg . Pñak;garenH eKeFIVkarenAkñúgKNbkSRbCaCnEmn EtCaGñkesñhaCati nigCaGñkRbqaMgkumúμynisþyYn h‘un Esn eRBaHBYkeKKμanCMerIs b:uEnþ eyIgminRtUveGayBYkeKdwgkic©karrbs;eyIgeRcIneLIy. Pñak;garTaMgGs;RtUvlak;)aMgmineGaymnusSTI 3 dwgCadac;xat. X-Pñak;garsÞÜn (Double Agent) Pñak;garsÞÜnenH KWCaPñak;garEdlbMerIneya)ayKUrRbkYtRbECgeyIgpg CaPñak;garbMerIneya)ayGgÁkarneya)ayeyIgpg. ehtudUecñHehIy enAeBlEdleyIgCYbnwgPñak;garsÞÜnenH KWcaM)ac;RtUvecHbMP½nþBt’man mineGayeKdwgc,as; nigykBt’manBIeyIg b:uEnþ eyIgRtUvTTYlykBt’manBIPñak;garenH. RtUvcaMfa Pñak;garEbbenH eRcInEtCamnusSEdlmanlkçN³elaPln;luykak; nigsmÖar³ muxmat; edayminEmnCaGñkesñhaCatiBitR)akdeT CamnusSEdlKitEtplRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜn.eKnigesμaHcMeBaH PaKINaEdlykcitþTukdak; nig)anplRbeyaCn_eRcInCag. g-Pñak;garsøab; (Dead agents) Pñak;garenH KWCaPñak;garsMrab;bMP½nþsRtUvb¤bMP½nþBt’man edIm,IeGaysRtUvykBt’manminBiteTApþl;eGayxagPaKIrbs;eK b¤k¾sMrab;beBaäatsRtUveGaycUlGnÞak;rbs;eyIg. c-Pñak;garBiess (Special Intelligences) Pñak;garenH KWCaGñknaMBt’manmkeGayeyIgvij nigeFIVkarya:gskmμbMputeGayeyIg.Pñak;garBiessenH KWCamnusSBiess EdlmanninñakardUcKña nigqnÞ³dUcKña EdleyIgTukcitþCageKeRkayBIeFIVkarsakl,g nigeFIVkic©karsMxan;epSg²sMerceCaKC½y tamEpnkarrbs;neya)ayeyIg.smaCikRbePTenH KWCamnusSEdlesñhaCati esμaHRtg; R)akdRbCa TTYlxusRtUv køahan muHmutniglHbg;x<s;bMput. q-kgkmøaMgBiess (Special Forces) kgkmøaMgBiessenH KWCakmøaMgGnþraKmRKb;sßankarN_EdlekIteLIg. KWCakmøaMgEdlmutRsYc muHmut nigmansmtßPaBRKb;ya:gelIskmøaMgepSgeTot. kgkmøaMgBiessenH CamnusSEdlmansmtßPaBxagkgT½B neya)ay nigyuT§saRsþepSg² EdlmanCMhrrwgbwug nigesñhaCatimutRsYcmingaker køahanmuHmut niglHbg;x<s;bMput.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 6 rkSasiTi§

4-briyakasneya)ay (Political Environment) eyIgCaeXasnikRtUvEtRKb;RKgsßankarN_eGay)an yl;dwgTaMgGs;GMBIRBwtþkarneya)ayEdlkMBugekIteLIgenAkñúgRbeTsExμr b¤eRkARbeTs CaBiess dMeNIrvivDÆn_neya)ayenAkñúgRbeTsExμr.bc©úb,nñenH ebIeyIgemIlRbeTsExμrBIsMbkeRkA eyIgeXIjKNbkSRbCaCn EdlmanyYn enABIeRkayxñg BYkvakan;GMNackumμúynisþpþac;kar EtvayksMbkRbCaFibetyümkBak;pøak bnøMRbCaBlrdæExμr.tamkarBitdMeNIrkarneya)ay nigRbB½n§RKb;RKgTaMgGs;EbbCakumúμynisþ EdlsßiteRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;yYn. tamkardkRsg;ecjBIvibsay yUFUb (Youtube) h‘un Esn niyaysarPaBpÞal;fa´niyayRtg;Etmþg KWfa´Gay:gyYn \LÚvmanTahanyYn CasIuvil 100 000 nak; enAkñúgRbeTsExμr.karEdlyYnerobyuT§saRsþeGaymanRBHmhakSRt KNbkSRbCaCn h‘un Esn nig sasnaRBHBuT§enHRKan;EtktþacitþsaRsþneya)aymYy sMrab;eFIVCaKMrbbiT)aMgExμr edIm,IeGayExrμ Gs;citþfa GIV²TaMgGs;Carbs;Exμr ExμrÉkraCü ExμrmansnþiPaB k¾b:uEnþ plRbeyaCn_CatiExμr TwkdIExμrTaMgmUlnwgRtUvFøak;elIkNþab;yYn CatiExμrnwgsøab; eRbobdUcCadgáÚvdYgvacUlsIurUg dl;bNþÚleQI ehIyTIbMputeQIenaHRtUvsøab;ÉgEtmþg. yYncUlmkRbeTsExμr rs;enAeRscEtcitþ deNþImplRbeyaCn_Exμr RtYtRtaExμreFIVevecäTkmμepSg² kab;smøab;Exμr edaybnøMeFIVCaExrμ manGtþ sBaØaNb½NÑCaExμr nigmansiTi§e)aHeqñat.RbCaBlrdæExrμ BitR)akd RkIRk rehmrham sMuTaneK ehIyxitxMeFIVkarCa´bMerIeK CakmμkrsMNg;epSg²TTYlR)ak;ExtictYcmin)anRKb;RKan;xøHeTotrt;mksMuTaneK xøHeFIVCakmkμ renAeRkARbeTseTotpg.RbeTsExμrsißteRkamGaNaniKmn_kumμúynisyYn Edlman KNbkSRbCaCn h‘un Esn nig esþc CarnaMgbiT)aMgeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 7 rkSasiTi§

k-KNbkSneya)ay (Political Parties) KNbkSRbCaCn KWCaKNbkSEdlyYnCaGñkbegIáteLIg manry³eBl 57 qñaMehIy dMbUgyYn)andak;eQμaH bkSbdivtþRbCaCnExμr enAqñaM1951 b¤sKl;rbs;vaekItecjBIbkSkumμúynisþ\NÐÚcinEdlyYn hU CImij )anbegIátenAéf¶TI3 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1930 enATIRkug hug kug. ehtudUcecñHKNbkSRbCaCn CaGñkbMerI nigeFIVCaGay:g Gnuvtþtamneya)ayrbs;yYn. BYk h‘un EsnbMerIplRbeyaCn_eGayyYn edIm,IGMNaclYcCati lk;CatiÉgEtb:ueNÑaH. BYk h‘un Esn Ca sIum nigehg sMrin enHCamnusSrbs;yYnEdl)anelIkbnþúbeGaykan;GMNackalBITsvtS 1980 eBlEdlyYncUlmkQøanBanTwkdIExμrenAkñúgsRgÁam\NÐÚcinelIkTI3 ¬GMLúgeBlsRgÁamRtCak;¦. ebIsinCa h‘unEsn mineFIVtamneya)ayyYn vasnarbs;BYkenH nwgdUc can; sIu ¬cak;fñaMsmøab;elI ynþehaH¦Eb:n suvNÑ ¬yYncab;eTAdak;Kuk enAhaNUy¦ Caminxan. ehtudUecñHehIy )anCayYnbegIátCaeKalkarN_neya)ay mitþPaB snþiPaB nigshRbtibtiþkar rvagyYn nigExμr edIm,IbMP½nþRbCaBlrdæExμrfayYnCaGñkmanKuNelIExμr. EttamBit ExμrenAeRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;yYn. yYneRbIl,icsmøab;TaMgExμreRkam TaMgExμrsBVéf¶ ExμrminmanÉkraCü ExμrKμansiTi§esrIPaBeBjelj Exμr)at;bg;plRbeyaCn_CaeRcIn dUcCa kat;TwkdIeGayyYn cuHhtßelxasn§isBaØabMeBjbEnßmCamYyyYn enAéf¶TI 15 Extula qñaM2005 elIsTi§sBaØaxusc,ab; qñaM 1979 1980 1983 1985. ExμrKμansiTi§kñúgkarniyaysþIeBjeljGMBIRbeTsCati RtUvyYneRbI h‘un Esn KMram smøab;tamRKb;meFüa)ay TaMgesdækic©sμartI nigGayuCIvit. CnCatiyYn cUlmkrs;enAkñúgTwkdIExμrKRKwkKeRKg begáItsmaKm 19 extþRkugbegIátKNbkSneya)ay ¬KNbkScMerInExμr KNbkS RbCaFibetyü¦CaedIm. yYn)aneRbIBYkyYnEdlecHExμr b¤eRbIExμrxøHeGayTijdI deNþImdIedayRsbc,ab; BIRbCaBlrdæExμr eRkamelsfavinieyaK nig GPivDÆn_. kar)at;bg;dIFøIenH )aneFIVeGayb:HBal;dl; CIvPaBRbCaBlrdæExμrya:gxøaMgBIeRBaHfa RbCaBlrdæExμrsgwÇmelITwkePøog nigmandIERscMkarbnþicbnþÜc EdlCaqñaMg)ay edIm,IciBa©wmRkBH. eBlEdleKrMelaPKMram deNþImdIFIørbs;Kat;ehIy etIRbCaBlrdæExμr )anGIVsMrab;ciBa©wmCivitcMEGtRkBH edIm,Irs;teTAeTot. dUecñH BYkCnkumμúynisþ vaBUEkxagPUtPrkuhk bMP½nþEPñk eGayRbCa-BlrdæExrμ yl;RcLMvegVgNas;. eRBaHvasmøab;GñkecHGs;ehIy GñkEdlenArs;CaGñkEdlmin)ansikSaeronsURteRCARCH ehIyRtUvlg;kñúgmenaKmn_rbs;yYn EdlvaerobcMmk. vaeFIVGIVRKb;ya:gtameKalkarN_neya)ayrbs;yYn c,ab;eFIVeLIgedIm,IkarBarGMNac nigplRbeyaCn_GñkmanGMNacminEmnkarBarplRbeyaCn_CatiExμreT. c,ab;manEtelIRkdas EtvaminGnuvtþtameLIy niyayeGaycMebIGñkesñhaCatiExμrNaEdlh‘anRbqaMgneya)ayyYn BYkvaRtUvbBa¢aeGaykUnGukva KW h‘un Esntamcab; bRgáab smøab;Pøam ]TarhrN_dUcCa Ca viC¢a RBHetCKuN sM b‘uneFOn GñkkarEstExμreroberog eday s FmμrgSI 8 rkSasiTi§

RBHsgÇExμreRkam smaCikKNbkSsmrgSI nigsmaCikKNbkSkwmsuxa edayKμanrkXatkreXIjeTrhUtmkdl;bc©úb,nñ. EtebIyYnsøab;enAelITwkdiExrμ vij h‘un Esn nigbkSBYkERskEkþg² tamRbdab;bMBgsemøg xVayxVl;xøaMgNas; eGayrkXatkr mkpþnÞaeTaseGay)an. cMENkKNbkSneya)ayepSg² EdlCaGñkesñhaCati nigGñkRbCaFibetyü yYnvabBa¢aeGayh‘un Esn rkvIFIsmøab;epSg² tamrebobPavrkmμ bMEbkbM)ak;ExμrexÞcxIÞ. h‘un Esn elμaPGMNac nigRTBüsm,tiþ lg;menaKmn_kumúμynisþyYn ePøcKitGMBICatiExμr nigQamExμrdUcKña eFIVtamyYneRbIl,icdUcsm½y b:ul Bt Edlva)ansmøab;Exμrrab;lannak;knøgmk. vaeFIVya:genH KWeFIVeGayExμreyIgTn;exSayRKb;Ebbya:g taMgBIesdækic© R)aCJa nigsμartI ¬Xøan exøA xøac¦ edIm,IgayRsYlyYnRtYtRta deNþImplRbeyaCn_Exμr ehIyTIbMput yYnelbykTwkdIExμrTaMgmUledayviFIRtCak;bMput. yYnRKan;EtelIkbnþúbBYkelμaPGMNac buNüs½ká muxmat;smÖar³ BYklYcCati edIm,IplRbeyaCn_xøÜn eGayeFIVCaKMrbbiT)aMgCatiExμr RbCaCatiExμr nigGnþrCatiEtb:ueNÑaH. dUecñHKμannNaGacCYyExμreRkABIExμrCYyExμrxøÜnÉgeLIy. KNbkSRbqaMgTaMgGs; RtUv)anKNbkSRbCaCn h‘un Esn eRbIl,ickumμúynisþbMEbkCaKNbkStUc² EdlminGacykC½yCMnHelIKNbkSrbs;va)aneLIy eRBaHKNbkSRbCaCnmankgT½BTahanyYn nigRbCaCnyYnsMrab;CYy. KNbkSRbCaCnmaneRbobxagesdækic© xageXasna edaysarBYkvalk;Cati niglYcBICatiExμrCaeRcInqñaMmkehIy. RbB½n§Bt’mansißtenAeRkamGMNac nigkarRKb;RKgrbs;BYkva Bt’manminÉkraCü Bt’maneFIVtamneya)ayrbs;BYkkumμúynisþ. BYkeK)anbiT)aMgRbCaBlrdæExμrmineGaydwgkarBit biTsiTi§esrIPaBRbCaBlrdæExμrmineGaytva:CaedIm. dUecñHebIeyIgviPaKelIKNbkSdéTeTot minGacykQñHelIKNbkSRbCaCn EdlbMerIneya)ayeGayyYneT Etvak¾Gacbg¥ak;dMeNIrneya)ayyYn nigCYyeGayExμrPJak;rlwkmYycMnYnEdr. ebIsinCaKNbkSNamYyQñHeqñateRkABIbkSRbCaCn k¾yYnbBa¢aeGay h‘un Esn eFIVvT§gSnaedaymankarGnþraKmn_CMnYyBI esþc sIhnu b¤rdæRbhar dUckalBI h‘un Esn caj;eqñatkalBIqñaM 1993 ehIyvaeFIVrdæRbharsmøab;GñkesñhaCatiExμr enAéf¶TI5-6 Exkkáda qñaM1997 bnþeTottamEpnkaryYn. ehutenH KNbkSneya)ayepSg²eTotenaH begáIteLIgRKan;EtsMrab;cMeNjneya)ayyYn nig h‘un Esn eGayRbCa-BlrdæExrμ emIleXIjfa CaRbeTsÉkraCü manRbCaFibetyü snþiPaB Etb:ueNÑaH. b:uEnþebIeyIgCaGñkesñhaCatiExμrBitR)akdrYbrYmKñaCaFøúgmYy eTIbeyIgGacQñHyYnkumμúynisþ. eRbobdUcTwkhUrrYmBIédTenøepSg² cUlsmuRTEdlKμanGIVmkraraMg)aneLIy. ebIKNbkSNa b¤GñkesñhaCatiExμrNacg;eFIVneya)ayenARbeTsExμr RtUveFIVitamKMnUsneya)ayrbs;KNbkSRbCaCn eRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;yYnEdlvas;kMriteGayniyay eGayGnuvtþ. eRBaHyYnmanEpnkar tamyuT§saRsþminGacTukeGayKNbkSNaykC½yCMnHelIva)aneLIy. eyIgemIleXIjya:gc,as;fa RbeTsExμrsBVéf¶ CaRbeTseroberog eday s FmμrgSI 9 rkSasiTi§

kumμúynisþ sißtenAeRkamGaNaniKmn_yYnEbbfμI. dUecñHehIy vasnaGnaKtCatiExμr nwgdUccm,a: nigkm<úCaeRkamminxaneLIy ebIeyIgmints‘UerIbMrH.RbFanbkS smrgSI RbFanbkS siTi§mnusS RbFanbkS neratþmrNriTi§ KNbkS RbCaCnkm<úCa x-kat;eTasExrμ Rkhm (Khmer Rough Tribunal) salakþIExμrRkhmenH begIáteLIgRKan;EtCaEl,gneya)ayrbs;BYkkumμúynisþ Edlman h‘unEsn KNbkSRbCaCnCakUnGuk ehIylak;)aMgkMhus sI hnu TukeFIVCarnaMg sMrab;eKaledAcugeRkayrbs;yYn Edlcg;elbykTwkdIExμrb:ueNÑaH. varwtEteFIVeGayExμrkan;EtvegVgeRCAeTA minGacrkXatkrBitR)akdeXIjeTotpg. EteyIgCaCnrgeRKaHExμrRKb;Kñadwgc,as;fa XatkrBitR)akd KWBYkkumúμynisþyYn ¬\NÐÚcin¦ Edl)anerobcM nigbMBak;bMb:nlTi§enHeLIgeGayExμr ¬Rkhm¦ eFIVeGayRbCaBlrdæExrμ søab;rab;lannak; TaMgExμreRkam nigExμrbc©úb,nñ ehIyyYnbBa¢ÚnBlrdæxøÜnmkCMnYs eFIVCaExμrfμIelITwkdIExμrvij. sI hnu nig h‘un Esn CaCnkumμúynisþbMerIneya)ayeGaykumμúynisþ edIm,IGMNac nigplRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnÉgnigbkSBYkEtb:ueNÑaH EtCnkumμúynisþTaMgenH min)anbMerIpl-RbeyaCn_eGayCatiExμr nigRbCaBlrdæExμreT. ehtudUecñH kMusgÇwmfa salakþIExμrRkhm nigTTYl)anyutþiFm’BitR)akd eRBaHfa salakþIenHedIrkñúgKMnabneya)ayrbs;KNbkSRbCaCn EdlmanyYnCaemekøag. yYnvamincg;rkyutþiFm’eGayCnrgeRKaHExμrBitR)akdeT. b:uEnþ salakþIenHCayuT§saRsþneya)ayrbs;BYkkumμúynisþyYn CaGñkcMeNjb:ueNÑaH ¬ 1-ExμrenAEtEbk)ak;Kña QWcab;nigExμr ¬Rkhm¦ b:ul Bt 2-dwgKuN 7 mkra yYn h‘un Esn 3-RbCaBlrdæExμr enAEtmindwgkarBitfanrNaCaXatkrBitR)akd 4-ebIk»kaseGayyYnkumμúynisþRtYtRtaExμrbnþ ¦. salakþIenHekIteLIgehIy EtGUsbnøayBnüaeBl vaRKan;EtCafñaMbnSabeFIVeGayRbCaBlrdæExμr EdlCaCnrgeRKaHGs;citþTaMgGyutþiFm’b:ueNaÑ H eRBaHkarBitenAEtmin)anlatRtdageGayRbCaBlrdæExrμ dwgc,as;eLIy fanrNaCaXatkrsmøab;Exrμ mann½yfa kaMbitminGaccitdgxøÜnÉgeLIy. éf¶ 17 emsa 1975 KWBYkkumμúynisþ EdlyYnelIkGMNaceGayExμr ¬Rkhm¦ dUcKñanig éf¶ 7mkra 1979 EdlBYkkumμúynisþyYnQøanBan elIkbnþúbGMNacExμr h‘un Esn Ca sIum nig ehgeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 10 rkSasiTi§

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edayykeQμaHRkumh‘un Caelsfa vinieyaK nigGPivDÆn_. bBaðaTaMgGs;enH BYkRtYtRta h‘un EsnminRBmedaHRsayeT TIbMput TwkdIExμrTaMgenHnwgkøayeTACakmμsiTi§yYn cMENkExμrmanEtsm,kRbeTseQμaHfa km<úCa Etb:ueNÑaH. yYnmincaM)ac;eFIVsRgÁambgðÚrQamdeNþImykdIExμrdUckalmun²eToteLIyenHehIyeKehAfa neya)ayRtCak;. tamRTwsþI s‘un s‘U GñkEdlBUEkxagyuT§saRsþ KWminEmnGñkEdlc,aMgQñH sRtUvrab;rysmrPUminenaHeT EtKWCaGñkQñHsRtUvedaymincaM)ac;RbyuT§ b¤QñHsRtUvedayKμanQamhUrmYydMNk; b¤QñHsRtUvedayminxUcxatsmÖar³GIVbnþicesaHeLIy.edIm,IeGayRbCaBlrdæExμrlk;dIeGayyYn yYn)aneRbIyYnEdlecHExμr b¤ExμrEdlbMerIva ykluyduløamkTijdI dMeLIgdIeGayéfø eFIVeGayGñkmanGMNacrwbGUsdIksikrRkIRk ykeTAlk;eGayBYkvaebIeTaHCamincg;lk; k¾BYkvaeRbIl,icepSg² edIm,ITij dUcCaKMrameGaylk; ebIminGBa©wgeT varwbGUsykTeT². tamyuT§saRsþkumμúynisþyYn vakat;pþac;es,og kat;pþac;hirBaØvtßú luy nigkat;pþac; smÖar³BIsRtUv ¬Exμr¦ edIm,IeGayExμrexSay. ebIRbCaBlrdæExμr minlk;dIeGayBYkva Kat;xøac)at;bg;TeTehtudUcenH Kat;lk;TaMgsþayTaMgcitþexøacpSar eRBaHdIenHehIyCaqñaMg)ayrbs;Kat;. yYneRbIl,iceRkamrUbPaBepSg²eTot eFIVeGayExμrFujRTan; edaybgábBaðaepSg²dUcCa eKTijdIEdlh‘MuB½T§CMuvijdIrbs;Kat;ehIy eTIbeKbgçMeGayKat;lk; ebIminlk; Kat;KμanpøÚvcUleTAdIKat; beBaäateGaypþitemédfaGeBa©HGBa©úH rYcehIyBYkeK)anels eqøIyTMlak;kMhusfa RbCaBlrdæCaGñklk;dIeGayvavijb¤vabgáreGaymanCemøaHerOgra:vCaedIm. ExμrRtUvpøas;ecjBItMbn;sMxan;² dUcCa tMbn;esdækic© BaNiC¢kmμneya)ay eTAkEnøgEdldac;Rsyal kab;éRBrs;enAtamTICnbTCaedIm b¤ BYkvaecaT KMram tamcab;tamsmøab;eGayrt;ecalRbeTsCatiCaedIm. RbCaBlrdæExμrEdlmancMnYn 85 PaKry Caksikrkan;EtRkIRkya:b;yWun ERskehArkGñkCYyrkyutþiFm’ EtBYk h‘un Esn minedaHRsayCUnExμreLIy.Cak;Esþg RbCaBlrdæExμrTaMgekgμ cas; )anedIrtaMgBIextþ)at;dMbgmkpÞH h‘un Esn enAtaexAμextþkNþal edIm,IeGayCYy EtTIbMputRtUvGgÁrkS h‘un Esn vayeFIV)abEbkk,al cMENkÉ h‘unEsnvij EbeTAkarBarBYkQμÜjvinieyaKyYnvij edayniyayfa kMuniyayerOgdIFøI BIeRBaHxøacb:HBal;erOgCati.karEdldIeLIgéfømkBImankMeNInRbCaBlrdæ bu:EnþtamBitkMeNInenaH vaminEmnCakMeNIncMnYnRbCaBlrdæExμreT KWkMeNInCnCatiyYn EdlvacUlmkenAkñúgtMbn;sMxan;² dUcCaesdækic© bwgTenøsabPñMeBj RkugRBHsIhnu kMBg;cam mat;TenøemKgÁ esomrab e)a:yEb:t EdlCaebHdUgExμr. BYkvaeronPasaExμreGayecH vapøas;bþÚrBIkEnøgmYyeTAkEnøgepSgeTot eFIVCaGñkcMNUlExμrfμIedayExμreyIgRsukERscMkarmin)anyl;dwgBIbBaðaenHeLIy. cMENkRbeTsExμrmanRbCaBlrdæticRsab; vaeRbIneya)aypSBVpSayeGayRbCaBlrdæExμr eyIgBnüakMeNIteTAvij. enHehIyCa neya)ayyYnnUbniykmμenAelITwkdIExrμ .eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 12 rkSasiTi§

X-GMeBIBukrlYy (Corruption) GMeBIBukrlYyCaCm¶WmYyya:gsahav EdlkMBugratt,atkñuúgsgÁmExμrbc©úb,nñ eRBaHCnpþac;karkBa¢HbreTs h‘un Esn elμaPGMNacbMerIplRbeyaCn_yYn KμanqnÞ³edaHRsaybM)at;GMeBIBukrlYyeGayGs;kñgsgÁm ExμrTal;EtesaH. Cnpþac;kar h‘un Esn KμanectnaedaHRsaybBaðaEdlkMBugRbQmmuxcMeBaHsgÁmExμreT EfmTaMgbegIátbBaðaeGaykan;EteRcIneTotdUcCa kardeNIþmdIFIøRbCaBlrdæRkIRk ectnaeFIVdUcenH KWeKmanbMNgeGayRbCaCatiExrμ kan;EtRk nigexSayeTA² gayRsYl h‘un Esnbnþkan;GMNac bMpøajCati lak;)aMgkMuhusemdwknaMmYycMnYn EdleFIVxuscMeBaHCatiExμrknøgmk CaBiessh‘un Esn manectnarkSakarBarrbbkumμunisþeRkam\Ti§BlyYneGaysißtesßrenAelIRbeTskm<úCa CaGmt³. GMeBIBukrlYyenHCab£sKl; eFIVeGayRbCaBlrdæExμrsißtenAkñúgPaBRkIRk ehIyGñkRkkan;EtRkeTA² CaBiess GñkRsukERscMkarkan;EtmanCIvPaBRkIRk KμanlT§PaBeronsURteRCARCH mansμartITn;exSayeTA² KitEterOgCIvPaB lg;eCOkare)akR)as;rbs;BYkpþac;kar h‘un Esn Edl)annwgkMBugbMpøajplRbeyaCn_Cati dUcCYyBRgwgGMNaceGayCnpþac;karEfmeTotb:ueNÑaH. GMeBIBukrlYyCaTunmYysMrab;BRgwgGMNacbkSBYk h‘un Esn eGaykan;EtruwgmaM nigmanCIvPaBFUrFar EtRbCaBlrdæExμrkan;EtRkIRkeTA )ak;s,atminGacegbI eLIgRbqaMgtTl;nigkareKobsgát;rbs;BYkmanGMNac EdlykkardwknaMtamrebobkumμúynisþ eRkamGaNaniKmyYn. GMeBIBukrlYyeFIVeGay)at;bg;fvikaCati kñúgmYyéf¶rhUteTAdl; 1 lan duløa ehIyebIKitkñúgmYyqñaMCamFümRtUv)at;bg;cMnYn 250landuløa eTA300landuløa. etIluyGs;TaMgenaHCarbs;nrNa?luyTaMgenaHCarbs;CatiExrμ minEmnCarbs;bkSBYk h‘un Esn enaHeT etIeKmanR)ak;Exb:unμan ?)anman Lan vILa nig RsIyYn cMENkmRnIþraCkar elakRKU GñkRKU kmμkr EdlminEmnbkSBYk h‘unEsn R)ak;ExtictYc minRKb;RKan; ehIykan;RkIRkeTAvij. rdæaPi)alpþac;kar h‘un Esn TTYl)anCMnYy nigxI©breTsrab;landuløakñúgmYyqñaM² etIluyTaMgenaHBYk h‘un Esn ykeTANa? luyTaMgGs;enaHCaluyrbs;CatiExμr b¤Carbs; h‘un EsnEtmñak;Ég )anCanaMKñalYcykRTBüsm,tþiCati ykeTAdak;enAFanaKareRkARbeTs rab;landuløa EtTukçevTnaRtUvFøak;elIRbCaBlrdæExμrTUeTA CaGñksgvij. dUecñH RbCaBlrdæExμrRtUvCMBak;bMNulbreTsy:agehacNas; 1500 duløakñúgmñak;. bBaðaTaMgGs;enH KWCaKMnitd¾exμARkxVk;rbs;Cnpþac;kar h‘un Esn bMerIyYn manectnaeFIVeGayCatiExμr Rk nig exSay edIm,IbnþGMNacpþac;karbMpøajCati nigbMerIplRbeyaCn_eGayyYnEtb:ueNÑaH.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 13 rkSasiTi§

5-TMenar nigninñakarRbCaBlrdæ (Emotion and Trend of People) cMNucRtg;enHmansar³sMxan;Nas; BIeRBaHfa GgÁkarneya)ayeyIg tameKalkarN_ KWeyIgeFIVGIVepþatelIplRbeyaCn_ Cati sasna RbCaCatiExμr. eyIgRtUvEtsikSaeGaydwgc,as;GMBI\riybfTMenar ninñakarRbCaBlrdæ edIm,IgayRsYleyIgecjeKalneya)ay b¤eXasnamanRbsiT§PaB.eyIgRtUvdwgGMBIcMnYnRbCaBlrdæ Rbus RsI Gayu krM itsikSaGb;rM kMritCIvPaB muxrbr TMenomTMlab;RbéBNICaedIm. TMenarneya)ayRbqaMgrdæaPi)al b¤KaMRTrdæaPi)al. cMeBaHGñkEdl)an plRbeyaCn_BIrdæaPi)alEtgEtKaMRTBYkRtYtRta h‘un Esn . cMeBaHRbCaBlrdæExμr eBlbc©úb,nñenH eyIgRtUveXasnaEpñkcitþsaRsþmuneKbg¥s;. RbCaBlrdæExμr RsLaj;cUlcitþcMeBaHbuKÁlNa Edlman suCIvFm’ sIlFm’sÁal;cas;TMu nigx<s;Tab. dUcenH eyIgCaeXasnikRtUvmansuvCIvFm’ sIlFm’ eGanlMeTan eKarBeGaytMél cMeBaHRbCaBlrdæExμreGay)anx<s;bMput eFIVya:gNaeGayRbCaBlrdæExμr eCOkCak; nigTukcitþ.eRBaHeyIgCakIþsgÇwm sMrab;GayuCivit Cati sasna nigRbCaCatiExrμ cugeRkayehIy. 6-eKaledAvayluk (offensive target) eKaledAEdleyIgRtUvvayluk KWeyIgRtUveRbIRKb;meFüa)ay eXasnavaylukeTAelIkumμúynisþEdlmanyYnkumúμynisþkMBugRtYtRtaExμr tamry³kareRbICnkumμúynisþpþac;kar h‘un Esn nigmanesþcsIhnu CaExlrnaMgbiT)aMgRbCaBlrdæExμr. dUecñH eyIgRtUvEsVgrkcMNucexSay cMNucmanGTiPaBbMputvaylukeTAelIeKaledATaMgenaH. eyIgminRtUvvaylukelIGñkesñhaCati GñkRbCaFietyüdUcKñaeT dUcCaKNbkSsmrgSI nigKNbkSsiTi§mnusSCaedIm. GñkTaMgenH eyIgRtUvelIkTwkcitþCanic©. b:uEnþ cMeBaHGñkesñhaCati Edlmanninñakarneya)ayxagraCaniym nigGñkenAkñúgKNbkSRbCaCn eyIgRtUvelIkehtuplbgðaj cMeBaHeRKaHfñak;RbeTsCati edIm,IeGayeKCYyKaMRTeyIgCasm¶at; EteyIgminRtUvniyaykic©kar b¤EpnkarsIuCMerAeGayeKdwgeLIy. RtUvcaMfa eKaledAvaylukEdlmanRbsiT§PaBQñHsRtUv eyIgGaceFIVCacMhr nigsm¶at; CaBiess KWeBlEdleyIgGackarBarxøÜnBIsRtUv mineGayvaylukmkelIeyIg)an. b:uEnþ eyIgGacQñHsRtUv)an KWGaRs½yelIkarvayqμk; tameKalkarN_sm¶at;. karvayqμk;manRbsiT§iPaB GaRs½yelIEpnkarsm¶at; nigel,On Edlman»kas nigeBlevlakMNt;RBmKña.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 14 rkSasiTi§

CMBUkTI 2CatiExμrmñak; RtUvEtebþCJacitþ EfrkSaTwkdIExμr nigplRbeyaCn_CatiExμreroberog eday s FmμrgSI 15 rkSasiTi§

Epnkar (Planning)I.kareFIVKMerag GñkeFIVEpnkareXasna minRtwmEtyl;dwgeKalneya)ay yuT§saRsþFMrbs;GgÁdwknaMneya)ayeT eXasnikRtUvyl;dwgRKb;sßankarN_neya)aykñúgRbeTs nigeRkARbeTs. eXasnikRtUvecHeRbIRKb;yuT§saRsþ yuT§viFI nigkl,iceXasnaepSg² edIm,IeGaymanRbsiT§PaBsMerctamEpnkar dl;eKaledArbs;GgÁkarneya)ayeyIg. EpnkareXasnaenATIenH eyIgGacEbgEckCaBIrFM² KW yuT§saRsþkarBar nigyuT§saRsþvayluk. eBlEdleyIgcaj;eRbob b¤Tn;exSayCagsRtUv eyIgRtUveRbIyuT§saRsþkarBar ehIyRtUvrkviFIsaRsþ b¤yuT§viFIvaylukeTAelIsRtUvvijEdr edayminrgcaMEtkarBarrhUteLIy. enAeBlEdleyIgmaneRbobelIsRtUv eyIgRtUveRbIyuT§saRsþvayluk mann½yfa enAeBlEdleyIgmaneRbobxagkmøaMgsμartI FnFan smÖar³ yuT§saRsþ nigbec©kviTüa. enAeBleyIgcab;epþImeFIVkareXasnamþg² eyIgRtUvmanEpnkardUcteTA ³ 1-kMNt;bBaða 2-eRCIserIsRbFanbTeXasna ¬RsbeTAnigsßankarN_neya)aybc©úb,nñ¦ 3-eRCIserIseKaledAeXasna 4- yuT§saRsþeXasnaepSg² 5-kmμviFIRbtibtþikar 6-viPaKelIlT§pl xat b¤ cMeNj ¬neya)ay¦ 7-RtYtBinitü 1-kMNt;bBaða (Problem Statement) eyIgRtUveRCIserIsykRbFanbTsMxan;² eGaycnM igbBaðarbs;RbCaBlrdækMBugcg;)an nigplRbeyaCn_RbeTsCatiTaMgmUl. bBaðaEdleyIgkMNt;enaH RtUvcaM)ac;Cab£sKl;énbBaða minEmncugbBaðaeLIy. ebIeyIgRkeLkemIlbBaðaenAkñúgRbeTsExμr EdlBYk h‘un Esn begIátbBaðaeLIgtamEpnkaryYn CabnþbnÞab; BYkenHKμansmtßPaBedaHRsayeLIy. tamBiteTA bBaðaenAkñúgRbeTsExμrvamanb£sKl;rbs;va eRbobdUcCaedImeQImYyedIm Edlvamanb£sEbkEmk duHsøwkCabnþbnÞab;ya:gdUecñHEdr. ebIeyIgkat;Emk nigkab;søwkenaHEmkfμInigsøwkfμIduHecjmkCaminxan EtebIeyIgkat;b£srbs;vaGs;enaH EmkeQIsøwkeQIenaHminGacduH)aneToteLIy . cMENkÉbBaðaenAkñúgRbeTsExμrk¾dUcKñaEdr bBaðaEdlekIteLIg dUcCa)at;bg;TwkdI Exrμ søab;rab;lannak; Exrμ Gs;RTBüsm,tþi Gs;éRBeQIGMeBIBukrlYy RkIRk )at;bg;dIFøI TaMgGs;enHCacugbBaðaeT. cMENkedImbBaðaenARtg;fa ExμrsißtenAeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 16 rkSasiTi§

eRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;kumμúynisþyYnEbbfμI. dUcenH BYkRtYtRtaeFIVkarekobsgát; eFIVTukçbukemñjkab;smøab;CatiExμrKμanRtaRbNIeLIy. karkMNt;bBaðaRtUveFIVeLIg nigeRCIserIsRbFanbT EdlmanGTiPaBbMput. mann½yfa eyIgemdwknaMRtUvedaHRsayb£sKl;énbBaðasMrab;RbeTsCati minRtUvedaHRsaycugbBaðaeLIy. cMENkÉeXasnikvij RtUvkMNt;tameKalkarN_rYmrbs;GgÁkarneya)ayeyIg KWelIkykb£sKl; bBaðaeFIVCaRbFanbT edIm,IpSBVpSaydl;RbCaBlrdæExμreGaydwg. bBaðaEdlkMBugekIteLIgenAkñúgRbeTsExμrbc©úb,nñ dUcCakMeNInCnGenþaRbevsn_yYn CemøaHdIFIø TMnijeLIgéføR)ak;ExTab GMeBIBukrlYy .l.TaMgGs;enHCacugbBaðaeT. b£sKl;énbBaðaBitR)akdrbs;RbeTsExμrKWyYnkumμúynisþRtYtRta bBa¢aExμrkumúμynisþEdllg;menaKmn_yYn. 2-eRCIserIsRbFanbTeXasna (Selected Topic) edIm,IelIkykRbFanbTmYy b¤eKalneya)aymYy mkeXasnadl;RbCaBlrdæ emdwknaM b¤eXasnikRtUveFIVtameKalkarN_rbs;GgÁkarneya)ayenaH edayecHbn;EbntameTAtamkal³eTs³sMrbeTAtamsßankarN_enaH. eyIgRtUvsikSaBt’maneGayli¥tl¥n; c,as;las;BIplcMeNj nigxatneya)ay etIeKRbqaMg b¤KaMRT. etIGIVEdleyIgxitxMeFIV vaCaplRbeyaCn_rbs;RbCaBlrdæExμr nigCatiExμrb¤eT?. eRkayBIRbmUl)anBt’manykmksikSal¥itl¥n;ehIy eTIbeyIgelIkykcMNucEdlmanGTiPaBbMputmkeXasna. cMNucGTiPaBenH KW CatMrUvkarcaM)ac;rbs;RbCaCatiExμr EdlkMBugcg;)anb¤CacMNucexSayéncMNucsøab; (weakness of Center Gravity ) rs;rbs;KUrRbkYtRbECg ¬yYn nigKNbkSRbCaCn¦. 3-eRCIserIseKaledAeXasna (Select Target For Propaganda) kareRCIserIseKaledAvayluk CaktþasMxan;bMputsMrab;eFIVeGayneya)ayeyIgmaneRbobGacykC½yCMnHsRtUv)an. enAeBleXasna eyIgvaycMNucexSayéncMNucsøab;rs;rbs;KUrRbKYtRbECg b¤vayRbharelIkEnøgNaEdlsRtUvminGackarBarxøÜn)an. eBalKWeXasnikRtUvEtyl;c,as; GMBIeKaledAEdleyIgRtUveXasna. eyIgGacEbgEckkareXasna CaEpñkepSg²Kña dUcCaenATIkEnøgsaFarNH TIRbCMuCn salaeron vtþGaram TIpSar TIkEnøgkMsanþ BIFIbuNü eragcRk shKmn_kareFIVdMeNIr ePaCnIydæan Rsuk XMu PUmi CaRkumtUc² b¤ buKÁl b¤kEnøgEdlRbCaBlrdækMBugEtmanbBaðadUcCa GñkmanGMNacdeNþImdIFøI kmμkreFIVkUdækmμ edaysarefAEkminebIkR)ak;ebovtS TMnijeLIgéføCaedIm.l. eyIgCaGñkesñhaCatiExμr RtUvBuHBarskmμbMputkñúgkareXasna elIsyYnrab;sibdgedIm,IkarBarplRbeyaCn_ Cati sasna nigRbCaCatiExrμ eGayKg;vgSsMrab;kUnecAExμrCMnan;eRkayeTot.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 17 rkSasiTi§

4-yuT§saRsþeXasnaepSg² (Other Propoganda Strategies) k-bgðajGMBIeKalkarN_ nigGgÁkarneya)ay (Show Principles and Political Organization) eXasnikmuneFIVCaGñkeXasna d¾manRbsiT§PaBsMrab;GgÁkarneya)ay CadMbUgeyIgRtUvcUlCasmaCikénGgÁkarneya)ayenaHsin edIm,IeGayeyIgyl;dwgGMBIeKalkarN_TaMgLayrbs;GgÁkarneya)ayenaH eGay)anc,as;las;. bnÞab;mk eXasnikcab;epþImTMnak;TMng pSBVpSay ecjeXasnadl;RbCaBlrdæRKb;mCÄdæan TMnak;TMngcab;taMgBIbuKÁlmñak; BIrnak; b¤eRcInnak;eLIgeTA. dMbUgeyIgRtUvEtEsVgrkbuKÁlEdlesñhaCatiBitR)akd nigGñkmaneTBekaslü EdlmanlkçN³emdwknaM.eRbobdUcCa Lav BI nigbgb¥ÚnBIrnak;eTotenAkñúgerOgPaKcinmYyEdlmaneQμaHfa samkuk suxcitþs‘URTaMRKb;Ebbya:g edIm,IGeBa¢Ij xug eb:g mkCYyrMedaHRsukeTsya:gdUecñaHEdr. karpSBVpSayenHedIm,IBnül;bgðajRbCaBlrdæExμr yl;GMBIeKalkarN_dwknaMrbs;GgÁkarneya)ayxøÜn nigeGayRbCaBlrdæExrμ emIleXIjGMBIeRKaHfñak;rbs;RbeTsCati. yYnkMBugeRbIyuT§saRsþ dgáÚvDYg EdlkMBugsIurUgépÞkñúgRbeTsExμrsBVéf¶enH TIbMputCatiExμrRtUvsøab;. eyIgCaeXasnikeFIVya:gNa eGayRbCa-BlrdæExrμ KaMRT b¤cUlrYmCamYyeyIg edaylHbg;TaMgeBlevla smÖar³ kmøaMgkay citþ edIm,IeGaysMerceCaKC½ytameKalkarN_enaH. minfasRtUvenaH tUc b¤ FM b:uNÑaeLIy k¾eyIgCaGñkesñhaCatiExμrGacykQñHsRtUv)anCanic© eGayEteyIgmanEpnkarl¥bMput (The Best .Plan) eyIgeRbobdUcCam¢últUcmYyEdltUc ehIyGaccak;cMebHdUgmnusS eFIVeGaymnusSsøab;)anya:gdUecñHEdr. eXasnikRtUvbgðajbkRsay GMBIeKalkarN_ nigeQμaHrbs;GgÁkardwknaM eFIVmenaKmn_neya)ay sRgÁamneya)aycitþsaRsþ tamskmμPaBepSg² EdlxøÜnmansmtßPaBGacerobcM)an. ]TahrN_ edIm,IeGayExμr nig Lav cUlrYmCamYybkSkumμúynisþ\NÐÚcin yYn)anbgðaj GMBIeKalkarN_kumμúynisþmYycMnYn tamma:keLnIn ehIybB©úaHbBa©ÚleGayExμr nigLav CYyRbqaMgnwgGaNanIKmn_)araMg nigGaemrik EdlmkRtYtRta\NÐÚcin. EttamkarBit yYneFIVEbbenH edIm,ITuk»kaseGayyYn Etmñak;ÉgRtYtRta\NÐÚcin deNþImplRbeyaCn_ExμreTAvij. cMeBaHKNbkSRbCaCnvij EtgEtelIkykéf¶ 7 mkra CaeKalkarN_neya)aye)akR)as;RbCaBlrdæExμr faxøÜn)anrMedaHRbCaBlrdæExμrecjBIrbbRbl½yBUCsasn_. EtpÞúyeTAvij KNbkSRbqaMgnana EtgEtelIkeLIgfa 7 mkraCaéf¶EdlyYnQøanBan bøn;RTBüsm,tþiExμr nigelbykTwkdIExμr. cMENkeyIgCaCatiExμr RtUvyl;famanEtExμreTCaGñkRsLaj;Exμr minEmnbreTseT. b:uEnþeyIgTaMgGs;Kña Qb;eCOBYkemdwknaMExμrmYycMnYn Edllg;kñúgkarbMBak;bMb:nmenaKmn_kumúμynisþBIyYneTotehIy BIeRBaHeyIg)ansikSaGMBIyuT§saRsþyYnc,as;las;Nas; ehIyemIleXIjfa cab;BI 17 emsa 1975 mk KWCaéf¶C½yCMnHrbs;BYkkumμúynisþ rhUtdl; 7 mkra 1979 KWenAEtBYkkumμúnisþdEdl eKRKan;EtdUrmnusS nigeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 18 rkSasiTi§

eQμaHEtb:ueNÑaH edIm,IbMP½nþExμr gayRsYlkumúμynisþyYnRtYtRtabnþ deNþIMmplRbeyaCn_Exμr. eyIgGacemIl dgáÚvDYg eBlvasIuGs;rUgbNþÚlkñúgedImeQIGs;ehIy TIbMputedImeQIenaHGacgab; b¤eyIgeRbobeTAedIméRCEdlrMuB½T§edImetñatrhUtdl;søab;. eXasnikRtUvelIkykeKalkarN_rbs;GgÁkarneya)ay mkbkRsay nigbgðajdl;saFarN³Cn edIm,IeGayeKdwg TTYldMNwgykeTApSBVpSaybnþ CaBiess eXasnikRtUvelIktMekIg nigsesIrGMBIeKalkarN_rbs;GgÁkarneya)ayxøÜn. BIeRBaHmanEtGgÁkarneya)ayenHehIy EdlCaGñkesñhaCati nigKitKUrerOgGayuCivitRbeTsCatiBitR)akd. eXasnikRtUvpSBVpSayelIktMekIgeKalkarN_eyIg edayFanacMeBaHRbCaBlrdæfa BitCaGacdwknaMRbeTsCatieGaymankarrIkcMerIndUceKalkarN_tamGIVEdlRbCaBlrdæcg;)an. cMNucsMxan;énkareXasnaenH GñkeXasnaRtUverIscMNucEdlxusKñaBIsRtUvnigmaneRbobelIGgÁkarneya)ayd_éT dUcCa emdwknaM yuT§saRsþ eKalkarN_GgÁkarneya)ay karerobcMRbeTs nigcMNucEdlnaMeTAeyIgTTYl)aneCaKC½yCaedIm. eyIgRtUveFIVkareRbobeFob rvageKalkarN_rbs;GgÁkarneya)ayxøÜn nigGgÁkarneya)ayrbs;Gñkd_éT EdlCaeKaledAkñúgkarRbkYtRbECg. eXasnikRtUvbkRsayGMBI GIVEdlGgÁkarneya)ayenaHman dUcCa LÚkU eQμaHBaküeBcn_ Gtßn½y xøwmsar nigskmμPaBrbs;emdwknaMepSg².l. x-TIkEnøgeXasna nig»kas (Place and Time) cMeBaHkareXasnaCacMhr eXasnikRtUveRCIserIskEnøgsaFarN³EdlmanlkçNHsmrmüedIm,IeGayRbCaBlrdæGacTTYldwgGMBIeKalneya)ay nigeKalkarN_epSg²rbs;eyIg. dUcCakarerobcMkmμviFIsikçasala RbCMu BIFIbuNü EckGMeNay ebIksem<aF beRgon b¤pSBVpSaytam sarBt’manepSg². TIkEnøgnigeBlevlaenH CaktþamYyEdleyIgGacykQñHelIsRtUv)an eTaHCasRtUvmanKñaeRcIn nigxøaMgb:uNÑak¾eday k¾eyIgGacykQñH)anEdr. KμannrNamYy EdlGacnwksμandl;faExSRTmanEtBIresaH EteKGacelg)anbTePøgrab;minGs;enaHEdr ehIyk¾Kaμ nnrNanwksμandl;rs;CatimanEtR)aM EteKGacbBa©ÚlKña )anrs;CatisMrab;mðÚbrab;rymuxenaHEdr. dUcenH eyIgminRtUvykyuT§saRsþdEdl² mkeFIVkareXasna b¤vaylukelIsRtUveT eBalKWeyIgRtUvecHelgqøas;cuHeLIgeRbobdUcCa RBHGaTitü nigRBHc½nÞ b¤rdUvkalTaMgbYn Edlvavilvl;cuHeLIgminecHcb;. K-RbCaBlrdæ (Citizions) edIm,IeGayRCYtRCabdl;RbCaBlrdæExμr RKb;RsTab;kñúgsgÁm eXasnikRtUvpSayBt’manEdlxøÜnmaneGay)anB¤dl;RbCaBlrdæ b¤eGay)andl;RkumeKaledAEdleyIgcg;eXasna. eyIgGaceFIV tamry³xitb½NÑ karEst viTüú TUrTsSn_ Evbsay b¤bNþajsarBt’manepSg² EdlGñksþab;GacTTYl)an nigcUlcitþsþab;PaKeRcIn .eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 19 rkSasiTi§

Rtg;cMNucenH eXasnikRtUvsÁal;GMBIcitþsaRsþrbs;RbCaBlrdæExμreGayc,as; etIRbCaBlrdæExμrRtUvkarGIVCacaM)ac; manbBaðaGIV TMenomTMlab; vb,Fm’ RbéBNI ya:gNa? nigTMenarya:gdUcemþc?eyIgCaeXasnikRtUvcuHpÞal;dl;RbCaBlrdæEtmþg edIm,Iniyay nigBnül;GMBIbBaðaepSg²EdlKat;cg;sþab; edayeyIgcuHpÞal;eTAdl;eKaledA KWeyIgRtUveFIVneya)aycitþsaRsþCamun eFIVya:gNaeGayRbCaBlrdæRsLaj; nigeKarB karBareyIg. karEdlcuHCYbpÞal;CamYyRbCaBlrdæ enHCaktaþ mYyEdlman\T§iBlxøaMgbMput sMrab;eXasnikelIRbCaBlrdæ. RbCaBlrdæGacvinicä½y nigsMerccitþepSg² elIGñkEdlykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHsuxTukçrbs;Kat; nigkarBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;Kat;. ehtudUcenH ktþasMxan;sMrab;kareCaKC½yrbs;GgÁkarneya)ay KWeyIgRtUvEtlHbg;RKb;Ebbya:g kñúgkarhVwkhVWnGñkesñhaCatiExμr smaCik eGay)anl¥edIm,ICYykñúgkic©kar ebskkmμ nigbMerIRbCaBlrdæ CaBiess eyIgRtUvRby½tñRbEygcMeBaHkareRCIserIsnigelIkTwkcitþbuKÁlwk. X-eXasnik (Propagandists) eXasnik KWCabuKÁlEdlmansmtßPaBkñúgkareXasna manKuNPaBkñúgkardwknaM mancMeNHdwgxagneya)ay nigcMeNHÉkeTsepSg²Edlman\Ti§Bldl;RbCaBlrdæ nigGaceGayeKeCOCak;)an. karerobcMbNþajeXasnik CaktþasMxan;mYysMrab;kareXasna. eXasnikRtUverobcMxøÜneGaymanl¥dUcemdwknaMEdr. GñkesñhaCatiExμrRKb;RsTab;TaMgGs; RtUveFIVCaKMrUl¥ edIm,IeGayRbCaBlrdæmanPaBeCOCak;elIxøÜn nigmankarKaMRT. eRkayBIerobcMbNþaj eTAtameKalkarN_énkareRCIserIssmaCikrbs;GgÁkarneya)ayrYcehIy eyIgRtUveFIVkarhwVkhat;smaCikTaMgenaH eGayyl;dwgGMBIrebobeXasna niglkçNHepSg² rbs;kardwknaMénGgÁkardwknaMneya)ay. ktþaeCaKC½yminEmnekIteLIgedayécdnüeT EtekIteLIgedaysareyIgmankareRtomTukCanic© nigkarhVwkhVWnbNþúHbNþal RKb;smaCikTaMgGs;eGay)anl¥CaTIbMput. eRkayBIkarhWVkhat;rYc edayFanafaeXasnikTaMg enaHyl;dwg GMBIkic©karepSg²Tak;Tg nigviFIeXasna eTIbeyIgcat;EcgeGayeXanikenaHcab;epþIm eFIVkartamEpnkarCayuT§saRsþ. eXasnikRtUvmanlkçN³sm,tiþdUcteTA ³ 1-smaCik 2-bNþúHbNþal GMBI neya)ay kardwknaM eXasna citþsaRsþ yuT§saRsþepSg² 3-Gnuvtþkargarya:gskmμ eXasnikRtUvnwkeXIjdl;b£sKl;ényuT§saRsþ kñúgkareXasna eKaledAvayluk kMlaMgFnFan bgðajpøÚv eFIVkic©karRtwmRtUv sÁal;ehtukarN_ KiteRtomcaj; qk;»kas dutqnÞHeFIVeGayRbesIreLIg ecHeRbIbBa©ÚlKña ¬GgÁkardwknaM hVwkhat; nigkarTMnak;TMng¦. GñkeXasnaeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 20 rkSasiTi§

eFIVya:gNaeGaymanlkçN³skmμ ehIygayRsYlyl; manlkçN³samBaØ RsbeTAnigcMeNHrbs;RbCaBlrdæ. GñkeXasnaRtUvecHelIkykehtupl eGaymanlkçN³tkáviC¢a eFIVya:gNaeGayGñksþab;eCOCak; nigTTYlyk)an. eyIgRtUvmanPaBécñRbDitx<s; eQøosév erIsykRbFanbTNaEdlTak;Tg CamYyGñksþab; nigsßankarN_kMBgu ekItmanenATIenaH. kareXasna RtUveFIVeLIgmþgehIymþgeTotEdlmanlkçN³cMeBaH mincMeBaH nigRbqaMg .l. ]TahrN_ eyIgelIkGMBImUlehtuEdlnaMeGayRbCaBlrdæRkIRk KWbNþalmk BITMnijeLIgéføehIyRbCaBlrdæKμankargar R)ak;Extic nigR)ak;cMNUlticCaedIm. enHKWCayuT§saRsþyYn eFIVeGayeyIgenAEtexSay exSayTaMgkmøaMgkay sμartI nigbBaØa edIm,IgayRsYl BYkvaRtYtRtaExμr eKgcMeNjykplRbeyaCn_Exμr RTBüsm,tþiExμr nigTwkdIExμrTaMgmUl Cak;Esþg RbeTscm,a: nigExμreRkamCa]TahrN_ enHehIyCayuT§saRsþ neya)ayshB½n§kumúμynisþ\NÐÚcin. g-rUbPaBxageRkA (Physics) lkçNHsm,tþixageRkArbs;GgÁkardwknaM eKalneya)ay rcnasm<½n§ buKÁlik smÖarH nigktþaepSg²eTot EdlRbCaBlrdæGacemIleXIjskmμPaBRbcaMéf¶ BaküsmþI nig \riyabfCaedIm.dUcenH eyIgCaGñkesñhaCatiExμrTaMgGs; RtUvRbugRby½tñRKb;vinaTI edIm,IkMueGaykargarbraC½y.eyIgCaeXasnik RtUvRbkan;\riyabféføfñÚr CaTITukcitþ nigeCOCak;BIRbCaBlrdæ minRtUvluHkñúg])aymuxdUcCa El,g RsI RsaeLIy. cUreyIgkMuemIlrMlgsRtUv KitfasRtUvminvaylukeyIg EteyIgRtUvEteRtomcaMCanic© edayKitfa sRtUvnigvaylukeyIgéf¶NamYy. karBarCamunRbesIrCagmanCm¶WehIyeTIbBüa)al. c-tMélGgÁkarneya)ay (Value of Political Organization) eyIgRtUvbgðajGMBIkarKaMRT cMeBaHGgÁkarneya)ayeyIg edayR)ab;tMélBiessénGgÁkardwknaMenH Rtg;faecjBIGñkesñhaCatiBitR)akd CaGñkEdlKitKUrBIvasnaRbeTsCati plRbeyaCn_RbeTsCati k¾dUcCa suxTukçrbs;RbCaBlrdæ TwkdI sMrab;CatiExμrTaMgmUl minEmnCaGñkGatμaniym KitRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜn nigbkSBYkmYyRkumtUcenaHeLIy. GgÁkarneya)ayenH nignaMyklTi§RbCaFibetyüBitR)akdmkCUnRbCaBlrdæExμr eGaymansiTi§esrIPaBeBlelj ÉkraCü ecjBIkarCiHCan;GMNacpþac;kar h‘un Esn eRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;yYnkumμúynisþ nigbMeBjnUvesckþIRtUvkarCUnRbCaBlrdætamkarcg;)an eBlEdlGgÁkarneya)ayenH dwknaMCatiExμrkñúgGnaKtd¾xøIxagmux.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 21 rkSasiTi§

q-skmμPaB BaküeBcn_ nigGtßn½yeXasna (Action, Words and Meaning) edIm,IeGaymanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkareXasna eXasnikRtUverobcMxøÜneGaymanesckIþéføfñÚr cab;taMgBIBaküsmþI skmμPaB \riyabf KMrUl¥ naMmuxRKb;ya:g KYreGayeCOCak;nigTukcitþBIRbCaBlrdæ.eXasnikRtUvEsVgrkplRbeyaCn_CUnRbCaBlrdæ b¤karBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;RbCaBlrdæ CaBiesskarBarplRbeyaCn_RbeTsCatiTaMgmUl. eyIgRtUvrYmsuxrYmTukçCamYyRbCaBlrdæ esμaHRtg;cMeBaHCatiExμr nigCYyedaHRsaybBaðaral;TukçlM)akrbs;RbCaBlrdæExμr. eXasnikRtUvEtqøgkat;karbNþúHbNþal RbvtiþsaRsþ TsSnviC¢aneya)ay Rbvtiþneya)ay citþsaRsþneya)ay sRgÁamneya)aymenaKmnviC¢aneya)ay eKalkarN_rbs;GgÁkarneya)ay PaBCaGñkdwknaM nigcMeNHviC¢aÉkeTsmYyrbs;xøÜn. eBleXasna eXasnikRtUvEtykyuT§saRsþeKalmkeRbI eFIVya:gNavaylukeTAelIcMNucexSayéncMNucsøab;rbs;sRtUv. eyIgRtUvmanPsþútagCak;Esþg RBwtþikarN_Cak;Esþg bkRsayCUnRbCaBlrdæExμreGaydwg. eyIgRtUvsnSMsMéc TaMgeBlevla FnFanepSg² edIm,IeGaymanplcMeNjEpñkneya)ay KW cMNaytic EtcMeNjCaGtibrmadl;RbeTsCati. RtUvmaneKalbMNg nigeKaledAc,as;las;kñúgkarvayluk. eXasnikminRtUveFIVeGayb:HBal;plRbeyaCn_Cati RbCaBlrdæcab;taMgBIGarmμN_ RTBüsm,tþi smÖar³ vb,Fm’ TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI plRbeyaCn_rYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæeLIy.kareXasnaedayskmμPaB B¤xøaMgCagkareXasnaEdlRKan;Etniyay EtmineFIV. C-skmμPaBCYyral;TukçlM)akRbCaBlrdæ eXasnikTaMgGs;RtUvykcitþTukdak;CYyral;Tuklç M)akrbs;RbCaBlrdæ TaMgkmøaMgkay TaMgkmøaMgcitþ smÖar³ nigeBlevla tamlT§PaBEdlxøÜnGaceFIV)an. eBlEdlRbCaBlrdæmanbBaðaGIVmYyEdlBYkKat;minGacedaHRsay)an eXasnikmantYnaTIsMxan;ykcitþTukdak;edaHRsaybBaðaeGayBYkKat;)aneCaKC½y. eXasnikRtUvcaMfa xøÜneyIgCaGñkCYyRbCaBlrdæ bMerICatiExμr dUecñH eXasnikRtUvEsVgrkplRbeyaCn_CUnRbCaBlrdæ eTaHtamviFINak¾eday edaymineGayb:HBal;dl;pl-RbeyaCn_Cati b¤b:HBal;plRbeyaCn_buKÁlNamYyeLIy. dUckalEdlkumúμynisþyYn ¬eyokkug¦ yklTi§kumμúynisþmkbMBulExμr eGaykab;smøab;KñaenaHeXasnikrbs;vaminEdlRbkan;xøÜneLIy. eBlEdlyYncUlmktMbn;ExμrkEnøgNa yYnEtgEtCYyExμrdUcCaEr:kTwk BuHGus RcUtRsUv elIkGacm_eKa RkbI e)aspÞH eGayRbCaBlrdæExμrCaedIm. munnigykQñHsRtUv RtUvykQñHcitþRbCaBlrdæsin. karCYyedaysb,úrs GaceFIVeGayRbCaBlrdæExμrKaMRTsuxcitþlHbg;RKb;ya:g edIm,ICYyeyIgsMercdl;eKaledA. RbCaBlrdæExμrmYycMnYn)anCYyyYneyokkugCYylak;)aMgyYnBIkgT½BsarFarNrdæExμr kalBITsvtS qñaM 1970 ¬sRgÁam\NÐÚcinelIkTI 2¦k¾eRBaHEtyYnvaecHeRbIviFIcitþsaRsþenH bnÞab;BIBYkva)anhVwkhWVncb;.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 22 rkSasiTi§

rUbPaBdkRsg;EcjBI vibsayRsLaj;Exμr]tþmesnIy_ ln; nl; ¬sm½ysaFarNrdæExμr¦ ¬sI hnu m:Unic nig RKUyYn y: egVog y:ab;¦ Q-Tinñplkargar nigsñaédemdwknaM eyIgRtUvbgðajBIsñaédknøgmk EdlGgÁkardwknaMneya)ayeyIg)aneFIV b¤sñaédrbs;emdwknaMedIm,IeGayRbCaBlrdæ)andwgfa etIeyIgGIVxøHedIm,ICYyCatiExμr? nig etIsmtßPaBemdwknaMkMritNaGacGPivDÆn_CatieGaymankarrIkcMerInrugerOg?. smtßplsñaédepSg² skmμPaBrbs;emdwknaM CaktþamYyGacelIkTwkcitþ CYyCMrujTwkcitþsmaCik nigRbCaBlrdæpgEdr. j-cMbBaðaRbCaBlrdæ RtUvcaMfa RbCaBlrdæmincg;sþab;erOgpÞal;xøÜnrbs;eyIgeLIy b:uEnþ Kat;cg;sþab;nrNaEdlGackarBarplRbeyaCn_eGayBYkKat; b¤GñkEdlCYyedaHRsaybBaða GñkykplRbeyaCn_mkCUneGayKat; CaBiess Kat;cg;sþab;erOgEdlTak;TgnwgerOgrbs;Kat;. dUcenH eyIgCaGñkeXasnaeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 23 rkSasiTi§

RtUvelIkykbBaðarbs;Gñksþab; ykmkniyay nigeFIVkaredaHRsayCUnKat; . b:uEnþ eyIgminGacsnüaGIVEdleyIgminGaceFIV)anenaHeT. d-RbtikmPμ øam² enAeBlEdlmankarvayRbhar riHKn;BIxagsRtUv eyIgRtUvEteFIVkarkarBarxøÜn bnÞab;mkvaybkRbtikmμeTAsRtUvvijPøam. eyIgeFIVya:gNaeGaymanlkçN³eRbobelIsRtUv b¤Gacvaysn§ab;elIsRtUvedaymineGaysRtUvtéd)aneLIy. karEdleyIgvaybkelIsRtUv RtUvEteFIVtamk,Ünxñat eKalkarN_ nigyuT§saRsþeGay)anRtwmRtUv. eyIgminRtUveFIVtamkMhwg b¤eFIVtamGarmN_enaHeLIy.eyIgRtUveFIVtamEpnkarya:gRtwmRtUv edayeyIgdwg»kas eBlevla TIkEnøg b¤eyIgGacdwgsmtßPaBxøÜneyIg nig smtßPaBsRtUvc,as;las;. ebIeyIgQñH eyIgRtUvEtvaybkPøam EtebIeyIgcaj;eyIgRtUvkarBarxøÜneGaymansuvtißPaB caMrk»kasvaybkCaeRkay. 5-kmμviFIRbtibtþikar kmvμ iFIRbtibtþikarenH eyIgRtUverobcMeGay)anc,as;las; edayeyIgRtUvKitfa eyIgcab;epþImenAeBlNa ehIybBa©b;enAeBlNa? nrNaCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkargarenaH? etIvanigRbRBwtþeTAenAkEnøgNa? etImanmnusSb:unμannak;nigcUlrYm? etIeyIgeFIVGIVxøHenAkñúgkmμviFIenaH? etImanry³eBlb:unμan? em:agNaxøH? eyIgRtUvEbgEckmuxgareGayc,as;las;enAkñúgkmμviFI. 6-viPaKelIlT§plxat b¤cMeNj ¬RbqaMg b¤KaMRT¦ muneBlEdleyIgeXasnanUvRbFanbT b¤ kmvμ iFIGIVmYyCasaFarN³ dl;RbCaBlrdæ. eyIgRtUvviPaKeGay)anl¥itl¥n; GMBIplb:HBal;EpñkcitþsaRsþdl;RbCaBlrdæ b¤GñkenAtMbn;enaH. RtUvcaMfaeyIgminRtUveFIVeGayb:HBal;plRbeyaCn_ esckþIsuxrbs;RbCaBlrdæeLIy. eyIgRtUvviPaKeTAelIneya)aykñúgRsuk neya)aytMbn; neya)ayGnþrCati esdækic© KUrRbkYtRbECg GñkKaMRT c,ab; bridæanbec©kviTüa viFIsaRsþ sgÁm .l. etIvamanplb:HBal;GIVxøH TTYl)ankarKaMRTBIsarFaN³Cnb¤RtUvefáaleTasBIsarFarN³Cn. ]TahrN_fa saMgeLIgéfø eyIgnaMKñaeFIV)atukmμ. eBlenaH RbCaBlrdæBitCaKaMRTeGayeyIgBIeRBaHvaCaplRbeyaCn_eyIgTaMgGs;Kña. b:uEnþ ebIeyIgeFIVehIy Etmin)ansMerc vaGacCH\Ti§BlGaRkk;mkvij edaykarTamTarrbs;eyIgmin)aneCaKC½y. müa:geTot karb:HTgÁicrvagBYkGaCJaFr h‘unEsn nig)atukrGaceGayeKemIleXIjfa RbeTsExμrmineKarBsiTi§mnusS mineKarBc,ab; mineKarBrdæFmμnuBaØ eFIVeGayGnþrCatiefáaleTas Biesselakxaglic CaRbeTsesrI. vaGacbgðajRbCaBlrdæeGayeXIjpgEdr GMBIGsmtßPaBrbs;rdæaPi)al bMpøajekri þ_eQμaH.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 24 rkSasiTi§

7-RtYtBinitü eyIgRtUvRtYtBinitüeGaydwgfa etIkareXasnarbs;eyIgmanRbsiT§PaBb¤Gt; eRkayBIeyIgeFIVkareXasnacb;? eyIgRtUvdwgfa nrNaCaédKUrRbkYtRbECgrbs;eyIg? etImanRbCaBlrdæcMnYnb:unμannak;KaMRT? RbCaBlrdæcMnYnb:unμanRbqaMg? nrNaCaGñkKaMRT ehIymUlehtuGIV)anCaeKKaMRT?eyIgmanyuT§saRsþGIVBiess sMrab;Tak;TajeGayeKKaMRT b¤maneRbobQñHelIKUrRbkYtRbECgeyIg?etIenAkEnøgNaxøH EdlRbCaBlrdæKaMRTeyIg kEnøgNaxøHEdlminKaMRT? etIcMNucsøab;rs;rbs;KUrRbkYtRbECg eyIgmanGIVxøH Rtg;cMNucNaxøH? ehtuGIV)anRbCaBlrdæKaMRTKNbkSRbCaCn? etIenAeBlEdlKNbkSRbCaCn eFIVkarvaylukxageXasna b¤skmμPaBGIVmYy etIeyIgRtUvRbtikmμPøam²eTAvijya:gdUcemþc?II.KUrbøg;yuT§saRsþeXasna (Design Strategy of Propaganda) karerobcMyuT§saRsþeXasnaenH eXasnikRtUvKitrkviFIEdlEbøkdac;BIKUrRbkYtRbECgrbs;xøÜnedayeCosvageFIVtamviFIdEdl. skmPμ aB lT§plkargar nigsñaéd GacmanRbsiTi§PaBCagkarniyayEtmat;eTAeTot. cMNucsMxan;KweyIgGñkerobcMyuT§saRsþeXasna minRtUvemIlEteKaledAtMrUvkar nigbBaðarbs;RbCaBlrdæEdlRtUvkarenaHeT KWeyIgRtUvsÁal;GMBIeKaledAvaylukrbs;KUrRbkYtRbECg. eyIgRtUv eXasnaRtg;cMNucexSay rbs;sRtUvEdlminGackarBar)an. ]TahrN_fa dUcenAkm<úCaeRkam nigPUma manEtRBHsgÇmYyeT EdlGacegIbeLIgtva: cMeBaHrdæaPi)alkumμúynisþ. eRBaHebIsinCa rdæaPi)alkumúμynisþeFIVTukçbukmñijenaH GnþrCatinwgefáaleTaseRBaHenHCasiTi§esrIPaBxagkarbeBa©jmiti b¤eKefáaleTasGMBIkarrMelaPelICMenOsasnaCaedIm ¬siTi§CMenOsasna Belief and Religion¦. ExμreRkamegIbeLIgtva: GMBIGaCJaFrevotNamdeNþImdIFøIRbCaBlrdæ. yYncab;dak;KukeFIVTukçbukemñj KWrMelaPelIsiTi§CnCatiPaKtic EdleyIgGacykbgðajGnþrCati ¬siTi§CnCatiPaKtic¦.Indigenous and Minority cMeBaHRbeTsExμrvij cMNucNaEdlrdæaPi)alminGackarBar)an dUcCa erOgyYnRtYtRtaExμrGenþaRbevsn_yYnbYnlanknøH ¬4 500 000¦ CemøaHdIFøI TMnijeLIgéfø R)ak;Extic RbCaBlrdæRkIRkGMeBIBukrlYy bMbiTsiTi§BlrdæmineGayeFIV)atukmCμ aedIm ¬sRgÁamneya)ay b¤ citþsaRsþneya)ay¦Political ¦.Psychology cMNucGs;TaMgenH eyIgRtUvelIkykeFIVCaRbFanbTeXasna. eyIgRtUvbgðaj ehtukarN_Cak;EsþgcMeBaHmux b¤bgaðjviFIEdlRtUvedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgGs;enH. CMerIsyuT§saRsþeXasnaenH vaGaRs½yelIGgÁkardwknaMneya)ay EdleKeRCIserIsyk.etIeyIgCasmaCikTaMgGs;KñaRtUvEtebþCJacitþeFIVeGayeCaKC½y b¤RKan;EteFIVeGayl,IQanmuxeK b¤RKan;EtRbNaMgRbECg b¤ RKan;EtedIm,Imuxmat;.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 25 rkSasiTi§

III-yuT§saRsþeXasnaCasaFarN³ (Strategy of Public Relation) skmμPaBeXasnaCasaFarN³mandUcteTA ³ TMnak;TMngCamYysarBt’man karRbkasGMBIeKalneya)ayepSg² TMnak;TMngTaMgkñúgnigxageRkARbeTs karbBa©úHbBa©Úl karRbwkSa eKaledAénkareFIVkareXasnaCasarFarN³ edIm,IeGayRbCaBlrdædwgGMBIskmμPaBfIμ² nigeKalkarN_neya)ayfμI edIm,IEkERbeKalneya)ayeGayenAfμICanic© cMeBaHneya)ayEdlTMucas;ehIy edIm,IbegIáteGaymanplRbeyaCn_ nig »kas cMeBaHGgÁkarneya)ayeyIg eFIVeGayman\Ti§Bl nig KaMRTBIsarFaN³Cn edIm,IkarBarGMBIbBaðaEdlekIteLIgCasaFarN³cMeBaHeKalneya)ay nig GgÁkarneya)ayeyIg ¬Baküccamram nig karriHKn;epSg²¦ begIáteKaledAeXasna eFIVeGayRbCaBlrdædwgB¤ PJak;rlwk duHqnÞ³RsLaj;CatiExμr KitplRbeyaCn_Cati FMCagRbeyaCn_buKÁl begIátCMenOeCOCak;dl;smaCik nigRbCaBlrdæ elIkTwkcitþRkumkargar nigRbCaBlrdæ kat;bnßykarcMNayeXasnaepSg²EdlmincMTwsedA ]bkrN_sMrab;eXasnaCasaFarN³ ¬sikSabEnßmkñúgesoePABIrbbpþac;kareTARbCaFibetyü¦ 1-karpSBVpSayCasarFarN³ 2-RBwtþkarN_ 3-sarBt’man ¬viTüú TUrTsSn_ kaEst TsSnavdþI RBwtþib½Rt esoePA xitb½NÑTUrs½BÞ TUsar GIuEml PaBynþ fas cMerog sar Éksar¦ 4-sunÞrkfa 5-skmμPaBCYysgÁm nigesvasaFarN³ 6-sarBt’man 7-Pñak;gar TaMg 5 RbePTeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 26 rkSasiTi§

8-hirBaØvtßú 9-)atukmμ kUdkmμ.l.IV.RKb;RKgbNþaj (Network Management) karRKb;RKgbNþaj KWdUcKñaeTAnigkarRKb;RKgFnFanmnusSEdr. eRkayBIeyIgRsavRCavdwgcMNucxVHxatrbs;buKÁlwk xVHxatcMnYnbuKÁlwk xVHxatbec©keTs b¤sμartI. eyIgRtUveFIVEpnkaredIm,IeRCIserIsbuKÁlwkbEnßm b¤bNþúHbNþalbuKÁlwkcas;eGaycMTwsedAkargar. eRkayBIeFIVEpnkareyIgRtUveRCIserIstamEpnkarEdleyIgkMNt; manny½ fa munnigeyIgeRCIserIsGñkNamñak;mkeFIVCasmaCikrbs;eyIg eyIgRtUveFIVtameKalkarN_neya)ayrbs;eyIg b¤tamlkçxNÐeRCIserIs. eyIgRtUvmaneKalkarN_énkareRCIserIs nigeKalkarN_vaytMélsMrab;pþl;rgVan;elIkTwkcitþepSg². bnÞab;mkeyIgRtUveFIVkarbNþúHbNþalbuKÁlwk eGayTan;PaBrIkcMerInrbs;BiPBelak nigmansmtßPaB xøaMgCagKUrRbkYtRbECgeyIg TaMgcMeNHÉkeTs TaMgbec©kviTüa yuT§saRsþepSg² edIm,IeGay manRbsiT§PaBx<s; kargarTTYlTinñplx<s; nigeCaKC½y. buKÁlikmankIþsgÇwm nigmanmuxrbr GaCIBedayxøÜnÉgnaeBlGnaKt.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 27 rkSasiTi§

erobcM (Organizing)I.erobcMrcnasm<½n§ (Structure Organization) karerobcMrcnasm<½n§ eyIgGacerobcMEckecjCabIEpñkepSg²Kña. TI 1 eyIgGacerobcMrcnasm<½n§tamÉkeTs b¤GaCIB b¤tamEpñkRbCaBlrdæ. ]TahrN_fa EpñkRBHsgÇ nisSit kmkμ rRKUbeRgonCaedIm. TI 2 eyIgGacerobcMtamrebobRtIekaN EdlmanRbFan GnuRbFan nigGñkÉkeTsmYy. TI 3 eyIgGacerobcMCalkçNHcMruH EdlmanRbFanmñak; kan;kab;muxgareRcInEpñk dUcCaEpñkbuKÁlwk Bt’man eXasna Epnkar nigRbtibtþikarCaedIm. 1-erobcMEbgEckmuxgar (Function Organization) karerobcMEbgEcktammuxgar mansar³sMxan;Nas; edIm,IeGayGgÁkardwknaMGacdMeNIrkareTA)anelOn nigmanRbsiTi§PaBx<s;kñúgkargar. smaCikeFIVkic©kartamÉkeTs nigeTBekaslürbs;eKerog²xøÜn. karerobcMrebobenH GaceFIVeGayTinñplkargarTTYl)anplx<s;. eyIgRtUvEbgEckmuxgartamkic©karrdæ)al EdlmanRbFan GnuRbFan elxa EpñkRKb;RKgFnFanmnusS ¬sißti¦EpñkBt’man EpñkEpnkar EpñkesIubGegát EpñkcitþsaRsþ Epñkneya)ay nigEpñkviecäTkmμ.l. EpñkTaMgGs;GacerobcMtaMgBIfñak;elIdl;fñak;eRkam ¬fñak;mUldæan¦. 2-erobcMtamPUmisaRsþ (Geographic organization) karerobcMEbgEcktamPUmisaRsþenH KWeyIgEbkEckGñkTTYlbnÞúk GñkTTYlxusRtUv tamEpñkTItaMgnImYy² dUcCa fñak;PUmiPaK tMbn; extþ Rsuk XMu nigPUmiCaedIm. ]TahrN_ enARbeTsExμr eyIgmancMnYn 20extþ nig4Rkug. dUcenH eyIgRtUverobcMeGaymanGñkTTYlxusRtUvtamextþRkugnImYy² cab;taMgBIfñak;extþrhUtdl;fñak;mUldæan PUmi XMu. GñkTTYlxusRtUvcaM)ac;RtUvmansmtßPaBx<s;. 3-erobcMkarEbgEcktamRbePTRbCaBlrdæ ( Kinds of Citizens) karerobcMtamRbePTRbCaBlrdæenH KWeyIgRtUverobcMtamRbePTTaMgGs;BIRKb;RsTab;kñúgsgÁm. dUcCa Epñkksikr BaNiC¢kr Tahan b:UlIs nisSit RKUbeRgon kmμkr shCIB m:UtUDub .l.kñúgcMeNamBlrdæTaMgGs;enH eyIgRtUverobcMeGaymanrcnasm<½n nigRbB½n§kargarRtwmRtUv KWmanGñkTTYlxusRtUvmñak;kñúgcMeNamEpñknImYy².II.karerobcMbNþaj (Networks Organizing) 1-erobcMKMeragbNþaj (Design the Intelligences Plan) kñúgkarerobcMKMeragbNþaj KWdUcCaerobcMKMeragepSg²Edr. mundMbUgeyIgRtUveFIVkarsikSaelIeKaledA EdlRtUverobcMelIEpnTIeGay)anl¥itl¥n;sin eTIbeyIgykKMeragEdlsikSaenaH eTAerobcMelIeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 28 rkSasiTi§

taragpÞal;. eyIgRtUvemIleKaledA FnFan mnusS viFIsaRsþ bec©keTskñúgkarerobcM nigryHeBlEdlRbtibtiþkar eRkaymkeyIgvaytMélelIlT§plGtibrma EdlGgÁkarneya)ayeyIgGacTTYl)anetIGviC¢man b¤plRbeyaCn_viC¢man. 2-eKaledAbNþaj (Objective of Intelligences) eKaledAénkarerobcMbNþajrbs;eyIg KWeyIgRtUvEsVgrksmaCikfIμ² BRgIksmaCikrbs;eyIgenAkñúgRbeTsExμr b¤ExμrenAbreTseGaykan;EteRcIn edIm,IeFIVkic©karsMrab;rMedaHRbeTsCatiExμr eGaysMerceCaKC½y. cMeBaHsmaCikenAkñúgRbeTsExμrvij eyIgRtUvEbgEckCaPUmisaRsþ tamextþ Rkug RsukXMu PUmi b¤tamEpñkepSg²énRbCaBlrdæ ¬RbCasaRsþ¦ dUc)anerobrab;xagelI. smaCikEdleyIgerIsmkerobcMCabNþajrbs;eyIg RtUvGnuvtþtameKalkarN_eRCIserIssmaCikrbs;GgÁkarneya)ay eyIgedayFanafaBYkeKyl;dwgGMBIeKalbMNg TisedA nigeKalkarN_epSg²c,as;las;. bnÞab;mkBYkeKGaceFIVkarya:gskmμbMput edIm,Ibgðaj bkRsay eXasna nigeqøIytbcMeBaHRbCaBlrdæ nigKUrRbkYtRbECgeGaymanRbsiT§PaB. Rbtikmcμ MeBaHmCÄdæanepSg² bMPøWeGayBYkeKyl;kan;Etc,as;GMBIeRKaHfñak;rbs;RbeTsCati. eyIgRtUvCMrujelIkTwkcitþRbCaBlrdæExμr eGaycUlrYmkan;EteRcIn.smaCikbNþajTaMgGs;RtUvyl;dwgGMBIParkic©erogxønÜ ² faetIxøÜnRtUveFIVGIVxøH? eyIgCaeXasnikRtUvRbmUlBt’man EckcayÉksareXasna eXasna ¬tamRKb;rUbPaB¦ dl;RbCaBlrdæExμr edIm,IeGayGgÁkarneya)ayeyIgrIkcMerIneTARKb;mCÄdæan. 3-yuT§saRsþbNþaj (Strategy of Intelligence ) eyIgGacerobcMbNþajeGay)anTUTaMgRbeTs nigRKb;TIkEnøgenAkñúgRbeTsExμr b¤ enAbreTs .eyIgGacerobcMbNþajkñúgCYrbs;KUrRbkYtRbECgeyIg tamsßab½nepSg². karerobcMbNþajenH edIm,IeGayBYkeKxitxMCYyeFIVkar RbwgERbgelIksÞÜyGgÁkardwknaMneya)ayeyIg eGaysMerceCaKC½ykñúgkic©karCYyrMedaH karBarCatiExμreGayrYcputBIkNþab;édkumúμynisþyYn nigrbbkumμúynisþ h‘un Esn .eyIgRtUverobcMCaExSbeNþay nigExSTTwg. b:uEnþ eFIVya:gNa minGnuBaØateGaybNþajnImYy² sÁal;KñaCadac;xat. buKÁlmñak;GacerobcMmnusSrab;Ban;nak;tamlT§PaBEdlxøÜneFIV)an b:uEnþRtUveFIVpÞal;mñak;eTAmñak;b:ueNÑaH minGnuBaØateGaysÁal;mnusSTI 3 eT. ]TahrN_fa buKÁl k eTAerIsbuKÁl x eFIVCabNþaj . cMENkbuKÁl x eTAerIsbuKÁl KehtudUecñHehIybuKÁl k nigbuKÁl K minGnuBaØateGaysÁal;KñaeT. buKÁl k eTAerIsbuKÁl cCabNþajeTot EtminRtUveGaybuKÁl x nig c sÁal;KñadUcKñaEdr. RtUvcaMfabuKÁl x nigbuKÁl cminRtUvcaM)ac;R)ab;buKÁl K nig q famanbuKlÁ k Caem b¤ RkumkargareLIy. KWmann½yfaeyIgGnuvtþtKñaCaExñgrhUtdl;eRkam.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 29 rkSasiTi§

4-rcnasm<½n§bNþaj (Structure of Intelligence) rcnasm<½n§bNþaj KWeyIgeFIVya:gNaeGaymanPaBsVahab; nigrs;revIk. eyIgerobcMeGaymanPñak;garbNþajnImYy² sÁal;c,as;GMBIeKaledA tYrnaTI nigParHkic©rbs;xøÜn. BYkeKRtUvmansmtßPaBdUc²Kña. eyIgGacerobcMbNþajtamEpñknImYy²énRbCaBlrdæExμr bNþajTI1 eyIgRtUvmanembNþaj RBHsgÇ Tahan b:UlIs RKUbeRgon kmμkr kmμkarnI yuvCn yuvnarI nisSit ¬Rbus RsI¦nig RbCaBlrdæExμrTUeTA. TI2 eyIgRtUverobcMsmaCiktamPUmisaRsþenAkñúgRbeTsExμr dUcCaPUmiPaKextþRkug rhUtdl;PUmiCaedIm. vaGacmanembNþajtambNþaRbeTsnImYy²enAeRkARbeTs. TI3eyIgbegáItembNþajtamParHkic© nigtYnaTImYy² Pñak;garBt’man carkmμ Pñak;garsÞÜn Pñak;garBiessnigRkumRbqaMgecjmuxCaedIm. TI4 eyIgGaceRbIviFIcMruHbBa©ÚlKñaEtmþg tamPUmisaRsþnImYy² embNþajmYyRtUvemIlkarxusRtUveRcInmuxgarepSg²Kña. 5-TMhMbNþaj (Scope of Intelligence) bNþajeyIgRtUvkMNt;ykRtwm 24extþRkug tamry³TItaMgPUmisaRsþ nigtamlkçN³RbCasaRsþtamEpñknImYy² dUcCa nisSit RBHsgÇ kmμkr m:UtUDub RKUbeRgon RbCaBlrdæ b:UlIs TahanRKb;extþRkugTUTaMgRbeTs. eyIgGacerobcMbNþajecjBIRKb;KNbkSneya)ay.l. 6-karTUTat;eGaybNþaj (Compensation for Intelligences) eRkayBIkareRCIserIsmkeFIVCabNþajeGayeyIgehIy eyIgRtUvKitKUrelIkTwkcitþbNþajEdlCasmaCikneya)ayeyIg edIm,IeGayBYkeKxitxMeFIVkarrhUt)andl;eCaKC½y dUcCakarpþl;CaR)ak;ExR)ak;]btßmÖ R)ak;ebskkmμ nigrgVan;elIkTwkcitþepSg²eTAtamtMrvU karrbs;BYkeK eFIVya:gNaedIm,IeGaykargarkan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB nigmanTinñplx<s;. 7-eRCIserIsembNþaj (Selecting The Chief of Intelligence) karsMraMgeRCIserIsembNþajEdlmanRbsiTi§PaBkñúgkargarmansarHsMxan;Nas; edIm,IeGaykargarmankarrIkcMerInlUtlas;. eyIgGaceFIVeLIgtamryHkare)aHeqñat b¤karvaytMélecjBI 6mCÄdæan. sMxan;eyIgRtUveRCIserIsyksmaCik EdlmanlkçN³CaemdwknaM b¤eyIgeRCIserIstameKalkarN_dwknaMrbs;GgÁkarneya)ayeyIg. smaCikenaHya:gehacNas; RtUvbBa©b;briBaØab½Rt b¤kMBugeronbnþ mancMeNHPasabreTs ¬Gg;eKøs¦ mancMeNHxagbec©kviTüa kuMBüÚT½rCaedIm. embNþajnImYy² dac;xatminRtUveFIVeGayGñkeRkambgÁab;s¥b; edaysarcMNucexSayepSg² dUcCaelaPln;buNüs½ká GMNac elμaP RsI Rsa nigEl,gCaedIm. ebIembNþajenaHKμanRbCaRbiy mann½yfaembNþajenaH minGacdwknaMRbCaBlrdæ)aneLIy ehIyGgÁkarneya)ayeyIgminGacTTYl)aneCaKC½yEdr.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 30 rkSasiTi§

8-hwVkhat;embNþaj (Training for the Chief of Intelligence) karhVwkhat;embNþajenH eyIgRtUveFIVyag: NaeGayembNþajnImYy² manRbsiT§PaBkñúgkargar. embNþajnImYy²RtUVvEtCamnusSR)akdRbCanwgkargar esñhaCatiBit² nigCamnusSEdlTTYlxusRtUvx<s;kñúgkargar. BYkeKRtUvmanÉkeTskñúgkargareFIVCabNþaj PaBCaemdwknaM ÉkeTseXasna yl;dwgGMBIneya)ay nigyuT§saRsþepSg². CaBiess embNþajnImYy²RtUvsÁal;GMBIeKalkarN_ nigeKalneya)ayTaMgLayrbs;GgÁkarneya)ayCatiExμr. emdwknaMbNþajRtUvsÁal;GMBIcriklkçNH tMrUvkar TMenar bBaðaCaGTiPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæExμr nigcriklkçN³rbs;KUrRbkYtRbECg. emdwknaMbNþajRtUvEtykcitþTukdak;eFIVya:gNa edIm,IeGaykareXasnamanRbsiTi§PaBnigedIm,IeGaysmaCikrbs;xøÜnmanRbsiT§PaB nigKuNPaBkñúgkarGnuvtþkargar. emdwknMabNþajRtUvyl;GMBInitiviFIepSg² nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;xøÜn. Bt’manTan;eBlevla nigc,as;las; CaktþamYyGacnaMeTArkeCaKC½ypgEdr. 9-elIkTwkcitþembNþaj (Motivating the Intelligences) karelIkTwkcitþbuKÁlikCaktþasMxan;Nas; EdlnaMeGaysmaCikxitxMRbwgERbgeFIVkar edIm,IeKalbMNgrYmrbs;GgÁkarneya)ay. kalebIsmaCikxitxMRbwgERbg ebþCaJcitþTaMgGs;Kña eFIVkarsMrab;eKalbMNgrYm kargarenaHBitCasMerceCaKC½y)an. eyIgeRbobRbdUckILakr)al;Tat; EdleKxitxMelgTaMGs;Kña edIm,ITat;bBa©ÚlTIya:gdUecñaHEdr. eyIgRtUvRbKl;rgVan;GIV Edlsmnwgsñaédrbs;eKeFIVeGaysmaCikeBjcitþnigkargar ritEtxitxMRbwgERbgeFIVkic©kareTVreLIg. 10-vaytMélbNþaj (Evaluating the Intelligences) karvaytMéleTA)an eyIgRtUvBinitüemIltamRbPBBt’manEdlTTYl)an dUcCa r)aykarN_rbs;Pñak;gar karGegátpÞal; karvayRbharriHKn;epSg²rbs;RbCaBlrdæ nig KUrRbkYtRbECg sgÁmsIuvilkarsÞg;mti snÞnapÞal;CamYyembNþajnImYy² nigkarRbCMubUksrubkargarCaedIm. etIeyIgRtUvvaytMéleTAelIGIVxøH?eyIgRtUvvaytMélelIkarKaMRTrbs;RbCaBlrdæ kareRboeFobrvagRbsiT§PaBbNþajnImYy² kareRbobeFobcMnYnKaMRTBIGtItkal nigbcúb© ,nñkal. karvaytMéleTAelIkarcMNayeXasnacMnYnGñkKaMRT GñkKaMRTfμI² kar)at;bg;GñkKaMRT.l. 11-begáInRbsiT§PaBbNþaj (Capacity Building of Intelligence) begIánRbsiTi§PaBbNþaj CaktþamYycaM)ac; edIm,IeGaysMerceCaKC½ydl;eKaledA kargarnwgmanRbsiT§PaB nig)anplx<s;. eyIgRtUvpþl;»kasdl;bNþaj RtUvEtbNþúHbNþalBYkeK tamry³kareFIVsikçasila pþl;»kassikSabEnßmTaMgcMeNHbec©keTs nigbec©kviTüa. eyIgpþ;l;ÉksarRsavRCavelIkTwkcitþeGaymankarsikSaRsavRCavedayxøÜnÉg RsavRCavtambNþal½y karGanesovePAedayeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 31 rkSasiTi§

xøÜnÉg sþab;viTüú GIuntaENtCaedIm. enAkEnøgeFIVkarmankarEst TUrTsSn_ b¤viTüú sMrab;begáIncMeNHdwgfμI². 12-karhwVkhat;PaBCaGñkeFIVbNþaj (Training the Intelligences) eRkayBIcUlCasmaCikrbs;bNþajénGgÁkarneya)ayeyIg smaCikTaMgGs;RtUvhwVkhat;eGayecHGMBIbec©keTs nigyuT§viFIrbs;bNþaj RBmTaMgcMeNHepSg²eTotTak;TgnwgkargareyIg. karbNþúHbNþalEckecjCa 3 dMNak;kal. dMNak;kalTI 1 eyIgRtUvbNþúHbNþalbNþajeGayecHGMBIcMeNHviC¢aEdleyIgeFIVkar edIm,IrMedaHRbeTseGayÉkraCü muxviC¢aTaMgenaH manyuT§saRsþ nigyuT§viFIPaBCaGñkdwknaM neya)ay eXasna nigkarerobcMepSg². dMNak;kalTI 2 eyIgRtUvbNþúHbNþalsmaCik GMBIrdæ)aldwknaM sMrab;eBlEdleyIgdwgnaMRbeTs manRbB½n§rdæ)al c,ab;TMlab;epSg².dMNak;karkargar eyIgGacbNþúHbNþalkñúgRbeTs nigeRkARbeTs. dMNak;TI3 eyIgRtUvbBa¢ÚnsmaCiksMxan;² eTAbNþúHbNþaltambNþaRbeTsmhaGMNacesrI dUcCashrdæGaemrik Gg;eKøs Cb:unkUer:xagt,Úg nig GURsþalI CaedIm. 13-ÉkeTscrcar (Negotiation Skills) karcrcarenH ekIteLIgenAeBlGgÁkarneya)ayepSg² cg;cUlrYmCamYynigGgÁkarneya)ayeyIg Edlmancab;BI 2PaKI b¤eRcInPaKIeLIgeTA b¤eBlEdleFIVkic©snüa cuHhtßelxaelIsni§sBaØaepSg²kareFIVsmahrNkmμ ¬kardak;bBa©ÚlKña¦CaedIm. karcrcarenH manlkçN³Biess dUcteTA ³ RtUvmanPaKIya:gehacNas; cab;BI 2 eLIgeTA PaKIEdlmanCemøaHplRbeyaCn_ b¤bBaðaeRcIn enAeBlEdlccar GñkcrcarRtUveRbIsmtßPaB nigbec©keTsepSg² edIm,IsMerc eKaledArbs;xøÜn eKalkarN_ énkarcrcar (Principles of Negotiation) 1-EjkmnusSecjBIbBaða ¬kMuKitGMBIbBaðabuKÁl b¤buKÁliklkçNHbuKÁl EtelIkCabBaða b¤ epþatelIedaHRsaybBaða¦. 2-epþatelIplRbeyaCn_rbs;Cati b¤ GgÁkarneya)ayeyIg minEmnepþatelI GMNactMENgeT. 3-begIátCMerIssMrab;plcMeNjeTAvijeTAmk ¬QñHTaMgsgxag b¤cMeNj TaMgsgxag¦. 4-BiPakSasMeNI eGaycMlkçxNÐeKaledAeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 32 rkSasiTi§

14-CMnajbegáItTMnak;TMng (Communication Skill) karTMnak;TMngedIm,IeGaymansmaCikfμI CaktþasMxan;Nas; sMrab;eXasnik eyIgRtUveFIVkarTMnak;TMng RKb;mCÄdæan Edl)anerobrab;xagelI edIm,IBRgIkskmμPaBkargar edayeyIgbegIát»kasTMnak;TMng tameTBekaslü nigkarbiunRbsBVrbs;xøÜn. ebITMBk;mineTA eBñAmin RCuHeLIy. enHCaBaküTMnak;TMngmYyrbs;PasitExμrsMrab;ykmkBicarNa. ebIeyIgmineFIVkar Tak;TgeTAmnusSepSgeToteFIVdUcemþceTIbeKsÁal;eyIg b¤eyIgGacsÁal;eK . RbsiT§PaBénTMnak;TMng RtUvecHCYyykGasarepSg²dl;RbCaBlrdæ nigbuKÁld_éTeTot. eyIgRtUvsÁal;eQμaH nigTIkEnøgGñkEdlTMnak;TMngeGayc,as;las;. eyIgRtUvykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHbBaðaepSg² minelIktMekIg GYtxøÜnÉg ehIybnþúHbn¥ab;Gñkd¾éT nigemIlgayGñkd¾éT RtUvdak;xøÜnsamBaØeGayTabesIμnigGñkEdleyIgTMnak;TMng ¬sMrbtamsßankarN_¦ kMuniyayBIbBaðarbs;xøÜnÉgR)ab;eK enHCaerOgminl¥eT eKmincg;sþab;erOgeyIgeTEteKcg;sþab;erOgrbs;eK.l.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 33 rkSasiTi§

Gnuvtþn_ (Implementing)I.TTYlsÁal; nig kMNt;bBaða (Recognize and Remark Issues)munnigeyIgelIkykRbFanbTmYyykmkeXasna eXasnikRtUvkMNt;bBaðaeGay)anc,as;las; eBalKWbBaðaEdlsMxan;CageK manGaTiPaBbMput Cab£sKl;énbBaða b£CabBaðaekIteLIgfμI².kalNaeyIg kMNt;bBaða)anc,as;las;ehIy eTIbeyIgelIkykRbFanbTEdlTak;TgnigbBaðaenaHykmk eFIVkaredaHRsaytamviFisaRsþ rUbmnþRtwmRtUv b¤eXasnatamEpnkarEdl)aneRKagTuk.II.vaytMélkMritGgÁkarneya)ay (Evaluate the level of Political Organization) karvaytMélkMritGgÁkardwknaMrbs;GgÁkarneya)aymYyEckecjCa 3 Epñk. EpñkTI1eKGacvaytMéleTAelIEpñkyuT§saRsþ TI2 EpñkRbtibtþikar nigTI3 Epñkbec©keTs. dUecñHedIm,IeGaymanRbsiTi§PaB nigQaneTArkeCaKC½y eyIgRtUveFIVkareRbobeFobcMNucTaMg 3 xagelIenHCamYyKUrRbkYtRbECgeyIg ebIeyIgmaneRbobcMNucTaMg3EpñkenH eTIbeyIgQñH. mann½yfamuneyIgcab;epþImGnuvtþn_Epnkarrbs;eyIg eyIgRtUveRbobeFobxøÜneyIgCamYysRtUvsin ebIeyIgemIleXIjfaQñH eTIbeyIgGnuvtþn_. Etminmann½yfa sRtUvmankmøaMgeRcIn b¤maneRbobelIeyIgRKb;ya:geyIgGacsnñidæanfa sRtUvGacxøaMg b¤eyIgminGacykC½yCMnHenaHeT ktþasMxan; KW ÉkeTs nigvin½yrbs;kmøaMgeyIg eFIVkarvaylukcMNucsøab;rs;rbs;sRtUv eyIgk¾GacQñH)anEdr. eyIgRtUveRbIyuT§viFI b¤GVIEdlsRtUvnwksμanmindl;.]TahrN_ enAsRgÁamelakelIkTI2 kgT½BCb:unratt,atBaseBjBiPBelak esÞIEtTTYl)anC½yCMnH RtYtRtaBiPBelakeTAehIy EtshrdæGaemrikeRbIRKab;brmaNUEt2RKab; GacbBa©b;sRgÁamnigQñHCb:un)an enHCayuT§saRsþ EdlCb:unnwksμanmindl;fa shrdæGaemrikmanRKab;brmaNNUTIbMputCb:uncaj;sRgÁameTA.III.GnuvtþviFIsaRsþeXasna (Implementing the Propaganda Method)1-citþsaRsþTUeTA (General Pshchology)CacMNucsMxan;bMputsMrab;sßanPaBneya)ayenAkñúgRbeTsExμrbc©úb,nñ. GñkeXasnaRtUveFIVtamrebobcitþsaRsþsMrab;sßanPaBRbCaBlrdæExμrbc©úb,nñ. GñkeXasnaminRtUveFIVeGayRbCaBlrdæs¥b;eLIy. eyIgerobcMxøÜneGayéføfñÚr mansIlFm’ KuNFm’ sb,urs esμaHRtg; køahan edIm,IeGayRbCaBlrdæExμrRsLaj;eyIgCamunsin. cMNucepSgeTot EdlRbCaBlrdæExμrRsLaj;enaH KWeyIgRtUvsÁal;GMBITMenomTMlab;RbéBNIrbs;Exrμ tamtMbn;nImYy² suCIvFm’l¥ »nlMeTan CMrabsYr GrKuNsMueTas nigCYyral;kic©karEdlRbCaBlrdæExμrRtUvkarCMnYy minRbkan;xøÜnvayb¤k eTaHCakic©kartUcb¤FMeLIy. eyIgRtUvsÁal;GMBITMenar nigkaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaBlrdædl;kMritNa dUecñH eBlEdleXasnaeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 34 rkSasiTi§

Bnül; eyIgRtUvelIkbBaða BaküeBcn_ GIVEdlKat;yl; cMnigkic©kargarrbs;Kat;. eyIgGacelIkykmkCECkKñaelg manlkçN³samBaØ Etmann½y skmμ rs;revIk nigcab;GarmμN_. cMNucEdlmanRbsiT§PaBbMput KWeyIgminRtUvR)ab;fa xøÜneyIgCabuKÁlwkneya)ayNamYyeLIy eyIgRtUvniyayfaCanisSit b¤GñkeFIVkargareRkArdæPi)al b¤kñúgnamCaCatiExrμ mñak; EdlmankarxVayxVl;GMBIGayuCivitRbeTsCati. eyIgeFVIdUcenH edIm,IrkSaRbCaRbiyPaB BIeRBaHRbCaBlrdæExμr Kat;xøacBaküfaneya)ay eRBaHKat;min)anyl;dwgeRCARCHGMBIneya)ayeLIy. 2-sRgÁamcitþsaRsþ b¤ citþsaRsþneya)ay (Political Psychology) eXasnikRtUvelIkykbBaðasgÁm EdlkMBugRbQmmxu cMeBaHRbCaBlrdæral;éf¶ GIVEdlb:HBal;dl;plRbeyaCn_rbs;RbCaBlrdæ dUcCakarrMelaPdIFøI CiHCan;eLIg edayBYkGñkmanGMNac nigBYkyYnenAkñúgrbbkumμúynisþ h‘un Esn. eyIgRtUvvaylukcMcMNucexSayrbs;sRtUv bMEbkcMNucxøaMgrbs;sRtUveGayexSay. eyIgRtUvelIkGMBIcMNucGsmtßPaBrbs;BYkyYn nig h‘un Esn EdlminGacedaHRsaybBaðaCUnRbCaBlrdæ ehIymanEtkarCiHCan; eFVI)ab eRkamelsfa vinieyaK nig GPivDÆn_.ebIsinCaeyIgdwgfa Gñksþab;cg;sþab;GMBIGIV eyIgRtUvelIkbBaðaenaHmkeXasna b¤CECk CaBiessniyayeGaycMbBaðaGñksþab;. ]TahrN_ dUcCabBaðaral;éf¶EdlkMBugekItmankñúgRbeTsExμreyIg manCnGenþaRbevsnyYnGMeBIBukrlYy rwbGUsykdIFøI RkIRk GyutiþFm’ R)ak;Extic RBMEdn GtiprNa nigTMnijeLIgéføCaedIm . ´sUmelIykbTBiesaFn_rbs;nayTahan Edl)aneTAeronenARbeTsma:eLsIu éf¶mYynayTahanRbmaN60nak;kMBughVwkhVWnGs;ryHeBlCag3ExehIy. elakRKUemIleXIjcitþsaRsþ TahanTaMgGs; cg;vilRtLb;mkpÞHvij ehtudUecñHehIy elakRKUk¾R)ab;kUnsisSeGayerobcM\va:n; edIm,IeRtomeLIgynþehaH RtLb;mkpÞHvijenAéf¶Es¥k. eBlenaHRsab;Et kUnsisS)anniyaypþaMepIJr KñaedaycitþrMePIb xøHsresrsMbuRt edIm,IepIJeTARkumRKYsar edayKitfaCaerOgBit. EteBlEs¥keLIgmñak;²eRtom\va:n;rYcGs;ehIy Rsab;Etdl;eBlmkdl;salaeron elakRKUcab;epþImniyayfa etIerobcM\va:n;eTANa eBlenaHTahan)aneqIøytamdUcRKUniyay. eTIbRKUeqøIyfa minEmneT enHehIy KWemeronsRgÁamcitþsaRsþ. 3-sRgÁamneya)ay (Political War) sRgÁamneya)ay KWCakarRbqaMgnigKMnitneya)ayrbs;GgÁkarneya)ayNamYy edaymanehtuplepSg²Kña. ]TahrN_ KNbkSRbCaCnelIkeLIgfa 7 mkra 1979 Caéf¶rMedaHRbCaBlrdæExμreGaymanCIviteLIgvij. cMENkmtixøHeTotfa 7 mkra 1979 CakarQøanBanrbs;yYn EdlrMelaPbøn;ykRTBüsm,tþi nigTwkdIExμr. KNbkSRbCaCnEtgEtelIkykrbbb:ul Bt ykmkniyayedIm,IdutkMhwgdl;RbCaBlrdæExμr eGaycgkMhwgnwgExμrKñaÉg edim,IeGayExμrEbk)ak;Kña EtdwgKuNyYn.eroberog eday s FmμrgSI 35 rkSasiTi§

cMENkGgÁkarneya)ayepSg eKelIkeLIgfa ebIKμanéf¶ 17 emsa 1975 Caéf¶eCaKC½yrbs;kumúμynisþEdldwknaMedayyYn ehIyyYnelIkGMNaceGay sIhnu nigExμrEdlyYn)anbNþúHmenaKmn_neya)ayedIm,IsMercEpnkarRbl½yBUCsasn_Exμr ehIyk_Kμan 7 mkra 1979 eT. xageRkamenH KWCa]TahrN_GMBIsRgÁamneya)ay EdlniyayGMBIEpnkaryYntaMgBIGtItkalmkdl;bc©úb,nñ. edaysarEtPaBl¶g;exøArbs;emdwknaMExμr EdlKitEtplRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜn GMNacbuNüs½kálaPskáar³ nigbkSBYkniym )anbENþtbeNþayeGayRbeTsCatiFøak;dundabkñúgePIøgs®gÁamvinashinehac exøacpSar eRkaml,icklyYn. RbeTsExμrnwgGacQaneTArkkar)at;bg;TwkdI rlayBUCsasn_ naeBlGnaKtd¾xøIxagmux tamneya)ayRtCak;yYnEdlkMBugeRbI h‘un Esn eGaysmøab;CatiExμrsBVéf¶enH. EpnkarenH dUcEpnkaryYnbMP½nþsmøab;ExμrkñúgrbbExμrRkhm nigrbbrdækm<uúCaknøgmk. Epnkar EdlyYn)anGnuvtþ cMeBaHRbeTsExμrmandUcxageRkam ³ 1-EpnkaryYnbeBaäHs®gÁamsmøab;ExμrenA\NÐÚcin 2-EpnkaryYnsmøab;ExμredaymenaKmn_kñúgrbbExμrRkhm BIqñaM1975 eTA qñaM1979 3-EpnkaryYnsmøab;Exμrkñúgrbb ehg sMrin h‘un Esn BIqñaM1979 eTA qñaM 1993 4-EpnkaryYneRbI h‘un Esn smøab;ExμrkñúgrbbRBHraCaNacRkEkøgkøayBIqñaM1993 rhUtmkdl; sBVéf¶enHman 3 sMxan;²³ k-yYnsmøab;Epñkesdækic© KWeFIVeGayRbCaBlrdæExμr RkIRk Gt;Xøan rhUtdl;søab;. x-yYnsmøab;EpñkKMnit nig sμartI KWeFIVeGayRbCaBlrdæExμr l¶g;exøA KμanKMnitCati niym xøac )ak;s,at Gs;sgwÇmkñúgkarrs;enA eRbobdUcCakEgábenAkñúgGNþÚgtam karbMBak; bMb:nmenaKmviC¢ayYn. K-smøab;CivitExμr tamrebobRbeyalfμI. 1-EpnkaryYnbeBaäHs®gÁamsmøab;ExμrenA\NÐÚcin cab;BIqñaM1920 yYn)anerobcMEpnkaredIm,IelbykTwkdIExμr dMbUgeLIyyYn)anbegIátbkSkumuμúynisþ evotNam ehIyeRkaymkeTotyYn)anbegIátshB½n§\NÐÚcin EdlmanRbeTs Exμr evotNamLav enAqñaM 1930 edIm,IBRgIk\Ti§BlkumμúynisþenAtMbn;\NÐÚcin. bnÞab;mk yYn)andeNþImykTwkdIkm<úCaeRkam enAqñaM 1949 taml,icklrbs;BYkeK EdleFIVeGay)araMgkat;TwkdIExμreRkamcMnYn 21extþ eGayyYnkñúg raCü esþc sIhnu CaGñkRKgraCüenARbeTsExμr. eRkayBIyYn)ansMercyk)anTwkdIkm<úCaeRkam)anehIy yYn)anbnþEpnkarelbykTwkdIExμrsBVéf¶enHbnþeTot. enAqñaM1950 yYn)ancab;ykkUnekμgExrμ tUc² eTAbMBak;bMb:nmenaKmviC¢acMnYn4000 nak; edIm,ImkbMeBjEpnkarsm½yExμrRkhm eGaysmøab;Exμr bMP½nþmtiCati nigGnþrCatieGayyl;RcLMfa Exμrsmøab;Exμr. eRkaymk yYn)anbeBaäHs®gÁam\NÐÚcinpÞúHeLIg edIm,Irujs®gÁameroberog eday s FmμrgSI 36 rkSasiTi§

enaHeGayFøak;mkelIRbeTsExμr bgávinaskmμy:agF¶n;F¶rdl;RbCaBlrdæExμr eFIVeGayRbCaBlrdæExrμsøÚtRtg;)ansøab;Gs; cMnYn 600 000 nak; kñúgs®gÁam rvageyokNamxageCIg nigeyokNamxagt,Úg. enAeBlenaH yYnxageCIg)aneFIVs®gÁamCamYyyYnxagt,Úg TwsedArbs;vaKWEtmYydUcKñasMedAmkelbykTwkdIkm<úCasBVéf¶. yYn)aneRbIl,ice)akR)as; esþcsIhnu sMudak;mUldæanT½BeyokkugenAtambeNþay RBMEdnExμr kñúgextþ 5 KWextþrtn³KIrI mNÐlKIrI RkecH kMBg;cam sVayerognigdwkGavuFes,og tamRckRkugRBHsIhnu katt; amkMBg;s<W rhUtdl;extþkMBt edIm,IeFIVs®gÁamenAelITwkdIExrμ bNþaleGayRbeTsExμr)at;bg;GBüaRkitüPaB GFibetyüPaB nigsniþPaB . yYn)ane)akemdwknaMExμrfa RbqaMgnwgGaemrikkaMg EttamkarBit KWyYneFIVsRgÁamenHedIm,IQøanBanykTwkdIExμreT. yYnxageCIgKaMRTeday esþc sIhnu nigyYnxagt,ÚgKaMRTeday shrdæGaemrik. shrdæGaemrikmin)anmkdak;GaNaniKmn_ nigQøanBanRbeTsExμrmuneT EtyYnxageCIgnigyYnxagt,Úg eRbIl,iceFIVsRgÁam edIm,IvatTITwkdIb:ueNÑaH eRBaHyYnTaMgBIr)anrujsRgÁamenaHeGaymkFøak;elIRbeTsExμr. yYnxagt,ÚgvaylukcUlTwkdIExμr ÉyYnxageCIgeFIVcaj;cUlTwkdIExrμ eRCAeTA²Bak;kNþalRbeTsExμr eBlenaH esþc sIhnu EdlCYyeyokkug)anrt;ecjeTAeRkARbeTsminRBmedaHRsaybBaðayYneyokkugenABaseBjRbeTsExμreLIy. esþc sIhnu )aneFIVdMeNIrkMsanþCamYymehsImunInaf nigmþayekμk¬yYn¦eTA)araMgrhUtdl;éf¶rdæRbhar 18 mIna 1970. eRkaymkyYn)anvaylukkgT½B ln; nl; edayKμanRbkasdMNwgGIVeLIy bnÞab;mkkgT½B ln; nl; )anebIkRbtibtiþkaredjyYneyokkugenAkñúgTwkdIExμrEdleBlenaHeKniyayfa CasRgÁamsIuvileTAvij. cMENk esþc sIhnu )anBwgyYneGayvaykgT½BsaFarN³rdæExμr edIm,IykGMNacmkvij rhUt)aneCaKC½yenAéf¶ 17 emsa 1975eBlenaHehIyEdlsRgÁamevotNamxageCIg nigevotNamxagt,Úg RtUvbBa©b;enAéf¶TI 30 emsa1975 Edr. éf¶enH KWCaéf¶C½yCMnHrbs;yYn kñúgkarcUlQøanBansmøab;ExμrenArbbExμrRkhmedayyYn)anbMBak;C½yCMnHenH eTAeGayBYkExμrRkhmvij. yYn)anbMP½nþmtiCati nigGnþrCatifasRgÁamsIuvil KWsRgÁamrvagBYksaFarN³rdæ nigBYkExμrRkhmEdlman esþc sIhnu CaRbFan.EttamkarBitsRgÁamBIqñaM1970 mkenaH KWCasRgÁamrvagyYnnigExμr eBlenaHehIyEdl esþc sIhnucaj;e)akyYnmþgeTot eRBaHcg;)anraCüblø½gÁmkvij. esþc sIhnu )aneXasnaeGayExμrrt;cUléRBma:KI edIm,Ikab;smøab;Exrμ KñaÉg EtcMeNjyYneTAvij. Rtg;cMNucenHRtUvcaMfa KμanbreTsNaRsLaj;Exμr CaCagExμrRsLaj;ExμrxøÜnÉgeLIyehIyExμrminGacsmøab;Exrμ xøÜnÉg eTAdwgKuNyYnenaHeT. Rtg;cMNucenH eyIgRtUvBicarNaBakümenaKmn_yYnEdlniyayfa Exμrsmøab;Exμr KWeKalbMNgedIm,IbMP½nþfaéf¶ 7 mkra 1979 Caéf¶rMedaH.esþc sIhnu ykRbeTsExμrnigRbCaBlrdæExrμ CaEl,gneya)ay caj;e)akyYnKWTaMgyYnxageCIgnigyYnxagt,Úg edayyYnxageCIg vaeRbIcitþsaRsþRtCak; cMENkÉyYnxagt,Úg vaeRbIhigSaeroberog eday s FmμrgSI 37 rkSasiTi§

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