The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

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TOM SAWYER











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SAMUEL L. CLEMENS Clemens’ fame as a writer-is based mainiy on hi^storf&Tabout'the adven-\" tures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. These stories describe the kind of life Clemens knew as a boy growing up in Hannibal, Missouri. He was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835. His family moved to Hannibal four years later. ' loving boy, not fond of study, but active in as extremely poor. He was twelve years old hen apprenticed to a printer to help support he once wrote, “When I was a boy^there was upon the river, and he was so s,uIcfclerssefhulKinKgeftetisn!gBinktoS'tthoe’swpeantedr athUaht hileuhmade to be dragged out of it nine times before he was fifteen years old. At the age of twenty-two, Clemens achieved his great ambition. He appren- I'expei-ienc^IfjoywhiehfiHed me with the purest gratitude for I saw that the skin had begun to blister and peel off my face and neck. I wished that the boys and girls at home could see me now.” Clemens sailed the Mississippi River until the Civil War began. Then he went to Nevada with his brother. There he joined the staff of a npwanan*,. and wrote feature stories. One day, he told his editor, “I want articles. I want to sign them ‘Mark Twai signifying two fathoms-twelve feet. It has a nvuuvaa auuut iu; J was always a pleasant sound for a pilot to hear on a dark night; it meant safe waters.” Clemens moved to California in 1864, and continued writing under tha name of^Mark Twain. When he did not earn enough by writing, he began to A few years later, he joined a tour going to Europe. On his return, he wrote The InnocentsAbroad, tellingofhis adventures. Also, hemet and married Olivia Langdon, who was the sister of one of the tour members. .-In 1871, Cl»eJme’ n-s m•ov-ed-*to«H-»a•r-tford, ConnwecrtoicteutT. hTeheAydevaernstuinreHs aorftTfoormd he Pauper and The Adventures of \\Huckleberry Finn. Other bo siemens include Roughing It, Life on the Mississippi, A Conne. \" in King Arthur's Court, The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson an zollecUonsofJoanofArc. In his later years, Clemens wrote, lectured and visited abroad. He lost a fortune in a publishing investment, but regained it by a successful lecture tour around the world. He died in 1910, widely mourned and generally reeog- as America’s greatest humorist.



THE SEMINOLE CHIEF The young Seminole chief stood up, the army to meet with him in the drew his knife from its scabbard and swamp under a flag of truce. He drove the blade through the treaty, asked that the man come alone. pinning it to the table. “This is my signature!” he said, afigry. “I refuse The offer was accepted. But the to sign away the Seminoles’ inherit- terms of the truce were not honored. A United States general rode into to a strange land!” He strode out of the Seminole camp with a large num- the room, leaving behind him an as¬ ber of troops. They found Osceola tonished group of Seminole chiefs standing with several braves beneath, and army officers. * a huge white flag. Chief Osceola had been asked to The general ordered his men to: sign a treaty with the United States, dismount. Then he led them toward which several of*the older chiefs of Osceola. At a signal from the general, the Seminole nation had already the soldiers closed in on the Semi¬ signed. The/1835 treaty stated that noles. Osceola saw that resistance the Seminoles would sell their tradi¬ tional Florida homeland and move to death, he uttered no word of protest fcn Indian territory the government against this betrayal of the truce, had set up in what is now Oklahoma. even , though public opinion openly condemned it. Osceola’s refusal to move his people caused the United States to send Osceola was imprisoned in a dun¬ additional troops to deal with him. geon at Fort Moultrie, South Caro¬ Knowing that his small band of lina. Here, he contracted a fever. He Indians would be no match for the grew so weak that he was unable to troops, Osceola led the Seminoles talk. At one point, he seemed to know north to the vast Okefenokee Swamp that death was near. Osceola made on the Florida-Georgia border. From signs that.he wanted to see all the this hiding place, Osceola fought officers at the fort. He asked for his against the United States Army. full wa}.’ dress, some red paint and a Although he had only two hundred mirror. N^hen they were brought to braves, his brilliant strategy enabled him, he put on his war dress and him to keep eight thousand soldiers painted his face. He had finished by from capturing him. the time the officers arrived. Then Osceola rose, smiling, and reached The war dragged on. One day, forth his hand to bid each of his cap- Osceola sent word to the army that his people wapted peace, but that He was given fuH military honors they still would not leave their home¬ at his burial. land. He invited a representative of