The Economy, Mining Regulation & Policy Review on the collective aspirations and determination Development Strategies which are of Zimbabweans towards making the country the NDS1 (2021-2025) and the NDS an empowered upper middle income nation 2 (2026-2030) well according to the with more employment opportunities and Minister of Finance and Economic higher standards of living by 2030. The vision Development, Hon. Prof. M. Ncube. also aims among other things to increase the The Honorable Minster highlighted in gross national income (GNI per capita) which one of his presentations on the NDS1 is currently below $US 2000 to go beyond $US that there was progress made already 4000, reduce the current poverty rate, increase in the implementation of the TSP and the number of households accessing electricity this included the fiscal consolidation, from the 52.2 percent last recorded in 2017 to exchange rate stability and also a over 72 percent, improve the universal access to number of achievements had been made. improved sources of water to 90% in 2025 from The International Monetary Fund the 2020 77.3%, speed up the ongoing ease of forecasted the growth of Zimbabwean doing business reforms to reduce the cost of economy by 6% by the end of the year doing business and to put back Zimbabwe on 2021 and this growth was said to be the map through successful engagement and re- sorely dependent on the evolution of the engagement with the international community. current global pandemic, vaccination This vision will be will be attained through the programs and how the Zimbabwean Transitional Stabilization Programe (TSP) (2018- government implements its policies. 2020) and two successive Five-Year National “However, an economic recovery is the mine manager volume 1 | Page 51
The Economy, Mining Regulation & Policy Review underway in 2021, with real GDP no longer be bank charges on savings accounts expected to grow by about 6%, and fixed term deposits and the interest rate reflecting a bumper agricultural output, on savings accounts and fixed term deposits increased energy production, and the would be a minimum of 5% and 10% per annum resumption of greater manufacturing in $ZW respectively and a minimum of 1% and and construction activities,” the IMF 2.5% per annum in USD respectively. Earlier said in a statement that followed a this year the Governor revealed some policy virtual staff visit to Zimbabwe from measures for 2021 where cash withdrawal limits June 1-15 were increased to ZW$2,000 for individuals, Recently the governor of Zimbabwe, while limits for mobile banking transactions Hon Dr. John P. Mangudya through were unchanged at ZW$5,000 per transaction the RBZ announced in a press release and ZW$35,000 weekly. He also revealed plans that banking institutions will now be to introduce a new ZW$50 note in a bid to offering interest rates on deposits, smoothen the payment system. effective 1st of July 2021. There will The Governor also announced they were Page 52 | the mine manager volume 1
The Economy, Mining Regulation & Policy Review new measures in place to ensure the reduced. Amidst all this, the mining sector achievement of the envisaged growth of is emerging as the driver of growth in 7.4% in 2021 and that food production had this phase of the Zimbabwean economic increased due to a favorable agriculture recovery, notwithstanding the great potential season. There is need to support exports, of the agriculture sector has to turn around reduce imports and ease pressure on the the economy due to improved conditions fiscus. The anticipated strong balance of in the sector. These 2 sectors will be the payments position, is expected to assist in strong determinant of the pace of growth stabilizing the exchange rate and limiting of the Zimbabwean economy and their its pass-through effects to inflation. There stronger policies will ultimately have positive was a current account surplus of US$1.1 downstream effects on the manufacturing billion recorded in 2020 and the trend is sector, other sectors and on services. ■TMMM expected to continue in 2021. The annual $ZW and blended inflation is expected to end the year 2021 below 10%. The monthly inflation rate has been decreasing since the beginning of the year and was last recorded in May at 2.54% while the year on year irate is at 162%, a decrease from the previous 194%. The monetary policy is currently focused on stability of prices, exchange rates and the financial sector. Currently COVID-19 is weighing heavily on all sectors and worse now with the country back on lock down, the retail industry is affected mostly as their working hours have been the mine manager volume 1 | Page 53
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice Mine Manager Interview: Caston Musa Anglo-American Platinum Caston Musa Anglo-American Platinum Mine Manager Page 54 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice 1. What is your background and a structured development programme as a graduate trainee. The Learnership taught me experience in the Mining Industry? the importance of continuous development and sparked in me a quest for individual A request I made as part of a student society improvement and growth from then on. The leadership for a site visit to Madziwa Mine desire to remain relevant and make positive during 1986 and granted by then Mine contribution to my organisation and to the Manager, Vaughan Smith, was my first ever industry in general steered me towards underground and mine site visit. This visit seeking expanded roles and responsibilities. helped dispel many myths and fallacies, I had I sought to develop higher technical skills about the mining business. The exceptional and ventured into appreciating people related reception, we received as students, fired my soft skills. Equipped with undergraduate and resolve to find some niche within the industry. some post graduate qualifications, including in During the rest of my undergraduate years I business administration and a mine manager’s got much exposure to most of the major mines certificate competency, the knowledge so in Zimbabwe and received mentorship from gained helped me attain unique attributes some of the most amazing people, the mining required for one to thrive within the industry industry, in Zimbabwe, ever produced. Joining particularly in the face of many never-ending Anglo American gave me an opportunity for waves of ups and downs. Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe Working for a large corporate, with a diverse mining environment and applicable legal mineral portfolio, exposed me to many framework. Over the years my understanding different mineral commodities including of the connectedness of the mineral value working in exploration and on gold mines, chain and how various disciplines are knit chrome mines, coal mines, nickel mines, together to efficiently deliver stakeholder platinum operations and even some expectations have deepened. Such skills are industrial minerals. I gained insights into required in order to effectively contribute to different extraction methodologies, mineral safe production and to venture into sometimes processing technologies, the operating novel extraction processes for business growth or even survival. Whilst mining aims to delivery of essential raw materials for industry the mine manager volume 1 | Page 55
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice its ultimate goal is to improve quality of life. Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe Leadership at mine level is most intricate mostly shallow and relatively the Bushveld with the need to maintain links of the various geological complex of South Africa renders aspects of the value chain, ensuring that it relatively less costly to access and mine. people are always safe and free from harm Assuming current demand for PGMs persist and that communities are taken along in ever such a resources can sustain a 4 Moz annual endeavour, whilst operating within the legal PGM production for 100 years. The Great framework for the benefit of all stakeholders Dyke, in addition hosts approximately 10 billion for sustainability. tonnes of high grade chromitite resources occurring as narrow (10-25cm) seams. The 2. What is your assessment of the resource awaits the innovative development minerals business? of cost effective narrow seam mining method. The successful development and application Zimbabwe is endowed with many different of such equipment as the ultra-low profile mineral occurrence but by far the greatest of or the extra low profile machinery will result the known mineralisation is the world class, opening up this to become a leading world Great Dyke, which holds Platinum group class industry to an equal scale with the PGM metals (PGMs) estimated at 4 billion tonnes industry. resources. The resource attributes of being The gold deposits of Zimbabwe are associated with gold provinces, also known as the Archean Greenstone Belts. These gold belts Page 56 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice are widespread and cover approximately the Zimbabwean life and is well capable of 12% of all Zimbabwe’s 40 million hectares. sustaining many livelihoods, (both formal and Although the gold is hosted in difficult to follow informal) delivering anything between 50-100 hydrothermal deposits in shear zones, the tons per annum at peak performance. About Zimbabwean miner and prospector has from 6000 mines have declared gold production in ancient times developed and refined a skill to Zimbabwe although some duplication have sniff out these reefs. The immediate future of occurred due lost and rediscovered mines. gold production lies in heap leach operations which can treat near-surface oxidised Zimbabwe’s iron ores are typically the high- resources. It has been said that the typical grade haematite orebodies associated with red farming soils host up to 0.02g/t gold and the Bulawayan supergroup of the Archean could be heap leached to yield significant Greenstone belts. Vast resources occur at amounts of gold. Had it not been for the Buchwa Range, Redcliff, Mwenesi Range in conflict between farmers and the environment Chivhu, Nyuni in Masvingo, Hwedza, Black on the one hand and the fortune seeker on the Mamba in Kadoma and Iron Mask near Harare. other, these soils would have been targeted There are numerous pegmatite deposits on the for gold production. Some large anomalous basement complex which host many important shear zones lend themselves to large mining minerals such as lithium minerals, tungsten have seen good sized mines being developed mineral, tantalite, micas and beryl all await by large cooperates and medium scale investment and represent future growth. operators. The ubiquitous occurrence of gold, as oxides, as alluvium and in streams and Diamonds are most likely the mineral of rivers trap sites, brings with it administrative the future in Zimbabwe. Modest diamond nightmares as well as immense stakeholder production has been recorded since the first conflict which require resourcefulness to discovery of Somabula gravels in 1903. In resolve. This gold industry is inseparable to 2006 the Marange conglomerates which I Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe the mine manager volume 1 | Page 57
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice believe to be a result of release of these as oneself to peer and self-assessment. There terminal moraine during interglacial retreat. has never been a year in my career where I Diamondiferous kimberlites are likely to be have not taken some form of assessment concealed under the widespread quaternary be it a first aid practical assessment or the cover, the Karroo super group and so are also now trendy online training and assessments. some possible future PGMs, gold, copper, Assessment are a self-audit that gives any nickel cobalt and other deposits. manager the opportunity to evaluate oneself against ever improving standards and 3. What are your perspectives of ensure one contributes to make the world a the Association of Mine Managers better place for all. The Association of Mine of Zimbabwe? Managers plays a fundamental role, in that it enables bench-marking and provides a A Mine Manager has to be in continuous platform for cross-pollination of ideas. The development and should regularly subject Association is at the frontier of advancing knowledge and assist in the harnessing of technology and specialisation, for local sharing. The role of a Mine Manager carries Mine Managers at the Technical Visit,Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe Page 58 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice with it many formal responsibilities and hence positive influence to the school of mines, our can sometimes be a very stressful and a lonely universities, polytechnics and colleges place in the organisation. The Association of Mine Managers is a platform that offers 4. What do you feel the peer support and social interaction with, government’s role in the mining business partners, product developers and industry should be? even the academics. The AMMZ also develops solutions and modus operandi to be followed Government is a critical stakeholder in mining to resolves common problems, typical of the and its principal role is to ensure that mining mine environment. is undertaken in an environment that allows The AAMZ contributes in many way as a hub for talent development spreading its safe and sustainable extraction of minerals Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe for the benefit of humanity. Government should keep in check delinquent and errant to ensure that communities benefit from operations at the same time promoting the mining operations and that the mentoring mineral industry by creating an enabling platform industry opens up to new entries and environment. It should also promote synergies promote such development as equality and between different players and make ground responsible mining initiatives. Government can available to those wanting to take part and also support industry scale research, promote has not only the desire by the ability and mining related learning and assist in regional means. However it is the government’s role or global development of markets. the mine manager volume 1 | Page 59
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice 5. What do you see as AMMZ’s 6. Biggest highlights at Unki Mine strengths and weaknesses? a) Anglo American Applaud Awards The Association of Mine Managers greatest strength is its membership which boast of 2018 extensive and valued years of experience .Its membership is drawn from all commodities As part of Unki management we represented and is a repository of knowledge accumulated Platinum at the Anglo American Applaud over the years and because of the cumulative awards in Barcelona on 19 March 2019. The experiences and knowledge of its membership biggest highlight on the Anglo American it and association of greatest significance to calendar, the awards encourage and reward the Zimbabwe mining Industry. The AMMZ has excellence across the group amongst been instrumental the creation of mine related employees at all levels. It celebrates the most learning centres and in developing relevant outstanding achievements by teams across curricula for colleges and universities. The Anglo American and is an opportunity to AMMZ drives change particularly in advances recognize the best of the best. in safety and technology The AMMZ is With my colleagues Walter Nemasasi ( General affiliated to the chamber of mines and benefit Manager) , Wonder Farikai( Mine Manager) and from the chamber’s permanent secretariat for Emmanuel Katsande ( Process Manager) and some administrative input. myself (Technical Manager) we represented the Unki team at this international awards Page 60 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe ceremony and based on Unki achievements IRMA 75 level of performance. According to in the operational excellence and partnership IRMA this demonstrates that the mine meets category. Unki was awarded the accolades a core set of critical requirements with at based on creativity, dedication and the least 75% of the requirements in each of the diligence of its employees which resulted in a four sections of the Standard for Responsible sustained five-year production improvement Mining, covering Business Integrity, Planning with and significant financial performance. for positive legacies, Environment and Social performance. The process saw the Unki team Celebrating 2018 applauds award leading the herd as the first mine in Africa - Unki representative with Anglo and the first operation producing platinum American Executives group metals to complete the audit thereby reflecting and asserting Anglo American b) IMRA award commitment to transparency and to striving for the highest standards of responsible Unki was the first Mine in the world to mining. ■TMMM publicly commit itself to being independently audited against the Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance (IRMA) standard for responsible mining. As part of the Unki team, we were overjoyed by the achievement of the the mine manager volume 1 | Page 61
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice Smart Mining: Update your Strategic Thinking! Automation and Digital Transformation Adapated from the presentation by Chris Chindanya, at the AMMZ 2020 Global Virtual Conference Digital transformation is the better productivity for a mine site. Mining use of innovative and cutting- corporations emphasize on enhancing edge technologies in order to productivity by providing state-of-the-art run operations more efficiently, software & solutions. It also comprises of to manage risk, to improve health and remote-controlled robotic equipment for safety, reduce the cost of maintenance mineral & metal extraction, which is stated as and extraction, as well as bringing about a tele robotic mining, and decreases the danger skills uplift while on the other hand smart for miners. Smart mines are the future, all mining is a process that uses information, mines want to cut costs, increase productivity autonomy, and technology to obtain enhanced and, improve safety and smart mines safety, reduce operational costs, and gain come with these and numerous benefits, Page 62 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice from improving workforce safety, volatile transformation is not an easy process, it commodity prices, maturity of existing mines, has its own challenges as there will be need increased career options, less innovation to find the right management and ideas to barriers only to mention a few. initiate the change; definition of values of With the continuous change in times globally, innovation; leveraging data; adjusting to everything is evolving and now the focus technological changes; meeting customer on technology has risen to the top. Almost expectation/ consumer desires, and also everything in the world is transforming tracking outcomes. It is clear that all through digitally and the mining industry is undergoing these five domains, digital technologies are a huge shift. The digital transformation will redefining several basic principles of the change the mining industry for good because transformation plan. in a volatile market, you need to ensure your Based on the finding of the value chain mining operations perform as efficiently as mapping below you’ll get a clear vision of how possible and this can only be attainable with the digital transformation can improve the the right digital technology. mining operations and make the industry to They are five vital domains of digital become more efficient. transformation plan which are data, value, innovation, customers and competition. The Smart mining indeed provides a high “Digital transformation is not about updating your technology but about upgrading your strategic thinking.” David Rogers 2016 (Columbia Business School Alumni) The Digital Transformation Playbook. the mine manager volume 1 | Page 63
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice performance networking and this enables expects. On the other hand some people a dedicated deep wired or wireless believe the data, and the by - products of connection which really is what underground gathering and analysis of data is the fourth mining operations requires for very good industrial revolution. Industry 4.0 refers and efficient communication like other to the transformation of industry through industrial enterprises. Communication the intelligent networking of machines and in the mining industry is the most critical processes with the help of information and factor to ensure the safety and security of communication technology (ICT). It’s no the underground working environment. A secret that Artificial intelligence has had a good IT communication infrastructure in huge impact on many industries in recent underground mining enhances safety and years and will continue to benefit them in provides firsthand information in real-time the future driving innovations. The global which can result in a quick response to some pandemic (COVID-19) induced acceleration emergences or fatal situations in the mines as of technology adoption has led many sectors, it allows for live communicate, CCTV footage to leverage AI for their advantage and growth. and both onsite and offsite monitoring. The In the last few years, AI has enabled many Internet of Things, (IoT) is playing a role in this innovations and several technologies like shift towards more connected ecosystems. IoT, robotics, analytics, and voice assistants. The provision of the Internet of Things (IoT) With this rate we might start anticipating setup in underground Mines plays a massive several other technologies like autonomous role in the mining operations, not only does it platforms, data twinning, paperless mines, improve the safety of the mine workers but it and maybe a forward looking curriculum. also enhances productivity. ■TMMM Apart from IoT there are also other players which are pushing digitalization which are: NewTrax which is an IoT Hub, empowers operations and provides safety systems; Mobilaris which provides digital solutions for increased efficiency and safety; Epiroc which provides consumables, innovative equipment / Certiq (Fleet Monitoring); Multiple Vendors which is a ventilation on demand solutions; Honeywell which focuses on enterprise performance management solutions; Hexagon which provides digital Solutions for smart mining and lastly Sandvik AutoMine (Autonomous) and OptiMine (Analytics). “If data is the new oil, Analytics is the new combustion Engine…” Now, more than ever, Artificial Intelligence and Advanced analytics is centre stage as we dive into the future trends, ‘Fourth industrial revolution’ or ‘Industry 4.0’, as called by some Page 64 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice EXECUTIVE PLAN The plan comes with style and elegance, offering top of the range caskets, executive hearses, courtesy vehicles and a tombstone. FOR THE ONES YOU LOVE the mine manager volume 1 | Page 65
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice Mine Managers cross – pollinate at the Unki Mine Technical Visit Mine Managers at the Technical Visit,Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe The Association of Mine Managers The technical visit was guided by the Zimbabwe held the first technical visit following agenda items; for the year 2021 at Unki Mine, Anglo- • Overview of Unki Mine Operations American Platinum with the aim of • Underground Mining Tour providing a platform for mining professionals to • Processing Plant Tour gain and transfer knowledge in line with the • Production Ramp-up from inception associations 2021 working theme, “Mining in • IRMA Certification (the first in the the new Normal – Transforming Knowledge for Today and Tomorrow” world) Page 66 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice The crew visited the underground The visit was an eye opener to mining development section of Unki Mine where the professionals within the association who debottlenecking project (silo mining) was unilaterally agreed that frequent visits of such taking place and managed to take the team nature were key to learning and sharing of through the drop raising method which was ideas in fulfilment of the Knowledge Sharing being used. Some members of the crew pillar of the AMMZ. were taken through the Unki concentrator and smelting plant. The Murowa Diamonds crew were taken through the SHE Department where as they sought to understand UNKI’s journey through the IRMA Certification. Mine Managers at the Technical Visit,Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe the mine manager volume 1 | Page 67
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice Key Highlights 1. Date of the Technical Visit: 23/04/2021 2. Number of Participants: 22 Names of participants & Mines Represented 1 Chitenje Rodney Murowa Diamonds 2 Chitsuro Pardon CoMZ 3 Chridza Ray Acol Chemicals 4 Guvakuva Innocent ZCDC 5 Patsunda Marvin Drumcity 6 Mubaya Martin Drumcity 7 Katanda Coburn Tharisa Adminstration Services 8 Katiyo Denford AECI Mining 9 Kucherera Moses Explosives 10 Chiringa Ashworth Intrachem PVT LTD 11 Machimbira Keneth 12 Madzimure Walter AECI Mining 13 Mashizha Dzapasi Explosives 14 Matanga Allan Murowa Diamonds 15 Matyanga David Intrachem PVT LTD 16 Nyamagodo Hillman Murowa Diamonds 17 Waeni George Great Dyke 18 Zindoga Robert Investments 19 Gwatidzo Elton 20 Bumhira Brighton CoMZ 21 Mapakame Gift Great Dyke 22 Mubvakure Tawanda Investments Murowa Diamonds Page 68 | the mine manager volume 1 Pan African Mining Bulawayo Mining Company Freda Rebecca Freda Rebecca Intrachem PVT LTD
Knowledge SharinUgn,kSicMieineceTeacnhdnPicraalcvtisciet Mine Managers at the Technical Visit,Unki Mine in Shurugwi, Midlands, Zimbabwe the mine manager volume 1 | Page 69
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice African mining 4.0: An innovative sunrise for African miners: Transformative technologies are ushering in a new era of efficiency, safety and growth1 With the increasing pace of 05 APR 2021 innovation, accelerated Insight by COVID-19, new transformative mining technologies Rebecca Campbell | Andrzej are rapidly becoming available to the Omietański | Matthew Burnell mining industry, ushering in a new era of increased productivity, efficiency, | Gary Felthun safety and growth for miners. African miners stand to gain will not only increase the bottom for African as the world embraces a new digital mining companies. Importantly, adoption of new revolution. New transformative technologies will also facilitate better environment, mining technologies allow miners to social and governance (ESG) performance. mine resources that were previously In this article, we survey the state of play in unaffordable and impossible to access. technology and equipment innovation in Africa and Transformative technologies discuss the challenges and opportunities facing African mining companies as they embrace new innovative technologies. Mining technologies African mining companies are rapidly adopting the latest technologies to modernize their operations, yet significant opportunities remain. Figure 1 shows some examples of existing and future mining technologies and their application in the African mining industry. Page 70 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice Figure 1: Technology and applications in the African mining industry Existing Technology Application in the African mining industry tech Autonomous Example: Resolute Mining’s Syama mine in the Republic of Mali is progressing to be the systems world’s first fully autonomous underground gold mine using, for example,1 autonomous (i) haulage and loaders (which are used to move/load ore and waste to the surface) and (ii) drilling. Benefits: Autonomous systems increases worker safety, allow continuous and efficient mine operation 24/7 and up-skill workers to manage autonomous machinery. Drones Example: Kumba Iron Ore, a leading South African supplier of seaborne iron ore, uses drone technology, reducing the need for employees to do physical blast clearances; drones are also used to conduct survey technology and general observations. Benefits: Drones outfitted with cameras and scanners can provide data on operations and current conditions in the mine, increasing worker safety, efficiency and up-skilling workers who Internet of Example: De Beers Marine South Africa (together with Orange Business Services, network- Things (IoT) native digital services subsidiary of telecoms giant Orange Group) built an Internet of Things (IoT) platform on board the MV Mafuta, currently the world’s largest offshore diamond mining vessel, to make sure crew maintain a safe distance from heavy machinery.2 Benefits: A combination of sensors and machinery allows miners to monitor and track operations in real time, increasing safety and efficiency. AI Machine Example: Exxaro Resources Limited, one of South Africa’s largest coal and heavy mineral Learning companies, is deploying artificial intelligence (AI), including a first-of-its-kind AI tool for international coal trading. Benefits: AI Machine learning software will enable miners to quickly analyze data and respond to possible business disruptions, as well as rapidly identify and address any safety concerns in Blockchain Example: Circulor announced the first mine-to-manufacturer traceability system of Rwandan tantalum powered by blockchain. Benefits: Provides traceability and transparency across the supply chain where it is really needed—conflict minerals, rare earth minerals, toxic and polluting waste, child labor-based production, etc. Hydrogen/ Hydrogen is currently produced using natural gas and coal. The recent surge in renewables Clean (solar PV and wind generation) and the resulting decrease in renewables production costs opens the door to producing hydrogen-using renewables. Hydrogen/ Clean Steel Hydrogen can replace coking coal in ore-based steel. Africa’s solar PV comparative advantage over the rest of the world stands African miners in good stead to benefit from the use of clean hydrogen in the mining industry, especially in decarbonizing steel making. In particular, South Africa is well poised to take advantage of hydrogen’s potential; “with the world increasingly turning towards countries that have optimal renewable energy resources to provide the clean energy of the future, South Africa is in an extraordinary position 3 Future tech 1 https://www.miningmagazine.com/technology-innovation/news/1387604/syama%E2%80%99s-automation-surge 2 http://www.connectingafrica.com/document.asp?doc_id=763671 3 https://www.pwc.co.za/en/publications/unlocking-south-africas-hydrogen-potential.html Source: African Mining Figure 1: Technology and applications in the African mining industry the mine manager volume 1 | Page 71
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice Mining technologies driving ESG equipment. Newer mining methodologies compliance can also open new opportunities by making previously uneconomic deposits viable Widespread adoption of the existing and while vastly improving safety, as witnessed emerging technologies shown in Figure 1 will at another of Ivanhoe Mines’ projects, the allow African mining companies to not only Platreef platinum mine, which relies on take a huge leap forward technologically but massive mining methods, in contrast to the also address critical ESG matters by adhering narrow vein mining methods used by most to newly-formed industry standards. other PGM miners in Africa. ESG has been a focal point for the However, some argue that the usage mining industry. The International Council of automated and autonomous machinery of Mining and Metals (ICMM) recently may have collateral implications on jobs launched a set of Mining Principles intended and surrounding communities around to drive responsible production. The Mining mine sites, which rely on the mines for Principles define best practices in ESG employment. The mining industry, particularly requirements for the industry through in Africa, is traditionally very labor-intensive. a comprehensive set of performance Automated and autonomous mining methods expectations.2 The requirements include, require more highly skilled employees and among other things, a focus on health and ultimately less people at the mine face, but safety and environmental performance. New this does not necessarily lead to overall technologies can help address both, but less employment in the vicinity of the mine come with their own new challenges. after secondary employment is taken into account. The resultant transition of the Health and safety labour force needs to be carefully managed with communities, governments, labour In December 2020, Ivanhoe Mines and Zijin unions and employee representatives before announced the closing of an equipment new technologies are implemented. Where financing facility for their Kamoa-Kakula possible, employers need to investigate Copper Project in the Democratic Republic re-skilling and retraining their employees of Congo. The project’s goal is to produce to meet the changing skill sets required by the world’s “greenest copper,” and proceeds these new technologies. Even though certain from the facility to purchase automated new jobs will be created (autonomous/ underground mobile mining equipment and remote-vehicle managers, etc.), if there isn’t a services.3 managed process of transition in place, these Automated mobile mining equipment changes may not be accepted by affected is the first step towards autonomous communities and host governments, and machinery that is operated remotely or semi- miners will struggle to maintain their social remotely, which in turn reduces the risks license to operate. of injury to employees as they will not be directly at the mine face, thereby reducing Environmental efficiencies human exposure to risks like rock-falls, earth tremors and other dangerous situations. Investors, customers, and host communities Africa’s newest mines, like the Kamoa-Kakula are increasingly scrutinizing the Copper Project, are being designed for environmental and continuous progression towards autonomous social impacts of mining operations. mining over time, starting with automated New technologies enable miners to reduce Page 72 | the mine manager volume 1
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice their carbon footprint, improve the efficiency efficiencies (in line with ICMM’s Mining in which they use Principles) will allow African miners to non-renewable or scarce resources and build mines of the future that are not minimize the amount and hazardousness of only sustainable but also better capable waste generated by such operations. From of securing funding for expansions and an energy perspective, mines are looking additional innovative technologies. (Figure 2) to implement renewable forms of energy generation to reduce greenhouse gases that Legal Considerations are otherwise emitted from burning fossil fuels. These renewable energy sources Despite still lagging behind technological become more attractive with significant advancements, mining laws across Africa advancements in battery storage technology continue to evolve, and so the miners that providing power when the sun is not shining embrace and lead change will reap the early or the wind is not blowing. bird rewards. The mine of the future requires The effects of climate change are “leadership that embraces a culture of predicted to cause droughts in many areas data-led decision-making and a new way of where mining activities are conducted. In thinking and operating.”4 While miners will these areas, technologies that allow mines encounter countless legal considerations, we to use water resources more sparingly and, set out a couple of key ones. where possible, re-use or recycle water will become essential for promoting the longevity Permitting and sustainability of the mining industry while building resilience against the effects Implementing new technologies has the of climate change. opportunity for significant environmental With investors, funds and commercial and social improvements to mine efficiency banks all more aware of ESG-related risks and waste and emissions reductions. and impacts, it may become increasingly However, the implementation of new difficult to finance mining operations and related expansions and extensions because Figure 2: Mines of the future of internal policies and international regulations and policies such as the Equator Source: African Mining Principles, IFC Standards and World Bank Guidelines. The mines of the future, which CM, Project Mining & incorporate cleaner and/or more efficient Development and Metals technologies, will ultimately find it easier Finance, Finacial to secure funding. But there is a transition Services Regulatory Technology, ongoing for funders as well: the “mines of IP, fintech the future” necessarily require funding of A changing sometimes unproven technologies, which social license The Internet may in turn face challenges getting approved of Things by investment and/or credit committees, Mining & New ways to Employment, especially among more “traditional” funders Metals finance mining Business & in the sector. Innovation, including through Human Rights improvement of safety and environmental Access to A changing resources labor force Low carbon Environment Data, & Climate Privacy & Change Cybersecurity Cybersecurity Mines of the future Figure 2: Mines of the future the mine manager volume 1 | Page 73
Knowledge Sharing, Science and Practice technologies at mines is often delayed due innovating independently of third party to lengthy administrative procedures. From technology and should have in place robust a timing perspective, companies need to intellectual property management processes account for these significant delays in their to protect their innovations and protect construction and operational timelines. Given against any inadvertent breaches of third- the significant positive impacts that may party intellectual property rights. arise for the mines, the environment and the surrounding communities, governments Final thoughts may wish to reconsider their regulatory processes to allow for streamlined permitting Embracing available and future technologies and amendment processes for “sustainable is significant for the resilience and technology” options. sustainability of the African mining industry, enabling African miners to jump from Carbon credit regulations Industry 2.0 to 4.0. As miners improve their environmental While the initial set-up costs will be efficiencies, they may be able to take significant, the return on investment over advantage of carbon credit programs. To the time should create profitability and jobs5 and extent that alterations to existing projects – importantly – drive ESG performance. or new projects meet the “additionality” An innovative sunrise for African miners is requirements contemplated under the just around the corner. It looks green as well. carbon credit programs, it may be possible ■TMMM for mining companies to generate carbon credits to offset any excesses of their carbon budgets or carbon taxes. Data privacy and intellectual property New technologies rely on data transfers, sometimes including personal data, from one party to another, and at times via a service provider’s network. Miners will need to ensure any new technologies are implemented in accordance with applicable data protection laws to protect personal data to avoid hefty fines. In addition to the potential disclosures of protected and personal information if databases are breached, if third parties gain operational control of technology and machinery at mines, they could cause significant damage to the environment, health and safety, and mining operations. Also, as miners incorporate third-party technological advancements into their systems, they may find themselves Page 74 | the mine manager volume 1
COMTRMUSUTNITY Knowledge Sharing, Sc.ience andMPirnaecTteiche. Wyeo’ulltbhhuiesillpd We are the missing link between your company and the community. We use data science to translate community voices into actionable insights — systematically, dynamically, in real time. We translate sentiment data into a language your business understands, and turn social risk into social value. voconiq.com SOCIAL RISK ...soreytdhouuiscecan When there is trust in the relationship between community and company, anything feels possible. When trust is lost, everything is hard. “Conflict with communities can cause reputational damage and cost millions of dollars in project delays or the complete abandonment of a resources or infrastructure project,” said Voconiq CEO, Dr. Kieren Moffat. “Voconiq is a science-based solution that provides tangible social insights to support constructive relationships between communities and organisations around the world. We are changing the way that industry engages with the communities in which they operate, to build greater trust and mitigate corporate risk. We have successfully improved community trust in local mining businesses, along with community acceptance of them, in regional Latin America and rural Australia. We are now deploying the same innovations in Africa, based on 10 years of research within Australia’s leading national science agency, CSIRO. Our data modelling and analytics identify those factors that drive trust and acceptance, enabling companies to prioritise investment of resources and energy into the issues that matter most to their community relationships.” Contact Dr Nelson Chipangamate on +263 716881333 or [email protected] to discuss how our unique approach can help your company. the mine manager volume 1 | Page 75
AMMZ Global Virtual Conference 2020 Command Centre: Wild Geese Lodge, Harare 26 November,2020 Major Highlights +1000 delagates +10 Countries participated +15 Conference speakers Innocent Guvakuva(Vice President of The Association of Mine Managers Zimbabwe) Page 76 | the mine manager volume 1
Douglas Tawanda Munatsi (CEO of The Zimbabwe Investment Development Agency) one of the Keynote Speakers the mine manager volume 1 | Page 77
EVENTS & NETWORKING AMMZ Global Virtual Conference 2020 The Association of Mine Managers of Zimbabwe and support of the government to (AMMZ) held its first edition of the global virtual providing and maintaining a suitable long- conference in Harare on the 26th of November term environment to achieve sustainable 2020. Held under the theme “Mining in the New growth of the industry and the economy as Normal – Transforming Knowledge for Today & a whole. Tomorrow” the conference was the first of its kind for the Association, bringing together over Proceedings of the Conference also 200 participants from more than 10 countries, included sessions focusing on highly availing an excellent opportunity for dialogue, topical issues in the mining industry such exchange and a laboratory of ideas and actions. as The conference had a total of 174 locals and • Smart Mining – Mining 34 international registrants which included 42 Technology, Automation and physical participants in line with Covid – 19 Digital Transformation regulations. These participants were from • Investment overview and various countries which included SA, Canada, Botswana, Germany, Australia, UK, Zambia, and strategy for mining Kenya. • The future of work Opening up the conference, the President of the • Building resilient supply chains AMMZ laid out the vision and strategy of the • Covid – 19 pandemic and association which seeks to actively contribute to the development of the USD12billion mining working from home industry by 2023. • Sustainability in mining The Conference witnessed the participation of high-level personalities such This august gathering came at a pivotal as the Permanent Secretary for the Ministry of time for the mining industry, offering Mines, Honorable Onesimo Moyo, the Immediate insights and solutions to challenges that Past President of the Chamber of Mines of are being faced in the industry which Zimbabwe, Ms Elizabeth Nerwande and the Chief have mainly been on power disruptions, Executive Officer of the Chamber of Mines of inadequate foreign exchange allocations Zimbabwe, Mr Isaac Kwesu. and high-cost structure and capital In her address, the Past President commended shortages. The COVID 19 crisis has and described the association as a powerful also been yet another added challenge organisation for rendering technical support, threatening the industry’s development, collecting and providing data and information stability and the livelihood of its peoples. on the business of mining for understanding the The global virtual was full state of the mining industry. She also highlighted of concrete recommendations and the importance of the government and the commitments, new opportunities of mining industry to work together to maintain partnerships, ideas of new projects and the balance on earning returns on investments initiatives as well as identification of new for businesses and at the same time have the and promising talent. Building on the national benefits. achievements already reached so far, it The Permanent Secretary of the Ministry opened the way to amplify impact on the of Mines in his address pledged the commitment ground for attaining a USD12billion mining industry by 2023. Page 78 | the mine manager volume 1
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EVENTS & NETWORKING Conference Speakers Hon. Winston Chitando is the Zimbabwean Minister of Mines and Mining Development appointed to the ministry by the president H.E. President Emmerson Mnangagwa. Hon. Chitando joined Hwange Colliery Company in 1985, and worked for Anglo-American Corporation in various capacities, for 11 years. In 1997, he became a commercial manager (Mining and Industrial Division) at ZIMASCO before rising to the position of Executive Di- rector (Finance) for both ZIMASCO (Pvt) (Ltd) and Mimosa Mining Company (1998-2007). He has served as Vice-President of the Chamber of Mines of Zimbabwe from 2008 to 2011 and it’s President from 2011 to 2013. He was executive chairman of Mimosa Holdings since April 1, 2013 and chairman of Hwange Colliery Company Limited since May 19, 2016 till his appointment. Elizabeth Nerwande is the former President of the Chamber of Mines Zimbabwe. She has served in various industries amassing vast wealth of experience and knowledge. Elizabeth was the Executive Director of the Consumer Council of Zimbabwe (1999-2003) and CEO for Zimtrade (2004-2006). She is currently the corporate affairs executive at Mimosa Mining Company and a non executive director of Zimbabwe Consolidated Diamond Company. Corburn Katanda is the current President of the Association of Mine Managers Zimbabwe. A Mining Engineer by profession, he holds a BSc Honors in Mining Engineer- ing from the University of Zimbabwe and an MBA from Harriot Watt University, Edinburgh Scotland. He has 13 years industry experience and currently works for Tharisa Admin- istration Services as the Mining Manager. The Group is operating in Zimbabwe as Karo Platinum Private Limited & Salene Chrome Zimbabwe Private Limited. Innocent Guvakuva is the current Vice President of the Association of Mine Managers Zimbabwe. He has over 14 years mining experience with different blue chip companies. He has worked for Anglo American BNC, Implats Mimosa Mine, Rio Tinto Murowa Diamonds. Currently he is Head of Mining for ZCDC. He holds an MBA and Honours in Mining engineering from the University of Zimbabwe. Page 80 | the mine manager volume 1
EVENTS & NETWORKING Douglas (Doug) Tawanda Munatsi was appointed the founding CEO of the Zimbabwe Investment and Development Agency (ZIDA) on the 1st of April 2020, with the mandate to attract quality FDI and LDI by streamlining the ease of doing business through promotion, entry, protection and facilitation of investments in Zimbabwe. He is a founding Partner of DBF Capital Partners, a $70 million private equity company with operations in Southern Africa. Doug holds a Bachelor of Business Studies degree from the University of Zimbabwe, a Master of Business Administration (Finance) from the American University, Washington DC and completed the Harvard Business School’s Advanced Management Programme. Engineer Tororiro Isaac Chaza is a Project Management Professional (PMP®) and Scrum Master Certified (SMC™), with over 40 years experience in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Sector. He holds a B. Sc. Engineering Science degree from Warwick University UK), and a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Zimbabwe. He is the former Vice President for Professional Development and Education in the Project Management Institute Zimbabwe Chapter, the current Vice Chairman of the Zimbabwe Information and Communication Technology (ZICT) division of the Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers (ZIE) as well as a Member of the Zimbabwe Institution of Engineers (MZwIE).Engineer Chaza is the founder of Torchpmo (Pvt) Ltd, a project management consulting and training entity. He is a seasoned trainer for PMP®, Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) and Agile Scrum as well as a thought leader and advocate on the subject of Digital Transformation. Batanai Peresuh is a partner at Honey and Blackenberg Legal Practitioners who heads the Corporate and Commercial Department. He holds a Bachelor of Mining Engineering and Masters in Business Administration. Tirivashe Eddington Vere is a council member responsible for PR, Membership and Events. He has 14 years mining experience. He has worked for SMM, Rio Tinto and Rio Zim including Diavik in Canada. Currently he is Head of Mining at R Davies. He holds an MBA and Honours in Mining from the University of Zimbabwe. He is the past President of the Association of Mine Managers Zimbabwe. Geoff Musekiwa is the CEO at African Life Financial Services in Zambia. He holds a BSC (Honours) Degree in Statistics and a Msc Degree in International Business Administration. He is also a CFA Charter holder with 19 years experience in capital markets covering investment research, portfolio management, corporate finance, business development and general management. the mine manager volume 1 | Page 81
EVENTS & NETWORKING Newton Demba is a Procurement and Supply Management Consultant with more than 16 years of experience managing complex and high value humanitarian, public health, mining operations and commercial projects. He is the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT) International Vice President (IVP) for Africa and Chairman of Africa Forum, providing leadership and strategic direction to more than 15 African Countries. He holds a Doctorate degree in Business Management, Master of Science degree in Strategic Management, Bachelor of Science (Honours) degree, Postgraduate Diploma in Procurement and Contracts Management, Advanced International Diploma in Logistics and Transport (CILT, UK) and an International Diploma in Logistics and Transport (CILT, UK). Charles Nyabeze is the Vice President of Business Devolpment and Commercialization Department. He holds a Bachelor of Mining Engineering and Masters in Business Administration. Tawanda Zvarivadza is the Managing Director of Vimbo Consulting (Pty) Ltd, South Africa. He has more than 12 years of mining industry experience spanning several mining companies and organisations at an international level. Tawanda has served the mining industry and related organisations in different positions including: Operational Manager, Senior Lecturer, University Senate Member, Senior Mining Engineer, Research Geotechnical Engineer, Technical Service Engineer, Production Mining Engineer, and Exploration Site Geotechnical Engineer among others. He is a Member of several International Professional Organisations including being a Lifetime member of the American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA). Precious Nyika is the Country Chief Executive Officer for Lafarge Cement Zimbabwe Ltd. She is a results driven and accomplished Executive with over 15 years of experience leading teams in Human Resource Management, Strategy, Operations Management, Projects, Innovation, Business Consulting and Communications. Precious has served on Boards for several organisations across various industries covering professional institutions, banking organisations, non-governmental organisations and Parastatals. She graduated with a Bsc Honours in Psychology and a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Zimbabwe. She also holds a postgraduate diploma in Leadership from Harvard Business School. Flavious Coffee is the President of Project Management Institute, Zimbabwe Chapter. He is a certified project manager with a strong background in electrical engineering. He has over 15 years of experience in Power Infrastructure Projects. He currently works for a multinational technology company, ABB where he is responsible for implementing power infrastructure projects across Zimbabwe. Page 82 | the mine manager volume 1
EVENTS & NETWORKING Neto Paul Kapalata is the CEO at NP Knowledge in South Africa and Tanzania. NPK is involved in mining software development, training and consultancy, mine valuation, planning and design. NPK has carried out projects across Africa and beyond. Cedric Tsiga is a holder of a bachelor’s degree with University of Zimbabwe, and several professional certifications and diplomas. He offers a unique blend of more than 20 years progressive executive acumen, leadership and IT solution sales and development cred- ited with strong ROI and operational improvement for his customers primarily within the ICT, Government, Engineering and Construction, Education, Scientific Research & Devel- opment and Business Services sectors. Cedric currently works for Oracle Corporation where he is putting Revolutionary Technology in the hands of great business people to manage information and processes across projects. Mzi Chizura is a Mining engineer with Commercial and Financial background attained at PWC. He has worked for BNC and Rio Tinto Murowa Mine. He is currently a Business Development Manager for Sandvik. His areas of expertise include Finance, Strategy and Business Modelling. George Botshiwe is the Managing Director at QKR Namibia Navachab Gold Mine. He has more than 23 years of mining industry experience in mine planning, production and management functions. He holds a Bachelor of Mining Engineering from the University of Zimbabwe. the mine manager volume 1 | Page 83
EVENTS & NETWORKING Page 84 | the mine manager volume 1
EVENTS & NETWORKING TOGETHER, WE’RE MINING BETTEREFFICIENTLY AND EFFECTIVELY CAT® SURFACE & UNDERGROUND MINING EQUIPMENT HARARE BULAWAYO HWANGE CHIREDZI MACHINE SALES 10 Harrow Rd, Msasa, Harare 5 Dunlop Rd, Donnington Stand 30, Industries Area Stand No. 54 Cnr Inyati/Chironga Rd Garikai 0772 355 808 Tel +263 (242) 486600-4/ 486609-16 Tel +263(9) 467781-3/ 472470-3 Tel +263(81) 20881/3, 22587, 23277 Tel +263 (31) 2313286 Emmanuel 0715 241 731 [email protected] [email protected] © 2021 Caterpillar. All Rights Reserved. CAT, CATERPILLAR, LET’S DO THE WORK, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Corporate Yellow”, the “Power Edge” and Cat “Modern Hex” trade dress as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Cater- pillar and may not be used without permission. the mine manager volume 1 | Page 85
sponsors & strategic partners The Association of Mine Managers Sponsors & Strategic Partners Thank you, siyabonga, tatenda! Page 86 | the mine manager volume 1
sponsors & strategic partners the mine manager volume 1 | Page 87
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