Ideology Magazine Project - Haylea (2)

Ideology Magazine Project By: Haylea M

Collectivism Collectivism is an ideology that refers to when one considers the needs of a group to further the common good. Collectivism builds on the ideas of economic equality, cooperation, collective norms, interest, responsibility, along with public property. Collectivism means working together, emphasizing the idea that individuals depend on others. In a collective society, individuals don’t live their lives in isolation.

Communism

Past Perspective of Communism and Marxism Communism: Marxism: In this ideology, collective is more important Marxism is an ideology that values a classless than the individual. Communists believe that society. Karl Marx said, “From each according the well-being of individuals is the to the ability to each according to their responsibility of the government, not the needs”. He also believed that capitalism will individuals. The values of communism include fall. In a Marxism society, the working class collective ownership of the means of should overthrow the capitalist class and production, the elimination of private establish a classless society where property property, and economic equality. would be owned by the state.

Past Perspective of For example, the USSR. Lenin led the Communism Soviet Union and his application of Marxist values improved the Russian economy. After Lenin died, Stalin became the new leader and changed communism into Stalinism. His view was influenced by his desire for absolute power and control. This caused his policies and Soviet communism to be a means of oppression and fear rather than revolution and freedom. Stalin created prison camps, used secret police, purges, rewrote history, forced industrialization of the country, and collectivized all farms.

What is Communism? Communism is an ideology that values public property. In a communist society, people are paid according to abilities and needs and it is based on the community. Communists believe that the oppressed working class must overcome its property-owning oppressors through revolution. This would lead to the shared production of goods and all benefits of production. Eventually, there will be no government needed.

What Does Communism Give People Today? An example of a communist leader today is Miguel Diaz-Canel, who is the president of Cuba. Cuba is guided by the political ideas of Karl Marx. Cuba is also a single-party state and the communist party is the leading force of society and the state.

Socialism

Utopian Socialism Utopian socialism is progressive and evolves without revolution, “life of perfection”. Robert Owen, capitalist, believed by treating workers better, they will work harder. This would lead to better products and better profit. His belief improved living and working conditions for industrial workers. Utopian Socialism provided people with visions and outlines for ideal societies.

Democratic Socialism An example of Democratic Socialism is Norway, with the leader being Jonas Gahr Democratic Socialism is a classless society Store. Norway has some of the strongest where all people share fairly in wealth. social welfare programs in the world, which Production is socially and collectively owned include free education for all, and universal and people work together along with healthcare coverage. individually. Democratic Socialists believe in a peaceful evolutionary transition from capitalism to socialism through democratic means. The government is involved to ensure all members of society are treated fairly. Democratic Socialism values democracy, freedom, individual rights, and equality.



Political Spectrum The centre/moderate position on the spectrum involves acceptance and support of a balance of social equality. It opposes political changes that would result in a significant shift of society either strongly to the left or strongly to the right.

Liberalism

Liberalism A current liberal leader is Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. He believes that everyone has Liberalism is an ideology based on the a real and fair chance to succeed. He wants to importance of individual liberty and the create more jobs, grow the economy, and values of individualism. These values include strengthen the middle class. Justin Trudeau individual rights and freedoms, self-interest, said, “We have created a society where competition, economic freedom, rule of law, individual rights and freedoms, compassion, and private property. and diversity are core to our citizenship. But underlying that idea of Canada is the promise that we all have a chance to build a better life for ourselves and our children.”



What Does Liberalism do for Canada? Canadian liberalism enhances Canada’s unique culture and community, pursuits equal opportunities for everyone, recognizes that English and French are the official languages in Canada, and promotes Canadian identity in a global society.

Mixed economy An example of a mixed economy is Canada. The three levels of government decide the A mixed economy is an economic system in countries wealth through taxing and which free-market principles are combined spending. There are some companies and with some government intervention. This is industries that are privately owned, and there usually to regulate industry, moderate the are some that are publicly owned. boom-and-bust nature of the free-market business cycle, and offer social welfare programs. The government may own some key industries (communications, utilities, or transportation).

The centre/moderate position on the political spectrum focuses on establishing systems to improve social justice. It promotes a degree of social equality that can be achieved through equal opportunity. The centre/moderate position on the spectrum also allows individualism along with collectivism.

Individualism Individualism is an ideology that values the rights and freedoms of the individual. Individualism is often above security and harmony of the whole group. It values independence, individual achievement, competition, and freedom.

Conservatism

Conservatism Conservatism is an ideology that promotes and preserves traditions, so there is no change. Conservatism relies on the individual to maintain society. It also seeks to preserve national interests. Conservatism values individual freedom, limited government, the rule of law, fiscal responsibility, and free-markets.

What has Conservatism Done in the Past? An example of a past conservative leader is Ronald Reagan, who was the 40th president of the USA. Mr. Reagan’s supply-side economic policies advocated tax reduction. This was to promote economic growth, economic deregulation, and reduction in government spending.

What Does Conservatism do Today? An example of a more recent conservative Donald Trump’s most popular quote is, “Make leader is Donald Trump, who was the 45th America Great Again”. president of the USA. Trump is considered to be one of the most controversial presidents in the US history. Some of Trump’s biggest accomplishments was the reshaping of the federal judiciary, the establishment of the Space Force and a tax reform.



Capitalism and Classical Liberalism Capitalism is an economic system based on Classical liberalism is an ideology based on free-markets, fair competition, wise the belief that the rights and freedoms of the consumers, and profit-motivated producers. individual should be the foundation for In a capitalist society, minimum government society. The economy is controlled privately involvement is favoured. for profit.

A Past Classical Liberalism Leader An example is John Locke. He made central contributions to the development of classical liberalism. He promoted the ideas of natural law, social contract, religious toleration, and the right to revolution. He believed that everyone should have natural rights to law, liberty, and property

Fascism

Fascism Fascism is an authoritarian system of government (dictatorship) that includes extreme militaristic nationalism. It values the rule of elites, and totalitarian society. This means individual interests are subordinated to the good of the nation-state. Fascism rejects the ideas of liberal democracy and communism or socialism.

What did Fascism do? Through HItler’s dictatorship, he destroying Germany’s parliamentary democracy. This An example of this is Nazi Germany, with allowed him to enact laws without approval of Hitler being the leader at the time. He parliament. This allowed him to ban all other orchestrated WW ll and the Holocaust which political parties. Hitler used propaganda to lead to the death of at least 40,000,000 gain more followers, including children. Jewish people. One of Hitler’s most famous quotes people were treated terribly and horrifically was, “Mankind has grown strong in eternal during Hitlers leadership. struggles and it will only perish through eternal peace.

Fascism Today Today there is no truly fascist leader. Although, there are some dictators that follow some of the fascist qualities.