o Flame monitoring with alarm o Water seal • A HAZOP study is recommended to understand the issues relative to the gas flaring system and then identify the suitable counter-measures, for instance inert gas purging5.5.9 Safety equipmentThe following safety equipment or tools should be present in each separate part and/or building of thegasifier plant: • Fire detection and suppression equipment that meet the internationally recognized technical specifications for the type and amount of flammable and combustible materials stores at the facility • CO detection system • Fire-fighting equipment • Personal protective equipment: ear protectors, eye glasses, gloves, respiratory equipment, personal • CO detectors • Emergency equipment: showers, first aid kit5.5.10 Inspection standardsNon-destructive tests need to be carried out for establishing that all the material, workmanship, &performance of the equipment are as per the agreedpurchase conditions. These tests include: • Reviewing material test certificates to establish physical and chemical properties. In the absence of original manufacturer’s test certificates to establish physical and chemical properties. • Welding procedure qualification record and welding processes should be certified and verified. • NDT, viz. DP, MP, radiography and UTC should be carried out if applicable as per the purchase specifications. • Hydrostatic testing of vessels and piping should be carried out as specified in purchaser’s data sheet. • Tests viz., utility consumption and equipment and system performance should be carried out during pre-commissioning stage.All stage tests & the vendor should maintain inspection record and copies certified by the inspectionauthority should be supplied as part of documents by the vendor.Client Name UNIDO DESL Project No. 9A0000005647Project Name Policy advisory services in Biomass gasification technology in Pakistan Version 3 (Final)Report Title Minimum Quality Standards for Biomass Gasification Plants Page 51 of 52
5.6 Annex-6: Definitions of terms• Anchor or Tieback – is a metallic or refractory device that holds the refractory or insulation in place.• Back up Layer – is any refractory layer behind the hot face layer.• Casing – is a metal plate used to enclose the r eactor• Castable – is an insulating concrete poured or gunned in place to form a rigid refractory shape or structure• Ceramic Fibre – is a fibrous refractory insulation composed primarily of silica and alumina. Applicabl e forms include blanket, board, module, rigidized blanket, i.e., insulation board, and vacuum-formed shapes.• Corrosion Allowance - is the additional material thickness added to allow for material loss during the design life of the component. It is the corrosion rate times the design life, expressed in mm (inches).• Corrosion rate – is the r eduction in the material thickness due to the chemical attack from the process fluid or flue gas or both, expressed in mm per year (inches per year). Minim um Corrosion allowance shall be (a) For Carbon Steel - 1.5 mm and (b) For Stainless Steel – NIL• Damper/valve – is a device for introducing a variable resistance for regulating volumetric flow of flue gas or air• Butterfly Damper – is a type of damper consisting of a single blade pivoted about its centre• Louver Damper – is a type of damper consisting of several blades each pivoted about its centre and linked together for simultaneous operation• Duct – is a conduit for air or flue gas flow• Erosion – is the reduction in the material thickness due to mechanical attack from a fluid.• Forced Draft – is a process in which the air is supplied under positive pressur e by a fan or other mechanical means• Hot Face Temperature – is the temperature of the refractory surface in contact with the syn–gas or heated combustion air. The hot face temperature is used to deter mine refractory or insulation thickness and heat transmitted. The design temperature is used to specify the service temperature limit of the refractory ma teri als• Induced Draft – Uses a fan to remove produced gas and maintain a negative pressure in the reactor to induce combustionair without a forced draft fan• Manifold – is a chamber for the collection and distribution of fluid to or from multiple parallel flow paths• Metal Fiber-Reinforcement – is Stainless steel needles added to castable for improved toughness and durability• Monolithic Lining – is a single component lining system• Mortar – is a refractory material preparation used for laying and bonding refractory bricks• Multi-Component – is a refractory system consisting of two or more layers of different refractory types for example, castable and ceramic fiber• Multi-Layer Lining – is a refractory system consisting of two or more layers of the same refractory type• Protective Coating – is a corrosion resistant material applied to a metal surface (e.g., on casing plates behind porous refractory materials) to protect against sulfur in the flue gases• Setting or Refractory Setting – is the heater casing, brickwork, refractory and insulation, including the tiebacks or anchors• Stack: A vertical conduit used to discharge waste gas to the atmosphere• Syn-Gas or Producer Gas – is the gaseous product containing CO, H2 , CH4 , CO2 & N2Client Name UNIDO DESL Project No. 9A0000005647Project Name Policy advisory services in Biomass gasification technology in Pakistan Version 3 (Final)Report Title Minimum Quality Standards for Biomass Gasification Plants Page 52 of 52
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