Components of CPU

THE SHISHUKUNJ INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL NORTH CAMPUS The Central Processing Unit CPU Submitted By: Hemangi Mohata CLASS IX B 2022 - 2023 ICT SUMMER HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

Components of CPU 1

CPU CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

Just as the human brain is the most The CPU is also called the important (crucial) part of the human microprocessor or simply the body as it directs and controls the actions processor. of the body, CPU is the brain of a computer. All other parts of a computer work as directed by the CPU. CPU - the computer's brain - The CPU consists of three basic controls and directs the sections: internal activities and actions of  The ALU (Arithmetic Logic a computer. A CPU does the Unit) entire thinking and controlling  Control Unit in a processing action.  Registers

ALU (ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT) Arithmetic Logic Unit This unit performs the computing functions as given below involving numbers.  Arithmetic operations that include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.  All logic operations, which involve comparisons such as less than, greater than, or equal to.  The results of these operations are stored in the registers or in memory or sent to output devices. REGISTERS Registers All data is temporarily stored in registers during the execution of programs Registers offer very fast memory but are very limited in size.

(CU) CONTROL UNIT Control Unit The control unit of the CPU directs the entire computer system to carry out, or execute, stored program instructions. The control unit directs data flow between the computer processor, memory and Input/output devices. The CPU performs following four steps in executing an instruction: 1 The control unit gets the instruction from memory. 2. The control unit decides what the instruction means and directs the necessary data to be moved from the memory to the arithmetic logic unit. 3. The arithmetic logic unit performs the actual operation on the data. 4. The result of the operation is stored in memory or a register.

The first two steps as given above make up the instruction time. The last instructions make up what is called the execution time. The combination of these two is called a machine cycle. The CPU is thus the main component of a computer.