ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MALAYSIA : MALAY TRADITIONAL DANCE

ULEK MAYANG DANCE MUSIC LYRICS Dance of Ulek Mayang (Farah Zira, 2011) Ulek mayang ku ulek, Ulek dengan jala jemala Ulek mayang diulek, Ulek dengan tuannya puteri Ulek mayang diulek, Ulek dengan jala jemala Ulek mayang diulek, Ulek dengan puterinya dua Puteri dua berbaju serong, Puteri dua bersanggol sendeng, Puteri dua bersubang gading Puteri dua berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan puterinya empa Puteri empat berbaju serong Puteri empat bersanggol sendeng Puteri empat bersubang gading Puteri empat berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan puterinya enam144

ULEK MAYANG DANCE Puteri enam berbaju serong Puteri enam bersanggol sendeng Puteri enam bersubang gading Puteri enam berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan puterinya tujuh Puteri tujuh berbaju serong Puteri tujuh bersanggol sendeng Puteri tujuh bersubang gading Puteri tujuh berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan tuannya puteri Tuan puteri berbaju serong Tuan puteri bersanggol sendeng Tuan puteri bersubang gading Tuan puteri berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan tuannya puteri Ku tahu asal usul mu Yang laut balik ke laut Yang darat balik ke darat Nasi berwarna hamba sembahkan Umbok mayang ku umbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Pulih mayang ku pulih Pulih balik sedia kala Persembahan Ulek Mayang (Hafsah Khatib Jusoh, 2016) 145

ULEK MAYANG DANCE MYTHS AND BELIEFE Pulut kuning Ulek Mayang dance has its myth and belief ([Traditinal Food of Malaysia], 2016) common to Terengganu society. When discussing the aspect of Ulek Mayang‘s beliefs, we cannot but mention the mystical elements and myths of the time before Ulek Mayang was transformed into his present form. In the old days before the advent of Islam, local communities believed in animism. In essence, Ulek Mayang relates to rituals of spiritual and physical life, such as the creation of gestures that are part of the performance. Another assumption was the presentation of ‘pulut kuning’ at the Ulek Mayang ceremony as a gesture of thanks to the seven princesses. In a ceremony, the yellow glutinous rice has its meaning. Before the rise of Islam, this was an important aspect of the Ulek Mayang ritual, but today, yellow glutinous rice is eaten as a delicacy at most rituals, such as tahlil prayers, marriages and formal events, or as a present to visitors. 146

ULEK MAYANG DANCE ULEK MAYANG PERSONALITIES Wan Salmah Wan Sulaiman, preferred admitted Wan Salmah as Mummy Salmah, is the original Ulek Mayang Wan Sulaiman performer. She was constructed by her foster mother and at the age of five started to take a Wan Salmah Wan Sulaiman particular interest in dance. She also went to the ([Ganupedia], 2018) Malaya theatre performance, during which she would practise the dance movement used in the Wan Salmah received several awards plays. and accolades for the involvement performing arts. These include: Her strong curiosity in dance prompted Wan Salmah to attend school concerts on Heroes' Day The Meritorious Service Medal from or Popy's Day. She would also take part in the Sultan of Terengganu (1992) dances, and from there, her love of the art form flourished. At the age of 13, Wan Salmah entered The Medal of the Order of the a cultural community named the Darul Ihsan Defender of the Realm from the Youth Society, based in Jalan Banggol, Kuala Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1979). Terengganu. The Order of the Crown of Terengganu (1992) Darul Ihsan Youth Society has been active in song and dance performances. Jury’s Special Award (Terengganu State Cultural Figure, 1990) Terengganu was represented at dance competitions throughout Malaysia and even won Terengganu State Government first place. Wan Salmah performed the Ulek Excellent Service Award (1987) mayang dance as a singer as well as the seventh princess, the main character of the Ulek mayang Terengganu State Art and Cultural dance. Apart from that, Wan Salmah, though the Figure Award (2016) To this day, Darul Ihsan Youth Society, also performed on Wan Salmah remains actively television shows, royal functions such as the involved in the arts. Sultan's birthday celebration, and performances during the official duties of the Chief Minister's residence. 147

ULEK MAYANG DANCE Haji Ramli Ibrahim, a revered artistic exponent of Haji Ramli Haji Ramli Ibrahim Kampung Pasir Panjang, Terengganu is one of Ibrahim ([SUKTRA], 2019) Ulek Mayang most active artists to this day. He achieved Ulek Mayang both as a singer and as a in 1984, dancer. Haji Ramli Ibrahim has been singing since primary school. He's won the R. Azmi the Visit Malaysia Projects in Europe in Champion Trophy in the early 1960s and in 1998 won the P. Ramlee Champion Trophy organized Frankfurt, Paris, London, Amsterdam, by the UMNO branch of the Ladang State Legislative Assembly. In 1973, he was involved in Milan, and Zurich in November- the arts, the East Coast RTM Orchestra (RTM Kuala Terengganu, now Terengganu FM). He December 1998, and the launch of the began his career as a late dancer and singer in the arts. Malaysia Airlines flight to Johannesburg Haji Ramli liked to sing folk songs during intermissions and to sing in dances, including in 1992. “Ulek Mayang” and Wan Salmah Sulaiman. In 1975 he became an Agmelan guitarist and later Haji Ramli has also served with the Youth started writing lyrics for songs written by Zamani Taha, Ramli Muda, and Md Dzarif Ismail. It could and Sports Department for the 35 be said that the majority of the lyrics created by SUKTRA were the artistic works of Haji Ramli received awards and accolades for his Ibrahim. He formed the Terengganu Dance and Music Party (SUKTRA) in the 1980s. work. These include: His active participation in the arts created the opportunity for Haji Ramli Ibrahim to travel • Excellent Service Award from the extensively to represent Terengganu and Malaysia within and outside the region. He Ministry of Youth and Sports (1978 participated in the Nine Art Festival in Hong Kong and 2003) • Long Service Medal from His Royal Highness the Sultan of Terengganu, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (2004) 3.2012 - Oral History Award from the Terengganu Public Library Corporation 4.2015 - Terengganu Arts Advocate from the Terengganu State Department Arts and Culture Division 148

ULEK MAYANG DANCE Today, the original Ulek Mayang was modified by Terengganu art practitioners by deleting all the superstitious elements that are contradictory to Islam. Even Ulek Mayang's song lyrics have been up to date to follow the dance idea. The songs no longer contain spells that are prohibited by Islam to adhere to the present situation. Its dance style and characters are also the result of the artists' creative imagination to create Ulek Mayang as a traditional Malaysian dance 149

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ZAPIN DANCE WHAT IS ZAP Malaysia is famous all over the world for Zapin dance is one of the most famous its multicultural society. It proved to be dances in Malaysia where Malaysians interesting for people from everywhere. As always know art because it has become a home for various ethnic groups, many a practice in this generation. Malaysia countries consider Malaysia as the best dances are beautiful and impressive. example to live in peace regardless of race With colourful costumes, measured and belief. In the end, you will find it movements, and mesmerizing music, all difficult to find in other countries that can dances have a story to tell. Traditional offer the same combination of colours, dance can be also known as folk dance cultures, food, festivals, and inspiration as or sometimes also known as ceremonial you find in Malaysia. One of the heritage dance. To introduce Zapin dance, some that is still popular which can be seen and research has been done to inform the still exists in Malaysia are traditional reader about Zapin dance culture. Zapin dances such as Zapin, Joget, Silat, Kuda dance is one of the various types of Kepang and many more. Dance can be Malay dance that still exists till today. defined as the dance art of body, foot and Zapin dance is derived from the Arabic hand movements followed by the rhythm word \"Zaffan\" which means dancer and of music and music instruments. \"Al-Zapin\" which means footwork. This dance was inspired by Arabs and known Zapin dance by male and female dancers in wedding to have originated in Yemen. ceremony. 153 (Redaksi, 2017)

ZAPIN DANCE PIN DANCE? Zapin dance is also an entertainment dance in the palace that plays by kings. In Zapin lyric it is also a religious. Before this Zapin dance only by male dancers, but now this dance also performed by female dancers. So, it means that is collaborating between female and male dancers. The various dances was developed and appeared in the Malay world. Therefore, the art of dance, Zapin Betawi, Zapin Traditional from Jakarta Zapin Melayu has covered its (Republika, 2018) characteristics. Zapin dance performances are also part of Indonesian and Malay. In fifties and sixties century, the Zapin dance really popular. In Zapin Johor dance also known in two categories which are, Zapin Arab and Zapin Melayu. Zapin dance in Johor already accept as a part of art Islamic and also functions as the entertainment at some of festivals and ceremonies. In another words of traditional Zapin Melayu Johor dance in softness and smoothness. But in Zapin Arab dance show more beautiful and Zapin dance as a heritage. also smooth dance in movement of (Kolej Tiga Belas (UPM), 2021) cultural. 154

ZAPIN DANCE In the thirteenth century, the tradition of dance and music in the Straits of Malacca and cultural nuances to be a marker of Malay- Muslim eclectic offerings coming from the Straits of Malacca. Formed through a syncretic adaptation of dance and singing performances trader- explorers-Hadrami Arab tradition that produced the show represents the embodiment of the original creative exploitation that combines two different worlds, the traditional Arab-Islamic patriarchal presentations and bilateral- Malay-Islamic influences. ‘Zapin Melayu’ is recognized by regional specificity which is often based on relation to the former regulation or Malay sultanate. In Sumatra, the Malay Zapin variants associated with the former fraternal Sultanate, Deli Serdang in North Sumatra; Sultanate of Resistance and Siak Sri Indraputra now Riau provinces; Jambi Sultanate and Palembang Sultanate, which share historical ties with the 7th to 13th century Sriwijaya kingdom; Sultanate of JohorRiau- Lingga in Penyengat, Bintan, and the kingdom of Karimu, Bengkalis and Tembelan (Mohd Anis Md Nor 2000: 17 -61, 249-291). ‘In Sumatra, the Malay Zapin variants associated with the former fraternal Sultanate, Deli Serdang in North Sumatra; Sultanate of Resistance and Siak Sri Indraputra now Riau provinces; Jambi Sultanate and Palembang Sultanate, which share historical ties with the 7th to 13th century Sriwijaya kingdom; Sultanate of JohorRiau- Lingga in Penyengat, Bintan, and the kingdom of Karimu, Bengkalis and Tembelan (Mohd Anis Md Nor 2000: 17 -61, 249-291). 155

Zapin dance is also popular in Indonesia such ZAPIN DANCE as in Sambas and Riau. In Brunei, Zapin is also known as ‘Jipin’ which is divided into two 156 dance categories namely ‘Zapin Laila Sembah’ (Jipin Laila Sembah) and ‘Zapin Tar’ (Jipin Tar). Zapin dance was introduced in Pekan Baru by a Sumatra songkok named Adam around the 1930s. However, this dance was very popular in the new town in the 1950s and 1960s, especially in the village of Tanjung Gemuk and the village of Lamir. Besides, one of traditional folk dance is ‘Zapin Johor’ dance. ‘Zapin Johor’ dance is reliable originality comes from Arabic where the mobility is fast and also there not much dance movement. The interesting thing ‘Zapin Johor’ dances is about the capability to make a feeling of companionship of musicians and dancers and also to expressive nature that can show among them so as to embarrass the dancers' shame when dance in public area. This condition means, this dance movement shows their importance efforts rather than individual efforts as well as marginalizing competition between players in groups and between groups. By seeing in this angle, the special and special rights in dance of ‘Zapin Johor’ are very clear.

ZAPIN DANCE Zapin Pulau Zapin Hanuman ‘Zapin Pulau’ was founded ‘Zapin Hanuman’ was founded by photographers by Pak Othman Mat Hussin, Syed Hanasuddin and Yahya Abd Hamid in the 1970s. ‘Zapin Hanuman’ was inspired by the 55, the founder and activist Ramayana and combined with dance dexterity from the Middle East. Her dance is of Zapin dance who has accompanied by fast rotation, jumping and kicking. It is said that dancers must have high founded the Mersing Island stamina when dancing because this movement is indeed fast and there is no rest. Heritage Zapin Group in Zapin Arabic Mersing. According to Pak ‘Zapin Arabic’ is one of the dance forms of Zapin art in the Othman, the ‘Zapin Pulau’ world. ‘Zapin Arab’ dance warrior (gengang) swing wider and higher and distinguish other genres such as ‘Zapin Melayu (Mersing) dance was Johor’. In addition, its rougher and harder dance moves as well as higher hand swings as well as harder leg movements brought by Raden Salleh definitely required more dancers’ energy. from Sambas, Indonesia who has migrated to Pahang. Pak Othman also explained the original movement of ‘Zapin Pulau’ dance based on daily activities and observations of the environment. Zapin Tenglu 1 Zapin Tenglu 1 was founded by Mr. Yakop bin Amir Hamzah, a ‘Zapin Tenglu 1’ dance activist, better known as Pak Akop. According to Pak Akop, he should undergo dance training with different exercises from one house to another. Before the dance practice is done, the dancers will recite ‘berzanji’ and ‘berqasidah’. Then, the Zapin dance is danced until late night. The movement of the dance on this mat will be able to measure the dancer's skills in moving the Zapin dance. ‘Zapin Tenglu’ dance is aggressive, slightly acrobatic and has unexpected but cheerful elements. TYPES OF157

ZAPIN DANCE ZAPIN DANCE Zapin Tenglu 2 ‘Zapin Tenglu 2’ was founded by Puan Habsah binti Mohamad or more commonly known as Mak Usu, currently 62 years old, is an active activist of Zapin dance art in Zapin Dance by male dancers Mersing district. Zapin Tenglu dance has the (Farah Afiqah, 2019) basics of dance movement in step 3, from step 3 to step 1, step 2, step 4, and so on. The uniqueness of Zapin Tenglu Dance is found in the style of Mak Usu when dancing, the left-hand rolls the cloth and the right- hand paddles, meanwhile both Mak Usu shoulders are moved once in a while. This adds to the variation and beauty of the tariff Zapin dance one of traditional dance in Malaysia movement. Furthermore, Mak Usu frankly (Majlis Bandaraya Alor Setar, 2020) said that every time she finished dancing a Zapin Tenglu Dance, she took a deep and Zapin Lenga peaceful satisfaction. Zapin Lenga is the only repertoire of ‘Zapin Melayu Johor’ oldest crime in the state. This tradition has also changed and its original form due to the involvement of female dancers who were once not allowed to dance the ‘Zapin Lenga’ dance in public. Various ‘Zapin Lenga’ has 6 Steps or Diversity, namely Step 1, Step 2, Step 3, Step 4, Step 5 and Performance Zapin Tenglu dance by male and Step 6. This Zapin is more to the softness and female dancers in wedding ceremony. sweetness of the dancers and is danced more (Fashion,2019) beautifully by the female Zapin dancers 158

ZAPIN DANCE This step in Zapin dance Z can be done forward or A The most basic version is the movement according to the backward or locally melody of the music and the movement. In this counts of one (1), two (2), three (3), and four (4). movement, the circumstances of the body In the certain case, the dancers are normally in an dancers need to interact upright position and quite with each other, so in this dance the performance is a a chest. way in couples. The couple of dancers then can do P some interaction with their respective partners by so some joking, chatting, or enjoying from music and also by dance of couple respectively. One interesting thing about Types of structural performance on basic step patterns I this Zapin dance is the (Norsimaa Mustaffa, & Muhammad Zaffwan Idris, 2017) N capability in existing a taste brotherhood by musicians and dancers as well as an expressive natural of decors which can be raised. 159

‘Zapin Melayu’ is famous for the subtlety of its dance MZAPIN DANCE moves is now the identity of the cultural artistic O heritage Malays are held in high esteem and dignity. V The state of Johor which is the main state who raised the culture has amassed over 20,000 zapin practitioners who consist of the elderly, adults, adolescents and children. E M (Arab Zapin Dance by dancers in competition, It turns out that Zapin Dance in Riau was E n.d.) originally only brought by dancers. (GoAceh, 2015) Zapin dance in movement shows the important of the joint efforts and not N individual efforts in addition to avoid competition between players in groups as well between groups. The affected by music of dance, art and Arab poem T that has been spread to Johor by ‘Pantai Barat’ of Johor and to the hinterland by river, its same Arab settlements in Malay villages. But, ‘Zapin Melayu’ is special because the filters while mixing Arabic art and the philosophy of Malay arts Islamic art. Usually, the word art sung in the song S160 for this dance is interspersed with religious elements such as \"salam\" and \"assalamualaikum\", words of counsel and commendation to the supremacy of religion and also the perfection of character.

ZAPIN DANCE Zapin dance focuses on steps with the foot position always closed and not low. Most body positions are always moving like rippling waves. The position of the hands is not clearly visible, both the right hand and the left hand are under the shoulder. Zapin dance is divided into 3 stages: Stage 1: Opening of the dance. Stage 2: Fractions or movements and dance moves. Stage 3: Closing the dance. Tahto 1 Tahto 2 This move means the humility and This move meaning refer to humility appreciation. This movement is and appreciation. This movement is displayed at the beginning of the always done after the Tahto movement Zapin dance. This movement is 1. This movement is performed 2 times performed twice at the beginning and at the beginning and at the end after end of the Zapin dance. This motion the Tahto 1 movement. This motion is is performed as many as 8 counts per performed as many as 8 counts per 1 1 time. time. Tahto 3 This move also refer to humility and appreciation. This movement is always performed after the Tahto 2 movement. This movement is performed 2 times as well at the beginning and ending after the Tahto 2 movement. This movement is performed as many as 8 counts per 1 time. 161

ZAPIN DANCE Shut This movement means prioritizing fairness and patience with balance. This movement is performed 2 times, namely Shut forward and Shut backward. This motion is performed as many as 16 counts per 1 time. Performance of Zapin Lenga which is the oldest Free Zapin dance in Johor. This movement is a movement that (Along Murni, 2019) always featured in Zapin dance. This movement is performed among other movements, some as many as 1 time or as many as 2 times. This motion is performed as many as 8 counts per 1 time. Wind Eyes This motion is performed after a free movement 1 time which was previously the movement of the elbow back and forth. This motion is performed 1 time as many as 16 counts. Riau Zapin Dance competition in Johor (Fashion, 2019) 162

ZAPIN DANCE Middle Dizziness This movement means concern for the environment. This motion is performed after a free movement 2 times which was previously the movement of the Rod Point back and forth. This movement is done twice, forward and backward. This motion is performed as many as 8 counts per 1 time Zapin Dance competition among students Elbow (Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2017) This movement means dynamic life. This motion is performed after a free movement 2 times which was previously a forward and backward Shut motion. This movement is done twice which are forward and backward. This motion is performed as many as 16 counts per 1 time. Stem Dots This movement means that the firmness of heart and skill in facing trials. This motion is performed after 2 free movements which was previously the Wind Eye movement. This motion is performed as many as 2 times, forward and backward, which between the forward and backward Rod Point movements there is 1 free movement that separates the movement. This motion is performed as many as 16 counts per 1 time. Zapin Dance competition among students (Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2017) 163

ZAPIN DANCE ZAPIN CLOTHES ([Clothes and accessories that use for male dancers in Clothing Zapin most suitable for Zapin dance], 2016) the male dancer is by wearing clothes matching Malay ([Clothes and accessories that use for female costume and textile trade in the dancers in Zapin dance], 2016) bond side and wearing a skull cap. Next, the suitable materials used to produce this dress are satin, Thai silk and fabrics with a texture or pattern of standing stripes. Side fabrics used are Muar pattern weaving horizontal pattern or other scattered songket fabric or full flower pattern The female dancer's dress is a patterned or empty ‘Baju Kurung Teluk Belanga’ that is matched with a chess or ‘songket’ pattern ‘songket’ fabric. Apart from that, other material used is also ‘songket’ cloth tied to trade outside and trimmed with a twist or belt. Other accessories worn are chains or hamlets, earrings and headdresses and buns and small flowers. 164

ZAPIN DANCE Tambourine The main music instruments used to accompany the Zapin dance are ‘gambus’, tambourine, drum and maracca. ‘Gambus’ excerpts to sing, while drum or tambourine beats determine the rhythm and breakdown of the dance. Among the Zapin songs are ‘Lancang Kuning’, ‘Zapin Asli’, ‘Gendang Rebana’ and others. ‘Gambus’ is a traditional music instrument Gambus from the Middle East. ’Gambus’ has 12 strings. His body was elongated round like a water pumpkin with its curved back. His neck is a connection from his body. It is quoted as playing the guitar. This music instrument is used in Ghazal or Zapin dance and to accompany singing and dancing. ‘Gendang ibu dan anak’ measure the length of this drum is 20 'equal to 50 cm. While the width of his face is 7 'radius. It is made of good wood and durable to produce good sound. It uses tiger skin on the right and goat skin on the left. Gendang ibu & 165 Gendang Anak

ZAPIN DANCE The surface of the left skin is played with Kemuning wood the hands while the right side is played with the beating of ‘Kemuning’ wood. Both types of drums have strings that make it easy to carry to the playgrounds. Around the drum is wrapped with 1-foot paper rattan. This tool is wrapped in a yellow cloth. Rebana ‘Rebana’ music instruments namely Malays made of goat skin, originating from the Middle East. The original word from the Arabic ‘rabbana’. It is often used in syncretic music ensembles such as Dondang Sayang, Joget, Inang, Masri and even Zapin dance. ‘Marwas’ is one of the clapping instruments or often referred to as percussion. This music instrument is collaboration between the arts of the Middle East and Betawi and has a strong religious element. This is reflected in the various song lyrics sung Marwas from the music instrument which is compliment and affection to the ‘Maha Pencipta’. ‘Marawis’ art comes from the middle-eastern countries, especially from Yemen. The name of ‘marawis’ is originated from the name of one of the music instrument that use in this dance. Rhythmic song of gambus is sung while accompanied by definite types of stroke1s6.6

ZZAPIN DANCE Zapin Melayu by Lesti A Andryani Menari menarilah jangan rasa malu P Menari menarilah sejujur hatimu I Indah tersusun tangan dihayun Kaki Menari menarilah tanpa rasa jemu melangkah mengikut rentak Berdentam-dentam dentum hoi tingkah rebana Cantik dan anggun senyum menguntum Gadis Melayu rancak bertandak Tampan Beralun-alun merdu hoi irama lagu Berderap-derap bunyi hoi kaki perkasa langkah pemuda Menyusun gerak pencak berseni Menjeling dara di melangkah Berpasang-pasang tari hoi geraknya tari ekor mata Menari menarilah tarian Melayu N Terpaut rasa oi dalam hati Alun-beralun Menari menarilah jangan rasa malu hai merdu dialun Irama lama tinggalan Menari menarilah sejujur hatimu sejarah Menari menarilah tanpa rasa jemu Janganlah canggung hai duduk Berdentam-dentam dentum hoi tingkah rebana mengalun Lagulah zapin rentak yang Beralun-alun merdu hoi urama lagu terindah Berderap-derap bunyi hoi kaki melangkah S Kilau bersinar emas suasa Di jari manis elok letaknya Walau dunia terbelah dua Berpasang-pasang tari hoi geraknya Seni ibunda tetap dijaga Cari yang buruk tari Menari menarilah tarian Melayu Menari menarilah jangan rasa malu kita elokkan Menari menarilah sejujur hatimu O Cari yang elok hoi dikembangkan Menari menarilah tanpa rasa16je7mu Berdentam-dentam dentum hoi tingkah N rebana G Beralun-alun merdu hoi irama lagu Berderap-derap bunyi hoi kaki melangkah Berpasang-pasang tari hoi geraknya tari Menari menarilah tarian Melayu

ZAPIN DANCE Ya Salam by Noriza Idris Dagang kemari zapin berkampung Bersatu adat terbilang seni Dagang kemari zapin berkampung Bersatu adat terbilang seni Alun madali gema senandung Sama sepakat membina janji Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Alun madali gema senandung Sama sepakat membina janji Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Marwas rebana satuan diri Palu bersendi gambus sempurna Marwas rebana satuan diri Palu bersendi gambus sempurna Gegar bentala segenap negeri Santunkan budi molek bahasa Ya salam L Ya salam Senandung ya salam Y R Gegar bentala segenap negeri Santunkan budi molek bahasa Ya salam I Ya salam Senandung ya salam C168 Gerak sekata bertingkah adu Sembah dan sisip dua berbeda Gerak sekata bertingkah adu Sembah dan sisip dua berbeda Satukan pulau sama berlagu Gema gemersik menyusun nada Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Satukan pulau sama berlagu Gema gemersik menyusun nada Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Petiklah gambus taqasim lagu Tegap kekuda langkahnya sasa Petiklah gambus taqasim lagu Tegap kekuda langkahnya sasa Bukan bendalu kita teraju Berkorban raga tegaklah bangsa Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Bukan bendalu kita teraju Berkorban raga tegaklah bangsa Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam

ZAPIN DANCE CONCLUSION In conclusion, “Traditional” term is usually often use in the emphasis on the roots of dance culture. Thus, traditional dances emerge from the cultural traditions of society, for example, folk dances from the natives of Europe. However, dances that have a ritual origin or purpose are usually not considered traditional dances. Instead, this is known as “religious dance‟. Traditional dance is usually more to social activity than competing, but usually choreographic. Various of Zapin Dance around the world ([Zapin Dance Competition in 2017], 2017) (Soloevent.id, 2015) Depending on the type of dance itself, traditional dances can be combined or solo, and are primarily danced in formation. The dances culture was passed from generation to generation to make sure it is not extinct and continues to be practiced in Malaysia. Some people not aware of the existence of the dances and less concerned in knowing the diversity of dance styles that hold different identities and storytelling. Thus, more exposure to dance culture needs to be implemented and introduced so that Malaysians are always acknowledging the customs and dance arts that once existed in the country. 169

CONCLUSION As the final words, Malaysia traditional dances are beautiful and unique. Although the real history of some of the traditional dances comes from other countries but still, the dances begin in Malaysia. Each dances have their specialities in term of the clothes, dance movements, songs and music instrument. As Malaysian, once the name of the dances being called or shown, they already know the steps, clothes to wear, songs related and so on. These traditional dances should always be introduced to the new generation or young people so that the dances from generation to generation won’t have any expired. Compared to dances today, there are not so much traditional element in the dances which is quite worrying. That is why the traditional dances must be continuous used and dance by everyone. To apply the traditional dances to the young people, the experienced and expert dancers can open dance classes to attract and teach them. School also one of the best place to gain students’ interests in dances. The students will be more expert since lots of practices will be given by teachers. There are many ways can be done to ensure the traditional dances are not dead. These dances are valuable, so Malaysian can simply forget it and throw it away from their mind and knowledge. They should appreciated it as a sign of support and love towards Malaysia. 170

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[Photograph of Princess and Pakyung Dress and Jewelry]. (2013). 182 https://Www.Kkmm.Gov.My/Pdf/Buku/Makyung.Pdf. [Photograph of pulut kuning]. (n.d.). https://www.shutterstock.com/search/pulut+kuning [Photograph of Rebana]. (n.d.). https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebana [Photograph of rice]. (2020). https://jovee.id/wp- content/uploads/2020/06/Beras_mentah_boleh_dimakan.jpg [Photograph Running in the makyung show]. (2013). https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf [Photograpgh of Samping]. (2020). https://www.omarali.com.my/wp- content/uploads/2020/05/13a-510x680.jpg [Photograph of Scarfs]. (n.d.). https://id-test- 11.slatic.net/p/472806a42c46746d7d9e7538d227c9ee.jpg [Photograph of Songkok]. (n.d.). https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/378800000500105661/ab34e017eaa4 af16e9655bf1f002eb09_400x400.jpeg [Photograph Spring Bazaar 2017: Zapin Dance Batch 16] (2017). http://cyberspaceandtime.com/DExcU9uB4KI.video+related [Photograph of Sultan Mahmud Shah Melaka]. (2013). https://dusunraja.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/mahmud.jpg?w=94&h=150 [Photograph of Tanjak Melayu]. (2014). https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c9/27/2a/c9272af7dee341866fd22ad485f2e12 1.jpg [Photograph of Tanjak Jawa]. (2014). http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_75NRagBxOOQ/THEclIyZDFI/AAAAAAAAAEY/bn sRPixc_OI/s320/images+2.jpg [Photograpgh of Tarian Inang Si Kunang-Kunang]. (n.d) https://www.facebook.com/PlanetJoget/photos/tarian-inang-si-kunang- kunang/1405253926378605/ [Photograph of Tarian Tradisional Melayu]. (n.d.). http://tariasli.50webs.com/tarian%20melayu.html [Photograph of Tengkolok]. (2018). https://pngimage.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/tanjak- png-2.png [Photograph of Terengganu State]. (2014). https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTFxmOJtZn1HK2zzk8GozdgitL1Z8 _M3yRdlQ&usqp=CAU Photograph of The fiddle player is known as the tok minduk]. (2013). https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf

[Photograph of their perfomance]. (2013). https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf [Photograph of the main character is saying something to Pak Yung. (2013). https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf [Photograph of The perfomance of Ulek Mayang dance. (2014). http://wexploreeast.blogspot.com/2014/11/ [Photograph of The ritual of Ulek Mayang]. (2009). http://sek2ganu.blogspot.com/2009/04/ulek-mayang.html [Photograph of Ritual of Ulek Mayang]. (2015). https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/song- sea [Photograph of The ritual of Ulek Mayang. (n.d.). Http://Sek2ganu.Blogspot.Com/2009/04/Ulek-Mayang.Html. [Photograph of Tukang Karut- dikir barat]. (n.d). https://dikirbarattmx.weebly.com/tukang- karut.html [Photograph of Ulek Mayang Dance]. (n.d.). https://steemkr.com/life/@ainie.kashif/hhg11- malaysian-traditional-dances-exotic-and-enchanting [Photograph of Ulek Mayang Dance. (n.d.). https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=lzRuFOwaUx0 [Photograph of Ulek Mayang dance performance]. (n.d.). Retrieved 20-10, from https://pemetaanbudaya.my/culture/dis/258 [Photograph of Ulek Mayang tarian tradisional Terengganu]. (n.d.). https://www.themalayapost.my/ulek-mayang-tarian-tradisional-terengganu/ [Photograph of Wan Salmah Wan Sulaiman]. (n.d.). https://ganupedia.com/2018/09/wan- salmah-wan-sulaiman/ [Photograph of Warisan Seni Melayu] (2016). http://504oxford.blogspot.com/ [Photograph of women performing on stage]. (2016). https://img.haikudeck.com/mi/b743650c0125d1f0f80f71f5f6906b2e.jpg [Photograph of Violin]. (n.d.) https://bentleymusic.com/wp- content/uploads/2019/07/115_CT_Violine_front_web.jpg [Photograph of Violin]. (n.d.). https://fiddlershop.com/products/fiddlerman-concert-violin-outfit [Photograph of Zapin dance]. (2019). https://zapinmelayujohor.blogspot.com/ Puan Khatijah Binti Anting Primadona Mak Yung. (2013). [Photograph]. https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/makyung.pdf Purwanto, Dwi. (2018).THE REFERENCE OF THE REOG [Photograph]. SMPN 1 Bungkal. https://smpnbungkal.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-reference-of-reog.html Puteri Bunian. (n.d.). .[Photograph] http://hamblidesign.blogspot.com/2011/03/my-design- 183 poster-ulek-mayang-polaroid.html

Qaseh Farizan. (2013). Teknik Mengambil ukuran Baju Melayu Cekak Musang. [Photograph] https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/teknikmengambilukuranbaju melayucekakmusang-130226221538-phpapp01-thumbnail- 4.jpg?cb=1361917392 Republika. (2018). Zapin Khas Melayu Islam, Magnet Budaya di Meskom Bengkalis. [Photography]. Google https://www.republika.co.id/tag/tari-zapin Riau Magazine. (2011). Dabus Seni Dari Kesultanan Indragiri - Warisan Budaya Tak Benda Riau [Photograph]. Google. https://images.app.goo.gl/uUz8JkKXGaNLbx138 Ritual of Ulek Mayang. (2015). Https://Www.Nst.Com.My/News/2015/09/Song-Sea. Retrieved 20-11, from https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/09/song-sea Rohaizam Rosli (2011).Seni Budaya: Tarian Inang. [Photograph] https://1.bp.blogspot.com/- xSH82QCBWgQ/ThvbViEJFYI/AAAAAAAAAhs/_0lbCUTNjPM/w1200- h630-p-k-no- nu/9319_1236714072049_1055156935_771495_3777006_n.jpg S. Huges (n.d.).Alat Muzik Tradisional Melayu. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d4/50/90/d450902f52c62e9b9d7707a2e40e abee.gif Sakurai Midori(2009). Chicken eggs.JPG. [Photograph]. Google. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Telur_ayam_kampu ng.JPG Semarak Seni Dikir Barat. (n.d). [image] fhttps://upm.edu.my/images/news/18754_bm.jpg Soloevent.id. (2015). Zapin Dance from many countries. [Photograph]. Google http://soloevent.id/en/home-2/ Sriwana. (2016). Rasas – Ronggeng [Photograph]. Google. https://images.app.goo.gl/avwajoHLYsJ9okUBA Suprijanto Al Hanif. (n.d). Pencak Silat, Kehidupan Pendesaan, Seni Bela Diri. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/389842911465519360/0/ The art of Ulek Mayang Dance. (n.d.). Retrieved 20-11, from http://titianterengganu.blogspot.com/p/kesenian.html The sun daily (2019). Malaysia’s Silat Receives Unesco Recognition. https://www.thesundaily.my/local/malaysia-s-silat-receives-unesco- recognition-GJ1759976 Universiti Putra Malaysia. (2017). 2017 Zapin Festival Interkolej (ZaFest). [Photograph]. Google https://upm.edu.my/berita/2017_zapin_festival_interkolej_zafest- 30344?L=en 184

Upacara Ulek Mayang. (2013). Http://Ceriteradimensi.Blogspot.Com/2013/01/Misteri- Tarian-Ulik-Mayang.Html. Retrieved 20-11, from http://ceriteradimensi.blogspot.com/2013/01/misteri-tarian-ulik- mayang.html Villongco, Zean. (2019). Johor Sojourns Into The Sumptuous [Photograph]. https://www.asiantraveleronline.com/features/article/johor-sojourns- into-the-sumptuous/ Volina. (2018). Map malaysia vector image[Photograph]. Google. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/map-malaysia-vector- 1607161 Z,Mohamad. (2012). The yong character in Mak Yong theatre, Zainab Awang. [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Report%3A-The-Mak-Yong- Spiritual-Dance-Heritage-and- Mohamad/4437f0396ea648dc0719e00afee7f407cdbb5b26/figure/0pak 185

A C Accessories ,11, 70, 90,164, Caliph, 28, 29, 31, 33 Adat, 115,168 Caliph clothes, 28, 29, Anak Dabus, 33, 34 Canang, 48, 106 Ancak, 71 Cardophone, 58, Animal mask, 9, 13 Chinese, 13, 86, 92, 117, 118 Anting, 111 Coarse yarn, 107 Arab-Islamic, 155 Combat, 115, 117, 118, 128, 136 Arena, 31, 33, 34, 50, 67, 76, 77 Copper, 57, 71, 105, 106 Art, 9,10, 14, 21, 22, 25, 69, 70, 85, 95, 96, Culture, 3, 9, 10, 22, 53, 67, 70 86, 95, 97, 112, 115, 116, 120, 125, 129, 134 96, 101, 118, 119, 120, 143, 152, 159 Curse, 79 B Baju Kurung, 56, 89, 122, 164 D Baju Melayu, 87, 88, 121, 122 Dabus dance, 1, 2, 3, 25, Bamboo Shoot, 102, 107 26, 27, 31, 34, Barong, 9, 11, 12 Dancers, 58, 62, 69, 70, 74,75, 76, Barongan dance, 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 77,79, 81, 86, 90, 93, 139, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22 140,143,154, 156, 157, 158, 159, Bersawai , 76 170 Blade, 73, 126, 127, 128 Danyang, 74, 76 Bonang, 16, 17, 18, 71 Darul Ihsan Youth Society, 147 Braided horses, 74, 69 Demung, 17, 18 Brundo and Branle, 54 Drum, 16, 17, 54, 58, 72, 86, 92, 107, 120, Bun, 164 124, 142, 165, 166 E 186 East Coast RTM Orchestra 148 Esoteric, 115 Exoteric, 115

F K Female dancer, 28, 56, 89, 90, Kebaya, 56, 89 -90, 104 164 Kesi, 106 Flute, 106 Kethuk, 17 Kempul, 17, 19 G Kempun, 70 Gambus, 165 Kendang, 16-17 Gamelan, 16, 19, 60, 143 Ketopang, 70 Gendang anak, 105, 124, 142, 165 Kicks, 116 Gendang ibu, 105, 124, 142, 165 Knife, 126, 127 Gong, 16, 17, 30, 47, 57, 72, 92, 105, Kris, 31, 127 142 Kuda Kepang, 11, 14, 31, 63, 65-79, 81 H M Heterogeneous, 125 Maids, 109 Horses, 14, 31, 67, 68, 74, 76 Mak Inang dance, 83-88, 95-96 I Mak Yung, Muda, 101-103, 109, 111- Idiophone, 17, 57 Instrument, 16, 30, 47, 48, 57, 71, 72, 112 92, 105, 124, 142, 165 Islam, 12, 21, 27, 68, 154, 155 Malacca, 54, 56, 155 J Malaysia, 3, 9-11, 13-14, 21-22, 53, 69, Jackfruit, 57, 107 Jasmine Flowers, 103, 104 71, 96-97, 101, 116, 119-120, 122, 126, Jathil, 13 Javanese, 10,14, 68, 71 148, 153, 170 Jidur, 74 Joget Dance, 51 Male dancer, 28, 58, 87, 91, Joget Gamelan, 60 93,140, 143, 154 Martial art, 13, 25, 119-120, 124- 125,127, 129 Marwas, 166 Melayu, 28, 55, 73, 87-88, 112, 121-122, 154-155 Melody, 71-72, 140 187

Membranophone, 57, 72 S Movement, 25, 31-33, 58-60, 65, Sajen 32, 75 74, 93, 115, 153--154, 156-163 Samping 70,88 Myths, 11, 146 Seberang 133,135, Siam 39,40,112 N Sibar fabric 104 Naik syeh, 78-79 Silk sarong 104,163 Nine Art Festival, 148 Social dance 53 Sola 31,45,74 O Somber 137 Origin, 10, 117, 169 Songket 43,121,164 Songkok 29, 55, 87, 88, 122, P 123, 156 Pak Yung. Muda 103, 109 Song lyrics 80,94,149,166 Palm blossom 136, 139, 140, Spiritual 10, 65, 115, 119,146, 141 173 Pengeras 78, Sprint 32,75,76 Portuguese 53, 54, 58 Stages 14,119,161 Primadona Puan Khatijah, Anting, 111, Step 33,34,58,107,115,158,159,161,171 112 Stereotypic, 116 Puteri Bunian 136, SUKTRA(Terengganu Music Party) 148,175 Puteri 10, 28, 109, 136, 144, 145 Sultan Umar 133,135 Sword 117, 121 R Rangda 10, 13 T Rebab 102,107, 108 Taboo 25,34,65,78,79,117,121 Rebana 30,37, 57, 92, 165, 166, Tanah Arab 69 167, 168, 171,173, 179 Tandak 54,58,167 Reference, 115, 171 Tanjak, 28, 70, 123, 177 Rongeng 53 Rhythm 9, 14, 16, 33, 45, 58, 76, 188 86, 87, 93, 107, 124, 153,165,166

Tambourine 33,47,54,86,165 Z Tawak 47,48,105 Zapin, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, Techniques 31, 73, 74, 116, 117, 118, 161 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, Tengkolok 29, 43, 70 168, 171, 172, 173, 176 Tok minduk 107 Zapin Arab, 154, 157 Tongkat 128 Zapin Hanuman, 157 Topang 70, 128 Zapin Johor, 154, 156 Tournaments 125 Zapin Lenga, 158 Tradisional 172,174,176 Zapin Melayu, 154, 155, 157, 158, U 160, 167 Ulek Mayang, 1, 2, 3, 131, 133, 134, 135, Zapin Pulau, 157 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, Zapin Tenglu 1, 157 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 174, 175 Zapin Tenglu 2, 158 Ulek Mayang dance, 1, 2, 3, 131, 133, 134, 141, 146, 147 Uniform, 41, 43, 57, 121 V Violin, 54, 57, 86, 92, 107, 175 W Wali songo, 65, 66, 67 Warriors, 117 Weapons, 25, 33, 118, 126, 127 Wedding ceremony, 3, 54, 69, 86 Wooden sticks, 105 Worship, 11, 21,32, 33, 77, 88, 133 189

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