FULL ENCYCLOPEDIA

MUSICAL LYRICS Ulek mayang ku ulek Ulek dengan jala jemala Ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan tuannya puteri Ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan jala jemala Ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan puterinya dua Puteri dua berbaju serong Puteri dua bersanggol sendeng Puteri dua bersubang gading Puteri dua berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan puterinya empa Puteri empat berbaju serong Puteri empat bersanggol sendeng Puteri empat bersubang gading Puteri empat berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan puterinya enam144

Puteri enam berbaju serong Puteri enam bersanggol sendeng Puteri enam bersubang gading Puteri enam berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan puterinya tujuh Puteri tujuh berbaju serong Puteri tujuh bersanggol sendeng Puteri tujuh bersubang gading Puteri tujuh berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan tuannya puteri Tuan puteri berbaju serong Tuan puteri bersanggol sendeng Tuan puteri bersubang gading Tuan puteri berselendang kuning Umbok mayang diumbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Nok ulek mayang diulek Ulek dengan tuannya puteri Ku tahu asal usul mu Yang laut balik ke laut Yang darat balik ke darat Nasi berwarna hamba sembahkan Umbok mayang ku umbok Umbok dengan jala jemala Pulih mayang ku pulih Pulih balik sedia kala 145

MYTHS AND BELIEFE Ulek Mayang dance has its myth and belief common to Terengganu society. When discussing the aspect of Ulek Mayang‘s beliefs, we cannot but mention the mystical elements and myths of the time before Ulek Mayang was transformed into his present form. In the old days before the advent of Islam, local communities believed in animism. In essence, Ulek Mayang relates to rituals of spiritual and physical life, such as the creation of gestures that are part of the performance. Another assumption was the presentation of ‘pulut kuning” at the Ulek Mayang” ceremony as a gesture of thanks to the seven princesses. In a ceremony, the yellow glutinous rice has its meaning. Before the rise of Islam, this was an important aspect of the Ulek Mayang ritual, but today, yellow glutinous rice is eaten as a delicacy at most rituals, such as tahlil prayers, marriages and formal events, or as a present tovisitors 146

ULEK MAYANG PERSONALITIES Wan Salmah Wan Sulaiman, preferred admitted Wan Salmah as Mummy Salmah, is the original Ulek Mayang Wan Sulaiman performer. She was constructed by her foster mother and at the age of five started to take a Wan Salmah received several awards particular interest in dance. She also went to the and accolades for the involvement Malaya theatre performance, during which she performing arts. These include: would practise the dance movement used in the plays. The Meritorious Service Medal from the Sultan of Terengganu (1992) Her strong curiosity in dance prompted Wan Salmah to attend school concerts on Heroes' Day The Medal of the Order of the or Popy's Day. She would also take part in Defender of the Realm from the dances, and from there, her love of the art form Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1979). flourished. At the age of 13, Wan Salmah entered The Order of the Crown of a cultural community named the Darul Ihsan Terengganu (1992) Youth Society, based in Jalan Banggol, Kuala Terengganu. Jury’s Special Award (Terengganu State Cultural Figure, 1990) Darul Ihsan Youth Society has been active in song and dance performances. Terengganu State Government Excellent Service Award (1987) Terengganu was represented at dance competitions throughout Malaysia and even won Terengganu State Art and Cultural first place. Wan Salmah performed the Ulek Figure Award (2016) To this day, mayang dance as a singer as well as the seventh Wan Salmah remains actively princess, the main character of the Ulek mayang involved in the arts. dance. Apart from that, Wan Salmah, though the Darul Ihsan Youth Society, also performed on television shows, royal functions such as the Sultan's birthday celebration, and performances during the official duties of the Chief Minister's residence. 147

Haji Ramli Ibrahim, a revered artistic exponent of Haji Ramli Kampung Pasir Panjang, Terengganu is one of Ibrahim Ulek Mayang most active artists to this day. He achieved Ulek Mayang both as a singer and as a in 1984, dancer. Haji Ramli Ibrahim has been singing since primary school. He's won the R. Azmi the Visit Malaysia Projects in Europe in Champion Trophy in the early 1960s and in 1998 won the P. Ramlee Champion Trophy organized Frankfurt, Paris, London, Amsterdam, by the UMNO branch of the Ladang State Legislative Assembly. In 1973, he was involved in Milan, and Zurich in November- the arts, the East Coast RTM Orchestra (RTM Kuala Terengganu, now Terengganu FM). He December 1998, and the launch of the began his career as a late dancer and singer in the arts. Malaysia Airlines flight to Johannesburg Haji Ramli liked to sing folk songs during intermissions and to sing in dances, including in 1992. “Ulek Mayang” and Wan Salmah Sulaiman. In 1975 he became an Agmelan guitarist and later Haji Ramli has also served with the Youth started writing lyrics for songs written by Zamani Taha, Ramli Muda, and Md Dzarif Ismail. It could and Sports Department for the 35 be said that the majority of the lyrics created by SUKTRA were the artistic works of Haji Ramli received awards and accolades for his Ibrahim. He formed the Terengganu Dance and Music Party (SUKTRA) in the 1980s. work. These include: His active participation in the arts created the • Excellent Service Award from the opportunity for Haji Ramli Ibrahim to travel extensively to represent Terengganu and Ministry of Youth and Sports (1978 Malaysia within and outside the region. He participated in the Nine Art Festival in Hong Kong and 2003) • Long Service Medal from His Royal Highness the Sultan of Terengganu, Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (2004) 3.2012 - Oral History Award from the Terengganu Public Library Corporation 4.2015 - Terengganu Arts Advocate from the Terengganu State Department Arts and Culture Division 148

Today, the original Ulek Mayang was modified by Terengganu art practitioners by deleting all the superstitious elements that are contradictory to Islam. Even Ulek Mayang's song lyrics have been up to date to follow the dance idea. The songs no longer contain spells that are prohibited by Islam to adhere to the present situation. Its dance style and characters are also the result of the artists' creative imagination to create Ulek Mayang as a traditional Malaysian dance 149

150

151

WHAT IS ZAP Malaysia is famous all over the world for Zapin dance is one of the most famous its multicultural society. It proved to be dances in Malaysia where Malaysians interesting for people from everywhere. As always know art because it has become a home for various ethnic groups, many a practice in this generation. Malaysia countries consider Malaysia as the best dances are beautiful and impressive. example to live in peace regardless of race With colorful costumes, measured and belief. In the end, you will find it movements, and mesmerizing music, all difficult to find in other countries that can dances have a story to tell. Traditional offer the same combination of colors, dance can be also known as folk dance cultures, food, festivals, and inspiration as or sometimes also known as ceremonial you find in Malaysia. One of the heritage dance. To introduce Zapin dance, some that is still popular which can be seen and research has been done to inform the still exists in Malaysia are traditional reader about Zapin dance culture. Zapin dances such as Zapin, Joget, Silat, Kuda dance is one of the various types of Kepang and many more. Dance can be Malay dance that still exists till today. defined as the dance art of body, foot and Zapin dance is derived from the Arabic hand movements followed by the rhythm word \"Zaffan\" which means dancer and of music and musical instruments. \"Al-Zapin\" which means footwork. This dance was inspired by Arabs and1k5n2own to have originated in Yemen.

PIN DANCE? Zapin dance is also an entertainment dance in the palace that plays by kings. In Zapin lyric it is also a religious. Before this Zapin dance only by male dancers, but now this dance also performed by female dancers. So, it means that is collaborating between female and male dancers. The various dances was developed and appeared in the Malay world. Therefore, the art of dance, Zapin Melayu has covered its characteristics. Zapin dance performances are also part of Indonesian and Malay. In fifties and sixties century, the Zapin dance really popular. In Zapin Johor dance also known in two categories which are, Zapin Arab and Zapin Melayu. Zapin dance in Johor already accept as a part of art Islamic and also functions as the entertainment at some of festivals and ceremonies. In another words of traditional Zapin Melayu Johor dance in softness and smoothness. But in Zapin Arab dance show more beautiful and also smooth dance in movement of cultural. 153

In the thirteenth century, the tradition of dance and music in the Straits of Malacca and cultural nuances to be a marker of Malay- Muslim eclectic offerings coming from the Straits of Malacca. Formed through a syncretic adaptation of dance and singing performances trader- explorers-Hadrami Arab tradition that produced the show represents the embodiment of the original creative exploitation that combines two different worlds, the traditional Arab-Islamic patriarchal presentations and bilateral- Malay-Islamic influences. ‘Zapin Melayu’ is recognized by regional specificity which is often based on relation to the former regulation or Malay sultanate. In Sumatra, the Malay Zapin variants associated with the former fraternal Sultanate, Deli Serdang in North Sumatra; Sultanate of Resistance and Siak Sri Indraputra now Riau provinces; Jambi Sultanate and Palembang Sultanate, which share historical ties with the 7th to 13th century Sriwijaya kingdom; Sultanate of JohorRiau- Lingga in Penyengat, Bintan, and the kingdom of Karimu, Bengkalis and Tembelan (Mohd Anis Md Nor 2000: 17 -61, 249-291). ‘In Sumatra, the Malay Zapin variants associated with the former fraternal Sultanate, Deli Serdang in North Sumatra; Sultanate of Resistance and Siak Sri Indraputra now Riau provinces; Jambi Sultanate and Palembang Sultanate, which share historical ties with the 7th to 13th century Sriwijaya kingdom; Sultanate of JohorRiau- Lingga in Penyengat, Bintan, and the kingdom of Karimu, Bengkalis and Tembelan (Mohd Anis Md Nor 2000: 17 -61, 249-291). 154

Zapin dance is also popular in Indonesia such as in Sambas and Riau. In Brunei, Zapin is also known as ‘Jipin’ which is divided into two dance categories namely ‘Zapin Laila Sembah’ (Jipin Laila Sembah) and ‘Zapin Tar’ (Jipin Tar). Zapin dance was introduced in Pekan Baru by a Sumatra songkok named Adam around the 1930s. However, this dance was very popular in the new town in the 1950s and 1960s, especially in the village of Tanjung Gemuk and the village of Lamir. Besides, one of traditional folk dance is ‘Zapin Johor’ dance. ‘Zapin Johor’ dance is reliable originality comes from Arabic where the mobility is fast and also there not much dance movement. The interesting thing ‘Zapin Johor’ dances is about the capability to make a feeling of companionship of musicians and dancers and also to expressive nature that can show among them so as to embarrass the dancers' shame when dance in public area. This condition means, this dance movement shows their importance efforts rather than individual efforts as well as marginalizing competition between players in groups and between groups. By seeing in this angle, the special and special rights in dance of ‘Zapin Johor’ are very clear. 155

Zapin Hanuman Zapin Pulau ‘Zapin Hanuman’ was founded by photographers Syed Hanasuddin and Yahya ‘Zapin Pulau’ was founded Abd Hamid in the 1970s. ‘Zapin Hanuman’ was inspired by the Ramayana and by Pak Othman Mat Hussin, combined with dance dexterity from the Middle East. Her dance is accompanied by 55, the founder and activist fast rotation, jumping and kicking. It is said that dancers must have high stamina when of Zapin dance who has dancing because this movement is indeed fast and there is no rest. founded the Mersing Island Zapin Arabic Heritage Zapin Group in ‘Zapin Arabic’ is one of the dance forms of Zapin art in the world. ‘Zapin Arab’ dance warrior (gengang) swing wider and Mersing. According to Pak higher and distinguish other genres such as ‘Zapin Melayu Johor’. In addition, its rougher and harder dance moves as Othman, the ‘Zapin Pulau’ well as higher hand swings as well as harder leg movements definitely required more dancers’ energy. (Mersing) dance was brought by Raden Salleh from Sambas, Indonesia who has migrated to Pahang. Pak Othman also explained the original movement of ‘Zapin Pulau’ dance based on daily activities and observations of the environment. Zapin Tenglu 1 Zapin Tenglu 1 was founded by Mr. Yakop bin Amir Hamzah, a ‘Zapin Tenglu 1’ dance activist, better known as Pak Akop. According to Pak Akop, he should undergo dance training with different exercises from one house to another. Before the dance practice is done, the dancers will recite ‘berzanji’ and ‘berqasidah’. Then, the Zapin dance is danced until late night. The movement of the dance on this mat will be able to measure the dancer's skills in moving the Zapin dance. ‘Zapin Tenglu’ dance is aggressive, slightly acrobatic and has unexpected but cheerful elements. TYPES OF156

ZAPIN DANCE Zapin Tenglu 2 ‘Zapin Tenglu 2’ was founded by Puan Habsah binti Mohamad or more commonly known as Mak Usu, currently 62 years old, is an active activist of Zapin dance art in Mersing district. Zapin Tenglu dance has the basics of dance movement in step 3, from step 3 to step 1, step 2, step 4, and so on. The uniqueness of Zapin Tenglu Dance is found in the style of Mak Usu when dancing, the left-hand rolls the cloth and the right- hand paddles, meanwhile both Mak Usu shoulders are moved once in a while. This adds to the variation and beauty of the tariff movement. Furthermore, Mak Usu frankly said that every time she finished dancing a Zapin Tenglu Dance, she took a deep and peaceful satisfaction. Zapin Lenga Zapin Lenga is the only repertoire of ‘Zapin Melayu Johor’ oldest crime in the state. This tradition has also changed and its original form due to the involvement of female dancers who were once not allowed to dance the ‘Zapin Lenga’ dance in public. Various ‘Zapin Lenga’ has 6 Steps or Diversity, namely Step 1, Step 2, Step 3, Step 4, Step 5 and Step 6. This Zapin is more to the softness and sweetness of the dancers and is danced more beautifully by the female Zapin dancers 157

The most basic version is the This step in Zapin dance Z movement according to the can be done forward or A melody of the music and the counts of one (1), two (2), three backward or locally (3), and four (4). movement. In this In the certain case, the movement, the dancers need to interact circumstances of the body with each other, so in this dancers are normally in an dance the performance is a upright position and quite way in couples. The couple of dancers then can do a chest. some interaction with their respective partners by so P some joking, chatting, or enjoying from music and I also by dance of couple N respectively. 158 One interesting thing about this Zapin dance is the capability in existing a taste brotherhood by musicians and dancers as well as an expressive natural of decors which can be raised.

‘Zapin Melayu’ is famous for the subtlety of its dance M moves is now the identity of the cultural artistic O heritage Malays are held in high esteem and dignity. V The state of Johor which is the main state who raised the culture has amassed over 20,000 zapin practitioners who consist of the elderly, adults, adolescents and children. E M E Zapin dance in movement shows the important of the joint efforts and not N individual efforts in addition to avoid competition between players in groups as well between groups. The affected by music of dance, art and Arab poem that has been spread to Johor by ‘Pantai Barat’ of Johor and to the T hinterland by river, its same Arab settlements in Malay villages. But, ‘Zapin Melayu’ is special because the filters while mixing Arabic art and the philosophy of Malay arts Islamic art. Usually, the word art sung in the song S159 for this dance is interspersed with religious elements such as \"salam\" and \"assalamualaikum\", words of counsel and commendation to the supremacy of religion and also the perfection of character.

Zapin dance focuses on steps with the foot position always closed and not low. Most body positions are always moving like rippling waves. The position of the hands is not clearly visible, both the right hand and the left hand are under the shoulder. Zapin dance is divided into 3 stages: Stage 1: Opening of the dance. Stage 2: Fractions or movements and dance moves. Stage 3: Closing the dance. Tahto 1 Tahto 2 This move means the humility and This move meaning refer to humility appreciation. This movement is and appreciation. This movement is displayed at the beginning of the always done after the Tahto movement Zapin dance. This movement is 1. This movement is performed 2 times performed twice at the beginning and at the beginning and at the end after end of the Zapin dance. This motion the Tahto 1 movement. This motion is is performed as many as 8 counts per performed as many as 8 counts per 1 1 time. time. Tahto 3 This move also refer to humility and appreciation. This movement is always performed after the Tahto 2 movement. This movement is performed 2 times as well at the beginning and ending after the Tahto 2 movement. This movement is performed as many as 8 counts per 1 time. 160

Shut This movement means prioritizing fairness and patience with balance. This movement is performed 2 times, namely Shut forward and Shut backward. This motion is performed as many as 16 counts per 1 time. Wind Eyes Free This motion is performed after a free This movement is a movement that movement 1 time which was previously always featured in Zapin dance. This the movement of the elbow back and movement is performed among other forth. This motion is performed 1 time as movements, some as many as 1 time or many as 16 counts. as many as 2 times. This motion is performed as many as 8 counts per 1 time. 161

Middle Dizziness Elbow This movement means concern for the This movement means dynamic environment. This motion is performed after life. This motion is performed a free movement 2 times which was after a free movement 2 times previously the movement of the Rod Point which was previously a forward back and forth. This movement is done and backward Shut motion. This twice, forward and backward. This motion is movement is done twice which performed as many as 8 counts per 1 time are forward and backward. This motion is performed as many as Stem Dots 16 counts per 1 time. This movement means that the firmness of heart and skill in facing trials. This motion is performed after 2 free movements which was previously the Wind Eye movement. This motion is performed as many as 2 times, forward and backward, which between the forward and backward Rod Point movements there is 1 free movement that separates the movement. This motion is performed as many as 16 counts per 1 time. 162

ZAPIN CLOTHES Clothing Zapin most suitable for the male dancer is by wearing clothes matching Malay costume and textile trade in the bond side and wearing a skull cap. Next, the suitable materials used to produce this dress are satin, Thai silk and fabrics with a texture or pattern of standing The female dancer's dress is a patterned or empty stripes. Side fabrics used are ‘Baju Kurung Teluk Belanga’ that is matched with a Muar pattern weaving chess or ‘songket’ pattern ‘songket’ fabric. Apart horizontal pattern or other from that, other material used is also ‘songket’ scattered songket fabric or full cloth tied to trade outside and trimmed with a twist flower pattern or belt. Other accessories worn are chains or hamlets, earrings and headdresses and buns and small flowers. 163

The main musical instruments used to accompany the Zapin dance are ‘gambus’, tambourine, drum and maracca. ‘Gambus’ excerpts to sing, while drum or tambourine beats determine the rhythm and breakdown of the dance. Among the Zapin songs are ‘Lancang Kuning’, ‘Zapin Asli’, ‘Gendang Rebana’ and others. ‘Gambus’ is a traditional musical instrument from the Middle East. ’Gambus’ has 12 strings. His body was elongated round like a water pumpkin with its curved back. His neck is a connection from his body. It is quoted as playing the guitar. This musical instrument is used in Ghazal or Zapin dance and to accompany singing and dancing. ‘Gendang ibu dan anak’ measure the length of this drum is 20 'equal to 50 cm. While the width of his face is 7 'radius. It is made of good wood and durable to produce good sound. It uses tiger skin on the right and goat skin on the left. 164

The surface of the left skin is played with the hands while the right side is played with the beating of ‘Kemuning’ wood. Both types of drums have strings that make it easy to carry to the playgrounds. Around the drum is wrapped with 1-foot paper rattan. This tool is wrapped in a yellow cloth. ‘Rebana’ musical instruments namely Malays made of goat skin, originating from the Middle East. The original word from the Arabic ‘rabbana’. It is often used in syncretic music ensembles such as Dondang Sayang, Joget, Inang, Masri and even Zapin dance. ‘Marwas’ is one of the clapping instruments or often referred to as percussion. This musical instrument is collaboration between the arts of the Middle East and Betawi and has a strong religious element. This is reflected in the various song lyrics sung from the musical instrument which is compliment and affection to the ‘Maha Pencipta’. ‘Marawis’ art comes from the middle-eastern countries, especially from Yemen. The name of ‘marawis’ is originated from the name of one of the musical instrument that use in this dance. Rhythmic song of gambus is sung while accompanied by definite types of stroke1s6.5

Z Zapin Melayu by Lesti A Andryani P Menari menarilah jangan rasa malu I Indah tersusun tangan dihayun Kaki Menari menarilah sejujur hatimu melangkah mengikut rentak Menari menarilah tanpa rasa jemu Berdentam-dentam dentum hoi Cantik dan anggun senyum menguntum tingkah rebana Gadis Melayu rancak bertandak Tampan Beralun-alun merdu hoi irama lagu perkasa langkah pemuda Menyusun Berderap-derap bunyi hoi kaki gerak pencak berseni Menjeling dara di melangkah Berpasang-pasang tari ekor mata hoi geraknya tari N Terpaut rasa oi dalam hati Alun-beralun Menari menarilah tarian Melayu hai merdu dialun Irama lama tinggalan Menari menarilah jangan rasa malu sejarah Menari menarilah sejujur hatimu Menari menarilah tanpa rasa jemu Janganlah canggung hai duduk Berdentam-dentam dentum hoi mengalun Lagulah zapin rentak yang tingkah rebana terindah Beralun-alun merdu hoi urama lagu Berderap-derap bunyi hoi kaki S Kilau bersinar emas suasa Di jari manis melangkah elok letaknya Walau dunia terbelah dua Seni ibunda tetap dijaga Cari yang buruk Berpasang-pasang tari hoi geraknya tari Menari menarilah tarian Melayu kita elokkan Menari menarilah jangan rasa malu O Cari yang elok hoi dikembangkan Menari menarilah sejujur hatimu Berdentam-dentam dentum hoi tingkah Menari menarilah tanpa rasa16je6mu N rebana G Beralun-alun merdu hoi irama lagu Berderap-derap bunyi hoi kaki melangkah Berpasang-pasang tari hoi geraknya tari Menari menarilah tarian Melayu

Ya Salam by Noriza Idris Dagang kemari zapin berkampung Bersatu adat terbilang seni Dagang kemari zapin berkampung Bersatu adat terbilang seni Alun madali gema senandung Sama sepakat membina janji Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Alun madali gema senandung Sama sepakat membina janji Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Marwas rebana satuan diri Palu bersendi gambus sempurna Marwas rebana satuan diri Palu bersendi gambus sempurna Gegar bentala segenap negeri Santunkan budi molek bahasa Ya salam L Ya salam Senandung ya salam Y R Gegar bentala segenap negeri Santunkan budi molek bahasa Ya salam I Ya salam Senandung ya salam C167 Gerak sekata bertingkah adu Sembah dan sisip dua berbeda Gerak sekata bertingkah adu Sembah dan sisip dua berbeda Satukan pulau sama berlagu Gema gemersik menyusun nada Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Satukan pulau sama berlagu Gema gemersik menyusun nada Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Petiklah gambus taqasim lagu Tegap kekuda langkahnya sasa Petiklah gambus taqasim lagu Tegap kekuda langkahnya sasa Bukan bendalu kita teraju Berkorban raga tegaklah bangsa Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam Bukan bendalu kita teraju Berkorban raga tegaklah bangsa Ya salam Ya salam Senandung ya salam

CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, “Traditional” term is usually often use in the emphasis on the roots of dance culture. Thus, traditional dances emerge from the cultural traditions of society, for example, folk dances from the natives of Europe. However, dances that have a ritual origin or purpose are usually not considered traditional dances. Instead, this is known as “religious dance‟. Traditional dance is usually more to social activity than competing, but usually choreographic. Depending on the type of dance itself, traditional dances can be combined or solo, and are primarily danced in formation. The dances culture was passed from generation to generation to make sure it is not extinct and continues to be practiced in Malaysia. Some people not aware of the existence of the dances and less concerned in knowing the diversity of dance styles that hold different identities and storytelling. Thus, more exposure to dance culture needs to be implemented and introduced so that Malaysians are always acknowledging the customs and dance arts that once existed in the cou1n6t8ry.

Abu Syahrin (2010). Aku dan Gayong. Retrieved November 8 2020 from https://khalifahgayong.wordpress.com/2010/05/18/silat-pulut-atau-gayong-pulut/ A definition of Traditional dancing. (2020). Retrieved 6 November 2020, from https://www.dancecentral.co.uk/DanceNtral/Articles/traditional.html Agasi Martial Arts (2013). Silat History. Retrieved November 8 2020 from https://agasimartialarts.com/Silat-History.html Ahmad Johari Mohd Ali dan Alzahrin Alias. (2015). Dabus : Antara Seni dan Mistik. Retrieved on November 15, 2020 from https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus- old/2015/04/48827/dabusantara-seni-dan-mistik Ahmad Johari Mohd Ali dan Alzahrin Alias. (2015). Tusukan besi Dabus rasa jarum, bertukar teruja - Penari. Retrieved on November 15, 2020 from https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2015/04/48948/tusukan- besidabus-rasa- jaru m-bertukar-teruja-penari Amal Zainuddin. (2018). Barongan. Retrieved November12, 2020 from https://dns23bravo.blogspot.com/2018/10/barongan.html Andrew Grauer & Gregor Csrrigan. (2020). Alat Muzik Tarian Dabus. Retrieved on November 10, 2020 from https://www.coursehero.com/file/p5nvetv9/Segala-gerak- laku-ini- diiringidengan-muzik-yang-dimainkan-oleh-pemuzik-rebana/ Asal-Usul Dikir Barat.(n.d) Retrieved November 6, 2020 from https://dikirbarattmx.weebly.com/asal-usul.html Caroline. (2018). Borong Dance- Unique Part of Balinese Culture. Retrieved November 6, 2020 from https://villabossibali.com/en/blog/barong-dance- unique-part-balinese-culture Chekem Mirza. (2013). Main Dabus Tikam Diri. Retrieved on November 14, 2020 from https://ngadapseni.blogspot.com/2013/10/main-dabus- tikamdiri.html?m=1 Depdikbud. (1998). Deskripsi Kesenian Barongan. Blora, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia: Proyek Pembinaan Kesenian Jawa Tengah Dewi Susanti.(2019). Philosophical Meaning of Zapin Pecah Dua Belas Dance In Pelalawan District, Riau Province: Universitas Islam Riau, Indonesia. Retrieved November, 10 2020 from https://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.27-4-2019.2286830 169

Discovery Overland Holidays. (2017). Malaysian Art to Remember. Retrieved on November 11, 2020 from https://www.discoveryoverland.com/html/details.aspx?ID=4&PID=25&NI D=16 5&Type= Djelantik, A. A. (1999). Estetika: Sebuah Pengantar. Bandung: Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia. Edayu. (2018). Masyarakat Sudah Tidak Pedulikan Tarian Barong Dan Kini Hampir Pupus Ditesn Zaman. Retrieved November 19, 2020 from https://siakapkeli.my/2018/10/03/masyarakat-sudah-tidak-pedulikan-tarian -baron g-dan-kini-hampir-pupus-ditelan-zaman/ Events7klik. (2018). Rampai Sari Tari Malaysia, Tampil Persembahan Hebat Penub Warna Warni. Retrieved on November 11, 2020 from https://www.7klik.com/2018/11/rampai-sari-tari-malaysia-tampil.html Fatimah Bt Che Kar. (2006). Peranan Jabatan Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan Negeri Perak Dalam Memperkenalkan Tarian Tradisional Dabus Kepada Masyarakat. Retrieved on November 7, 2020 from https://ir.unimas.my/22440/1/Peranan%20Jabatan%20Kebudayaan%2C Kesenian%20dan%20Warisan%20Negeri%20Perak%20...%20%2824% 20pgs%29.pdf HAMIDIsP. (2018). Asal-usul Tarian Barongan. Retrieved November 13, 2020 from https://www.sentiasapanas.com/2018/03/asal-usul-tarian-barongan.html#ax zz6dT YrniJE Hughes-Freeland, Felicia. \"Zapin: Folk Dance of the Malay World.\" MAN, vol. 29, no. 3, 1994, p. 725. Accessed 8 Nov. 2020. Jabatan Kebudayaan & Kesenian Negara. (2020). The Barongan Dance. Retrieved November 6, 2020 from https://www.jkkn.gov.my/en/barongan-dance-0 Jua Azura. (2016). Tarian Barongan. Retrieved November 12, 2020 from https://perducinta.blogspot.com/2016/03/tarian-barongan.html Kelab Pencinta Sejarah Kelantan. (2012). Dikir Barat Sejarah Kelantan. Retrieved 170 November 6, 2020 from https://sejarahkelantan.wordpress.com/2012/10/30/dikirbarat/ Kementerian Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Pelancongan Malaysia. (2003). Dabus. Retrieved on November 10, 2020 from https://www.kkmm.gov.my/pdf/buku/dabus.pdf. Lirik Lagu Cucuk Rowo- Didi Kempot. (2018). Retrieved November14, 2020 from https://lirik.kapanlagi.com/artis/didi-kempot/cucak-rowo/

Marschall, W. (1995). Possession, Barongan, and Social Relief in a Central Javanese Village. Indonesia Circle. School of Oriental & African Studies. Newsletter, 23(66), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/03062849508729841 Mak yong. (2020). Retrieved 12 November 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak_yong#:~:text=Mak%20Yong%20was%20origi nally%20a,s%20exact%20age%20is%20uncertain.\\ Miyakazi, Koji . (1996). Alienation and Adaptation: Javanese Immigrants in Malay Society. Retrieved November 14, 2020 from https://repository.kulib.kyoto- u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/187662/1/ias_ 029_0 68.pdf Mohd Affandi. (2018). Wan Salmah Wan Sulaiman. Retrieved on November 20, 2020 from https://ganupedia.com/2018/09/wan-salmah-wan-sulaiman/ Mohd Amri. (2013). Ceritera dimensi. Retrieved on November 18, 2020 from https://ceriteradimensi.blogspot.com/2013/01/misteri-tarian-ulik- mayang.html Mohd Amirul. (2014). Warisan Persembahan Melayu - Seni Tarian Zapin. Retrieved November 10, 2020 from https://www.slideshare.net/amirulazmi92/zapin-33986883 Mohd Anis Md Nor. (2009). The Spiritual Essence of Tawhid (oneness-peerlessnese) in Zapin Dance Performance by the Beholders of the Tariqat Naqsabandiah in Southeast Asia. Retrieved November,10 2020 from http://eprints.um.edu.my/10677/1/the_spritual.pdf Mohd Fauzi. (2019). Sejarah Tarian Joget. Retrieved on November 5, 2020 from https://www.scribd.com/document/360628044/SEJARAH-TARIAN-JOGET Muhammad Jazuli & samsul Alam. (2020). From Ritual to Entertainment: The Changing Role Of Barongan Performance Arts. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(4):496-506. DOI: 10.18510/hssr.2020.8448 Nasib Barongan Si Harimau Johor. (2020). Retrieved November 11, 2020 from https://katamalaysia.my/culture/nasib-barongan-si-harimau-johor/ Nazir Sufari. (2015). Dance to Spirit of Kuda Kepang and Barongan. Retrieved November 12, 2020 from https://www.theinsiderarchived.com/gallery/view/spirits- of-the-two- dances-kuda-kepang-and-barongan Noor Hidayah Tanzizi. (2020). Jejak Seni Warisan Rebana Perak. Retrieved on November 13, 2020 from https://www.bharian.com.my/hujungminggu/santai/2020/11/748584/jej ak-seni- warisa n-rebana-perak 171

Noraien Mansor. (2010). Ulik Mayang: Warisan Terengganu. Retrieved on November 15, 2020 from https://issuu.com/penerbitumt/docs/41ulek_mayang Nuffnang. (2013). Tarian Ulek Mayang. Retrieved on November 20, 2020 from https://ffterengganu.blogspot.com/2013/04/tarian-ulek-mayang.html Nurul Hajar. (2000). Warisan Nenek Moyang: Ulek Mayang. Retrieved on November 19, 2020 from https://budayatradisional1012.weebly.com/peralatan.html Nurrazimah Mohd Yaman & Nurshuhada Abu Bakar. (2011). Joget Pahang. Retrieved on November 5, 2020 from https://sites.google.com/site/senidanbudayamalaysia/jo. Nurrazimah binti Mohd Yaman & Nurshuhada binti Abu Bakar. (n.d.). Gendang Ibu dan Anak-Seni dan Budaya Malaysia. Retrieved November 12 2020 from https://sites.google.com/site/senidanbudayamalaysia/gendang Pinterest. (n.d.). Tarian Joget Melayu. Retrieved on November 14, 2020 from https://pin.it/6N4M5d7. Pui Wen Hang. (2020). Asal Usul Joget dan Pantunnya Dalam Tamadun Melayu. Retrieved on November 6, 2020 from https://www.thepatriots.asia/asal-usul- joget dan-pantunnya-dalam-tamadun-melayu/. Pui Wen Hang. (2020). Asal Usul Joget dan Pantunnya Dalam Tamadun Melayu. Retrieved on November 11, 2020 from https://images.app.goo.gl/fw78xW1KihCVneZ5A. PSSCM (2013), Silat Cekak: Fakta dan Sejarah Ringkas Perkembangannya di Malaysia. Retrieved November 8 2020 from http://psscmklputrajaya.blogspot.com/2019/02/silat-cekak-fakta-dan-sejarah- ringkas.html Randi Marvia Ardila. (n.d.). Pengaruh Strategi Pembentukan Identitas Nasional Malaysia Terhadap Budaya Imigran Indonesia yang Diklaim oleh Malaysia. Retrieved November 14, 2020 from https://text-id.123dok.com/document/q51mj7wy- pengaruh-strategi-pembentukan-identitas-pdf.html Rizal Firdaus. (2020). 8 Alat Musik Tradisional Bengkulu. Retrieved on November 13, 2020 from https://bukabukumu.com/alat-musik-tradisional-bengkulu/ Rohaslinda Binti Ramele & Yamazaki, Juichi. (2013). A Study on Traditional Javanese- Malay Kampung Structure, Culture and Community Activities in Kampung Sungai Haji Dorani, Selangor, Malaysia. Paper presented at the Asian Conference on Asian Studies, Osaka, Japan. Retrieved November 14, 2020 from http://papers.iafor.org/wp- content/uploads/papers/acas2013/ACAS2013_0142.pdf 172

Seni Silat Sendeng Malaysia (2014), History. Retrieved November 8 2020 from http://sendengmalaysia.blogspot.com/p/history.html Septiyan, D. D. (2018). Bentuk Pertunjukan Kesenian Barongan Grup Samin Edan Kota Semarang. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kajian Seni, 3(2), 180-194. https://doi.org/10.30870/jpks.v3i2.4580 Shafazhinskaya, N. E., Kats, M. L., Smirnov, A. V., Ovsyannikova, V. A., & Kruglova, M. G. (2019). Integration of Traditions in Crossover Music as a Way to Bridge the Intergenerational Gap. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6), 1230-1234. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76174 Siti Mardiah. (2015). Seni Tari Ulek Mayang Masyarakat Melayu. Retrieved on November 17, 2020 from https://www.scribd.com/doc/284113281/Seni-Tarian-Ulik- MayangMasyarakat-M elayu-doc Suara Perak. (2017). ITBM dan JKKN Dokumetasikan Seni Tarian Dabus. Retrieved on November 15, 2020 from https://www.suaraperak.com/wpcontent/uploads/2018/01/TARIAN- DABUS.jpg. SUKTRA Terengganu. (2019). Haji Ramli. Retrieved on November 20, 2020 from https://ms- my.facebook.com/suktraterengganu/videos/sesi-kunjungan-produksi- suk tra/935959876804519 / Syafiqaf. (2017). Budaya dan Warisan Nasional (Tarian Dabus). Retrieved on November 9, 2020 from https://nursyafiqaf.blogspot.com/2017/03/budayadan-warisan-nasional- tarian-dabus.html Teoh, T. (2020). Of Grace and Poise: 9 Traditional Dances in Malaysia | LokaLocal. Retrieved 14 November 2020, from https://www.lokalocal.com/blog/culture/9traditional- dances-in-malaysia/ The Borong and the Kris Dance: The Eternal Battle Between Good and Evil. (2020). Retrieved November 7, 2020 from https://www.indonesia.travel/gb/en/destinations/bali-nusa tenggara/bali/the-barong- and-the-kris-dance The Planet Shops. (2012). Fantastic Toy Violins. Retrieved on November 14, 2020 from https://blog.wackyplanet.com/2012/11/fantastic-toy- violins.html?m=1 The Star (2013). Silat Quick facts. Retrieved November 8 2020 from https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/family/features/2013/09/25/silat-quick-facts UNESCO - Mak Yong theatre. (2020). Retrieved 5 November 2020, from https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/mak-yong-theatre-00167 173

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. (n.d.). Muzik Tradisional Melayu. Retrieved November, 11 2020 from https://tradisionalmuzikmelayu.weebly.com/zapin.html Violetta Ayderova & Karen A Lonsdale. (2017). Exploring the Malay Traditional Genre „Zapin‟ as Educational Material for a Western Classical Ensemble. Retrieved November 10, 2020 from https://www.academia.edu/35006319/Exploring_the_Malay_Traditional_Genre_Za pin_as_Educational_Material_for_a_Western_Classical_Ensemble_Flute_Viola_Pi ano Unknown. (2018). Tarian Inang. Retrieved on November 14, 2020 from https://fyranajwa123.blogspot.com/2018/04/kostum-kostum-penari-wanita- di- dalam.ht ml. Wayan Suadnyana. (2020). Borong Dance Ubud Bali. Retrieved November 11, 2020 from https://www.raftingbali.net/barong-dance-ubud/ Yayasan Warisan Johor. (2019). Tarian Joget. Retrieved on November 5, 2020 from https://www.ywj.gov.my/tarian-joget/. Zubaidah Sual. (2007). Busana Tarian-tarian Malaysia: Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian negara, Kelantan. Retrieved November,10 2020 from https://www.facebook.com/jkkn.kelantan/posts/tahukah-andabusana-tarian- zapinyang- paling-sesuai-bagi-penari-lelaki-ialah-baju/1403304743126397 https://www.ipohecho.com.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Tarian-Darus-2.jpg 174 http://asamjawe.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-permainan-kuda-kepang.html https://deenamik.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/kudakepangjohor.jpg https://www.memori-kedah.com/imgzoom/3_1_6_tarian_dabus_enl.jpg https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-xnuFfLZ5D2I/VAV1LJkL- tI/AAAAAAAAr0A/yV8SFZymoMk/s800/10%2520Tarian%2520Dabus.JPG https://assets.bharian.com.my/images/articles/dab2.transformed.jpg https://i.pinimg.com/originals/96/fa/f5/96faf5429dd82d27ed7f5e1d875af7ef.jpg https://facesofmalaysia.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/traditional-dance8.jpg https://sejkssrt6t1u2.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/kuda-kepang.jpg?w=1000 https://3.bp.blogspot.com/- bCE7Hq5t8vo/TszXumYwJSI/AAAAAAAAAAc/yi95aON3lJg/s1600/bonang.gif https://utchuah.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/kenong.jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EHUK8VQUcAI3Bni.jpg

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/XgjTE9P_v_i3KuTskyi1sxNEkqwZXrVdQN JQOUM TpoHse0uWy5wERJvP- ZW_lFO7L8doHic1sLxC2BUterj0PGvPoCFdbc89333cWPBYg7u0oOG2G7fStbvM P4S6FIU yestQNWRRMQgIHA http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_75NRagBxOOQ/THEdZ2ZQi6I/AAAAAAAAAEo/GguY9i Ey2Kc/s3 20/images+3.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_75NRagBxOOQ/THEclIyZDFI/AAAAAAAAAEY/bnsRPix c_OI/s32 0/images+2.jpg https://thelongnwindingroad.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/jeromelim- 4074.jpg https://pngimage.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/tanjak- png-2.png https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c9/27/2a/c9272af7dee341866fd22ad485f2e121.jp g https://i5a2y1wi06-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/5356-Malay- Tenun.jpg https://s.kaskus.id/c480x480/images/fjb/2015/11/04/gamelan_jawa_kuningan_pelo k_slendr o_1325105_1446609451.JPG https://www.mycraftshoppe.com/storage/srbrporb7ZeHill26y5W1RjLqshhCCfRrFag niVC.pn g https://i.pinimg.com/originals/a6/27/50/a62750886f12a93a25c384cd08a9b5f1.jpg https://www.jarananttn.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pecut-Cemeti-Penari- Jaranan- dan-Kuda-Kepang-450x671.jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EHUK8VZVUAEodD J.jpg https://1.bp.blogspot.com/- lWzOnPpkNsE/XTVFbXvpRWI/AAAAAAAAI0o/FWY_oPl6t68gxpJiYOnq5lnPEcKP vky_ACL cBGAs/s640/IMG_20190303_111935.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Telur_ayam_kampu ng.JPG https://produkkelapa.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/buah- kelapa.jpg https://jovee.id/wp- content/uploads/2020/06/Beras_mentah_boleh_dimakan.jpg https://medias.actince.com/imgs/b69a937656a63f71.jpg https://v-images2.antarafoto.com/tari-barong-sewu-pbv1dp-prv.jpg 175

https://i.ncdn.xyz/publisher- c1a3f893382d2b2f8a9aa22a654d9c97/2019/06/fcfeb9c06cdc0c73cb1417682368d51 d.jpg https://sk-bucket.sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/2018/10/barongan_2.jpg https://cdn.popbela.com/content- images/post/20190829/1002bfeb9f64cce530ac0de94bebd499.j pg https://img.astroawani.com/2015-12/71451319124_SeniSilat.jpg https://images.bisnis-cdn.com/posts/2017/05/27/761119/silat.jpg https://i.pinimg.com/474x/7f/43/fb/7f43fbc5264f837c47e3b3873a96d651.jpg https://res.cloudinary.com/fleetnation/image/private/c_fit,w_1120/g_south,l_text:style_g othic2:%C2%A9%20Lhismanto,o_20,y_10/g_center,l_watermark4,o_25,y_50/v153590 6686/vnabgstfeisdi6okwfc3.jpg https://500px.com/photo/8974045/Pencak-Silat-by-Adil-Arryutsi/ https://500px.com/photo/184278831/PENCAK-SILAT-by-Arjo-Hary-Tjahjono/ https://500px.com/photo/147556865/GAYONG-by-chegu- diman/?utm_medium=pinterest&utm_campaign=nativeshare&utm_content=web&utm_ source=500px http://img06.deviantart.net/084a/i/2013/222/d/7/silat_wallpaper_by_locewstudio- d6hgulc.jpg https://i.pinimg.com/originals/10/c1/73/10c173c53f5a827f171de180c97a45ce.jpg https://apkphoto.photoshelter.com/image/I0000kzQtHon8aJU https://desvre.tumblr.com/post/126740238548/calm-and-relaxing-jungle-blog https://salaam.buzzkini.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Silat-Milik-Malaysia- UNESCO-Iktiraf-Sebagai-Warisan-Dunia.jpg https://cdn.meremang.my/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Untitled-design-11.png https://www.themalayapost.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/DrFEFl5UUAApRpx.jpg 176

https://images.says.com/uploads/story_source/source_image/764278/5561.jpg https://pemetaanbudaya.my/assets/images/upload/culture_20191218053212.pn g https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTFxmOJtZn1HK2zzk8GozdgitL1Z8_M 3yRdlQ&usqp=CAU https://clips.mstar.com.my/images/blob/B19888E7-E5B6-4543-BDC3- 7EFEF799CF93 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/UlekMayangdance.jpg https://lokalocal.com/storage/images/trips/2939/1556187326_69529.jpg https://i.pinimg.com/originals/fb/32/cd/fb32cde3f602ceb4ed7bea59af115b28.pn g https://i.pinimg.com/originals/80/e0/f5/80e0f5a0be6d1d3794bb474be981a603.j pg https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTNzu3Sk7A8Qb3FVPIsQn4dJDhYms Oajq6pLQ&usqp=CAU https://www.idnjurnal.com/assets/berita/original/90505656972-2.jpg https://www.ipohecho.com.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Tarian-Darus.jpg https://media.karousell.com/media/photos/products/2016/09/02/looking_for_sec ond_hand_gambusoud_1472816948_baa1a8e7.jpg https://4.bp.blogspot.com/- _UQtLxEHFAk/VCgXPpEJnaI/AAAAAAAAAds/JkuEl9RZ1kc/w1200-h630-p-k- no-nu/IMG_4291.jpg https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ZlOiB9od4tA/TEGyNlPcdlI/AAAAAAAAATQ/XV1F80 B1oGo/s1600/rebanaubi.jpg https://dhanuparwito.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/marwas.jpg 177

A C Accessories ,11, 91 Caliph, 28, 29 Adat, 115,167 Caliph clothes, 28, 29, Akordian, 93 Canang, 49, 106 Anak Dabus, 34, Cardophone, 58, Ancak, 72 Chinese, 13, 87, 115 Animal mask, 13 Coarse yarn, 107 Anting Combat, 115, 117, 118, 128, 136 Arab-Islamic, 154 Copper, 106 Arena, 33, 78 Culture, 9, 101, 118, 119, 120, 143, 152, Art ,16, 25, 96, 97, 98, 112, 118, 124, 129, 159 134 Curse, 80, B D Baju Kurung, 28, 57, 90, 163 Dabus dance, 1, 23, 25, 26, 27, 33, 35, Baju Melayu, 28, 29, 56, 88, 89, 121, 122, 59 163 Dancers, 1, 25, 31, 34, 72, 76, 77, 153, 156, Bamboo Shoot, 102, 157 Barong, 9, 11, 12 Danyang, 31, 75 Barongan dance, 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, Darul Ihsan Youth Society, 147 15, 16, 19, 21, 22 Demung, 17, 18 Bersawai , 77 Drum, 16, 17, 93, 107, 120, 124, 142, 164 Blade, 74, 126, 127, 128 Bonang, 17, 18, 72 E Braided horses, 76 East Coast RTM Orchestra 148 Brundo and Branle, 54 Esoteric, 115 Bun, 104 Exoteric, 115 178

F K Female dancer, 28, 57, 90, 91, Kebaya, 104 94, 153, 163 Kesi, 106 Flute, 106 Kethuk, 17 Kempul, 17, 19 G Kempun, 71 Gambus, 164 Kendang, 16-17 Gamelan, 16, 61 Ketopang, 71 Gendang anak, 105, 124, 164 Kicks, 116 Gendang ibu, 105, 124, 164 Knife, 126, 127 Gong, 16, 30, 48, 58, 73, 93, 124, 142, Kris, 127, 173 Guitar, 55, 124 Kuda Kepang, 11, 14, 31, 64, 66-73, 75- 80, 82 H Heterogeneous, 125 M Maids, 109 Horses, 14, 15, 31, 32, 69, 77 Mak Inang dance, 83-88, 95 Mak Yung, Muda, 101-102, 111-112 I Malacca, 57, 154 Idiophone, 58 Malaysia, 3, 9, 11, 13, 21, 54, 70, Instrument, 16, 17, 30, 48, 49, 58, 72, 73, 98-96, 101, 116, 122, 126, 130, 73, 93, 105, 124, 125, 142, 164, 165 152, 148 Islam, 12, 21, 25, 27, 146, 158 Male dancer, 28, 56, 88-89, 140, 153 J Martial art, 13, 25, 120, 124, Jackfruit, 107 125,127, 129 Jasmine Flowers, 103, 104 Marwas, 165 Jathil, 13 Melayu, 28, 56, 88, 112, 121- Javanese, 10,14, 17, 69, 71 122, 154 Jidur, 74 Melody, 72-73, 140 Joget Dance, 52 Joget Gamelan, 61

Membranophone, 58, 73 S Movement, 25, 31-32, 59, 66, 75, Sajen 32, 76, 77, 94, 115, 153, 156-159, 162 Samping 71,89, Myths, 11, 146 Seberang 133,135, Siam 40,41,112 N Sibar fabric 104 Naik syeh, 79-80 Silk sarong 104,163 Nine Art Festival, 148 Social dance 54 O Sola 31,46,75 Origin, 10, 117, 168 Somber 137 Songket, 44,121,163 P Songkok 29, 56, 88, 89, 122, Pak Yung. Muda 103, 109 123, 155 Palm blossom 138, 139, 140, Song lyrics 81,95,149,165, 141 Spiritual, 10, 66, 115, Pengeras 79, 119,146, 171 Sprint 32,76,77 Portuguese 54, 55, 59 Stages 14,119,160, Primadona Puan Khatijah, Anting, 111, Step 33,34,59,107,115,130,157,158,160 112 Stereotypic, 116 Puja 136 SUKTRA(Terengganu Music Party), 149,173 Puteri Bunian 136, Sultan Umar 133,135 Puteri 136,144,146 Sword, 117, 121 R T Rangda 10, 13, Taboo 25,34,66,78,79,80 Rebab 102,107, 108 Tanah Arab 69 Rebana 30,38,58,93,164,165,166, Tandak 55,59,166 167,169,171,177, Tanjak, 28, 71, 123, 175 Reference, 115, 169 Rongeng 54 180 Rhythm 9, 14, 16, 33,46,59, 87,88, 94, 107, 124, 152,164,165,

Tambourine 33,48,55,87,164 Z Tawak 48,49,105 Zapin, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, Techniques, 31, 74, 75, 116, 117, 118, 160 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, Tengkolok, 29, 44, 71 167, 169, 170, 171 Tok minduk 107 Zapin Arab, 153, 155, 156 Tongkat, 128 Zapin Hanuman, 156 Topang, 71, 128 Zapin Johor, 153, 155 Tournaments, 125 Zapin Lenga, 157 Tradisional 170,172,174 Zapin Melayu, 153, 154, 156, 157, U 159, 166 Ulek Mayang, 1, 2, 3, 131, 133, 134, 135, Zapin Pecah Dua Belas, 169 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, Zapin Pulau, 156 145,146, 147, 148, 149, 172, 173 Zapin Tenglu 1, 156 Ulek Mayang dance, 1, 2, 3, 131, 133, Zapin Tenglu 2, 157 134, 141, 146, 147 Uniform, 42, 44, 58, 121 V Violin, 55, 58, 87, 93, 107, 142 W Wali songo, 66, 67, 68 Warriors, 117 Weapons, 25, 33, 118, 126, 127 Wedding ceremony, 3, 55, 70, 87, 124, 125 Wooden sticks, 105 Worship, 11, 21, 33, 78, 89, 133 181

182