Full Report - Feasibility Study KSCS K-Exim

Chapter 2. General Status 2.4.3 Publication of Blue Book for the 2015-2019 major projects The Blue Book is an annual report on the Indonesian government plan for its mid-term external loans (DRPLN-JM) published by the ministry of national development planning. As the amount of external loans required for the mid-term national development plan is specified, all government departments need to use this book as the guidelines when acquiring a loan from foreign countries to carry out projects. Being an official publication in English, which gives an outline about a project scheduled to be implemented as part of the national mid-term development plan, the Blue Book is widely utilized by the Indonesian government departments as well as foreign companies hoping to participate in projects and related organizations. The 2015-2019 plan includes 116 projects and 29 programs, with 15 infrastructure programs and 14 non-infrastructure. Infrastructure programs for roads, railroads, and power account for 89 percent of the total amount whereas programs for education, public health, and administrative reform make up 11 percent. (1) Infrastructure projects The largest budget is expected to be spent on the construction of a railroad network. Out of the total budget set at 7.6 billion dollars, the amount of external loans reaches as much as 6.8 billion dollars. Power infrastructure is, in particular, given top priority by the Indonesian government with its total budget set at 5.8 billion dollars. Of which, 4.9 billion dollars or 84 percent come from external loans. This project has a total budget of 550 million dollars (with a loan of 370 million dollars and a national budget of 180 million dollars) under the water supply development program. As for projects intended to improve living conditions of Indonesians including slums improvement, wastewater treatment, and irrigation canal development, the next largest budget of 3.6 billion to 3.8 billion dollars is secured. Highway construction had a total budget of 2.2 billion dollars, and 1,000 km of highways covering Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi, will be constructed by 2019. As for bridge construction, 450 million dollars will be used for maintenance of old bridges, 300 million dollars for construction of bridges overpassing or under passing railroad, 270 million dollars for overpass and underground roads, 180 million dollars for construction of the Balinka-Matur-Ngarai Sianok tunnel in West Java, and 370 million dollars for construction of a long bridge linking Sumatra and Java. A total of 2.4 billion dollars is allocated to a number of construction projects of national highways covering major cities such as Palembang, Medan, Bandung, and Semarang as well as regions like Sumatra and Kalimantan, where the road infrastructure fall behind. The 2015-2019 budget estimate by infrastructure project is as shown in <Table 2.15>. 2-29

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 2.15> Budget by infrastructure projects planned for 2015 to 2019 (unit: million dollars, %) Program Total amount Loan-to-total External loans National budget amount ratio Railroad construction 7,613 6,815 797 90 Power infrastructure development 5,838 4,907 932 84 Slums improvement 3,795 3,615 181 95 Wastewater treatment 3,762 3,583 179 95 Irrigation canal development 3,603 3,258 345 90 Dam construction 3,097 2,134 963 69 National highway construction 2,400 2,000 400 83 Highway construction 2,199 2,025 174 92 Bridge construction 1,627 1,500 127 92 Water-related disaster prevention 1,302 1,153 150 88 Drinking water development 1,257 1,198 59 95 ICT, broadcasting infrastructure 1,176 1,076 100 92 development 825 624 201 76 Multiregional water supply development 780 650 130 83 542 500 42 92 Water resources infrastructure 263 250 13 95 management 40,078 35,286 4,792 88 Housing for the low-income class Solid waste treatment Sum *Source: Indonesia’s Ministry of National Development Planning (2) Non-infrastructure projects The largest budget is expected to be spent on the improvement of the medical environment at around 1.5 billion dollars. To improve the overall medical environment, projects for purchasing medical devices, setting up an information system for medical records, building new hospital wards are in course of preparation. Infrastructure development for agriculture includes cultivation of farming land and improvement of farming equipment. The 2015-2019 budget estimate by non-infrastructure project is as shown in <Table 2.16> 2-30

Chapter 2. General Status <Table 2.16> Budget by non-infrastructure projects planned for 2015 to 2019 (unit: million dollars, %) Program Total amount Loan to total External loans National budget amount ratio Medical environment improvement 1,499 1,362 136 91 Agricultural infrastructure 1,482 1,347 135 91 development 320 290 30 91 300 300 0 100 Higher education environment 289 238 50 83 improvement 264 240 24 91 Human resource development for administrative reform Muslim higher education environment improvement Human resource development in public health Basic medical insurance 165 150 15 91 Meteorological observation 159 150 9 94 development Science theme park construction 132 114 17 87 Agricultural training 119 99 20 83 Fishery facility improvement 113 107 6 94 Research on disease prevention and 110 100 10 91 public health improvement Labor competitiveness improvement 95 92 3 97 Sum 5,046 4,591 456 91 *Source: Indonesia’ Ministry of National Development Planning Other areas are categorized into human resource development, education environment improvement, and labor competitiveness improvement. The budget is set at 95million to 320 million dollars, which is substantially small amount compared to other projects. 2.5 Political feasibility review on water resources development and water supply system 2.5.1 Water resources development and management (1) Policy for water resources development and management The policy framework for water resources management, which encompasses upper and lower basins, flood zones, the mouth of a river, river areas, and aquifer groundwater use, was laid out in the late 1990s. The framework was established based on the following principles, in accordance with the government’s special law, organization, and system. 2-31

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia • To introduce water rights for the effective allocation and use of water for economic and social growth, balanced development, and sustainable environment in using water resources • To improve the efficiency of using water resources • To establish a unified permission and approval system to facilitate allocation and use of surface water and groundwater • To improve quality of surface water and groundwater to meet the standards for river area development, land and space use, and socio-economic and environmental adequacy • To establish an institution that allows stakeholders to take part in the planning stage for river area development in order to utilize water resources in a public, transparent manner • To strengthen the implementation system for better public management and financing of the irrigation system, the supply of domestic water, and sanitary facility • To establish a system to monitor, plan, program and budget for sustainable development and management of water resources under a new legal framework where the central and local governments share cost and revenue • To establish an organization responsible for regulating and managing water resources under the principle of one management body in a district, for the comprehensive management of river areas • To reinforce the “polluters pay” principle regarding the government’s public expenditure on water supply and irrigation system as well as all the expenditure spent on the reduction efforts of water pollution by the central and local governments and public agencies • To give permission on investment, operation, and maintenance for better management of the irrigation system; and to improve an incentive program to promote private participation and partnership in water resources management • To enhance cooperation with the private sector from a wide array of areas including forestry, agriculture, environmental conservation, water resources to facilitate effective and sustainable management of basins, flood zones, and the mouth of a river. • To create a comprehensive policy for the sustainable preservation and development of wetlands (2) Plan for water resources development and management Indonesia’s Ministry of Public Housing is responsible for the following activities under the mid-term national development plan. • Management and maintenance of dams and other maintenance facilities • Development and management of water resources, irrigation, and wetlands-related plans 2-32

Chapter 2. General Status • Management and supply of raw water • Prevention of coastal erosion and control of floods and suspended solid The activities planned to improve water resource management capability are as follows: • To develop and improve the water resource storage capacity up to 1.1 billion m3 • To preserve water resources in 16 river areas • To maintain an irrigation area of 2.3 million ha dispersed throughout the provinces; and to develop and improve an irrigation plan for an area of 0.5 million ha • To develop and improve a groundwater irrigation plan for an area of 1,050 ha dispersed throughout the provinces; and to maintain and operate an irrigation area of 43,840 ha • To formulate a reclamation plan for 10,000-ha wetlands in Aceh and North Sumatra; and to maintain and manage wetlands with an area of 1.29 million ha • To develop and improve a facility to supply raw water for the drinking water of 43.4㎥/s to be supplied to Riau, Riau island, and West Sumatra • To prevent floods in an area of 61,370 ha • To control sediments and suspended solid for a capacity of 22.48 million m3/s to be implemented in Lampung and Central Java. • To prevent erosion along the 230 km-long coast, from Aceh, North Sumatra, Riau to West Papua. • To promote public participation in water resources management in 69 river areas currently under the management of BBWS and BWS. • To improve information sharing among central offices, 31 BBWS/BWS and provincial offices. In 2015, Indonesia is pushing ahead with a water resource development plan aiming at enhancing the effectiveness of dams. It plans to increase all dams’ water storage capacity up to 3 million m3 by constructing 50 new dams by 2019, and reinforcing the existing dams. Another major project is to construct an irrigation network to supply water to farmlands with an area of 3 million ha by adding the irrigation network for one million-ha farmland. The mid-term water resources development plan is as shown in <Table 2.17>. <Table 2.17> Mid-term water resources development plan Classification 2014 2015 Remarks Capacity (m3/s) 51.44m3/s 118.6m3/s 67.24m3/s (increase) Dam (numbers) 496 555 60 dams (increase) 2-33

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 2.5.2 Water supply and environmental hygiene (1) Policies for water supply and environmental hygiene Since 1998, the Indonesian government has been implementing people-oriented national policy plans for water supply and sanitary facilities through policies for water supply and environmental hygiene. The plans, enacted as an enforcement ordinance by the president, are widely welcomed not only by its people but also by related agencies and local governments. Accordingly, the government is expanding the scope of the plans and accelerating to reform policies on utilities supplied by private service providers. Unfortunately, investment plans that will turn its national policy, strategy, and detailed tasks, into more feasible ones, remain uncertain. The policy for water supply and environmental hygiene is designed to lay the foundation for safer and cleaner living conditions, regardless of whether it be in urban or rural areas. Statistics on access to sanitary facilities is quite different from what is reported by the WHO and UNICEF’s monitoring program. Thus, the data released by the Indonesian government on people having access to sanitary facilities is mostly regarded as overestimated. There may have been some political situations that prevented data correction. Nevertheless, this data is the only available basis for tracking progress toward MDGs as well as for formulating national investment plans and strategies. In this regard, collecting a new set of data is necessary and of importance. There needs to be consensus on collecting more accurate data for effective planning and monitoring of the development program. A new policy aims to construct more sanitary facilities and to provide service water supply. It also provides a policy direction to achieve sustainability and effectiveness of such facilities. The sustainable supply of water and better management of sanitary facilities will help improve the quality of people’s life. To continue to support these efforts, more aggressive and comprehensive policy framework is needed, which will improve the people’s hygiene practice and national welfare in the long run. More importance needs to be placed on the behavioral change by people along with the construction of physical infrastructure. (2) Plan for water supply and environmental hygiene The development of water supply system and sanitary facility is the prerequisite for meeting the basic human needs and achieving economic growth. Well-managed water supply and sanitary facilities are essential for the growth in other areas including industry, trade, transportation, tourism, and service. Therefore, a comprehensive development plan that embraces the environment, water resources, public hygiene, natural resources, and tourism, is needed. The basic human needs for water and sanitation include: 1) improved quality management in supply and hygiene of drinking water, 2) minimum amount of safe drinking water and basic sanitary facility, 3) improved reliability and expertise on drinking water and sanitary 2-34

Chapter 2. General Status facility, 4) minimum amount of financing for drinking water and public hygiene of the poorest. A national development plan on the supply of water is specified in the RPJMN 2015-2019, which is a mid-term national plan laid out by the Indonesian President Joko Widodo. The administration seeks to create an environment where every Indonesian has access to clean safe drinking water. According to a survey conducted in 2013, 67.7 percent of the Indonesian population is supplied with safe drinking water, of which, 18 percent is using the water supply system while 48.1 percent still relies on non-water supply system (groundwater or rainwater.) (3) Mid-term plan for water supply The government sets a goal of achieving 60 percent of its population, or 26 million households, to be supplied with water through water supply system. To meet the target, the number of serviced households needs to increase from 9 million in 2015 to 15 million, at an annual growth rate of 4.5 percent. That is, an additional 31m3/s of treated water needs to be provided by 2019, with an annual growth rate of 5m3/s. To look for water sources, the efficiency of the existing intake facility needs to be examined. The surest way to obtain 100 percent safe water is to intake water from potential raw waters reserved in the existing dams or banks. The government plans to build as many as 62 dams and banks from 2015 to 2019, focusing on constructing multipurpose dams widely utilized in hydroelectricity, irrigation, and drinking water supply. <Figure 2.10> Indonesia’s mid-to-long-term water supply plan Percentage Household Household using Household using Household using using water non-water non-hygiene hygiene water supply system supply system water ,, 2-35

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia The Indonesian government has set up a mid-term plan to obtain 100 percent safe water as follows. • To increase the proportion of households connected to water supply network from 22.4 percent in 2014 to 59.7 percent by 2019 • To decrease the proportion of households connected to non-water supply network (pubic hydrant) from 47.9 percent in 2014 to 40.3 percent by 2019 • To decrease the use of unhygienic water (directly intaking from a river) from 29.7 percent in 2014 to zero percent by 2019 The government’s water supply plan is as shown in <figure 2.10>. The budget for the water supply plan is set at 253 trillion IDR (Indonesian rupiah). Of which, 69 trillion IDR (18 percent) is to be funded by the national budget (APBN), 119 trillion IDR (47 percent) by the regional budget (APBC), 29 trillion IDR (11 percent) by the SOE funds, 29 trillion IDR (11 percent) by public-private partnership or PPP, and 5.4 trillion IDR by the special allocation fund (DAK.) The budget allocated to PPP will mostly be spent on water treatment plants. The national budget will be used for the development of infrastructures such as intake facilities and transmission pipelines while the regional budget will be spent on developing a water reservoir, installing a water pipe, and connecting it to the households (or downstream of a river). The government has a plan to make better use of PDAMs as follows: • To save unused water (39m3/s in 2014) • To utilize financing options like PPP, CSR, and bonds, other than APBN and APBD • To implement Full Cost Recovery (FCR) in pricing decision to reduce the number of PDAMs that sustain losses. • To decrease the proportion of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) from an average of 47 percent in 2014 to 20 percent by 2019. 2.6 Waterworks offices and related agencies 2.6.1 Waterworks offices The potential beneficiaries of the Karian Dam include Tangerang regency, Tangerang city, South Tangerang city, West Jakarta, Lebak regency, Bogor regency, Serang regency, Serang city, and Cilegon regency. The main clients (buyers) are state-owned companies (BUMN and BUMD) and their waterworks offices PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) or a Regional Drinking Water utility company. The current status of operation and service areas of major waterworks offices is as shown in <Table 2.18>. 2-36

Chapter 2. General Status <Table 2.18> General status of PDAMs No. PDAM WTP (s) Capacity (lps) Service area Service Service ratio population (%) 11 513 Tangerang regency 44,293 7.00% 1 280 South Tangerang city 44,000 15.70% 2,800 Palyja (West Jakarta) 122,479 18.40% (Serpong Palyja (West Jakarta) 3,281 0.50% 75 63,490 16.30% Tirta Kerta WTP) Tangerang city 76,413 12.10% 1 Tangerang city 8.80% 42.00% Rahardja 30.80% 6.90% 1 540 10.20% (Cikokol WTP) 4.20% 885 Tirta 6 570 Tangerang city 26,449 2 5 6,400 1 100 Palyja 279,953 Benteng 9 350 (West Jakarta) 7,375 3 Palyja Bogor regency Tirta (Parung Panjang district) 4 Lebak regency 17,341 Kahuripan Tirta 5 Multatuli Tirta 21 503 Serang regency 29,667 6 2 59 Serang city 5,221 Albantani *Source: BPKP Audit Reports (2013) and Field Surveys (2015) 2.6.2 Related agencies (1) The function and role of the central government Indonesia’s Ministry of Public Housing is an implementation department of this project. The project is composed of two major pillars: one is to install conveyance facilities for the transmission of raw water and the other is to construct water treatment plants and transmission pipelines. The conveyance development project falls under the jurisdiction of the Indonesian National Water Resource Agency whereas the project for water transmission pipelines is under the jurisdiction of the National Housing Agency. This time, our project is for the development of a conveyance system, therefore, it is closely related with the Water Resource Agency. The agency is tasked with the development and management of water resources in Indonesia, and its affiliate organization, “the center for groundwater/source water development and management,” is responsible for supervising this project. The center is in charge of coordinating parties interested in the development of raw water and groundwater, monitoring quality, inform and managing programs and activities, and supervising 2-37

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia compliance with rules, standards, and procedures for technical support on source water supply and groundwater use. (2) The function and role of the local government (provinces / regencies / cities) Indonesia’s local government comprises provinces, regencies, and cities. Its main function is to execute self-government by managing and governing a state. Pursuant to the law No.23/2014, the management of water resources within a regency or city is a responsibility of the pertinent municipal government. If more than two municipalities or cities are involved, the provincial government takes the responsibility for the management of water resources. If more than two provinces are involved, the central government is in charge of managing water resources, and the related governmental agency is the ministry of public housing. The project area for the Karian conveyance construction extends Banten province and Jakarta special city district, hence the project is implemented by the ministry of public housing. The roles and activities of the local government are as follows: • To review environment impact assessment • To review land acquisition and resettlement plan • To support tasks related to water rights • To decide fees for raw water and consumer price (waterworks) • To monitor and coordinate the management of water supply projects (3) The function and role of the PDAM A PDAM is a state-owned enterprise tasked with generating, distributing and managing water to be supplied to the public. There is a PDAM in almost every local government across the country. Since a PDAM is owned by the local government, it is supervised by the governor, mayor, or the pertinent council. According to the rule No.8/2000 of the ministry of home affairs, a PDAM must formulate short/mid/long-term operation plans in connection with the supply of domestic water. The operation plan includes plans for raw water and water quality, and water distribution and management. The development of water resources and water intake plan is included in the raw water plan. Pursuant to the decree No.907/2002 of the ministry of home affairs, a PDAM must establish a plan for water quality management including water treatment plants. With respect to our project, the role of a PDAM is to purchase treated water produced by a business entity, to maintain the supply network of a downstream, and to supply water to every household. Accordingly, a PDAM needs to make a decision on how much water will be obtained from the Karian dam, according to the construction plan of a water supply network. Being under the direct control of the local government, a PDAM makes an annual plan to extend the connection of water supply network and request for financing needed for infrastructure construction to the local government. 2-38

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation Chapter 3. BASIC DATA & SITE INVESTIGATION 3.1 Topographical survey 3.1.1 Overview The survey for this feasibility study does not require any change in location of a booster pump station or route of water conveyance pipeline. Therefore, after the consultation with BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyian), the result of a survey that had been performed for “master planning and feasibility study of the Karian Dam- Serpong water conveyance and water supply system” by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) in 2011, was reviewed and utilized as basic data. 3.1.2 Location of project The project area is located at between 105° 87’ and 106° 82' east longitude and between 6° 10′ and 6° 99′ south latitude on a topographic map and the area stretches from Tigaraksa district of Tangerang regency in Banten province to Serpong district of South Tangerang city. 3.1.3 Result of survey The existing result of a topographical survey on water conveyance pipelines covering an area between the starting point of the Kairan Dam (Ciuyah village) and Parung Panjang; an area between Tigaraksa (KSCS 1/IP 34) and Parung Panjang; and an area between Parung Panjang to Serpong WTP (KSCS 2 / IP 52) is as follows: (1) Measurement of ground height The ground height of the section covering the Karian Dam and Tigaraksa varies between +36.900m and +58.40m, the ground height of the KSCS section1 (from Tigaraksa to Parung Panjang ) ranges from +22.49m to +48.08m, and the KSCS section 2 (from Parung Panjang to Serpong) varies considerably, ranging from +13.10m to + 59.49m. The ground height of the starting point of measurement (Karian Dam) is +58.40m whereas the ground height of the end point (Serpong) is measured at 37.16m, which has a gap of 21.24m. (2) Current status of land use According to the result of a topographical survey, rice paddies account for 65 percent of the land use, fields and gardens make up 20 percent, potentially arable land makes up 5 percent, and the rest 10 percent is residential areas including Malangnengah, Karang Tengah, Cisauk, Kademangan, and Serpong. 3-1

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 3.1.4 Field investigation of planned site for a booster pump station, and roads, railroads, river crossing routes An extensive field investigation, which covers a planned site for a booster pump station as well as roads, railroads, river crossing routes for water conveyance pipelines, was carried out for five days from March 15th to 21st, 2018. The scope of the field investigation includes planned sites for a booster pump station and Serpong water treatment plant, and the investigation on the entire route was performed based upon a conveyance route map plan obtained from BBWS C3. This task is performed to identify any road, railroad, and river crossing routes. As for the river crossing point and the railroad crossing point, at which the crossing points are clearly identified, each and every point was the subject of this field investigation. In contrast, as for the road crossing routes, this field investigation was performed only on major crossing routes because there exist some crossing points that are not clearly identified or subject to change in the future. The latitude and longitude coordinates of a booster pump station site and each crossing point are shown in <Table 3.1> and <Table 3.2>. <Table 3.1> The coordinates of a booster pump station Classification Latitude Longitude A planned site for a booster pump station 6° 24′28.42ʺS 106° 20′31.61ʺE <Table 3.2> The coordinates of crossing points No Classification Crossing point Latitude Longitude 1 River crossing 01 River 6° 24′18.68ʺS 106° 20′47.73ʺE 2 River crossing 02 River 6° 20′39.12ʺS 106° 24′34.85ʺE 3 Railroad crossing 01 Railroad 6° 19′45.36ʺS 106° 25′58.48ʺE 4 Road crossing 01 Road 6° 20′17.65ʺS 106° 34′28.60ʺE 5 Railroad crossing 02 Railroad 6° 20′13.84ʺS 106° 35′46.81ʺE 6 Road crossing 02 Road 6° 20′26.44ʺS 106° 38′13.06ʺE 7 River crossing 03 River 6° 19′35.28ʺS 106° 39′33.79ʺE 3-2

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation <Figure 3.1> Location map of field investigation (1) A planned site for a booster pump station A planned site for a booster pump station Ground plan Picture of current state 3-3

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia According to our consultations with the project execution agency and field investigation, a planned site for the booster pumping station is a state-owned land, which is deemed to have no difficulty acquiring the land. Being 300m distant from the existing road, the site will be easily accessible. Its hydraulic location allows gravitational flow from the intake tower to the booster pumping station via the conveyance tunnel and the pipeline. (2) River crossing points Classification River crossing 01 River crossing 02 River crossing 03 Cisadane River River Ciuiyah River Cidurian River Width: 70m Description Width: 40m, Width: 20m, - Slope height: 20m, Slope height: 10m Current Bed condition: rock ground water level 2~3m 0.5m River crossing 01 Ground plan Picture Height : 20m of Width : 40m current state 3-4

River crossing 02 Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation 3-5 Ground plan Picture of current state River crossing 03 Ground plan Picture of current state

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia (3) Railroad crossing points Classification Railroad crossing 01 Railroad crossing 02 Location Tigaraka Station 3km on the railroad from Parung Panjang Station to Cicayur Station Width 40m 15m Railroad crossing 01 Ground plan Picture of current state Railroad crossing 02 Ground plan Picture of current state 3-6

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation (4) Road crossing points Classification Road crossing 01 Road crossing 02 JI. Raya Cisauk-Legok Road JI. Raya Parung Panjang Width 11m (two-lane) 11m (two-lane) Pavement Concrete Concrete Road crossing 01 Ground plan Picture  Type of pavement : Concrete of  Type of pavement : Concrete current state Road crossing 02 Ground plan Picture of current state 3-7

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 3.2 Soil investigation 3.2.1 Overview The investigation of the geological features and ground of the areas between Parung Panjang and Serpong, and between Tigaraksa and Parung Panjang had been carried out when KOICA implemented “master planning and feasibility study of the Karian Dam-Serpong water conveyance system” in 2011. As the survey for this feasibility study does not require any change in route of water conveyance pipeline, the result of the soil investigation previously conducted is examined and reflected in our design, after the consultation with BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyian). (1) Content of survey The scope of the said soil and ground survey is as shown in <Table 3.3>. <Table 3.3> Scope of soil investigation Classification Amount Remarks Unit RWC EWC Total Core Drilling No. 7 10 17 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) Times 35 52 87 Boring test Undisturbed Sampling sample 7 10 17 Disturbed Sampling sample 7 10 17 Natural water content test 7 10 17 Specific Gravity test 7 10 17 Indoor Unit Weight test 7 10 17 test Atterberg Limit test 7 10 17 Sieve Analysis test 7 10 17 Triaxial test 7 10 17 Report & Analysis c/s 1 Source: 1. Report on soil investigation of master planning of the Karian Dam-Serpong water conveyance system (2011, KOICA) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) 3-8

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation (2) Location of soil investigation The location of a soil investigation is as shown in <Table 3.4>. <Table 3.4> Location of soil investigation Boring Survey Coordinates Remarks No Name Y (m) X (m) Z (m) Point 1 BWC-1 IP3 674151 9299126 47 2 BWC-2 IP10 674605 9299059 48 3 BWC-3 IP15 676590 9299236 53 4 BWC-4 IP20 678442 9299043 52 5 BWC-5 IP21C~IP22 679010 9299216 49 6 BWC-6 IP27 680573 9298934 51 7 BWC-7 IP32 681320 9298818 51 8 BWC-8 IP37~IP38A 682017 9299372 20 9 BWC-9 IP44 683534 9300354 18 10 BWC-10 IP45 683593 9300482 24 11 BWC-11 IP46 661131 9302667 41 12 BWC-12 IP55~IP56 662236 9303102 30 13 BWC-13 IP59~IP60 663763 9303148 42 14 BWC-14 IP63~IP64 664567 9302568 52 15 BWC-15 IP71 667558 9301309 26 16 BWC-16 IP75 669265 9300513 36 17 BWC-17 IP85~IP86 673607 9299274 37 Source: 1. Report on soil investigation of master planning of the Karian Dam-Serpong water conveyance system (2011, KOICA) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) 3.2.2 Result of survey (1) Topography and Geology 1) Topography In the south of the existing railroad route connecting Ciuyah and Serpong are many highlands with an elevation of more than 50 m. The elevation in the northern region varies 3-9

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia between 35m and 59m, and some highlands with an elevation of more than 50m are situated in between the right bank of the Cidurian River and the left bank of the Cimanceuri River. Regionally, along the watercourses of the Cidurian, Cimanceuri, and Cisadane Rivers are terrains with relatively lower elevation ranging from 35m to 59, with old traces of watercourses formed by these rivers. The lowlands stretch about 500m along the Cidurian River and 200m to 800m along the Cisadane river. The hills and lowlands form a small valley with an elevation of 20m to 40m, along the Ciuyah tunnel exit and the Serpong Water Treatment Plant. Details are as shown in <Figure 3.2>. and <Figure 3.3>. <Figure 3.2> Location map <Figure 3.3> Longitudinal section of water conveyance 3-10

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation 2) Geology The Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system is divided into three sections. ① Conveyance route between Ciuyah and Tigaraksa Mostly classified as the Genteng Formation (Tpg), the stratum of this region is made up of pumiceous tuff, pudding stone, and breccia. Some parts of this region are classified as Banten Tuff, consisting of tuff, pumiceous tuff, and tuffaceous sandstone. Other parts of the region are made up of the alluvial deposits of the Ciujung River, which include gravel, sand, earth and clay. The distance between Karian Dam and Tigaraksa is 20.6 km. ② Conveyance route between Tigaraksa and Parung Panjang This region’s geology is classified as the Genteng Formation, consisting of pumiceous tuff, pudding stone, and breccia. It is also formed by the Bojongmanik Formation (Tmb) which is made up of sandstone, claystone, and limestone. Some parts of this region are made up of the alluvial deposits of the Cimanceuri River, which include sand, gravel, clay, rock, and silt. The distance between Tigaraksa and Parung Panjang is 15.4 km. ③ Conveyance route between Parung Panjang and Serpong This region’s geology is formed by the Genteng Formation, consisting of pumiceous tuff, pudding stone, and breccia. Some parts of the region are classified as Bojongmanik Formation (Tmb), consisting of sandstone, claystone, and limestone, while other parts are formed by the alluvial deposits of the Cisadane River, which include sand, gravel, clay, rock, and silt. The distance between Parung Panjang and Serpong is 11.9 km. The current geology of the surveyed region is as shown in <Figure 3.4>. <Figure 3.4> The current geology of the surveyed area 3-11

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia (2) Geological features 1) Conveyance route between Ciuyah and Tigaraksa The overburden layer, mainly made up of silt, clay silt, and clay lies above the left bank with 3.0m in depth and the right bank with 2.35 m in depth. The N-value1) is less than 50. The geology of the Cisuruh River consists of silt and clay, which are fragile and plastic. The N- vales range from 5 to 10, its overburden layer is deemed a stratum formed by the weathering of tuff. 2) Conveyance route between Tigaraksa and Parung Panjang In this region, firm soil which is found in clay, clayey sand, and sandy clay stratum appears at a location with a depth of 3.5 m to 8.0 m and the N-value of 30 to 50. The depth of the overburden layer is 0.2m to 0.3m. 3) Conveyance route between Parung Panjang and Serpong In this region, firm soil which is found in clay, clayey sand, and clay stratum appears at a location with a depth of 8.7m and the N-value of 30 to 50. The depth of the overburden layer is 0.2m to 0.3m. (3) Indoor test 1) Test method In accordance with the ASTM and JIS standards and corresponding methods authorized by engineers, an indoor test on soil sample (disturbed and undisturbed) was conducted. ① Index Properties Test: - Specific Gravity Analysis : D854 – 91 / JIS A1202 - Natural Water Content : D2216 – 90 / JIS A1203 - Unit Weight (Density) : JIS A1214 - Grain Size Analysis (GSA) : JIS A1204 - Atterberg Limit : JIS A1206 ② Engineering Properties Test: - Triaxial Test : UU & CU - Consolidation Test : ASTM D2850 - Compaction Test (Proctor) : JIS A1210 Note 1) The N value is a value measured in the standard penetration test in which a hammer weighing 63.5kg free falls from the height of 76cm to a split spoon sampler with the standard outer diameter of 50.8cm, and then the number of hits required to penetrate 45cm is measured. The number of hits required to penetrate the initial 15cm regarded as preliminary hits is excluded, and the number of hits required to penetrate the remaining 30cm is marked as the N value, the penetration resistance. The standard penetration test can be used to identify soil layers, classify strata, measure the N value, and calculate/estimate various engineering properties. 3-12

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation 2) Test result <Table 3.5> Result of soil quality investigation (1) 3-13

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 3.6> Result of a soil quality investigation (2) 3-14

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation <Table 3.7> Result of a soil quality investigation (3) 3-15

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 3.3 Water quality investigation 3.3.1 Overview The investigation of the source water quality is currently under construction of the Karian Dam, Since investigation could be carried out after completion of the dam and fresh water, water quality survey was not conducted and examined based on the result of the investigation that had been conducted for the feasibility study of the Karian Dam - Serpong water supply system by the Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport in 2017. 3.3.2 Location of water quality investigation The Karian Dam designed to secure and supply safe water to nine districts including West Jakarta, is currently under construction. The sampling for water quality investigation took place at a location in the downstream of the dam. The location of the investigation is as shown in <Figure 3.5>. <Figure 3.5> Location map of water quality investigation Source: Feasibility study of the Karian Dam- Serpong water supply system (2017, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport) 3.3.3 Result of water quality investigation The result of the investigation on water quality at the downstream of the Karian Dam shows that most items met the standards for raw water, generally in good quality. The only exceptions were the BOD exceeding the standard levels during the rainy season and the turbidity exceeding the standard levels during both rainy and dry seasons. High BOD levels are deemed to be attributable to the inflow of organic pollutants from the upper stream. All of which will be removed in the water treatment process. 3-16

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation <Table 3.8> Raw water quality investigation (rainy season) Parameter Standard Unit Results Method (PPRI No.82. 2001) 1. Physics TDS 1000 mg/L 80 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.145/LDJ/2003 TSS 50 mg/L 1 SNI No.06-6989.3.2004 Turbidity 5 NTU 8.45 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.141/LDJ/2003 Temperature - ℃ 28.8 SNI No.06-6989.23.2005 Colors - TCU 7 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.182/LDJ/2003 2. Chemicals Arsenic (As) 0.05 mg/L <0.0021 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Iron (Fe) 0.3 mg/L <0.0178 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Fluoride (F) 0.5 mg/L <0.03 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.149/LDJ/2004 Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 mg/L <0.0003 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Manganese (Mn) 0.1 mg/L <0.0007 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Nitrate (NO3-N) 10 mg/L <0.211 Std Met.APHA 4110C/21/2012 Nitrite (NO2-N) 0.06 mg/L <0.012 Std Met.APHA 4110C/21/2012 pH 6~9 7.50 SNI 06-6989.11-2004 Zinc (Zn) 0.05 mg/L <0.0335 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Cyanide (Cn) 0.02 mg/L <0.0015 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.190/LDJ/2003 Copper (Cu) 0.02 mg/L <0.0004 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Lead (Pb) 0.03 mg/L <0.0013 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Ammonia (NH3-N) 0.5 mg/L <0.02 SNI No.06-696.30.2005 BOD 2 mg/L <7 SNI No.06-2503.1991 COD 10 mg/L 3 SOP 05/LDJ/2003;IK.209/LDJ/2004 Chromium Hexavalent 0.05 mg/L <0.0146 SOP 05/LDJ/2003;IK.189/LDJ/2004 DO 6 mg/L 8.14 SNI 06-6989.14.2004 Chlorine 0.03 mg/L <0.01 Std Met.4500CI.GI/20th/1998 Sulfide (H2S) 0.002 mg/L <0.02 Std Met.APHA 4110C/22/2012 Phenol mg/L <0.17 SNI No.06-6989.20.2004 Total Phosphate 0.2 mg/L <0.014 Std Met.APHA 4110C/21/2012 Source: Feasibility study of the Karian Dam- Serpong water supply system (2017, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport) 3-17

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 3.9> Raw water quality investigation (dry season) Parameter Standard Unit Results Method (PPRI No.82. 2001) 1. Physics TDS 1000 mg/L 65 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.145/LDJ/2003 TSS 50 mg/L 25 SNI No.06-6989.3.2004 Turbidity 5 NTU 35.70 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.141/LDJ/2003 Temperature - ℃ 28.8 SNI No.06-6989.23.2005 Colors - TCU 49 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.182/LDJ/2003 2. Chemicals Arsenic (As) 0.05 mg/L <0.0021 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Iron (Fe) 0.3 mg/L <0.002 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Fluoride (F) 0.5 mg/L 0.38 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.149/LDJ/2004 Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 mg/L <0.0003 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Manganese (Mn) 0.1 mg/L 0.0175 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Nitrate (NO3-N) 10 mg/L <0.211 Std Met.APHA 4110C/21/2012 Nitrite (NO2-N) 0.06 mg/L <0.012 Std Met.APHA 4110C/21/2012 pH 6~9 7.40 SNI 06-6989.11-2004 Zinc (Zn) 0.05 mg/L <0.0335 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Cyanide (Cn) 0.02 mg/L <0.0015 SOP 05/Labkesda/2016;IK.190/LDJ/2003 Copper (Cu) 0.02 mg/L <0.0004 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Lead (Pb) 0.03 mg/L <0.0013 Std Met.APHA 3120B/21/2012 Ammonia (NH3-N) 0.5 mg/L <0.02 SNI No.06-696.30.2005 BOD 2 mg/L <0.7 SNI No.06-2503.1991 COD 10 mg/L 3 SOP 05/LDJ/2003;IK.209/LDJ/2004 Chromium Hexavalent 0.05 mg/L <0.0146 SOP 05/LDJ/2003;IK.189/LDJ/2004 DO 6 mg/L 7.52 SNI 06-6989.14.2004 Chlorine 0.03 mg/L <0.01 Std Met.4500CI.GI/20th/1998 Sulfide (H2S) 0.002 mg/L <0.02 Std Met.APHA 4110C/22/2012 Phenol mg/L <0.17 SNI No.06-6989.20.2004 Total Phosphate 0.2 mg/L <0.014 Std Met.APHA 4110C/21/2012 Source: Feasibility study of the Karian Dam- Serpong water supply system (2017, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport) 3-18

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation It is difficult to predict exactly how good water quality will be after the completion of the Karian Dam, nevertheless, once the dam is constructed and as long as the current state of water quality is maintained, it will be possible to intake raw water of good quality. Currently, the Indonesian government has yet to have any legal or institutional mechanism to designate source water conservation areas or to prevent contaminants from flowing into source water. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare political and institutional measures to prevent contamination of source water after the completion of the dam. Water quality standards in Indonesia conform to the law No. 82/2001 on the water quality management and contamination control. The result of the raw water quality investigation is as shown in <Table 3.8> and <Table 3.9>, and the picture of the water quality investigation during the rainy and dry seasons is shown in <Figure 3.6>. <Figure 3.6> Picture of water quality investigation Rainy Season Dry Season 3-19

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 3.4 Water demand 3.4.1 Water demand by region (1) Tangerang regency The maximum consumption of water per day in Tangerang regency is estimated to be 4,330lps by 2020 and 10,720lps by 2030 whereas the supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 1,948lps. Even if the future development plan is taken into account, the capacity is estimated to reach merely 2,028lps by 2020, and 2,188lps by 2030. The demand outlook for water in Tangerang is as shown in <Table 3.10> <Table 3.10> Water demand outlook in Tangerang regency Classification Year 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 3,360,596 3,926,471 4,587,630 5,360,119 6,262,684 7,317,228 Service population (s) 982,668 1,910,892 3,123,852 4,691,121 6,262,679 7,317,227 Service ratio (%) 29.24% 48.67% 68.09% 87.52% 100.0% 100.0% Domestic water (lps) 1,185 2,495 4,390 7,060 10,049 12,469 Demand Non-domestic water (lps) 67 140 247 397 566 702 (A) 5.63% 5.63% 5.63% 5.63% 5.63% 5.63% Non-domestic to domestic 1,130 1,546 1,864 2,654 3,293 water ratio (%) 659 Water loss (lps) Water loss ratio (NRW, %) 34.50% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% Average water consumption 1,912 3,766 6,183 9,322 13,268 16,464 per day (lps) Maximum water consumption 2,198 4,330 7,111 10,720 15,258 18,933 per day (lps) WTP Cikokol 885 885 885 885 885 885 WTP Perumnas/TTM 120 120 120 120 120 120 WTP Solear & Bojongreged 200 200 200 200 200 200 WTP Babakan 80 80 80 80 80 80 Supply WTP Cisauk 50 50 50 50 50 50 (B) WTP Rajeg 25 25 25 25 25 25 IKK Mauk & Kresek 30 30 30 30 30 30 IKK Kronjo 888888 WTP Aetra Tangerang 500 580 660 740 820 900 WTP Millenium 50 50 50 50 50 50 Sum 1,948 2,028 2,108 2,188 2,268 2,348 Shortfall (B-A) (lps) (251) (2,303) (5,003) (8,533) (12,991) (16,586) Source: 1. Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-20

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation (2) Tangerang city The maximum water consumption per day in Tangerang city is estimated at 3,328lps in 2020 and 9,474lps in 2020 whereas the city’s supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 1,110lps and is expected to reach only 1,610lps even if the future development plan is taken int account. Accordingly, an estimated shortfall is 1,718lps and 7,864lps, in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The demand outlook in Tangerang city is shown in <Table 3.11>. <Table 3.11> Water demand outlook in Tangerang city Year classification 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 2,147,205 2,723,561 3,454,625 4,381,922 5,558,127 7,050,050 Demand Service population (s) 585,145 1,201,755 2,107,228 3,412,213 5,265,944 7,050,048 (A) Service ratio (%) 27.25% 44.12% 61.00% 77.87% 94.74% 100.00% Domestic water (lps) 979 2,081 3,658 5,924 9,142 12,240 Non-domestic water (lps) 230 234 412 666 1,029 1,377 Non-domestic to domestic 23.53% 11.25% 11.25% 11.25% 11.25% 11.25% water ratio (%) Water loss (lps) 436 579 1,017 1,648 2,543 3,404 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% Demand 2,894 12,713 17,021 (A) Water loss ratio (NRW, %) 26.50% Average water consumption 1,646 5,087 8,238 per day (lps) Maximum water 1,893 3,328 5,851 9,474 14,620 19,574 consumption per day (lps) WTP Mekarsari 250 250 250 250 250 250 WTP Pramuka 160 160 160 160 160 160 WTP Benda 50 50 50 50 50 50 WTP CikokolT KR 540 540 540 540 540 540 80 80 80 80 80 80 Supply Multi Agung Transco(PPP) 5 5 55 5 5 (B) Bintang Hytien Jaya(PPP) Cilamaya-Cikokol(PPP) 25 25 25 25 25 25 Moya Indonesia(PPP) - 500 500 500 500 500 Sum 1,110 1,610 1,610 1,610 1,610 1,610 Shortfall (B-A)(lps) (783) (1,718) (4,241) (7,864) (13,010) (17,964) Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-21

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia (3) South Tangerang city The maximum water consumption per day in South Tangerang city is estimated at 2,745lps in 2020 and 6,305lps in 2030 whereas the city’s supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 710lps and is expected to be 900lps and 1,280lps by 2020 and 2030, respectively, even if the future development plan is taken into account. Accordingly, an estimated shortfall is 1,845lps and 5,025lps in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The demand outlook for water in South Tangerang city is shown in <Table 3.12>. <Table 3.12> Water demand outlook in South Tangerang city Year Classification 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 1,560,205 1,895,250 2,302,245 2,796,640 3,397,204 4,126,735 Service population (s) 505,128 853,050 1,320,402 1,937,574 2,820,571 4,126,645 Demand Service ratio (%) 32.38% 45.01% 57.35% 69.28% 83.03% 100.0% (A) Domestic water (lps) 858 1,474 2,320 3,460 5,118 7,608 Non-domestic water (lps) 230 395 621 926 1,371 2,038 Non-domestic to domestic 26.77% 26.75% 26.77% 26.79% 26.79% 26.82% water ratio (%) Water loss (lps) 348 518 735 1,097 1,622 2,411 Water loss ratio (NRW, %) 24.21% 21.71% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 1,436 2,387 3,675 5,483 8,112 12,057 Demand Average water 2,745 4,227 6,305 9,329 13,866 (A) consumption per day (lps) Maximum water 1,652 consumption per day (lps) PDAM TKR 280 280 280 280 280 280 Deep Well Bintaro Jaya 50 50 50 50 50 50 Supply WTP BSD City 250 440 630 820 1,010 1,200 (B) WTP Lippo Karawaci 130 130 130 130 130 130 Sum 710 900 1,090 1,280 1,470 1,660 Shortfall (B-A)(lps) (942) (1,845) (3,137) (5,025) (7,859) (12,206) Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-22

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation (4) West Jakarta The maximum water consumption per day in West Jakarta is estimated at 19,132lps in 2020 and 20,043lps in 2030 whereas the city’s supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 9,350lps and is expected to be 12,500lps by 2020 and 15,000lps by 2030, even if the future development plan is taken into account. Accordingly, an estimated shortfall is 6,632lps and 5,043lps in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The demand outlook for water in West Jakarta is shown in <Table 3.13>. <Table 3.13> Water demand outlook in West Jakarta Year Classification 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 5,071,316 5,370,633 5,692,610 6,033,890 6,395,630 6,779,057 Service population (s) 3,663,516 5,370,626 5,692,606 6,033,882 6,395,625 6,779,055 Service ratio (%) 72.24% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Domestic water (lps) 5,300 8,702 9,224 9,777 10,363 10,985 Non-domestic water (lps) 1,060 2,785 2,952 3,129 3,316 3,515 20.00% 32.00% 32.00% 32.00% 32.00% 32.00% Demand (A) Non-domestic to domestic water ratio (%) Water loss (lps) 3,197 5,149 4,841 4,523 4,191 3,843 Water loss ratio (NRW, %) 33.45% 30.95% 28.45% 25.95% 23.45% 20.95% Average water 9,557 16,636 17,018 17,429 17,870 18,343 consumption per day (lps) Maximum water 10,991 19,132 19,570 20,043 20,551 21,094 consumption per day (lps) 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Supply WTP Pejompongan I 2,000 (B) 3-23

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia Year Classification 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 WTP Pejompongan II 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 WTP Cilandak I 350 350 350 350 350 350 BW Warunggantung 75 75 75 75 75 75 (From Cikokol TKR) WTP Taman Kota 150 150 150 150 150 150 WTP Serpong 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800 WTP BKB 300 300 300 300 300 300 Supply WTP Pejaten (B) (Ciliwung River) WTP Pesanggrahan - 200 200 200 200 200 (No SIIPA yet) - 600 600 600 600 600 BW Jatiluhur 1 - 1,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 WTP Jembatan Besi - 700 700 700 700 700 WTP Cilandak II - 400 400 400 400 400 Sea Water RO Supply (B) - 250 500 750 1,000 1,250 Ancol RO 50 50 50 50 50 50 Pelabuhan Priok RO 25 25 25 25 25 25 Sum 9,350 12,500 14,750 15,000 15,250 15,500 Shortfall (B-A)(lps) (1,641) (6,632) (4,820) (5,043) (5,301) (5,594) Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-24

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation (5) Bogor regency (Parung Panjang district) The maximum water consumption per day in Bogor regency is estimated to reach 197lps by 2020 and 357lps by 2030 whereas the supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 100lps with no future development plan established. An estimated shortfall is 97lps and 257lps in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The demand outlook for water in Parung Panjang district is shown in <Table 3.14>. <Table 3.14> Water demand outlook in Parung Panjang, Bogor Year Classification 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 127,337 147,968 171,941 199,798 232,168 269,783 Service population (s) 47,664 83,664 119,664 155,664 191,664 227,664 Service ratio (%) 37.43% 56.54% 69.60% 77.91% 82.55% 84.39% Domestic water (lps) 66 116 166 216 266 316 Non-domestic water (lps) 10 17 25 32 40 47 Demand 15.00% 15.00% 15.00% 15.00% 15.00% 15.00% (A) Non-domestic to 37 48 62 77 91 domestic water ratio (%) Water loss (lps) 28 Water loss ratio (NRW,%) 26.88% 21.88% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 171 239 311 383 455 Average water 104 197 275 357 440 523 consumption per day (lps) 120 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Maximum water consumption per day (lps) PDAM Tirta Kahuripan 100 Supply 100 (B) Sum Shortfall (B-A)(lps) (20) (97) (175) (257) (340) (423) Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-25

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia (6) Lebak regency The maximum water consumption per day in Lebak regency is estimated to reach 708lps by 2020 and 1,156lps by 2030 whereas the supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 350lps with no future development plan established. An estimated shortfall is 358lps and 806lps in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The demand outlook for water in Lebak regency is as shown in <Table 3.15>. <Table 3.15> Water demand outlook in Lebak regency Year Classification 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 1,244,359 1,271,809 1,299,258 1,326,708 1,354,157 1,381,607 Service population (s) 138,930 230,850 333,125 435,400 537,675 639,950 Service ratio (%) 11,16% 18,15% 25,64% 32,82% 39,71% 46,32% Domestic water (lps) 193 347 501 655 809 963 Non-domestic water (lps) 29 52 75 98 121 144 Demand Non-domestic to domestic 15,00% 15,00% 15,00% 15,00% 15,00% (A) water (%) 15,00% 216 248 252 234 277 Water loss (lps) 148 Water loss ratio (NRW,%) 40,08% 35,08% 30,08% 25,08% 20,08% 20,00% 615 824 1,006 1,164 1,384 Average water 370 708 948 1,156 1,339 1,592 consumption per day (lps) 170 170 170 170 170 Maximum water 426 consumption per day (lps) WTP Pabuaran 170 WTP Leuwidamar 50 50 50 50 50 50 Supply WTP Bayah, etc. 120 120 120 120 120 120 (B) WTP Pajagan (Sajira) 10 10 10 10 10 10 Sum 350 350 350 350 350 350 Shortfall (B-A)(lps) (76) (358) (598) (806) (989) (1,242) Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-26

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation (7) Serang regency The maximum water consumption per day in Serang regency is estimated to reach 1,482lps by 2020 and 2,726lps by 2030 whereas the supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 633lps with no future development plan established. An estimated shortfall is 849lps and 2,093lps in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The demand outlook for water in Serang regency is as shown in <Table 3.16>. <Table 3.16> Water demand outlook in Serang regency Classification Year 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 1,481,277 1,560,047 1,643,006 1,730,376 1,822,393 1,919,303 Service population (s) 250,605 673,654 942,859 1,238,791 1,563,529 1,919,303 Service ratio (%) 16.92% 43.18% 57.39% 71.59% 85.80% 100.0% Domestic water (lps) 334 897 1,255 1,649 2,081 2,555 Non-domestic water (lps) 50 134 188 247 312 383 Demand Non-domestic to domestic 15.00% 15.00% 15.00% 15.00% 15.00% 15.00% (A) water ratio (%) 144 258 361 474 598 734 Water loss (lps) Water loss ratio (NRW,%) 27.36% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% Average water 528 1,289 1,804 2,370 2,992 3,672 consumption per day (lps) Maximum water 607 1,482 2,075 2,726 3,440 4,223 consumption a day (lps) WTP Kenari 100 100 100 100 100 100 WTP Carenang 50 50 50 50 50 50 WTP Cijeruk 80 80 80 80 80 80 WTP Kendayakan 60 60 60 60 60 60 WTP Kroya 80 80 80 80 80 80 Supply WTP Ciruas 15 15 15 15 15 15 (B) WTP Cisirih 40 40 40 40 40 40 Deep Wells 50 50 50 50 50 50 Springs 87 87 87 87 87 87 PDAM Tirta Albantani 562 562 562 562 562 562 PT. Sarana Tirta 49 49 49 49 49 49 PT. Sauh Bahtera 23 23 23 23 23 23 Sum 633 633 633 633 633 633 Shortfall (B-A)(lps) 26 (849) (1,441) (2,093) (2,807) (3,590) Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-27

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia (8) Serang city The maximum water consumption per day in Serang city is estimated to reach 476lps by 2020 and 1,144lps by 2030 whereas the supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 59lps with no future development plan established. An estimated shortfall is 417lps and 1,085lps in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The demand outlook for water in Serang city is as shown in <Table 3.17>. <Table 3.17> Water demand outlook in Serang city Year Classification 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 754,967 1,071,547 1,520,878 2,158,627 3,063,802 4,348,544 Service population (s) 83,834 207,352 330,696 498,189 727,822 1,041,474 Service ratio (%) 11.10% 19.35% 21.74% 23.08% 23.76% 23.95% Domestic water (lps) 112 276 440 663 969 1,386 Demand 22 55 88 133 194 277 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% (A) 132 199 291 416 Non-domestic water (lps) Non-domestic to domestic 20.00% 20.00% water (%) Water loss (lps) 50 83 Water loss ratio (NRW,%) 27.36% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 660 995 1,453 2,079 Average water 184 414 759 1,144 1,671 2,391 Demand consumption per day (lps) 212 476 59 59 59 59 59 59 (A) Maximum water 59 59 consumption per day (lps) Supply PDAM Tirta Albantani 59 59 (B) Sum 59 59 Shortfall (B-A)(lps) (153) (417) (701) (1,085) (1,612) (2,333) Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-28

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation (9) Cilegon city The maximum water consumption per day in Cilegon city is estimated to reach 502ps by 2020 and 872lps by 2030 whereas the supply capacity of existing facilities stands at 230lps with no future development plan established. An estimated shortfall is 272lps and 642ps in 2020 and 2030, respectively. The demand outlook for water in Cilegon city is as shown in <Table 3.18>. <Table 3.18> Water demand outlook in Cilegon city Year Classification 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Projected population (s) 421,895 487,167 562,537 649,569 750,065 866,109 Service population (s) 109,249 182,749 270,249 357,749 445,249 536,249 Service ratio (%) 25.89% 37.51% 48.04% 55.07% 59.07% 61.91% Demand Domestic water (lps) 161 269 397 526 654 788 62 82 102 123 (A) Non-domestic water (lps) 17 42 10.59% 10.59% 10.59% 10.59% 143 150 187 225 Non-domestic to domestic 10.59% 10.59% water ratio (%) Water loss (lps) 91 126 Water loss ratio (NRW,%) 33.80% 28.80% 23.80% 19.80% 19.80% 19.80% 603 758 943 1,136 Average water consumption 268 436 693 872 1,085 1,306 309 502 230 230 230 230 Demand per day (lps) 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 (A) Maximum water consumption per day (lps) Supply PDAM Tirta Cilegon (B) Mandiri Sum Shortfall (B-A)(lps) (79) (272) (463) (642) (855) (1,076) Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-29

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia 3.4.2 Water demand and supply analysis As shown in <Table 3.19>, the water demand analysis in the project area indicates the demand for water is much higher than the supply in most of the regions. <Table 3.19> The result of water demand and supply analysis Year Service area 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Tangerang Demand 2,198 4,330 7,111 10,720 15,258 18,933 regency Supply 1,948 2,028 2,108 2,188 2,268 2,348 Shortfall -251 -2,303 -5,003 -8,533 -12,991 -16,586 Demand 1,893 3,328 5,851 9,474 14,620 19,574 Tangerang city Supply 1,110 1,610 1,610 1,610 1,610 1,610 Shortfall -783 -1,718 -4,241 -7,864 -13,010 -17,964 South Tangerang Demand 1,652 2,745 4,227 6,305 9,329 13,866 city Supply 710 900 1,090 1,280 1,470 1,660 Shortfall -942 -1,845 -3,137 -5,025 -7,859 -12,206 Demand 10,991 19,132 19,570 20,043 20,551 21,094 West Jakarta Supply 9,350 12,500 14,750 15,000 15,250 15,500 Shortfall -1,641 -6,632 -4,820 -5,043 -5,301 -5,594 Bogor regency Demand 120 197 275 357 440 523 (Parung Panjang Supply 100 100 100 100 100 100 district) Shortfall -20 -97 -175 -257 -340 -423 Demand 426 708 948 1,156 1,339 1,592 Lebak regency Supply 350 350 350 350 350 350 Shortfall -76 -358 -598 -806 -989 -1,242 Demand 607 1,482 2,075 2,726 3,440 4,223 Serang regency Supply 633 633 633 633 633 633 Shortfall 26 -849 -1,441 -2,093 -2,807 -3,590 Demand 212 476 759 1,144 1,671 2,391 Serang city Supply 59 59 59 59 59 59 Shortfall -153 -417 -701 -1,085 -1,612 -2,333 Demand 309 502 693 872 1,085 1,306 Cilegon city Supply 230 230 230 230 230 230 Shortfall -79 -272 -463 -642 -855 -1,076 Source: Master planning and PPP development scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 3-30

Chapter 3. Basic data and site investigation 3.4.3 Water distribution plan The Karian Dam has a supply capacity of 14.6m3/s and the Pasir Kopo Dam has a supply capacity of 3.3 m3/s, so the total capacity of the combined dams is 17.9m3/s. Of which, 12.4m3/s will be supplied via Karian – Serpong conveyance pipeline, which is planned to be constructed during this project. Demand outlook by region and the Indonesian government’s plan on the supply of water resources (POLA) are taken into account to devise a water distribution plan as shown in <Table 3.20>. The water demand is based on the year 2030 as shown in <Table 3.19> with its demand/supply ratio being 34%, which will require an additional water supply. <Table 3.20> Water resources distribution plan for Karian Dam Region Service area Water demand Water Planned WTP (m3/s) distribution (m3/s) Total 52.80 100.0% 17.9 100.0% Subtotal 32.40 61.4% 13.5 75.4% Tangerang regency 10.72 3.6 Solear WTP South Tangerang 6.31 1.8 city 9.47 Serpong WTP 1.16 Banten Tangerang city 2.0 province Lebak regency Rankas Bitung WTP, 0.6 Maja WTP Serang regency 2.73 0.7 Serang city 1.14 Outside the project area Cilegon city 0.87 0.3 (Petir WTP) 0.5 Ciujungan River - Stream maintenance 4.0 water West Java Bogor regency 0.36 0.7% 0.2 1.1% Parung Panjang WTP (Parung Panjang) West Jakarta West Jakarta 20.04 37.9% 4.2 23.5% Serpong WTP Source: Data from BBWS C3 3-31

Chapter 4. Related facilities and plans Chapter 4. RELATED FACILITIES AND PLANS 4.1 Overview This project is a project to construct water conveyance pipelines, a part of the water supply system that aims to provide water to the country’s densely populated areas including the capital city of Jakarta. The planned conveyance system takes raw water from the Karian Dam currently under construction at the upstream of the Ciujung river in West Banten province, Java, which is a source of water, and delivers water to the Serpong water treatment plant slated to be constructed through PPP project as well as other to-be-built water treatment plants in the neighborhood. Current status of related facilities is shown in <Table 4.1>. <Table 4.1> Current status and plans of conveyance-related facilities Classification Upstream facilities This project Downstream facilities Facility Karian Dam Conveyance pipeline Water treatment plant Related Intake tower Phase 1 Phase 2 Serpong WTP facilities Conveyance tunnel Rangkas Bitung WTP Booster pump Branch Maja WTP Solear WTP station pipeline Parung Panjang WTP Main pipeline PPP project to be implemented Current status To be completed EDPF - by 2021 PPP Financing (plan) EDCF The amount of available water resources of the Karian Dam is 14.6m3/s that equals to 1,260,000m3/d. The planned conveyance system aims to supply safe water of 9.1m3/s to the east of the Dam – Lebak regency, Tangerang regency, Tangerang city, South Tangerang city, and Bogor regency (Parungg Panjang district) – and additional water of 3.3m3/s after the completion of the Pasir Kopo Dam. Its main facilities include an intake facility, a booster pumping station, and conveyance pipelines, and major considerations are as follows: • To prevent contamination caused by influent sewage such as domestic sewage and livestock wastewater; to secure wildlife crossings; to prevent environmental damage caused by soil erosion; and to promote convenient operation and maintenance • To make the conveyance routes appropriate to terrains and features in the neighborhood; and to deploy the conveyance routes to save compensation costs and minimize civil complaints and grievances • To reflect a road plan for maintenance and management in the future • To introduce an automated system (TM/TC) in order to flexibly respond to variation in the flow rate or water level with time 4-1

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia • To equip all conveyance facilities with manual valves, except for a booster pump station; to allow an operator of each water treatment plant to control the control facilities (a water gauge and inflow motor-operated valve) so that the operator can decide the flow rate at its own discretion in normal times; and to allow an operator to receive measurements from a water gauge of an intake tower, a flowmeter installed in the conveyance pipeline, and an inflow rate control device of the water treatment plant for the operation control of booster pumps. 4.2 Existing water treatment plants in operation Water treatment plants are mostly run by PDAMs and private service providers. The current status of water supply service across Banten and West Jakarta is as shown in <Table 4.2>. <Table 4.2> Current status of water supply service in Banten and West Jakarta Population Service ratio (%) No. Region Population PDAM Private Sum Remark (2013) company 1 Tangerang regency 3,157,780 19.0% 2.8% 21.8% Private service provider is BSD. Lippo and AAT residential areas included. 2 South Tangerang city 1,443,403 10.0% 8.3% 18.3% Private service provider is BSD. Bintaro Jaya is included. Private service provider is PT Bintang 3 Tangerang city 1,952,396 32.6% 0.2% 32.8% Hetien. PT. Moya is not factored in. 4 West Jakarta 4,326,032 - 63.5% 63.5% PALYJA is a service provider. Parungg Panjang PDAM Tirta Kahuripan 5 district 105,955 29.0% - 29.0% (Bogor regency) 6 Serang regency 1,450,894 17.1% 5.5% 22.6% Private companies include PT SCTK and PT Sauh Bahtera 7 Serang city 611,897 5.4% - 5.4% PT Tirta Serang Madani not factored in. 8 Lebak regency 1,247,906 8.4% - 8.4% PT Bangun Tirta Lebak not factored in. 9 Cilegon city 349,569 17.1% 4.2% 21.3% PT KTI is the main service provider. Banten province + 14,645,832 12.7% 20.8% 33.53% West Jakarta (PALYJA) Banten province 10,319,800 18.0% 3.0% 21.0% (excluding West Jakarta) Source: 1. Basic design and PPP basic plan report on the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction project (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) 4-2

Chapter 4. Related facilities and plans <Table 4.3> below shows the list of water treatment plants owned by the PDAM of Tangerang regency. The regency’s PDAM owns 14 water treatment plants, but all are on a small scale except the Serpong and Cikokol water treatment plants. <Table 4.3> List of water treatment plants owned by PDAM of Tangerang regency No. Name Type District Village Design Production capacity (l/sec) (l/sec) 1 Cisadane/Serpong WTP Setu Kademangan 3,000 3,000 2 Cikokol WTP Tangerang Babakan 1,750 1,575 3 TTM/Perumnas WTP Cibodas Cibodas 120 120 4 Solear WTP Cisoka Solear 100 100 5 Bojongrenged WTP Teluk Naga Bojongrenged 100 100 6 Babakan WTP Tangerang Babakan 80 80 7 Rajeg WTP Rajeg Sukamana 25 25 8 Mauk IKK Mauk Mauk Timur 15 15 9 Kresek IKK Kresek Kresek 15 15 10 Kronjo IKK Kronjo PagedanganIlir 7.5 7.5 11 Cisauk WTP Cisauk Cisauk 50 50 12 Pasarkemis Deep Well Pasar Kemis 2.5 2.5 (not in operation) 13 Legok (not in IKK Legok 50 operation) 14 Curug (not in IKK Curug 50 operation) Source: 1. Master planning and PPP Development Scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction project (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) Meanwhile, <Figures 4.1> and <Figure 4.2> show the current status of operation of the Serpong and Cikokol water treatment plants. The Serpong WTP is owned by Tangerang’s PDAM and operated by Traya Tirta Cisadane. It takes raw water from the Cisadane river at a price of 42 rupiahs per ton and sells the treated water of 2.8m3/s to PALYJA at a price of 2,250 rupiahs per ton. (KRW 173won/m3) 4-3

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Figure 4.1> Current status of operation of Serpong WTP (West Jakarta) South Tangerang city Water right ) The Cikokol water treatment plant is operated by Tirta Kencana Mandiri, which takes raw water from the Cisadane river and sells the treated water to Tangerang regency, PALYJA, and Tangerang city, at a price of 1,400 rupiahs per ton. (KRW 108 won/m3) <Figure 4.2> Current status of operation of Cikokol WTP Tangerang regency (West Jakarta) Tangerang city Water right ) <Table 4.4> shows the list of water treatment plants owned by the PDAM of Tangerang city. The city’s PDAM owns nine water treatment plants, mostly on a small scale with a capacity of 0.1m3/s. 4-4

Chapter 4. Related facilities and plans <Table 4.4> List of water treatment plants owned by PDAM of Tangerang city No. Name Type District Village Design Production Capacity (l/sec) (l/sec) 1 Pasarbaru WTP Neglasari Mekarsari 370 330 2 Mekarsari WTP 2x50, 1x150 250 3 Pramuka WTP 110+50 160 4 Benda WTP 50 50 5 Banjar Wijaya - WTP 30 30 Cipondoh 6 Griya Kencana Deep Well 2x2.5 5 7 Multi Agung Transco WTP Karawaci Koang Jaya 100 80 (PPP) 8 Bintang Hytien Jaya WTP Pinang Sudimara Pinang 30 5 (PPP) 9 Cilamaya-Cikokol WTP Karawaci Panunggangan Utara 30 25 (PPP) Source: 1. Master planning and PPP Development Scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction project (2015, The EXIM Bank of Korea) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) <Table 4.5> shows the list of water treatment plants owned by Palyja. Palyja owns five water treatment plants and all on a small scale except Pejompongan I and II. <Table 4.5> List of water treatment plants owned by Palyja No. Name Type District Village Design Production capacity (l/sec) (l/sec) 1 Pejompongan I WTP Tanah Abang Bendungah 3,000 2,000 Hilir 2 Pejompongan II WTP Tanah Abang Bendungah 4,000 3,600 Hilir 3 Cilandak WTP Cilandak Cilandak Timur 400 400 4 Taman Kota WTP Kembangan 150 0 (out of service) 5 Cengkareng WTP 75 75 Source: 1. Master planning and PPP Development Scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction project (2015, The EXIM Bank of Korea) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) 4-5

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia The PDAM of Bogor regency owns one water treatment plant, which is currently producing only 70 percent of the design capacity due to the decreased quantity of water from intake sources. <Table 4.6> Water treatment plant owned by PDAM of Bogor regency No. Name Type District Village Design Production capacity (l/sec) (l/sec) 1 Parung Panjang WTP Parung Panjang Kabasiran 100 70 Source: 1. Master planning and PPP Development Scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction project (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) The current condition of the Parung Panjang WTP is as shown in <Figure 4.3> with the terminal point of the conveyance (on the left) and the water intake station (on the right.) <Figure 4.3> Parung Panjang water treatment plant <Table 4.7> shows the list of water treatment plants owned by the PDAM of Serang regency. The regency’s PDAM owns 28 water treatment plants, but mostly on a small scale with a capacity of less than 0.05m3/s. Its six plants are out of service. 4-6

Chapter 4. Related facilities and plans <Table 4.7> List of water treatment plants owned by PDAM of Serang regency No. Name Type District Village Design Production capacity (l/sec) (l/sec) 1 Kenari WTP Kasemen Kenari 100 100 2 Kendayakan WTP Kragilan Kendayakan 30 30 3 Cijeruk WTP Kibin Cijeruk 20×2 40 4 Kragilan Deep Well Kragilan Kendayakan 30 30 5 Linduk WTP Pontang Kubangpuji 30 30 6 Ciruas WTP Ciruas Ranjeng 15 15 7 Kroya WTP Kasemen Margaluyu 20 20 8 Pamarayan WTP Pamarayan Leuwibanteng 20×2 20 9 Cisirih WTP Cinangka Cisirih 10 10 10 Tanara WTP Tanara Tersaba 10 10 11 Mancak (not in operation) WTP Mancak Sangiang 5 0 12 Carenang WTP Kibin Cijeruk 50 50 13 Kopo WTP Kopo Rancasumur 20×2 10 14 Cikoneng WTP Anyer Cikoneng 10 10 15 Cisangkuy WTP Cinangka Pasauran 20 0 16 Binuang WTP Binuang Renget 20 20 17 Waringin Kurung-Pulo WTP Kasemen Ka세랑an 20×2 20 Ampel 18 Ciomas Deep Well Ciomas Sukabares 10 10 19 Pamarayan Deep Well Pamarayan Sangiang 10 10 20 Sukacai Spring Baros Sukacai 60 60 21 Kramatwatu Spring Kramawatu Toyomerto 22 12 22 Padarincang Spring Padarincang Cipayung 10 10 23 Cilamojan Spring Mancak Pasir waru 5 5 24 Tirtayasa WTP Pontang Linduk 20×2 0 25 Lebakwangi (New) WTP Kragilan Kendayakan 20×2 40 26 Anyer (New) WTP Anyer Cikoneng 20 0 27 Kramatwatu (New) WTP Kramawatu Toyomerto 20 0 28 Ciruas (New) WTP Ciruas Ranjeng 20 0 Source: 1. Master planning and PPP Development Scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction project (2015, The EXIM Bank of Korea) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) 4-7

Feasibility Study for Karian – Serpong Raw Water Conveyance System (KSCS), Indonesia <Table 4.8> shows the list of water treatment plants owned by the PDAM of Lebak regency. The regency’s PDAM owns 10 water treatment plants, but mostly on a small scale with a capacity of less than 0.05m3/s. <Table 4.8> List of water treatment plants owned by PDAM of Lebak regency No. Name Type District Village Design Production capacity (l/sec) (l/sec) 1 Pabuaran WTP Rankas Bitung Pabuaran 250 170 2 Bayah WTP Bayah Bayah timur 40 20 3 Kalanganyar WTP Kalanganyar Cilangkap 30 20 4 Malingping WTP Malingping Kadujajar 20 20 20 (Kalijajar) 10 5 Cipanas (Banjar WTP Cipanas Banjar Irigasi 20 Irigasi) 6 Pajagan (Sajira) WTP Sajira Pajangan 20 7 Maja WTP Maja Maja 100 0 Lebak 50 50 8 Leuwidamar WTP Leuwidamar Parahiang 9 Muncang WTP Muncang Ciminyak 20 20 10 Wanassalam WTP Malingping Ciopedang 20 20 Source: 1. Master planning and PPP Development Scheme of the Karian Dam – Serpong water conveyance system and water treatment plant construction project (2015, The Export-Import Bank of Korea) 2. Data from BBWS C3 (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidyrian) In some parts of the regions where their financially-strapped PDAMs cannot supply water, some private companies are providing water supply service in the form of B2B or PPP. These private service providers are currently supplying water to large housing areas and a number of industrial facilities. As of 2014, the service ratio of Banten province by its PDAM and private service providers still remained low at 21 percent. 4-8

Chapter 4. Related facilities and plans 4.3 Karian Dam The Karian Dam is a multipurpose dam to be constructed through the project ordered by the Indonesian government (the ministry of public housing) and financed by South Korea’s economic development cooperation fund, or EDCF, and is currently under construction for completion by the end of 2021. The dam aims to prevent damages from floods and droughts as well as to address water shortage problems caused by rapid urbanization, industrialization, and the growing number of the population moving into the Jabotabek (DKI Jakarta, or the special region of Jakarta.) In an effort to address the growing demand for water in the special region of Jakarta, the Indonesian government conducted a survey study (BTA 155) on water resources of the Cisadane-Cimanuk Rivers in 1989. Based on the result of the said study (BTA 155), it conducted a feasibility test of the Cisadane-Cimanuk water resources, which was financed by Japan’s International Cooperation Agency, JICA, from 1991 to 1995. The feasibility study recommended that the government build four dams – Karian, Pasir Kopo, Cilawang, Tanjung – near the Cijung and Cidurian basins to secure raw water of 39.9 CMS for domestic, industrial, and agricultural water. The concept map of the Karian Dam construction project suggested by the said feasibility study is as shown in <Figure 4.4>. <Figure 4.4> Concept map of Karian Dam construction project However, a proposed plan for water resources development was not translated into an actual implementation of a project due to Indonesia’s financial crisis and Japan’s prolonged economic recession, which took a serious toll on the fund provider. Not wanting to leave water shortage issues unaddressed any longer, the Indonesian government decided to begin construction of the Karian Dam, which has the biggest capacity of water storage, instead of constructing all four dams simultaneously. 4-9