basic_medical_terminology

141 Endo- is also a prefix meaning within inside/within or inside. Metro is the stem meaning around/surrounding uterus. Endometritis, then, is a word which means inflammation outside __________ the uterus. en\"do-me-tri'tis ****************************************** 142 Peri- is a prefix which means around or surrounding. Cardio is the stem for heart. Pericarditis, then, is a word which means inflammation __________ the heart. per\"i-kar-di'tis ****************************************** 143 Ec- and ecto- are prefixes which mean out and outside. An ectopic pregnancy, for example, is a pregnancy which occurs __________ the uterine cavity. ek-top'ik ****************************************** MD0010 3-7

144 Em- and en- are also prefixes which inside/within mean within or inside. Empyema, for behind, behind example, means pus __________ a under, under body cavity. em\"pi-e'mah ****************************************** 145 Retro- and post- are prefixes which mean behind. Retrocardial means located __________ the heart and postnasal means situated __________ the nose. ret\"ro-kar'de-al post-na'zal ****************************************** 146 The prefixes sub- and hypo- mean under. Subcutaneous, for example, means __________ the skin, and a hypodermic needle is one that is inserted __________ the skin. sub\"ku-ta'ne-us hi\"po-der'mik ****************************************** MD0010 3-8

147 Inter- is a prefix meaning between. The stem, costal, means ribs. Therefore, intercostal muscles are muscles which are __________ the ribs. in\"ter-kos'tal between ****************************************** inside/within (frames 140 & 141) 148 In review, given the meaning of each of around/surrounding (frame 142) the following prefixes which indicate out/outside (frame 143) location: within/inside (frame 144) a. intra-/endo-: __________ behind (frame 145) ****************************************** under (frame 146) b. peri-: __________ between (frame 147) ****************************************** c. ec-/ecto-: __________ ****************************************** d. em-/en-: __________ ****************************************** e. retro-/post-: __________ ****************************************** f. sub-/hypo-: __________ ****************************************** g. inter-: __________ ****************************************** MD0010 3-9

149 To further reinforce what you have after (frame 139) learned, write the correct word in each inside/within (frame 140) of the blanks in the following inside/within (frame 141) sentences: around (frame 142) a. The dash after intra- indicates that outside (frame 143) the stem comes __________ (before, inside/within (frame 144) after) the prefix. behind (frame 145) ****************************************** b. Intra-abdominal means __________ the abdomen. ****************************************** c. Endometritis means inflammation __________ the uterus. ****************************************** d. Pericarditis means inflammation __________ the heart. ****************************************** e. Ectopic pregnancy is one which occurs __________ the uterine cavity. ****************************************** f. Empyema is a condition where there is an accumulation of pus __________ a body cavity. ****************************************** g. Retrocardial means located __________ the heart. ****************************************** MD0010 3-10

h. Postnasal means situated behind (frame 145) __________ the nose. under (frame 146) under (frame 146) ****************************************** between (frame 147) i. Subcutaneous indicates __________ the skin. ****************************************** j. A hypodermic needle is one that is inserted __________ the skin. ****************************************** k. Intercostal muscles are muscles which are __________ the ribs. ****************************************** If you missed any of the questions in frames 148 and 149, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 150. Section IV. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO TIME We will now study the prefixes that indicate time. ****************************************** 150 The prefixes ante- and pre- mean before. By combining the prefix ante- with the stem partum, you know that antepartum means __________ childbirth. an'te-par'tum before ****************************************** MD0010 3-11

151 A preoperative medication is a before medication which is given __________ (before, during, after) after surgery. before (frame 150) before (frame 151) pre-op'er-a-tiv after (frame 152) ****************************************** before (frame 150) 152 The prefix post- also means after. Consequently, a postoperative complication is a complication which occurred (before, during, after) surgery. post-op'er-a-tiv ****************************************** 153 In review, give the meaning of each of the following prefixes which indicate time: a. ante-: __________ ****************************************** b. pre-: __________ ****************************************** c. post-: __________ ****************************************** 154 To further reinforce what you have learned, please write the correct word in each of the blanks in the following sentences: a. Antepartum means __________ childbirth. ****************************************** MD0010 3-12

b. A preoperative medication is one before (frame 151) which is given __________ surgery. after (frame 152) ****************************************** c. A postoperative complication is one occurring __________ surgery. ****************************************** If you missed any of the questions in frames 153 and 154, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 155. Section V: PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO NEGATION We will now study prefixes that indicate negation. ****************************************** 155 The prefixes a- or- an mean without or absence of. Therefore, afebrile means __________ fever. a-feb'ril without/absence of ****************************************** 156 The stem esthesia means feeling. Therefore, anesthesia means __________ feeling. an\"es-the'ze-ah without ****************************************** MD0010 3-13

157 The prefix anti- means against. The against term antitoxin means __________ toxin or poison. without/absence of (frame 155) without (frame 156) an\"ti-tok'sin against (frame 157) ****************************************** without/absence of (frame 155) 158 In review, give the meaning of each of without/absence of (frame 156) the following prefixes which indicate against (frame 157) negation: a. a-: __________ ****************************************** b. an-: __________ ****************************************** c. anti-: __________ ****************************************** 159 To further reinforce what you have learned, please write the correct word in each of the blanks in the following sentences: a. Afebrile means __________ fever. ****************************************** b. Anesthesia means __________ feeling. ****************************************** c. Antitoxin means __________ toxin or poison. ****************************************** MD0010 3-14

If you missed any of the questions in frames 158 and 159, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 160. Section VI. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO AMOUNT OR COMPARISON We will now study prefixes thatindicate amount or comparison. ****************************************** 160 Uni and mono- are prefixes which mean one or single. Monocyte, for example, refers to a __________ cell. A unicycle has one wheel. mon'o-sit ****************************************** single 161 Bi- is a prefix indicating the number two three two. Bi-lateral, then, refers to __________ sides. A bicycle has two wheels. bi-lat'er-al ****************************************** 162 The prefix for three is tri. Therefore, the valve in the heart which has __________ parts is called the tricuspid valve. A tricycle has three wheels. tri-kus'pid ****************************************** MD0010 3-15

163 The prefix quadri- means four. A four person with quadriplegia has paralysis many in all __________ limbs. half half kwod\"ri-ple'je-ah ****************************************** 164 The prefixes multi- and poly- mean many or much. A person with polyneuritis has inflammation of __________ nerves. pol\"e-nu-ri'tis ****************************************** 165 The prefixes hemi- and semi- mean half. A person with hemiplegia has paralysis on one-______ of the body. hem\"e-ple'je-ah ****************************************** 166 A person who is semiconscious is __________ conscious. sem\"e-kno'shus ****************************************** MD0010 3-16

167 The prefix hypo- also means too little, low or low. Therefore, a person with high hypotension has __________ blood hyper pressure. hi\"po-ten'shun ****************************************** 168 Hyper- is a prefix that is just the opposite of hypo-. Hyper means above or high. A person with hypertension, then, has blood pressure above the normal or __________ blood pressure. hi\"per-ten'shun ****************************************** 169 Emesis, as you know from lesson 2, is a word that means vomiting. A word that means excessive vomiting is __________ emesis. hi\"per-em'e-sis ****************************************** MD0010 3-17

170 The prefix for fast is tachy-. A person fast with tachycardia has an abnormally slow __________ heartbeat. little/scanty one/single (frame 160) tak'e-kar'de-ah ****************************************** 171 The prefix for slow is brady-. A person with bradycardia has an abnormally __________ heartbeat. brad\"e-kar'de-ah ****************************************** 172 The prefix for little or scanty is oligo-. The stem meaning urine is -uria. Therefore, oliguria means __________ or __________ urine. ol\"i-gu're-ah ****************************************** 173 In review, give the meaning of each of the following prefixes which indicate amount or comparison: a. Mono-: __________ ****************************************** MD0010 3-18

b. Bi-: __________ two/double (frame 161) three (frame 162) ****************************************** four (frame 163) c. Tri-: __________ many/much (frame 164) ****************************************** half (frame 165) d. Quadri: __________ low (frame 167) high (frame 168) ****************************************** fast (frame 170) e. Multi-/Poly-: __________ slow (frame 171) ****************************************** little/scanty (frame 172) f. Hemi-/Semi-: __________ ****************************************** g. Hypo-: __________ ****************************************** h. Hyper-: __________ ****************************************** i. Tachy-: __________ ****************************************** j. Brady-: __________ ****************************************** k. Oligo-: __________ ****************************************** MD0010 3-19

174 To further reinforce what you have learned, please write the correct word in each of the blanks in the following sentences. a. Monocyte refers to a _________ cell. ****************************************** single (frame 160) b. Bilateral refers to __________ two (frame 161) sides. three (frame 162) four (frame 163) ****************************************** many (frame 164) c. The tricuspid valve in the heart has half (frame 165) __________ parts. half (frame 165) low (frame 167) ****************************************** d. A person with quadriplegia has paralysis of __________ limbs. ****************************************** e. The medical term polyneuritis indicates inflammation of __________ nerves. ****************************************** f. When a person has hemiplegia, he has paralysis on one-__________ of the body. ****************************************** g. A person who is semiconscious is __________ conscious. ****************************************** h. A person with hypotension has __________ blood pressure. ****************************************** MD0010 3-20

i. A person with hypertension has high (frame 168) __________ blood pressure. fast (frame 170) slow (frame 171) ****************************************** little/scanty (frame 172) j. Tachycardia indicates an abnormally __________ heartbeat. ****************************************** k. Bradycardia refers to an abnormally __________ heartbeat. ****************************************** l. Oliguria means __________ urine. ****************************************** If you missed any of the questions in frames 173 and 174, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 175. MD0010 3-21

Section VII. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO COLOR We will now study the prefixes that indicate color. ****************************************** 175 The prefix leuko- means white. A leukocyte, then, refers to a __________ blood cell. lu'ko-sit white red ****************************************** blue/bluish 176 Erythro- is a prefix meaning red. An erythrocyte, therefore, refers to a __________ blood cell. e-rith'ro-sit ****************************************** 177 Cyano- is a prefix meaning blue. Cyanosis refers to a __________ condition of the skin. si\"ah-no'sis ****************************************** MD0010 3-22

178 Melano- is a prefix meaning dark or black. A melanoma is a malignant or __________ tumor. mel\"ah-no'mah dark/black ****************************************** An Invitation to Your Love Oh! Beauty rare with eyes cyano, Shimmering, shining hair melano, Pearly teeth, and lips erythro, Cheeks where only peaches will grow, Warm and lovely skin so leuko, Come with me into my nook-o? 179 In review, give the meaning of each of the following prefixes which indicates color. a. Leuko-: __________ white (frame 175) ****************************************** b. Erythro-: __________ red (frame 176) ****************************************** c. Cyano-: __________ blue (frame 177) ****************************************** d. Melano-: __________ dark/black (frame 178) ****************************************** MD0010 3-23

180 To further reinforce what you have white (frame 175) learned, please write the correct word red (frame 176) in each of the blanks in the following blue (frame 177) sentences. dark/black (frame 178) a. A leukocyte is a __________ blood cell. ****************************************** b. An erythrocyte is a __________ blood cell. ****************************************** c. Cyanosis is a __________ condition of the skin. ****************************************** d. When someone has a melanoma, he has a malignant __________ mole or tumor. ****************************************** If you missed any of the questions in frames 179 and 180, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 181. MD0010 3-24

Section VIII. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO SIZE AND POSITION We will now study the prefixes thatindicate size. ****************************************** 181 Micro- is a prefix meaning small. A cyte is a stem meaning cell. A microcyte, therefore, is a very __________ cell. mi'kro-sit small ****************************************** 182 A word indicating smallness of heart is __________cardia. mi\"kro-kar'de-ah microcardia large ****************************************** 183 Macro- is a prefix which means the opposite of micro. Macro- is used in words to mean __________. mak'ro-sit ****************************************** MD0010 3-25

184 Things that are macroscopic can be seen with the naked eye. Very large cells are called __________cytes. mak\"ro-scop'ik macrocytes large ****************************************** 185 Mega- is also a prefix which means front/side large. A megacolon is an abnormally __________ colon. meg\"ah-ko'lon ****************************************** We will now study the prefixes that indicate position. ****************************************** 186 Antero- is a prefix meaning anterior part or in front of. Latero- is a prefix meaning side. Therefore, anterolateral means situated in __________ and to one _________. an\"ter-o-lat'er-al ****************************************** MD0010 3-26

187 Dextro- is a prefix which means to the right right. Dextrocardia, therefore, refers to left having the heart on the __________ middle side of the body. small (frame 181) deks\"tro-kar'de-ah ****************************************** 188 Levo- is a prefix meaning to the left. Levoversion is a term which means the act of turning to the __________. le\"vo-ver'zhun ****************************************** 189 Medio- is a prefix meaning middle. The medial part of the body pertains to the __________. me'de-al ****************************************** 190 In review, give the meaning of each of the following prefixes which indicate size and position. a. Micro: __________ ****************************************** MD0010 3-27

b. Macro-: __________ large (frame 183) large (frame 185) ****************************************** to the front (frame 186) c. Mega-: __________ to the side (frame 186) to the right (frame 187) ****************************************** to the left (frame 188) d. Antero-: __________ middle (frame 189) ****************************************** small (frame 181) e. Latero-: __________ large (frame 183) ****************************************** f. Dextro-: __________ ****************************************** g. Levo-: __________ ****************************************** h. Medio-: __________ ****************************************** 191 To further reinforce what you have learned, please write the correct word in each blank in the following sentences. a. A microcyte is a very __________ cell. ****************************************** b. Macrocytes are very __________ cells. ****************************************** MD0010 3-28

c. A person with a megacolon has an large (frame 185) abnormally __________ colon. front/side (frame 186) ****************************************** right (frame 187) d. Anterolateral means in left (frame 188) __________ and to one __________. middle (frame 189) ****************************************** e. If the heart is on the __________ side of the body, it is referred to as dextrocardia. ****************************************** f. Levoversion means the act of turning to the __________. ****************************************** g. The medial part of the body is called the __________ part. ****************************************** If you missed any of the questions in frames 190 and 191, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 192. MD0010 3-29

Section IX. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS We will now conclude our study of the prefixes with some miscellaneous ones. ****************************************** 192 Hydro- is a prefix meaning water. Hydrophobia, then, means fear of __________. hi\"dro-fo'be-ah water ****************************************** 193 Dys- is a prefix meaning difficult or painful. A patient with dyspnea would be experiencing __________ or __________ breathing. disp'ne-ah difficult/painful ****************************************** 194 Nox- and noct- are prefixes meaning night. Nocturia, therefore, means urination during the __________. nok-tu're-ah night ****************************************** MD0010 3-30

195 Mal- is a prefix meaning bad. bad Malodorous means having a __________ odor. mal-o'der-es ****************************************** 196 Pan- is a prefix meaning total or all. A panhysterectomy, therefore, is a __________ hysterectomy. pan\"his-ter-ek'to-me total ****************************************** water (frame 192) 197 In review, give the meaning of each of difficult/painful (frame 193) the following prefixes. night (frame 194) a. Hydro-: __________ bad (frame 195) all or total (frame 196) ****************************************** b. Dys-: __________ ****************************************** c. Nox/Noct-: __________ ****************************************** d. Mal-: __________ ****************************************** e. Pan-: __________ ****************************************** MD0010 3-31

198 To further reinforce what you have fear (frame 192) learned, please write the correct word difficult/painful (frame 193) in each blank in the following sentences. night (frame 194) bad (frame 195) a. A person with hydrophobia has a total (frame 196) __________ of water. ****************************************** b. A patient with dyspnea would be experiencing __________ or __________ breathing. ****************************************** c. Nocturia means urination at __________. ****************************************** d. If something is malodorous, it has a __________ odor. ****************************************** e. A panhysterectomy is a __________ hysterectomy. ****************************************** If you missed any of the questions in frames 197 and 198, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing. Continue with Self-Assessment MD0010 3-32

Section X. SELF-ASSESSMENT #2 You have now completed lesson 3. To evaluate how well you have learned the prefixes covered in lesson 3, complete the self-assessment #2 questions. This self-assessment is to assist you in determining whether you need to go back and review parts of lesson 3 before going to lesson 4. When you have completed lesson 3 to your satisfaction, go to lesson 4. MD0010 3-33

SELF-ASSESSMENT #2 Prefixes LISTED BELOW IN COLUMN \"A\" ARE 10 OF THE 50 LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES GIVEN TO YOU. IN COLUMN \"B\" ARE THE ENGLISH MEANINGS OF THESE PREFIXES. MATCH THE TWO, AND WRITE THE ENGLISH MEANING FROM COLUMN \"B\" IN COLUMN \"A.\" EXAMPLE: BI = TWO COLUMN A COLUMN B 1. HYPO A. BETWEEN 2. NOX, NOCT B. LOW/UNDER 3. POLY C. DIFFICULT/PAINFUL 4. CYANO D. FAST 5. INTER E. AROUND/SURROUNDING 6. PERI F. ONE 7. DYS G. EXCESSIVE/TOO MUCH 8. TACHY H. MANY/MUCH 9. MONO I. BLUE 10. HYPER J. NIGHT MD0010 3-34

SELF-ASSESSMENT QUIZ #2 PREFIXES FOR EACH OF THE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BELOW, SELECT THE ONE MOST APPROPRIATE ANSWER. CIRCLE THE ANSWER. 11. THE PREFIX \"SUB\" IN THE WORD SUBCUTANEOUS MEANS: A. OVER C. UNDER B. RIB D. JOINT 12. THE PREFIX \"BRADY\" IN THE WORD BRADYCARDIA MEANS: A. FAST C. LOW B. SLOW D. FEW 13. THE PREFIX \"HYDRO\" IN THE WORD HYDROPHOBIA MEANS: A. AIR C. GAS B. LIQUID D. WATER 14. THE PREFIX \"A\" IN THE WORD AFEBRILE MEANS: A. WITHOUT C. IN B. WITHIN D. AROUND 15. THE PREFIX \"TACHY\" IN THE WORD TACHYCARDIA MEANS: A. LOW C. SLOW B. FAST D. FEW 16. THE PREFIX \"ERYTHRO\" IN THE WORD ERYTHROCYTE MEANS: A. BLUE C. RED B. WHITE D. BLACK 17. THE PREFIX \"AN\" IN THE WORD ANESTHESIA MEANS: A. WITHIN C. IN B. WITHOUT D. OUT MD0010 3-35

SELF-ASSESSMENT QUIZ #2 PREFIXES 18. THE PREFIX \"OLIGO\" IN THE WORD OLIGURIA MEANS: A. FEW/SCANTY C. SMALL B. LARGE D. MANY/MUCH 19. THE PREFIX \"DEXTRO\" IN THE WORD DEXTROCARDIA MEANS: A. RIGHT C. MIDDLE B. LEFT D. SIDE 20. THE PREFIX \"EM\" IN THE WORD EMPYEMA MEANS: A. BETWEEN C. OUT B. UNDER D. IN Check your answers on the following pages MD0010 3-36

SOLUTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT #2 1. B (LOW/UNDER) HYPO 2. J (NIGHT) NOX, NOCT 3. H (MANY/MUCH) POLY 4. I (BLUE) CYANO 5. A (BETWEEN) INTER 6. E (AROUND/SURROUNDING) PERI 7. C (DIFFICULT/PAINFUL) DYS 8. D (FAST) TACHY 9. F (ONE) MONO 10. G (EXCESSIVE/TOO MUCH) HYPER MD0010 3-37

SOLUTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT QUIZ #2 11. THE PREFIX \"SUB\" IN THE WORD SUBCUTANEOUS MEANS: C. UNDER 12. THE PREFIX \"BRADY\" IN THE WORD BRADYCARDIA MEANS: B. SLOW 13. THE PREFIX \"HYDRO\" IN THE WORD HYDROPHOBIA MEANS: D. WATER 14. THE PREFIX \"A\" IN THE WORD AFEBRILE MEANS: A. WITHOUT 15. THE PREFIX \"TACHY\" IN THE WORD TACHYCARDIA MEANS: B. FAST 16. THE PREFIX \"ERYTHRO\" IN THE WORD ERYTHROCYTE MEANS: C. RED 17. THE PREFIX \"AN\" IN THE WORD ANESTHESIA MEANS: B. WITHOUT 18. THE PREFIX \"OLIGO\" IN THE WORD OLIGURIA MEANS: A. FEW/SCANTY 19. THE PREFIX \"DEXTRO\" IN THE WORD DEXTROCARDIA MEANS: A. RIGHT 20. THE PREFIX \"EM\" IN THE WORD EMPYEMA MEANS: D. IN MD0010 3-38

SOLUTIONS TO PRETEST #2 1. Poor/bad 2. Night 3. Painful/difficult 4. Water 5. Large 6. Small 7. Black 8. Blue 9. Red 10. White 11. Scant 12. Slow 13. Fast or rapid 14. One 15. Free from/without 16. Excessive 17. Half 18. Many 19. Outside 20. Around 21. Under 22. Below 23. After 24. Outside 25. Against 26. Inside 27. Behind 28. Before 29. Before 30. Between 31. Two/both Go to Lesson 4 Continue with Lesson 3 MD0010 3-39

LESSON 4 LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON OBJECTIVES Suffixes Pertaining to Medical Terminology. Lesson 4, frame numbers 199-245. After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Give 10 of the 35 Latin and Greek medical suffixes and a list of English meanings of these suffixes, write the English meaning in the space provided without error. MD0010 4-1

LESSON 4 Section I. PRETEST #3 Before you turn to frame 199 and begin work on your study of suffixes in medical terminology, complete pretest #3. The pretest contains 28 questions relating to medical terminology suffixes. If you correctly answer 90% or more of the questions, you pass the pretest and should proceed to the final examination. A score of 90% on this pretest is 27 correct answers. ************************************************************************** If you pass the pretest for lesson 2, lesson 3, and lesson 4, with 90% accuracy, go to the final examination ************************************************************************** Write your answers in the space provided in each question. 1. Arthropathy is a of the joints. 2. Enterorrhagia means of the small intestine. 3. Angiosclerosis is the of blood vessels. 4. Osteomalacia means of the bone. 5. Lipolysis is the of fat. 6. Gastrectasia is the of the stomach. 7. Cephalalgia is term for in the head. 8. Cyanemia means blue . 9. Myelocele is the protrusion or of the spinal cord. 10. Dermatosis means any skin . 11. Oophoroma is an ovarian . 12. Encephalitis is of the brain. 13. A cardiocentesis is a of the heart. MD0010 4-2

14. Rhinorrhea is a from the nose. 15. Pyeloplasty is the of the renal pelvis. 16. Spermapenia means a of spermatozoa. 17. A nephropexy is the of a kidney. 18. An arthrotomy is an into a joint. 19. Esophagoduodenostomy is a new between the esophagus and the duodenum. 20. A stomatoscopy is an of the mouth with an instrument. 21. Neurorrhaphy means a nerve. 22. Hysteroptosis is the of the uterus. 23. Hematophobia is an abnormal of blood. 24. Acromegaly means that the extremities are . 25. Keratectasia means of the cornea. 26. Hypertrophy means . 27. Appendectomy is the surgical of the appendix. 28. Hepatorrhexis is the of the liver. Check your answers on page 4-32 MD0010 4-3

Section II. SUFFIXES - GENERAL INFORMATION AND DISEASES Suffixes are the final element which we will study in analyzing medical terms. Normally, when reading or breaking down a medical word, begin with the suffix. ****************************************** 199 When reading or breaking down a medical term, we usually begin with the __________. suffix ****************************************** 200 A suffix is a letter or syllable at the end of a word which adds meaning to the word. A letter or syllable at the end of a word which adds to its meaning is called a __________. suffix ****************************************** Like prefixes, suffixes could be placed into different categories of meaning. 201 Suffixes differ from prefixes, however, in that a suffix comes (before, after) the stem. after ****************************************** Most suffixes are in common use in English, but a few are peculiar to medicine. The suffixes most commonly used to indicate disease are -itis, meaning inflammation; - oma, meaning tumor; and -osis, meaning condition, usually morbid. 202 Suffixes commonly used to indicate disease are __________, __________, and __________. itis/oma/osis ****************************************** MD0010 4-4

203 To further reinforce what you have suffix (frame 199) learned, please write the correct word suffix (frame 200) in each of the blanks in the following after (frame 201) sentences: itis/oma/osis (frame 202) a. A letter or syllable at the end of a word which adds to its meaning is called a __________. ****************************************** b. When reading or breaking down a medical term, we usually begin with the __________. ****************************************** c. Suffixes differ from prefixes in that a suffix comes __________ (before, after) the stem. ****************************************** d. Suffixes commonly used to indicate disease are __________, __________, and __________. ****************************************** If you missed any of the questions in frame 203, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 204. MD0010 4-5

Section III. SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO DIAGNOSIS We will now look at the diagnostic suffixes. ****************************************** 204 The suffix -cele means hernia, protrusion, or tumor. A gastrocele, then, is a protrusion or __________ of the stomach. gas'tro-sel ****************************************** hernia 205 -Emia is the suffix for blood. A word blood expanding/dilation/dilatation we are all familiar with is leukemia, which is an abnormal amount of immature white blood cells. Hypoglycemia is a low amount of sugar in the __________. lu-ke'me-ah hi\"po-gli-se'me-ah ****************************************** 206 -Ectasis and -ectasia are suffixes meaning dilation, dilatation, or expansion. Angiectasis, then, is abnormal __________ of a blood vessel. an\"je-ek'tah-sis ****************************************** MD0010 4-6

207 The suffix for condition, formation of, or condition presence of is -iasis. Nephrolithiasis, inflammation therefore, is a __________ of stones in the kidney. softening nef\"ro-li-thi'ah-sis ****************************************** 208 The suffix for inflammation is -itis. Encephalitis, then, is __________ of the brain. en\"sef-ah-li'tis ****************************************** 209 The suffix for softening is -malacia. Therefore, chondromalacia is __________ of the cartilage. kon\"dro-mah-la'she-ah ****************************************** MD0010 4-7

210 The suffix for enlargement is enlargement -megaly. The stems for liver and hardening spleen, as you will recall, are hepato tumor and spleno. Hepatosplenomegaly, condition then, is __________ of the liver and spleen. hep\"ah-to-sple\"no-meg'ah-le ****************************************** 211 The suffix for hardening is -sclerosis. The stem for artery, as you will recall, is arterio. Arteriosclerosis, then, is __________ of the arteries. ar-te\"re-o-skle-ro'sis ****************************************** 212 The suffix for tumor is -oma; thus a lipoma is a fatty __________. li-po'mah ****************************************** 213 The suffix for condition or disease is - osis. Dermatophytosis, then, is a __________ of fungus of the skin. der\"mah-to-fi-to'sis ****************************************** MD0010 4-8

214 The suffix for disease is -pathy. Thus, neuropathy is a __________ of the nerves. nu-rop'ah-the ****************************************** disease 215 The suffix for prolapse or downward downward displacement displacement is ptosis. The stem for rupture eyelid, as you will recall, is blepharo. growth Therefore, a blepharoptosis is a __________ __________of the eyelid. blef\"ah-ro-to'sis ****************************************** 216 The suffix for rupture is -rrhexis. Cardiiiorrhexis, then, is a __________ of the heart. kar\"de-o-rek'sis ****************************************** 217 The suffix for growth or nourishment is - trophy. The medical term for excessive __________, then, is hypertrophy. hi-per'tro-fe ****************************************** MD0010 4-9

218 The suffix for fear is -phobia. Hydrophobia, then, is a __________ of water. hi\"dro-fo'be-ah ****************************************** fear 219 In review, give the meaning of each of hernia, protrusion, tumor (frame 204) the following diagnostic suffixes: in the blood (frame 205) a. -cele means: __________ dilation, dilatation, or expansion ****************************************** (frame 206) b. -emia means: __________ condition, formation of, presence of ****************************************** (frame 207) c. -ectasis means: __________ inflammation (frame 208) ****************************************** softening (frame 209) d. -iasis means: __________ enlargement (frame 210) ****************************************** e. -itis means: __________ ****************************************** f. -malacia means: __________ ****************************************** g. -megaly means: __________ ****************************************** MD0010 4-10

h. -sclerosis means: __________ hardening (frame 211) tumor (frame 212) ****************************************** i. -oma means: __________ condition (frame 213) disease (frame 214) ****************************************** prolapse/downward displacement j. -osis means: __________ (frame 215) ****************************************** rupture (frame 216) k. -pathy means: __________ growth/nourishment (frame 217) ****************************************** fear (frame 218) l. -ptosis means: __________ hernia (frame 204) ****************************************** m. -rrhexis means: __________ ****************************************** n. -trophy means: __________ ****************************************** o. -phobia means: __________ ****************************************** 220 To further review what you have learned, please write the correct word in each of the blanks in the following sentences. a. A gastrocele is a protrusion or __________ of the stomach. ****************************************** MD0010 4-11

b. Hypoglycemia is a low amount of blood (frame 205) sugar in the __________. dilation (frame 206) dilation (frame 206) ****************************************** inflammation (frame 208) c. Angiectasis is abnormal softening (frame 209) __________ of a blood vessel. enlargement (frame 210) hardening (frame 211) ****************************************** tumor (frame 212) d. Nephrolithiasis is a __________ of condition (frame 213) stones in the kidney. ****************************************** e. Encephalitis is __________ of the brain. ****************************************** f. Chondromalacia is __________ of the cartilage. ****************************************** g. Hepatosplenomegaly is the __________ of the liver and spleen. ****************************************** h. Arteriosclerosis is __________ of the arteries. ****************************************** i.A lipoma is a fatty __________. ****************************************** j. Dermatophytosis is a fungus __________ of the skin. ****************************************** MD0010 4-12

k. Neuropathy is a __________ of the disease (frame 214) nerves. downward displacement (frame 215) ****************************************** rupture (frame 216) l. Blepharoptosis is a __________ growth (frame 217) __________ of the eyelid. fear (frame 218) ****************************************** m. Cardiorrhexis is a __________ of the heart. ****************************************** n. Hypertrophy is the medical term for excessive __________. ****************************************** o. Hydrophobia is a __________ of water. ****************************************** If you missed any of the questions in frames 219 and 220, please review the appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 221. MD0010 4-13

Section IV. SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO OPERATIVE PROCEDURES Now let's look at the operative suffixes. ****************************************** 221 The suffix for removal or excision is -ectomy. The stem, salpingo, means tube, and the stem, oophoro, means ovary. A salpingo-oophorectomy, therefore, is the __________ or __________ of tubes and ovaries. sal-ping\"go-o\"of-o-rek'to-me removal/excision ****************************************** 222 The stem cholecysto, as you recall, means gallbladder. Removal or excision of the gallbladder, therefore, is called a __________. ko\"le-sis-tek'to-me cholecystectomy ****************************************** 223 The suffix for inspection or examination is -scopy. A bronchoscopy, then is an __________ of the bronchi. brong-kos'ko-pe inspection/examination ****************************************** MD0010 4-14

224 -stomy is the suffix meaning surgical artificial opening creation of an artificial opening. incision Therefore, a colostomy is an __________ into the colon. binding/fixation ko-los'to-me ****************************************** 225 -tomy is the suffix meaning incision or cutting into. A laparotomy, then, is an __________ in the abdominal wall. lap-ah-rot'o-me ****************************************** 226 The suffix for binding or fixation is -desis. Arthrodesis, then, is the medical term for surgical __________/__________ of a joint. ar\"thro-de'sis ****************************************** MD0010 4-15

227 The suffix for suspension or fixation is - suspension/fixation pexy. An orchiopexy is __________ plastic repair of an undescended testis. puncture or\"ke-o-pek'se ****************************************** 228 The suffix for plastic repair of is -plasty. Tympano, as you recall, is the stem for eardrum. Tympanoplasty, then, is the term for __________ __________ of the eardrum. tim\"pah-no-plas'te ****************************************** 229 The suffix -centesis means puncture. Arthrocentesis, therefore, means __________ of a joint for the removal of fluid. ar\"thro-sen-te'sis ****************************************** MD0010 4-16

230 The suffix for suture repair is -rrhaphy. Neurorraphy is the medical term for __________ __________ of the nerve. nu-ror'ah-fe suture repair ****************************************** removal/excision (frame 221) 231 In review, write the meaning of each of inspection/examination (frame 223) artificial opening into (frame 224) the following operative suffixes in the blank provided. incision/cutting (frame 225) a. -ectomy means: __________ binding/fixation (frame 226) ****************************************** suspension/fixation b. -scopy means: __________ (frame 227) ****************************************** plastic repair (frame 228) c. -stomy means: __________ ****************************************** d. -tomy means: __________ ****************************************** e. -desis means: __________ ****************************************** f. -pexy means: __________ ****************************************** g. -plasty means: __________ ****************************************** MD0010 4-17