Chapter 4

Chapter 4: Writing Technique with APA Citation Week 4

What is plagiarism? • Stealing one’s idea or words from one source without acknowledgment to the writer (Bailey, 2015) • Cutting and pasting from the original paper with no citation (Wellwork, 2013) • Duplicating someone's words and sentences from sources with no accrediting the author as a crime  Avoiding plagiarism is an important insight into your academic writing

How can you avoid plagiarism? Instructions: Consider the best ways to avoid plagiarism by using  mark. ________ 1. Use someone’s idea with no reference. ________ 2. Copy a few sentences from an online journal with no reference. ________ 3. Use quotation marks when taking a sentence from a journal article. ________ 4. Take your classmate essay paragraph with no reference. ________ 5. Present your findings without reference.

Ways to Avoid Plagiarism • You can do 1. quoting, 2. paraphrasing, and 3. summarizing the original.

How will you do quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?

When Using Quoting • A statement you copy and paste an author’s ideas from word by word to your work with quotation marks to introduce the author's position and support your claim as evidence. • Using quotes how those expressions are meaningful and powerful to your work (Bailey, 2015; Wellwork, 2013). • Also, when the ideas from original statements are well-known and conveyed in a particular way, including well-organized in sentence structure (Bailey, 2015).

Paraphrasing • The rephrased statement from the text you have read. • Language features and sentence structures from your restatement can be changed • The meaning in the content should express as similar to the sources. • It reveals how the depth of your insight into the sources you have read (Bailey, 2015).

Summarizing • A crucial skill in academic literacy • A writer will be allowed to create a concise statement from the lengthy source. • ONLY the main points is presented.

Short Quotations • Doing a direct quote represents the author's name, publication year, and the page number. Ö In the social and cultural context, the genre is defined as \"a set of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes\" (Swales, 1990, p. 58) in speech and writing. Ö As Kanoksilapatham (2012a) writes, “[l]ack of knowledge of a genre can hinder an individual’s effective participation in that community…” (p. 295) Ö Kanoksilapatham (2012a) reported that an example from an excerpt of an Engineering RAI demonstrates \"[t]he purpose of this paper…, [t]he objective of this study…”(p. 302).

Long Quotations • More 40 words are stated in a free-standing block typewritten lines without quotation marks. • Should be placed on a new line and indented 0.5 inches from the left and right margins with double space through the statement. • The parenthetical citation has to place after the closing quotation mark.

The excerpt from …As explained by Swales and Feak (1994): [W]e have encouraged users of [Academic Writing for Graduate Students] AWG [text book] to find out for themselves what the conventions of their fields are. For example, whether introductions to research papers should (or should not) include a summary of the principal results seems to vary among the disciplines; therefore, we ask users of the book to examine a small sample of introductions from their fields and report back. (p. 3) (Phichiensathien, 2017)

Accepting and Deciding to Cut and Paste for Academic Writing • Exercise I: Quotation • Instructions: Identify the words and phrases in bold you can cut and paste into your work without stating the sources. Numbers 1to 12 are placed in front of these statements.

Exercise II: Quotation • Instructions: Identify the statements in bold you can use into your work without stating the

Paraphrasing • The statement you express those ideas with your own words after reading the original text to convey the similar meaning of the original text and focus on the concept of the statement you read.

Paraphrasing

Changing vocabulary by using synonyms

Paraphrasing Table 1: Examples of academic vocabulary Common Synonyms (Academic Vocabulary) Vocabulary Idea Thought, Concept, Notion Get Acquire, Obtain, Secure, Procure, Gather Great Worthy, Distinguished, Grand, Considerable, Mighty Help Aid, Assist, Support, Encourage, Relieve Place Draw, Map, Diagram, Procedure, Method, Blueprint Show Display, Exhibit, Indicate, Reveal, Demonstrate

Changing word class or part of speech

Paraphrasing Table 2: Words changing part of speech V N Adj Adv Contribute Contribution Contributabl - Dominate Domination e Dominatingl Dominative y Examine Examiner - Explicit Explicitness Examinable Hypothesize Hypothesis Explicitly Initiate Explicit - Initiation - Initiatively Justify Justification Initial - Initiative -

Changing sentence structure

Changing voice form

Exercise III: Paraphrasing • Instructions: Paraphrase the excerpts below with your own words. The source is provided for your in-text citation and references.

Write your own version for excerpts 1-3 on padlet.

Summarizing • A method for reading-to-write strategy • Almost all of the novice researchers are required to engage their higher-order reading skills in main idea identification and emphasis on the original content (Johns, 1985). • Those students need to read the passages with staying focus on the main point and recapitulate to a short version with key ideas. • Sometimes, you may use paraphrasing skill for summary writing.

Exercise IV: Summary • Instructions: Summarize the excerpts 1-3 with your own words. The source is provided for your in-text citation and references.

Source: 2. Bogum Yoon, Authors: 1. Özge Yol, Article Title: Engaging English Language Learners with Critical Global Literacies during the Pull‐Out: Instructional Framework Journal Title: TESOL Journal Published Year: 2019 Page Number: 1 to 15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.470

Self-Study Assignment 1 • You will be assigned to use three technique with your own words to your writing tasks (e.g., annotated bibliography, 1st draft of literature review and introduction, etc.) to avoid plagiarism. DO NOT forget to accredit the author’s idea from the sources

The End