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HIRA NASEER 2020 JUNE TROPER LAUNNA P1: Explaining the key features of OOP M1: Explain the importance of encapsulation, polymorphism and inheritance on OOP

CONTENTS CONTENTS | 02 P1: Introduction : Explaining the 03 main Key features of OOP languages that can be usable with 04 C++ 04 05 Classes 05 Objects 05 Data Abstraction 06 Inheritance 06 Encapsulation 07 Message Passing Polymorphism 07 How you do OOP programming with C++ ? 08 M1: Importance of Encapsulation, 09 Polymorphism and Inheritance 10 within OOP Encapsulation Polymorphism Inheritance

P1: INTRODUCTION PAGE | 03 Why choose Object Oriented Programming language over Procedural Programming Language?

BASIC CONCEPTS OF OOP PAGE| 04

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How you do OOP programming with C++ ? M1: IMPORTANCE OF ENCAPSULATION, POLYMORPHISM AND INHERITANCE PAGE | 07

Encapsulation #include <iostream> This keyword means that they using namespace std; can be accessed only to the other members of this class, class Adder { and not by any other part of public: the program. This is one way encapsulation is achieved. // constructor Adder(int i = 0) { total = i; } // interface to outside world void addNum(int number) { total += number; } // interface to outside world int getTotal() { return total; }; private: // hidden data from outside world int total; }; int main() { Adder a; a.addNum(10); a.addNum(20); a.addNum(30); cout << \"Total \" << a.getTotal() <<endl; return 0; } When the code above is compiled and executed, it produces the following result: PAGE | 08 Total 60

On the right example \"add()\" is present in Addition class #include<iostream.> with the same name but with different signature or using namespace std; arguments. class Cal The Output of this is : 30 { public: 55 static int add(int a, int b) { Advantage of using Polymorphism : cout<<a+b; It is preferable to use polymorphism when referring to } something having many forms like those objects as well static int add(int a, int b, int c) as methods. Polymorphism allows us to code to an { interface that reduces coupling, increase re-usability, and return a+b+c; makes your code easier to read. } }; PAGE | 09 int main(void) { Cal C; cout<<C.add (10, 20)<<endI; cout<<C.add(12,20,23) ; return 0; }

Inheritance Here take the example of a base class Shape and its derived Rectangle as follows - When the code is compiled and executed, it produces the following output that is : PAGE | 10