Digital Book class-6 2nd edition With Coding

["Computer Software CHAPTER 4 Learn and Act... Rabi\t: \tIt's magic ! We people can do only one task at a time, but computer can do multiple works. How is it possible, Ma'am ? Teacher\t: \tWell ! Computer uses software, due to which it is possible. Rabi \t : \tCould you share more information about the software, Ma'am? Teacher \t: \tSoftware is a program which includes set of instructions. What computer has to do, when to do and where to do, all the instructions are set in the program. When we run the program, then computer works according to our set of instructions. We can make different types of software in order to make computer work. Let's discuss in detail. INTRODUCTION OF SOFTWARE Computer software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem. We can compare the software with our soul because it brings life to the computer. Without software computer machine is just like a dead body, which can not perform any activities. Common types of software are: \t\t 1. System Software\t\t 2. Application Software Smart Computer Science Book-6 45","System Software The system software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer. System software is generally prepared by computer manufactures. The programs of these software are written in low- level language. So, such software can interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between hardware and the end users. Some examples of system software are: Operating System (MS-DOS, Windows, MacOS, LINUX, Android), Programming Language and Language Translators (Compilers, Interpreter, Assemblers) and Utility Software( Antivirus Software, Disk Clean up software). System software is classified into three types: (i) Operating system (ii) Language & translators and (iii) Utility Soft- ware. Application software Application software is designed to fulfill a particular need of a particular environment. So, it can be defined as \\\"The software which is designed to perform a specific task is called application software. Such as word processing, graphic designing, movie editing, web designing, electricity bill, telephone bill preparing software, etc.\\\" The application software is also classified into two categories: \t (i) Packaged Software \t and (ii) Tailored software. 46 Computer Software","Utility Software Utility software performs day to day tasks, related to the maintenance of the computer system. It is used to support, improve, expand and secure existing programs and data in the computer system. Certain utility software comes along with the operating system. Some utility software are available for free as per requirement, some of the utilities are to be purchased from market. Some of the tasks commonly performed by utilities software include formatting of hard disks, pen drive, taking backup of files, data recovery, virus protection, etc. Points to Know \u2022\t Computer Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well- defined function. \u2022\t A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem. \u2022\t We can compare the software with our soul because it brings life to the computer. \u2022\t The system software is collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. \u2022\t Generally system software is written in low-level language. So, such software can interact with the hardware at a very basic level. \u2022\t System software serves as the interface between hardware and the end users. \u2022\t Application software are designed to full fill a particular need of a particular environment. \u2022\t Utility software performs day to day tasks related to the maintenance of the computer system. Smart Computer Science Book-6 47","Terms to Know Program \t : \t Set of instructions enabling a computer to solve a problem Software \t : \t Set of computer programs Operating System \t : \t A software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software Language translator \t : \t A computer program that acts as a translator between our language and computer language 0 and 1 Package software \t : \t Software that is designed to meet the requirements of generalized user Tailored Software\t : \t Application software designed to meet the requirement of specific user Formatting Disk \t : \t The process of preparing a data storage device such as a hard disk Computer virus \t : \t Computer program design to destruct the computer Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. \t\t Software brings ......................................... to the computer. b. \t\t Programs of system software are written in ................................language. c. \t\t System software are generally prepared by computer........................................ d. \t\t System software serves as the ................................. between hardware and \t \t end user. e. \t\t ......................... are designed to fulfill a particular need of a particular environment. f. \t ............................... performs day to day tasks related to the maintenance of the computer system. 48 Computer Software","2. State whether the following statements are true or false: a. \tSoftware is the soul of computer. b. \tAndroid is an operating system software. c. \tGraphic design software is a system software. d. \tSoftware is a set of programs. e. \tApplication software is designed to operate, control and expand the processing capabilities. 3. Match the following: Group A\t\t\t\t\t\tGroup B a. \tCompiler\t\t\t\t\tApplication software b. \tMS-DOS\t\t\t\t\tUtility Software c. \tWord processing software\t\t\t System Software d. \tVirus protection software\t\t\t Operating system software Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What is software? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. What is computer program? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 49","..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. Why is software called the soul of the computer? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. Why is system software designed? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... e. Which type of software interact with the hardware from basic level? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... f. Why is utility software designed? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 50 Computer Software","Case Study and Application-based Questions 1. Mandakini is feeling that her computer is getting slower and performance is being poor day to day. In this case how would she solve this problem? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 2. \tRabina Tandukar has purchased a computer for home use. Specially, which types of software would she install to work? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 3. \tShanta Ram Chaudhary is going to purchase a computer for his office. a. \t Which type of software should he install to startup and operate the computer? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... b. \tThe computer will be used for sales billing of his company, which type of software should be installed by Shanta Ram for this purpose? Mention your appropriate logic. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... c. \t He is also interested to use this computer for typing general official document, web design and some graphics design, Which type of software should Santa Ram install for this case? Mention your logic. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 51","d. \t Sometimes maintenance is needed for the computer to keep the function up to date. In this case which type of software should be used by Shanta Ram? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... Activity Presentation 1. \tPresent a chart paper Types of presentation in the class Software room about 'Types of Software'. System Application Utility Software Software Software 2. \t Organize interclass debate competition in the school with the help of your IT club, on the topic \\\"Computer Software is more important than Computer hardware.\\\" Project Work News Board 1. \tWrite an article for your school's news bulletin on the topic 'Software is the soul of Computer'. 52 Computer Software","Lab Activity 1. \tVisit your Computer lab and list out name of software, their types and developer company, which are used in your computer lab. Sn Name of software Type Developer Company Smart Computer Science Book-6 53","ICT & Cyber Law CHAPTER 5 Learn and Act.. Niru\t: \tWe may be punished if we misuse the computer. Let's see, Ma'am is writing Virus! It's very dangerous! Teacher\t: \tOf course, lots of crimes and ethical issues may come in the use of ICT. So, to control such matters, there is provision of law called cyber law. Niru \t : \tMa'am, tell us about virus. Teacher\t: \tIt is a computer program that is very harmful for computers. It may cause the computer to slow down, stop working, malfunctioning, etc. Even computer software may crash. INTRODUCTION OF ICT ICT Stands for \\\"Information and Communication Technology.\\\" It is a combination of communication technologies which provides easy environment to access information through out the world. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on communication technologies. This includes the 54 ICT & Cyber Law","Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, radio, TV (Television), and other communication mediums. Using the ICT, people can communicate in real-time with others in different places such as instant messaging, telecommunication, video -conferences, etc. Social networking web sites like Facebook and Twitter allow users to remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis from all over the world. Modern information and communication technology has transformed this world into a \\\"Global village\\\", hence people can communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. APPLICATION FIELDS OF ICT ICT in Education: Nowadays ICT is being used in education sector. Using internet, we can search a lot of study material. A lot of educational material can be posted in the world Wide Web (WWW) which we can easily access and study. By watching online television and reading e-news bulletin, we can also extend our knowledge. In the school and colleges, teachers can use ICT to teach ICT tools such as computer, multimedia projector, audio video system, etc. In this way, ICT has introduced the easiest way of teaching & learning for both students and teachers. ICT in business: Using ICT we can run the business by sitting in our own home. Using e-commerce, we can sell and buy products through the internet and computer. We can promote and advertise the product and service worldwide using the ICT. Smart Computer Science Book-6 55","ICT in Banking: ICT is making the banking system very easy. We can withdraw money at any time using ATM (Automatic Teller Machine). Using the modern ICT technology, banks are offering very fast and instant service such as SMS (Short Message Service) and mobile banking, online transaction system, online bank account opening and propose loan application, online transaction report, etc. ICT in communication: Using the ICT, now- adays communication has been very easy, with a single click we can send and receive our e-mail. We can perform online chatting and video conference, online messaging, video and audio telephony, etc. around the world. ICT in crime : ICT has introduced a lot of things which prevent people from committing crime. CCTV camera, GPRS (General Packet Radio Service System), using database for finding criminals' information are some unique things which can not be possible without the blessings of ICT. The police use GPRS to track someone's car,mobile phone, if it is stolen. Police men use CCTV camera to detect criminals' face. Fingerprint is another special method by which the police can identify the thieves. 56 ICT & Cyber Law","CYBER LAW Cyber law is a part of the overall legal provision that deals with the Internet, cyberspace, telecommunication, and their respective legal issues. Cyber law covers a fairly broad area, encompassing several subtopics including freedom of expression, access and usage of the internet, and online privacy. So, cyber law has been referred to as the Law of the Internet or WWW (World Wide Web). The cyber space or WWW (World Wide Web) is controlled by a system of rules and regulation under a cyber law. Cyber law includes a wide variety of legal issues related with the use of communication technology, such as the use of internet as well as any other form of computer, digital processing and related devices. The major components included in the cyber law are: \u2022\t Electronic and Digital Signature Law \u2022\t Computer Crime\/Cyber Crime Law \u2022\t Intellectual Property Law \u2022\t Data Protection and Privacy Law \u2022\t Telecommunication Law Computer ethics Computer ethics deal with the procedures, values and practices that govern the process of using computing technology and its related disciplines without damaging or violating the moral values and beliefs of any individual, organization or entity. Computer ethics include: \u2022\t You should not search the file or record of other people. \u2022\t You should not destroy, steal and use the computer password of other people. \u2022\t You should not steal, destroy, and use the digital signature. \u2022\t You should not destroy, erase or edit the personal or public records. \u2022\t You should not disclose the secrecy of computer. \u2022\t You should not spread false and illegal information. Smart Computer Science Book-6 57","\u2022\t You should not copy or use software for which you have not paid. \u2022\t You should not use a computer to steal. \u2022\t You should not use other people's computer resources without authorization or proper compensation. COMPUTER VIRUS Computer virus is a computer program. It is not a living organism. It is developed with the intention of destroying, damaging, deleting the data and programs residing in the computer system and crash the storage device. So, when computer is infected by virus, it interferes in the normal functioning of the computer. It replicates itself by making own copies of itself without the user\u2019s knowledge. How does computer virus infect your computer? A virus is usually passed through infected files of a disk and the internet. Some viruses are only transferred, if you boot your computer with an infected disk. Others can infect your system when you copy a file from an infected disk. Viruses can be passed when you download a file from the Internet or access data or programs on a network. Symptoms of Computer Virus \u2022\t Programs take a long time to load. \u2022\t Change dates against the filenames in the directory. \u2022\t Disk is suddenly accessed without a logical reason. \u2022\t Increased use of disk space and growth in file size. \u2022\t Computer system does not work according to the instructions. \u2022\t Renaming all the files with different names. \u2022\t Corrupting the system\u2019s data. \u2022\t Often occur malfunctioning. 58 ICT & Cyber Law","Safe Computing \u2022\t Scan the mail or unknown files of internet before opening in your computer. \u2022\t Use a good anti-virus program to scan computer disk. \u2022\t Do not install-pirated software, especially computer games. \u2022\t Do not interchange the internal disks among the computers. \u2022\t Do not use the free distributed software. \u2022\t Scan the disks frequently and take out the virus infected programs and files. Points to Know \u2022\t ICT is such a type of technology that provides easy environment to access information through telecommunication. \u2022\t Using the ICT, people can communicate in real-time with others in different places such as instant messaging, telecommunication, video-conferencing, etc. \u2022\t ICT is being used in almost every part of our life such as education, business, bank, communication, crime, heath, science, etc. \u2022\t The Cyberspace is governed by a system of rules and regulation called Cyber Law. \u2022\t Cyber law includes a wide variety of legal issues related to the use of communication technology. \u2022\t Computer ethics refers common moral sense that gives awareness to the user regarding the immoral behavior and activities in the computing field. \u2022\t Computer virus is a computer program. It is not a living organism. \u2022\t Computer virus is developed with the intention of destroying, damaging, deleting the data and programs residing in the computer system and crash the storage device. \u2022\t A virus is usually passed through infected files of a disk and the internet. \u2022\t Police uses GPRS to track someone's car,mobile phone, etc. if it is stolen. \u2022\t Using the modern ICT technology, banks are offering very fast and instant service. \u2022\t Using e-commerce, we can sell and buy products through out the internet. Using internet we can search a lot of study material. A lot of education material can be posted in the world Wide Web (WWW) which we can easily access and study. Smart Computer Science Book-6 59","Terms to Know Communication \t : \tSending and receiving messages, orders, request, etc. Computer network \t : \tInterconnection of two or more computers with each other Wireless device \t : \tDevice can transmit signals using an internal radio Communication medium\t: \tMedium used to transmit data from one device to another Video conferences\t : \tVideo communication in long distance E-Commerce \t : \tBusiness performed using internet SMS \t : \tSending short text messages in the form of electronic version Online \t : \tConnected by computer to one or more other computers or networks or the Internet Boot \t : \tLoading the operating system in the computer Directory \t : \tAn organizing unit in a computer's file system for storing and locating files also called folder Pirated software \t : \tUnauthorized copied software Cyberspace\t: \tUniverse of computer network as internet e-mail\t : \tSending messages through links between computers or terminals using dedicated software Web site\t : \tA connected group of electronic pages on the World Wide Web or internet Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. ICT is similar to ................................... technology. b. Using ICT, people can communicate in ....................... with others. c. ICT has created ..................... ................. to this world. d. Cyber space is .................................. by a system rules and regulation. e. Cyber Law includes .............................. issues related to the use of communica- tion technology. 60 ICT & Cyber Law","f. Computer virus interferes in the normal ............................. of the computer. 2. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements: a. Using ICT, people can not communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. b. \tBy watching TV and reading newspaper we can extend our knowledge. c. \tTeachers and students should be away from the ICT. d. \tICT plays important role in controlling the crime. e. \tComputer ethics deals with the norms in the use of ICT. f. \t Computer virus is a living organism. 3. Write the full forms of: a. ICT.......................................................\tb. WWW............................................ c. CCTV .................................................\td. IT ..................................................... e. SMS ...................................................\tf. GPRS............................................... 4. Match the following: Group-A\t\t\t\t\tGroup-B a. ICT \t\t\t\t\tComputer program b. Cyber Law \t\t\t\t Give awareness to the user c. Computer Virus \t\t\t\t Focus communication technology d. Computer ethics \t\t\t Rules regarding cyber space. Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. What do you mean by ICT? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ .................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 61","..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. What can you do using ICT? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. Write the major application fields of ICT. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. What is cyber law? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. What does cyber law include? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ 62 ICT & Cyber Law","..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... f. What do you mean by computer ethics? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... g. What is computer virus? Why is computer virus developed? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... h. Write any three symptoms of computer virus. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... i. Write any three methods for safe computing. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 63","Case Study and Application-based Questions: 1. \tRam Lal Chaudhary's computer suddenly malfunctioned, renaming files, corrupting data and increasing disk space. a. \t What is the problem of Ram Lal's computer? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. \t How can this problem be solved by Ram Lal? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. \t How could have Ram Lal prevented facing this problem? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 2. \tSonika Rapal is asking her friend Monika Darji to guess the password of her friend's to post the unnecessary false information: a. \t Are they going to do ethical work? State your logic. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... b. \t Which law is associated with this case? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 64 ICT & Cyber Law","3. \tRaj Bihari Lal Agrawal is a business man. His business offices are almost in all the major cities of the country. His intent is to control all the offices from the head office: a. \t Which technology should Raj Bihari Lal use? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. \t How is it possible for him to conduct the meeting with all the branch Managers from the central office. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. \t Is it possible to know the banking transaction of all the branch offices by staying in head office? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... d.\t Raj Bihari wants to watch the live activities of all the branch offices, What would you suggest him for this case? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 4. \tLaddu Gopal is going to celebrate his birthday party. He is interested to invite all the relatives and friends: a. \t Which technology is effective in this case for him? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 65","..................................................................................................................................... b. \t He is willing to make a live broadcast of his celebration for them who reside in abroad. How will Laddu Gopal make this activity possible? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 5. \tRam Pirit Paswan is a mathematics teacher: a. \t Which technique and tools should he use to get the teaching learning materials? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. \t He asked you suggestion to make ICT based class. What would you suggest him so that he could make fully furnished ICT based class? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 66 ICT & Cyber Law","Activity 2. \tOrganize group discussion on the following topics: a. \tAwareness of using ICT b. \tIllegal issues in the ICT c. \tICT crime and punishment d. \tSecurity issues of ICT . e. \tChallenges of spreading computer virus, symptoms of virus attack and safe computing. 3. \tOrganize intra class speech competition in the class room. The topic is \\\"ICT is making our life style easier and more efficient.\\\" To prove this statement share idea, logic and view. The subject to the matter must include. a. \tBackground of ICT Development and infrastructure of ICT. b. \tMajor application field of ICT. c. \tHow are we influenced by ICT day to day. d. \tAdvantages and disadvantages, and conclusion. Smart Computer Science Book-6 67","Lab Activity 1. \tVisit your school's Computer lab, and do the following activities: a. \t List out the equipments that are used in your computer lab to make the ICT based class. Sn Name of Equipments Project Work News Board 1. \tWrite an article for your school's news bulletin on the topic ' ICT is being a part of our life..' 68 ICT & Cyber Law","Internet & Browsing CHAPTER 6 Learn and Act.. Niru\t: \tOh my God ! I have to complete a project work. Yet, I'm not getting sufficient information ! So, I might have to purchase a lot of books. Teacher\t: \tOh ! This is the age of IT (Information Technology). To get the information, you have to use IT instead of purchasing books. It is cheaper, reliable and efficient. Niru\t: \tThank you Ma'am for good suggestion. Please share your idea to use IT. Teacher \t: \tOf course ! Connect internet, browse it and start to search information that you need using search engine. Now you can get lots of information. In addition to searching information, you can also connect to a lot of people online and ask and share information by just clicking the mouse.\t INTRODUCTION 69 Internet is one of the largest networks that links millions or trillions of computers all over the world. It is also called the NET. It can pass information to each other within a fraction of a second. Millions of people throughout the world use the Internet to share information and ideas on any topic. Using the internet, you can talk and send Smart Computer Science Book-6","messages to any person of anywhere in the world. But you must have access to internet service. Advantages of Internet The common advantages of internet are: a. We can access long distance data very fast. b. It offers very low cost of communication.\t e. It is interactive. c. It provides huge amount of information. d. Free software can be downloaded from the different sites of the internet. REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERNET CONNECTION To connect the internet in your PC (Personal computer), you need different types of equipment: Computer System: To connect to the internet, a more powerful computer such as Pentium-IV or higher is required. The fast and powerful computer can make fast connectivity with the Internet. Modem: Modem stands for Modulator Demodulator. A modem is a peripheral device that allows us to connect and communicate between computer and Internet. There are two types of Modems: i) Internal Modem \t\t and ii) External Modem Internal modems are fixed inside a computer motherboard whereas external modems are placed outside the computer. The speeds of the Modems are measured in bps (bits per second). Communication channel: Communication channel is a connection medium between transmitter and receiver through which data can be transmitted. A telephone line, radio waves, cables, etc. are example of communication channel. 70 Internet & Browsing","ISP: ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It is a company which pro- vides the connection and access authority service of Internet. Some of the popular ISP in Nepal are: a. Broadlink\t b. Vianet c. Classic Tech d. SUBISU f. WORLDLINK \t Browser : Browser is a program that lets us to access the www (world wide web) and find information from the internet. Internet explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera are popular browsers. Trick & TIPS NCSA Mosaic was the first graphical web browser, developed by National Center for Super Computing Application, University of Illinois, USA , in early 1990's. TERMS OF INTERNET WWW (World Wide Web) World Wide Web is a collection of pages on the Internet which displays a variety of information such as text, graphics, sounds, animation that can be accessed by people all over the world. Web Page A web page is a document formatted with a special language called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). A web page may consist of text, graphics, sounds, animated pictures, hyper link etc. The information of the web page may be displayed on the user\u2019s computer using the browser. Website A website is a collection of web pages, linked together through hyper links. It is similar to a magazine. As you can flip through the pages of a magazine, you can move from one page to another on a website using the hyper links. Moving from one website to another is called Net surfing. Smart Computer Science Book-6 71","Web server A Web server is a system that delivers content or services to end users over the Internet. A Web server consists of a physical server computer, server operating system (OS) and software used to facilitate communication. A Web server is also known as an Internet server. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) URL is the address or location of a document on the Internet. You can instantly display a web page if you know its URL. A web page URL starts with http (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) and contains the computer name, directory name and name of the web page. URLs of some websites are : http\/www.nepalnews.com\t http\/www.lunar.com\t\t http\/www.abcnews.com\thttp\/www.bbcworldsevice.com Home Page The starting page of a website is called the home page. It is similar to a book cover or a table of con- tents for Website. It pro- vides information about the site\u2019s purpose and content. It contains intro- ductory information about the website that has been accessed, together with 72 Internet & Browsing","links to the actual details of services or information. Hyper Links Hyper Links is simply known as links which are highlighted text or images on the web pages. Hyper links jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. With the use of hyper-links we can easily move through a vast amount of information by jumping from one web page to another. Hyper-links appear underlined and colored on the web page, so they can be easily identified. When you move the cursor over a hyperlink, whether it is text or an image, the arrow should change to a small hand pointing at the link. Browsing the Internet Browsing the internet refers to access the internet in computer and get the information as we like. It is done by using the browser software such as internet explorer, Google Chrome, etc. To browse the internet do the following: Steps to Follow: Step-1\t: Connect your computer to the internet through the communication channel. Step-2 :\t Double click on browser. Step-3\t:\t Type the URL address. Search Engines A search engine is a web based software program that you can use to find Websites, web pages and internet files. Smart Computer Science Book-6 73","Search engines are particularly helpful for locating web pages on certain topics or locating specific pages, if you do not know the exact URL. To find a page or pages, you enter a word or phrases, called search text or keywords, in the search engine\u2019s text box. Some of the popular search engines are: \thttp\/www.khoj.com\t http\/www.google.com \thttp\/www.infoseek.com\t http\/www.altavista.com Searching Information If you have to search any information in the internet, you have to follow the following steps: Steps to Follow: Step-1\t: \tBrowse your Internet by double clicking the browser. Step-2\t: \t Type the url name of your search engine (For example: www.google.com) Step-3 : Now, type the searching keyword on the search box of Search engine. Step-4\t : Now, you get the list of related links. Step-5 :\t Find your best link, and click it, then open the website of the link, where you get the information that you want. Tricks & TIPS Search words should be very specific and should match exactly what you are looking for, otherwise you will get a lot of unnecessary page links that may cause waste of time. 74 Internet & Browsing","E-mail Electronic Mail is the most common service available on the Internet. Using E-mail, you can send mail to any part of the world in the form of electronic documents. The e-mail documents can include text as well as graphics, audio, video, etc. Users can send unlimited numbers of free e-mail messages to millions of people around the world so that E-mail is very popular among the internet users. E-mail is a great way to connect to friends and relatives staying in any part of the world. Similarity between E-mail and Postal-mail service E-mail is similar to Postal-mail in the following ways: \u2022\t Both E-mail and Postal-mail are forwarded to a mailing address. \u2022\t Sender does not know when e-mail and Postal-mail will be read by \t\t receiver. \u2022\t Both mails come back when they are not received. \u2022\t Both mails can be read by unauthorized persons. \u2022\t Mailing list subscription can be provided to both e-mail and postal mail. Differences between E-mail and Postal-mail service E-mail Postal mail a. It is delivered within few minutes. a. It may take days, weeks, or even months to reach to the destination. b. Its service is free of cost. b. Postal-mail requires service charge as well postal stamp. c. E-mail can be received by any c. Postal mail can be received only from the computer in the world having delivered address. Internet connection. Smart Computer Science Book-6 75","Creating G-mail Account Gmail account is a free Google Account with an email address that ends in @gmail.com. From the gmail mailbox, user can also access Google Docs, Google Calendar and Google Sites. The account also allows users to instantly login to the dozens of other Google applications like Picasa, Blogger and Maps. To create a gmail account, follow the following steps: Step-1 : Open the Internet browser (Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, etc) Step-2\t: You\u2019ll now be in the \u2018Sign in\u2019 section. As you don\u2019t have a Google account yet, you need to create one. Click Create an account. Step 3\t : \t Set-up : To set up your new account, Google needs some in- formation about you \u2013 first, your first and last names. Then \u2018choose your user name\u2019 is the unique email address that you wish to use, which will be placed before \u2018@gmail\u2019. Step 4\t : \t Verification : To get to the next step you will need to accept Google's privacy and terms first, once you have read, click the I Agree button. Step 5\t : \t Google mail dashboard : You will be automatically redirected to gmail's dashboard and once you have read all of the information your gmail is now ready to use. Step 6\t : \t Creating a profile picture : You will now have set up your account. You can go straight to your inbox and get started, or you can set up a photo to show as your profile picture. To set up your profile picture, click on the profile icon on the top right hand corner of the page and click Change. Step 7\t : \t Completing your setup : You can complete your Google mail setup by clicking the available resources on the dashboard. 76 Internet & Browsing","Points to Know \u2022\t Internet is one of the largest network that links millions or trillions of computers all over the world. \u2022\t Requirement for internet connection are Computer system, Modem, Communication channel, ISP and browser. \u2022\t World Wide Web is a collection of pages on the internet which displays a variety of information such as text, graphics, sounds, animation,etc. \u2022\t A web page is a document formatted with a special language called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). \u2022\t A website is a collection of web pages, linked together through hyper links. It is similar to a magazine. \u2022\t A Web server is a system that delivers content or services to end users over the Internet. \u2022\t URL is the address or location of a document on the Internet. \u2022\t The starting page of a browser is called the home page. It is similar to a book cover or a table of contents for Website. \u2022\t Hyper- links connect to other pages, section or new document on the web. \u2022\t Browsing the internet refers to access the internet in computer and get the information as we like. \u2022\t A search engine is a web based software program that you can use to find Websites, web pages and internet files. \u2022\t Electronic Mail is the service available on the Internet. Using E-mail, you can send mail to any part of the world in the form of electronic documents. Points to Know NET \t : \t Network (Commonly called Internet) Radio waves \t : \t longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum HTML \t : \t Standard markup language used to create web pages Net Surfing \t : \t Doing activities using internet Web base \t : \t Any software that runs in a web browser Postal mail \t : \t Mail is sent through the post office Smart Computer Science Book-6 77","Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. \tInternet is also called the................................ b. ......................... can be download from the different sites of the internet. c. ...................... channel is a connection medium between transmitter and receiv- er. d. \tISP provides ...................... and ............................ to the internet. e. ............................ is a program that lets us find information from internet. f. .................................... is a collection of web pages on the internet. g. \tA search engine is a ............................ based software program. h. \tURL starts with ........................... 2. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statement: a. \tA web page is a document formatted with language called HTML. b. \tThe information of the web page is displayed without browser. c. \tWeb server is a system that delivers content or services to end users over the internet. d. \tWeb site is the address or location of a document on the internet. e. \tThe end page of a websites is called the home page. f. \t Hyper links connect to other pages on the web. g. \tBrowsing the internet refers to access the internet. h. \tE-mail is a service of the internet. 78 Internet & Browsing","3. Write the full forms: NET........................................................\tMODEM....................................................... PC .........................................................\tWWW.......................................................... ISP ........................................................\tHTML.......................................................... E-mail ...................................................\t URL............................................................ 4. Match the following: Group 'A'\t\t\t\t\t\tGroup 'B' a. \tInternet \t\t\t\t Internet service provider b. \tRadio wave \t\t\t\t Largest network c. \tISP \t \t\t\t Communication channel d. \tBrowser\t\t\t\t First page of web site e. \tURL \t \t\t\t Highlight text or images f. \tHome page \t \t\t\t Computer Program g. \tHyper-Link \t \t\t\t Address or location Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. \tWhat is internet? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... b. \tWhat can you do using internet? Smart Computer Science Book-6 79","Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... c. Write three advantages of internet. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. \tWrite the basic requirements of internet connection. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... e. \tWhat is modem? What is its function? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... f. \t What is the role of ISP? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 80 Internet & Browsing",".................................................................................................................................... g. What is web server? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... h. What are the contents of the home page of web site? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... i. What is the function of hyper links? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... j. What do you mean by browsing the internet? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... k. What can you do using search engine? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 81","..................................................................................................................................... l. Why do you use e-mail? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... m. Write three similarities between e-mail and postal service. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... n. \tWrite some differences between e-mail and postal service. E-mail Postal Service 82 Internet & Browsing","Case study and Application-based Questions 1. \tMishri Lal Yadab has connected internet in his computer. But he could not access the internet. What would you suggest him to access the internet? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 2. \tShivani Chaudhary has to complete her project work. So, she has studied a lot of books, news paper and magazine but she could not get sufficient information for the project work. What would you suggest her to get sufficient information? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 3. \tOn the basis of given pictures, answer the asked questions: a. Write the name of these Logos. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ b. What do these two logos represent? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... 4. \tSatyam has celebrated his 12th birthday. He is interested to send some video clips and photos of his birthday celebration instantly to his relatives Smart Computer Science Book-6 83","who stay in the USA and London. What would he do for this case? Mention your logic. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 5. Sumitra Chamling has opened the given page of a website. Let's see the page, and answer the given questions: a. How many links are there in the page? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... b. \t If you click in any link, what would happen? Ans: ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... 84 Internet & Browsing","Lab Activity 1. Suppose you are planning to visit Pokhara and Kathmandu with your parents in this summer vacation so that search the following information: \u2022\t Tourist places of Pokhara \u2022\t Hotel booking in pokhara \u2022\t Pilgrimages in Pokhara \u2022\t Tourist places in Kathmandu \u2022\t Pilgrimages in Kathmandu \u2022\t Hotel booking in Kathamndu \u2022\t Search the information about Pashupatinath, Boudhanath and Swyambunath. 2. Your school is going to conduct an inter school essay writing completion on the topic 'Save the Environment' . Now, search the information related to this topic. 3. Visit your Computer Lab and create a 85 Google account then send us email at [email protected]. \t Write a request for accepting membership of the site at memeoricapublication.com to download the video and participate in the online exam. Smart Computer Science Book-6","Out-door Activity 1.\tOrganize a social awareness rally program with the slogan \\\"Safe internet browsing\\\" at your school locality with initiation of IT club of your school. The Program should include the following: a. \t Advantages and challenges of internet browsing. b. \t Possible criminal activities with internet technology. c. \tPossible precautions for safe internet browsing. Project Work 1. \tWrite an article for your school's news bulletin on the topic 'Connection and Browsing Procedure of Internet'. . 86 Internet & Browsing","Multimedia Technology CHAPTER 7 Learn and Act.. Teacher\t : Hey, guys! This is the fun time! Today, we are going to discuss about Multimedia. Niru\t: How is it fun ma'am? I have heard about Multimedia CD- ROM. Teacher\t :\tExactly ! Multimedia is fun for us by playing games, listening to music, watching movies and videos, etc. Niru\t : Wow, how interesting, ma'am ! Teacher\t:\tMultimedia is a technology with combination of text, graphics, sound, animation and video. Due to this, it makes computing fun. INTRODUCTION Multimedia is a form of communication that uses a combination of different content, such as text, audio, images, animations, or video into a single interactive presentation. Multimedia technology is also refers to interactive computer based applications that allow people to communicate and share ideas and information with digital audio and video elements. Nowadays, it is found in almost every fields such as Smart Computer Science Book-6 87","entertainment, education, business, communication, research, etc. The evolution of internet has also increased the demand for multimedia contents. MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER SYSTEM A multimedia computer system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media materials in digital form, such as audio, image, full-motion video, and text information. So, it needs different types of components to manipulate such data and information related to the multimedia application. Some of the common components are: a. Computer \t b. CD-ROM c. CD ROM drive \t d. Sound card e. Microphone \t f. Head phone g. Digital camera \t h. Projector i. Software (Windows Media Player, Adobe Illustrator, Macromedia Flash etc.) Each of these components has a specific function that helps to regulate the multimedia system similar like each organ of our body has a specific function that helps to regulate our body. COMPOSITION OF MULTIMEDIA Text Text is an important component used in multimedia applications. Text contains alphanumeric and some other special characters. They are used to create 88 Multimedia Technology","words, sentences and paragraphs to present the information. Text can be changed with graphic design technology. Such as it can be changed using different font style, size, color, special effects like shadow, stroke, etc. Text alone provides just one source of information in the multimedia technology. Graphics Graphics is a such technology which is used to generate, represent, process, manipulate, and display pictures. Generally graphics includes photographs, drawings, line art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Audio This technology records, synthesizes, and plays audio (sound). It is a meaningful speech in any language that can be made more interesting by adding special effects. It is the most important feature of multimedia to listen sound at real time. We can record the audio sound using microphone and modify using sound editing software then use it in multimedia technology to present the information to the audience. Multimedia adds more flavour to the information delivered to the audience. It is more interactive, effective in the comparison of text and graphics media because it gives the clear sound of the speaker. Video This technology records, arranges, and displays images in such a sequence that makes the real event. Real event video is captured and edited using video Smart Computer Science Book-6 89","editing software which presents the real action. Such as dancing, running, fighting, etc. Both sound and picture are used in this technology. It is most real time action presentation medium for the audience. It is more interactive, effective in the comparison of text, graphics and sound medium. When someone watches video presentation, it retains in his mind for long time. Animation Animation on computers is one of the chief ingredients of multimedia presentations. Computer animation is a modern technology, which helps for creating, developing, sequencing, and displaying a set of images. Sound can also be added with the animation to make it more interactive and effective. Animation gives visual effects or motion that makes a picture moving. Using animation, very complicated action can be explained clearly whose video recording is impossible, such as revolution of earth, germination of plant, blood circulation in the body, etc . Cartoons on television is one of the common examples of full animation. Applications of Multimedia Multimedia in business- Presentation,training, marketing, advertising, product demos, simulations, catalogue, messages, network communication, video conference. All these elements allow businesses to run smoothly and effectively using multimedia technology. 90 Multimedia Technology","Multimedia in schools: It switches the teaching process. The teacher will become a facilitator of learning, rather than the traditional role of provider of information and understanding. Multimedia at home: Multimedia can be used at home for several purposes, like complete assignment, get reference for work, entertainment such as watching movies and cartoons, playing games, etc. Multimedia in public places: in hotels, trains, malls, museums, multimedia is available as kiosk providing information and help to the people. Multimedia in Medicine: In Medicine, doctors can get trained by looking at a virtual surgery or they can simulate how the human body is affected by diseases spread by viruses and bacteria and then develop techniques to prevent it. Entertainment: In addition, multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry, especially to develop special effects in movies and animations. Smart Computer Science Book-6 91","Some video games also use multimedia features. Multimedia programs which allow users to actively participate instead of just sitting by as passive recipients of information are called Interactive Multimedia. Points to Know \u2022\t Multimedia technology refers to interactive, computer-based applications. \u2022\t Multimedia technology allows people to communicate and share ideas and information with digital and print elements. \u2022\t A multimedia computer system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media. \u2022\t Text, graphics, audio, video and animation are the five multimedia composition. \u2022\t Multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry especially to develop special ef- fects in movies and animations and also used in education for learning method. Terms to Know Multimedia \t : \t The integration of text, audio, sound, images and animation Video \t : \t Activities display on the screen in moving action Audio \t : \t A sound range the human ear is capable of hearing Animation \t : \t The moving graphic images and text Graphics \t : \t The display of still-frame pictures or photos on a computer screen Projector \t : \t An output device that can take images generated by a computer and reproduce them on a large, flat surface Kiosk\t : \t A public stand that supplies text, graphics, video, animation and sound information to the user 92 Multimedia Technology","Worksheet Objective Questions 1. Fill in the blanks: a. Multimedia technology refers to ............................... computer base application. b. Multimedia has become a necessary part of any............................................ c. The evolution of ............................................ has also increase the demand for multimedia contents. d. Multimedia means ...................................... forms of media. e. In the multimedia computer system one can edit media materials in ................. ........................forms. 2. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements. a. CD ROM is used to store multimedia programs. b. Multimedia allows us to communicate and share idea and information. c. Head phone is used in multimedia system. d. Multimedia is used in only private places. e. Multimedia is useless for doctors. f. Text is not included in multimedia. Descriptive Questions 1. Answer the following questions: a. \tWhat do you mean by multimedia? What does it include? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... Smart Computer Science Book-6 93","..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... b. Write the components of multimedia. Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... c. Why do you use multimedia in home? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... d. Why is multimedia used in entertainment industries? Ans: ............................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 94 Multimedia Technology"]