Washington University - Department of Surgery - Annual Report 2020

LEADERS in Pediatric Research Division Chief Brad Warner, MD, left, and Jesse Vrecenak, MD. Abetter understanding of what causes pediatric fetal cell and gene therapy to address diseases in diseases could help physicians treat and utero. Vrecenak’s lab has received funding from prevent these conditions in children. Pediatric the American Surgical Association, as well as a surgeons and scientists continue to lead Faculty Research Award. research in this area with funding in short bowel syndrome (SBS), fetal cell and gene therapy, and Pediatric researchers have also received a Hirschsprung’s disease research. Children’s Discovery Institute grant in partnership Division Chief and Jessie L. Ternberg, MD, PhD, with the laboratory of developmental biologist Distinguished Professor of Pediatric Surgery Samantha Morris, PhD. The research team is Brad Warner, MD, is coinvestigator on National examining ganglion cells from the colon wall. Institutes of Health-funded research on SBS, in People born without these ganglion cells, which partnership with Pathology and Immunology help the bowel to contract, have Hirschsprung’s researcher Gwendalyn Randolph, PhD. SBS is a disease, causing them to have difficulty with condition that can arise after intestinal resection. bowel movements. Researchers have collected The Warner laboratory is studying the effect of samples from regular colon walls and those SBS on transport of proteins from the intestine with Hirschsprung’s disease to understand the to liver. These proteins, normally transported differences in the cells. General surgery lab through lymphatics, are deposited directly into resident Paul Kepper, MD, is analyzing data from the liver through the portal vein in patients with these samples. SBS, which can cause liver disease. “We have identified significant liver injury “Why are there no associated with intestinal resection in our animal ganglion cells where model,” says Warner. Current research in the there should be?” Warner Warner lab seeks to more fully understand this asks. “Are the cells dying response and advance treatments, ultimately, out, or are they failing to to permit patients to achieve a more normal migrate where they are lifestyle. supposed to?” Pediatric surgeon Jesse Vrecenak, MD, has Ganglion cell established a research laboratory investigating photomicrograph. Ongoing research efforts in pediatric surgery aim to answer these and other important questions to improve the health of children and address congenital conditions. Department of Surgery 51

DIVISION OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY From left: Thomas Tung, MD, Amy Kells, MD, PhD, and Division Chief Justin Sacks, MD, MBA. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Plastic and reconstructive surgeons are experts in craniofacial, aesthetic, breast and general reconstructive, gender affirming, hand, limb preservation, lymphedema, nerve and pediatric plastic surgeries. The division is an international center for nerve injury and pioneer of peripheral nerve transfers and other innovative techniques. Faculty are leaders in basic, translational and clinical research, including clinical outcomes research and bench-to-bedside discoveries in nerve research and tissue engineering. A residency and fellowship offer comprehensive training, outstanding mentorship and exposure to advanced surgical technology. 4,035 4,960 27,976 visits operating room cases office procedures 16 faculty 105 $956,480 research funding clinical research studies 52 Washington University School of Medicine

Building on a Legacy From left: Justin Sacks, MD, MBA, Rachel Anolik, MD, Amy Kells, MD, PhD, and Dennis Nguyen, MD. Justin Sacks, MD, MBA, joins the department in ensuring that access to quality reconstructive as Shoenberg Professor and Division Chief of surgery is available to North St. Louis. She works Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Sacks comes to alongside Sacks and John Felder, MD, in collaboration Washington University from Johns Hopkins School with Acute and Critical Care Surgery (ACCS) and of Medicine, where he was Vice-Chair of Clinical Vascular Surgery to preserve the limbs of peripheral Operations and Director of Oncological Reconstruction. vascular disease patients, who might otherwise require amputation. Grant Bochiccio, MD, MPH, Chief of ACCS, With the introduction of new faculty and expansion of and John Kirby, MD, provide expertise in wound care, clinical programs, Sacks aims to build on the legacy of while Patrick Geraghty, MD, J. Westley Ohman, MD, and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. His Luis Sanchez, MD, Chief of Vascular Surgery, restore predecessor, Susan Mackinnon, MD, revolutionized circulation to targeted anatomy. This limb preservation the field of peripheral nerve transfer. Previous chiefs of program takes a truly coordinated approach rarely seen the division are among the founding figures of plastic in treating patients with debilitating conditions such as and reconstructive surgery. Sacks describes a plastic diabetic foot ulcers. surgeon’s role as providing the best possible head-to- Amy Kells, MD, PhD, who has extensive training in hand toe care to all patients in a multidisciplinary setting. To and microsurgery, is expanding access to extremity fulfill this role, the division is growing and offering new surgery in community practice at Barnes-Jewish St. opportunities for patient care. Peters Hospital and Alton Memorial Hospital. Kells brings expertise in clinical care and research on MRI The division has established a multidisciplinary neurography, a developing imaging modality for use lymphedema surgery program, amassing expertise from in a wide variety of clinical settings of nerve injury and radiology, physical/occupational therapy, lymphatic pathology. medicine, imaging, surgical oncology and plastic and Dennis Nguyen, MD, MS, who completed a plastic reconstructive surgery. Sacks and Rachel Anolik, MD, and reconstructive surgery residency at Washington who completed a plastic surgery residency at Duke University, brings his expertise in general adult and microvascular and reconstructive fellowship at craniofacial reconstruction. An additional program he is Memorial Sloan Kettering, helping develop is facial contouring procedures—part of provide comprehensive the division’s gender affirming surgery program, which care for lymphedema includes both top and bottom surgery. Partnership patients, from diagnosis between Alison Snyder-Warwick, MD, and urologic to advanced imaging and surgeon Gino Vricella, MD, expands gender affirming surgical treatment. surgery at Washington University to include female-to- male and male-to-female bottom surgery. Kelly Currie, MD, brings Kelly Currie, MD. The ongoing efforts of the division, as well as the expertise in hand, upper introduction of new faculty and clinical programs, extremity and limb reinforces the vision Sacks has for the future of plastic preservation surgery to and reconstructive surgery as a truly head-to-toe community practice at surgical specialty. Christian Hospital. Currie leads the charge Department of Surgery 53

HIGHLIGHTS from Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinical Kamlesh Patel, MD, MSc, left, and medical student Avira Som Kamlesh Patel, MD, MSc, director of craniofacial review data. surgery at St. Louis Children’s Hospital, has advanced to a new leadership role in the division. Patel, who completed the Washington University Master of Science in Clinical Investigation Program and Academic Medical Leadership Development Program for Physicians and Scientists, is now the Director of Clinical Operations in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Leading clinical operations means that Patel will work with division leadership to help optimize clinical outcomes, education and research across: Aesthetic, Breast, Adult Craniofacial, Pediatric Plastic, General Reconstructive, Hand, Limb Preservation, Lymphedema, Nerve and Transgender Surgery. Research Matthew Wood, PhD, investigates the role of T cells in nerve The Plastic Surgery Research Laboratories (PSRL) injury and regeneration. are a consortium of researchers with the common objective of investigating the pathology, mechanisms Marissa Tenenbaum, MD, left, and Alison Snyder-Warwick, MD. and treatments for problems facing plastic and reconstructive surgeons. PSRL research spans the division’s research programs: Aesthetic, Breast Reconstruction, Craniofacial, Nerve, Flap Physiology and Monitoring, Tissue Engineering, Wound Healing and Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. Surgeons, scientists, research fellows and medical students contribute to innovative research that embodies the head-to-toe nature of plastic and reconstructive surgery from bench to bedside. Matthew Wood, PhD, is Scientific Director of the PSRL and leads National Institutes of Health-funded peripheral nerve research. Education Originally introduced in 1920 by Vilray Blair, MD, the first Division Chief of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Washington University Plastic Surgery Residency celebrates 100 years of excellence in surgical training. Led by Program Director Marissa Tenenbaum, MD, the program provides cutting-edge head-to-toe surgical training in breast, craniofacial, pediatrics, head/neck trauma, hand, microsurgery, aesthetic and peripheral nerve surgery. This year, Alison Snyder- Warwick, MD, was named Associate Program Director. The program continues its legacy by training a diverse group of future leaders in plastic and reconstructive surgery. In its centennial year, 12 out of 19 plastic surgery residents are female. 54 Washington University School of Medicine

Inventing New Treatments From left: Mitchell Pet, MD, Division Chief Justin Sacks, MD, MBA, with resident, and Ida Fox, MD, performs surgery. Surgeons in the Division of Plastic and Fox is the principal investigator on a multi- Reconstructive Surgery are expanding their disciplinary, multi-institutional research project research into tissue engineering and biomedical studying natural recovery after cervical spinal cord innovation. The Plastic Surgery Research Laboratories injury (SCI) and surgical treatments to restore upper span the breadth of clinical, basic and translational extremity function. Fox’s research is rooted in the research, and faculty are developing new ventures practice of biopsychosocial medicine: treating the through collaboration with the Cortex Innovation whole person, not just the physical condition. She Community and Washington University Office of is developing decision aids to help people choose Technology Management. between tendon transfer and novel nerve transfer Justin Sacks, MD, MBA, the Chief of Plastic and surgery types after SCI injury. Reconstructive Surgery, and Mitchell Pet, MD, are working on inventing new devices that will help treat “Research in plastic and reconstructive diseases and pathophysiology in patients. Ida Fox, surgery allows us to take an idea and MD, is developing decision aids to guide patients transform it into something real, and use through their surgery and help them make informed this to improve the health of our patients.” decisions that fit their goals. Sacks has an accomplished history of tissue Justin Sacks, MD, MBA engineering. Prior to joining Washington University, he ran a research laboratory at Johns Hopkins School The division has a legacy of excellent peripheral of Medicine and co-founded a biotech company that nerve research. From this strong foundation, Sacks develops tissue scaffolding for use in restoring soft sees great opportunities for the future of plastic and tissue. Sacks continues research on ways to connect reconstructive surgery. blood vessels without sutures, and is in the process of “We are going to expand on what is already developing a device to reduce pressure sores through established and grow tissue engineering and a low-profile wireless sensor. biomedical innovation,” Sacks says. “Research in Pet is addressing the important issue of tissue plastic and reconstructive surgery allows us to take perfusion analysis as it applies to post-operative an idea and transform it into something real, and use free tissue transfer monitoring. In collaboration with this to improve the health of our patients.” neurosurgeon Matthew MacEwan, MD, PhD, and Northwestern University researcher John Rogers, PhD, Pet is developing novel advanced wireless biosensors suited for reliable, patient-centered, and non-invasive monitoring of blood flow and oxygen delivery in a wide variety of tissue types. Department of Surgery 55

DIVISION OF PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES From left: Adetunji Toriola, MD, PhD, Siobhan Sutcliffe, PhD, ScM, MHS, and Division Chief Graham Colditz, MD, DrPH. Division of Public Health Sciences The Division of Public Health Sciences provides a platform for investigators across disciplines to collaborate on projects affecting clinical care and outcomes. Faculty are epidemiologists, statisticians, behavioral scientists, economists, health communication scientists and more. The division leads in public health research, education and outreach, and plays major roles in cancer prevention, reducing community health disparities and improving health care quality and acces. The division offers a Master of Population Health Sciences (MPHS) degree program for training in population-based clinical outcomes research. 16 22 170 MPHS graduates MPHS students publications 110 $8,021,166 25 research funding clinical research studies faculty 56 Washington University School of Medicine

Mary Politi, PhD, second from right, teaches a class called Shared Decision-Making and Health Literacy in the Clinical Setting. The Cost of Cancer Care Financial toxicity and out-of-pocket costs create The Improving Cancer Patients’ Insurance Choices a major economic burden for cancer patients. (I Can PIC) decision aid provides health insurance This economic burden can cause an impact on information using plain language, graphics and the patient’s care, with some patients rationing examples from survivors of how they think about medication and delaying or avoiding needed care health insurance decisions. I Can PIC, which because of costs. Professor of Surgery Mary Politi, also tailors relevant information based upon PhD, is leading research on the impact of financial individuals’ health conditions and cancer types, toxicity among breast cancer patients. was tested in a randomized trial of cancer patients. Politi and a team of researchers are among the The trial compared I Can PIC to a control health first to study self-reported financial toxicity and insurance worksheet. out of pocket expenses among adult women with “Making insurance decisions is so complicated,” breast cancer. Politi’s research has found that Politi says, “even for people who make them each young, non-white and lower socioeconomic status year.” women report higher financial toxicity up to one I Can PIC helps patients make these decisions by year after breast cancer surgery. These findings providing personalized cost estimates of annual highlight the importance of addressing patients’ health care expenses across plan types, offering financial toxicity in several ways, particularly for support in discussing cost with clinicians and groups vulnerable to its effects. providing a list of financial and emotional support The rising cost of cancer care also poses resources for those affected by cancer. challenges for patients choosing health insurance. The study found that the decision aid can improve Many cancer survivors struggle to choose a health cancer survivors’ health insurance knowledge insurance plan that meets their needs because of and confidence using health insurance. Politi high costs, limited health insurance literacy and recognizes that there is much more work to be lack of decision support. Politi and Professor of done to reduce financial toxicity from cancer. Surgery Aimee James, PhD, MPH, led a team of “We also need to focus on system interventions Washington University researchers in developing to make care more affordable and ensure people and evaluating a web-based decision aid for have access to the care they need, at a cost they cancer patients. can afford,” Politi asserts. Department of Surgery 57

HIGHLIGHTS from Public Health Sciences Clinical Siteman Cancer Center facility at the Memorial Hospital East The Division of Public Health Sciences is working to campus in Shiloh, Illinois. increase access to cancer screenings across the 82 counties in the Siteman Cancer Center catchment area. Public Health Sciences faculty have built partnerships with the BJC Collaborative, Southern Illinois Healthcare and community partners to address health disparities in minority, low-income and underserved populations. These initiatives include developing health literacy and patient education materials specific to local communities, studying the impact of COVID-19 on access to cancer screening and updating guidelines to ensure that people at high risk for developing cancer are able to receive the testing they need. Research Adetunji Toriola, MD, PhD, and other faculty meet for an NIH The incidence of breast cancer among premenopausal mock Study Section. women has been growing in recent decades, with nearly a quarter of breast cancer being detected in women Division Chief Graham Colditz, MD, DrPH, right. under 50. Despite this significant incidence, prevention strategies for premenopausal breast cancer are lacking. Public Health Sciences researcher Adetunji Toriola, MD, PhD, is investigating ways to understand and decrease risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Toriola is Principal Investigator on two National Institutes of Health RO1 grants—a Phase II clinical trial investigating the effect of protein inhibition on mammographic breast density, and a study to understand the molecular basis of mammographic breast density and the mechanisms through which dense breast increases breast cancer risk. Education The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program at Siteman Cancer Center and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis provides opportunities for postdoctoral research in the Division of Public Health Sciences. Surgical residents who join the program receive training in analytic and quantitative skills and clinical outcomes research, as well as surgical faculty mentorship. Many of the program’s researchers enroll in the Master of Population Health Sciences (MPHS) degree program. The MPHS, established by Division Chief Graham Colditz, MD, DrPH, in 2010, helps physicians and researchers accelerate their clinical outcomes research methods expertise through clinically-relevant, applied coursework. 58 Washington University School of Medicine

Preventing Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Yin Cao, ScD, MPH. Amultidisciplinary, multispecialty team of Prevention of MetS could help reduce the researchers and physicians at Washington number of cases of early-onset CRC. Tailored CRC University School of Medicine in St. Louis are screening among young adults with MetS may also studying the increased risk of early-onset help address the rising burden of early-onset CRC colorectal cancer among people younger than by identifying the cancer earlier. Dietary changes 50 years old. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third may be one effective method of prevention. most common form of cancer and cause of cancer In a second study, Cao evaluated diets and their death globally. While the risk of CRC increases relationship to adenomas. Because adenomas are with age, the incidence of early-onset CRC is on polyps that can turn into cancer, people with early- the rise. Current guidelines suggest people begin onset polyps are at higher risk of developing CRC. screening for CRC around age 45-50, meaning that The study, published in the Journal of the National younger people are less likely to have their cancer Cancer Institute, found that a Western pattern diagnosed in early stages. diet—high in meat, pre-packaged foods, sweets In two recent studies, Yin Cao, ScD, MPH, and fried foods—was associated with risk of early- Associate Professor of Surgery in the Division of onset adenomas. People in this retrospective Public Health Sciences, identifies risk factors for study who followed other diets were less likely to early-onset CRC and offers methods of prevention develop these early adenomas. and improved screening. Cao and a team of researchers studied data Colorectal cancer is the from 113 million adults ages 18-64, trying to third most common form understand the association between metabolic of cancer and cause of syndrome (MetS) and early-onset CRC. Cao cancer death globally. describes MetS as “a constellation of metabolic disorders.” The American Heart Association lists obesity, high triglyceride, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and high fasting glucose as metabolic syndrome disorders. While MetS has increased among young adults At a virtual National Institutes of Health Think worldwide, its association with early-onset CRC Tank, Cao presented her research to experts in was previously unexamined. This study, published colorectal cancer from medical schools and cancer in the journal Gut, looked at 4,673 cases of early- centers across the country, with the hopes of onset colorectal cancer, and 14,928 later-onset addressing the concerning, though preventable cases between ages 50-64. Researchers were rise in early-onset CRC. interested in how many metabolic disorders affected these CRC patients. Department of Surgery 59

DIVISION OF UROLOGIC SURGERY From left: Sam Bhayani, MD, Alana Desai, MD, in the operating room, and Division Chief Gerald Andriole, MD, left, with Eric Kim, MD. Division of Urologic Surgery Faculty in this division are leaders in reconstructive and robotic urology and operative techniques. Urologists offer a range of treatment options, both surgical and nonsurgical, for medical conditions of the urogenital tract. The division is nationally recognized for its research on detecting and determining the level of risk of prostate cancer. Urologists are leaders in minimally invasive surgical techniques. The residency program trains outstanding physicians through the expertise of fellowship-trained faculty, high volume, diversity of cases and spirit of inquiry. 6,275 14,138 38,967 visits operating room cases office procedures 81 $3,779,406 24 research funding clinical research studies faculty 60 Washington University School of Medicine

A TARGETED APPROACH To improve the detection and treatment of prostate cancer, the Division of Urology has developed a comprehensive program of research and clinical innovation. The division is employing new, targeted approaches to imaging, ablation and surgical care of prostate cancer. Gerald Andriole, MD, Division Chief of Urologic Surgery, and Arjun Sivaraman, MD, MBBS, MS, MCH, are leading the offensive against high-risk, advanced, recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer through the use of ExactVu micro-ultrasound imaging. This form of high-frequency imaging operates at 29 megahertz (MHz). When compared to the conventional ultrasound probe, which is closer to 7 MHz, ExactVu allows for more detailed imaging and a precise, targeted biopsy of a man’s prostate. “With this technology, we can advance the needle to the edge of what we see as abnormal. The biopsy core will go right through the most worrisome part of the prostate,” says Andriole, the Robert K. Royce Distinguished Professor of Urologic Surgery. Andriole is an internationally known expert on prostate cancer whose innovations in screening and clinical care have improved the lives of countless patients. He is the recipient of a 2020 Distinguished Clinician Award from the School of Medicine. Arjun Sivaraman, MD, MBBS, MS, MCH. Eric Kim, MD, left, and R. Sherburne Christopher Arett, MD, MBA. Figenshau, MD. This precise, targeted approach allows urologists to identify the exact location of the cancer in a man’s prostate. In some cases, the localized cancer can be destroyed without radiation or surgical removal of the prostate. Through focal ablation, physicians target the cancerous portion of the prostate with cryoablation, laser treatment and other techniques. For patients whose cancer requires surgery, the division is a leader in minimally-invasive approaches. Urologists Eric Kim, MD, and R. Sherburne Figenshau, MD, are at the forefront of robotic surgical treatment of urologic cancers. Kim and Figenshau utilize the Single Port (SP) Surgical System to perform minimally-invasive urologic surgery, targeting the same anatomy as other procedures, but with faster recovery times and fewer complications than traditional open surgery. “After SP robotic prostatectomy, some patients are able to go home on the same day as surgery,” Kim says. “We have also shown that SP robotic cystectomy is equivalent to conventional multi-port robotic cystectomy.” This year, Boston Scientific recognized Christopher Arett, MD, MBA, for his clinical volume and patient outcomes using GreenLight laser therapy to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. This recognition makes Barnes-Jewish Hospital and the School of Medicine one of only 11 Centers of Excellence in the country and the only center in the region. Urologists in the division are leading the offensive against the most threatening forms of prostate cancer through targeted approaches to screening, detection and treatment. Department of Surgery 61

HIGHLIGHTS from Urologic Surgery Clinical Arnold Bullock, MD, is a leader in the treatment Arnold Bullock, MD, at Christian Hospital. of men’s health conditions at Christian Hospital. In 2019, Christian Hospital recognized Bullock as a Physician of the Year for his compassion, commitment and expert knowledge in innovative technologies and therapies. Bullock extends his practice beyond the clinic by visiting local churches and community partners in North St. Louis. Working with Siteman Cancer Center’s Program for the Elimination of Cancer Disparities (PECaD), Bullock educates the public on the importance of cancer screening. “PECaD addresses the needs of a medically underserved population,” Bullock says. “Studies have shown the importance of grassroots efforts and community participation in reducing cancer disparities.” Research Henry Lai, MD, left, and Alana Desai, MD. The Division of Urology is the highest recruiting site for the Prevention of Urinary Stones with Hydration (PUSH) study. Funded by the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the PUSH study is a randomized clinical trial of kidney stone patients to determine whether behavioral interventions, including drinking more fluids, will help prevent stone disease progression over a two-year period. Principal investigators Alana Desai, MD, and Henry Lai, MD, aim to provide further evidence that drinking more fluids can reduce the risk of kidney stones, and investigate novel ways to encourage, motivate and support people to achieve their fluid intake goals. Education From left: Shilpa Argade, MD, Helen Kim, MD, Erica Traxel, MD, Program Director Erica Traxel, MD, endorses increasing Shellee Ogawa, MD, Kathryn Agamawi, MD, Carrie Ronstrom, diversity in the urology residency program. The 2019 American Urological Association Census showed that MD, and Laura Lee, MD. only 5.9% of practicing urologists are underrepresented Washington University School of Medicine minorities (URM) and 9.9% are women. Of the residency program’s 18 current residents, three are URM and seven are women. Recent efforts to recruit more diverse residents include offering a scholarship to sponsor URM medical students who visit for a sub-internship. “We are excited by the richness that we know diversity will add to our program and our community,” says Traxel, who was recently selected as a fellow in the Washington University School of Medicine Academy of Educators. 62

Kiran Mahajan, PhD, far left, and Nupam Mahajan, PhD, far right, in the laboratory. A DEFENSE AGAINST PROSTATE CANCER Division of Urology researchers Kiran Mahajan, research is funded by Phi Beta Psi Sorority, the PhD, and Nupam Mahajan, PhD, identify genetic National Institutes of Health and the Prostate mutations that increase a man’s risk of developing Cancer Foundation. advanced, recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer, In men with prostate cancer that keeps growing, and study therapies to block prostate tumor even when the amount of testosterone in the body growth. is greatly reduced, the tumor depends on HOXB13 Principal Investigator Kiran Mahajan leads and an enzyme called ACK1 to continue growing. research into the mutation of a specific gene, Nupam Mahajan, Principal Investigator and called HOXB13. This gene is thought to play a role Director of Urological Research at the School in the development and maintenance of skin, as of Medicine, is researching a novel ACK1 small well as acting as a tumor suppressor. A HOXB13 molecule inhibitor. Nupam Mahajan’s laboratory mutation can impair the gene’s ability to suppress has developed a compound that inhibits the ACK1 tumors. Kiran Mahajan’s laboratory is developing enzyme and suppresses the growth of prostate treatment plans to address this genetic cancer cells—especially those in men whose abnormality by targeting HOXB13-effectors. This cancer continues to grow after testosterone is reduced. Mahajan lab members from left: Nupam Mahajan, PhD, Thanh Nguyen, Kiran and Nupam Mahajan continue to lead BS, Dhivya Sridaran, PhD, Surbhi Chouhan, PhD, Mithila Sawant, PhD, innovative research in prostate cancer through and Ruchi Ghildiyal, PhD. publications and patents. Their research teams have identified a heat shock protein called Department of Surgery HSPB8 as important in predicting high-risk prostate cancer. HSPB8 expression is blocked by the HOXB13 mutation in prostate cancer. Kiran Mahajan hypothesizes that HSPB8 is a cellular defense mechanism against cancer. Her laboratory is studying whether HSPB8 levels can be used as a reliable prostate cancer biomarker by analyzing HSPB8 expression in a large number of clinical specimens. These pre-clinical studies will be important to demonstrate reversal of HSPB8 loss as a new therapeutic opportunity in prostate cancer. 63

A Legacy of LEADERSHIP by Timothy Eberlein, MD leaders in our field. The groundwork for these William K. Bixby Professor & Chair, Department of Surgery career development and mentorship opportunities Spencer T. and Ann W. Olin Distinguished Professor began 20 years ago, when the department Washington University School of Medicine developed a plan to improve behavior and Director, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center leadership skills among our faculty, and are now The Department of Surgery has 59 faculty led by Maria B. Majella Doyle, MD, MBA, Mary Politi, at the level of Professor and 30 Endowed PhD, and Tiffany Osborn, MD, MPH. Professorships. To become a Professor of Surgery Our faculty members have since excelled as is the epitome of rank in our profession. It is an national leaders in their fields, patient safety, acknowledgment by your peers cancer research that you have and education; attained a level mentors within of achievement These women who the department, and national and have attained the rank helping others international Professor of Surgery gain a leadership reputation worthy foothold; and of the highest institutional leaders recognition. Each at BJC HealthCare, of the 12 faculty set a new standard Washington pictured here for the future of University have earned the Physicians, title Professor and the Alvin J. of Surgery by academic surgery. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes- contributing to Jewish Hospital our department’s and Washington tripartite mission and legacy of leadership in academic surgery. Four have Endowed University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Professorships, two are Vice Chairs and one is Furthermore, our department has mentored Associate Director of Siteman Cancer Center. a number of faculty who have gone on to lead institutions, departments and divisions nationwide, including eight department chairs, For us to have this significant number of one of whom is a woman. professors in our department is no accident. We have successfully created an environment where someone with excellent training, talent and One of the things I am most proud of is the ambition can receive the mentoring and resources commitment of our faculty to leading in patient they need to be enormously successful. care, research and surgical education. The breadth of expertise our professors bring to surgery is remarkable. These women who have attained the From junior faculty to department leadership, rank Professor of Surgery set a new standard for we have developed surgeons at every level to be the future of academic surgery. 64 Washington University School of Medicine

A Legacy of Leadership Women in Surgery Paving the way for the next generation of female leaders. Rebecca Aft, MD, PhD Maria B. Majella Doyle, MD, Bettina Drake, PhD, MPH Virginia Herrmann, MD MBA Jeffrey F. Moley Professor in Professor of Surgery Professor of Surgery Endocrine and Oncologic Mid-America Transplant/ Public Health Sciences Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery Department of Surgery Surgery Distinguished Endowed Chair in Abdominal Transplantation Aimee James, PhD, MPH Lisa Klesges, PhD Mary Klingensmith, MD Susan Mackinnon, MD Professor of Surgery Professor of Surgery Mary Culver Distinguished Minot Packer Fryer Public Health Sciences Public Health Sciences Professor of Surgery Endowed Chair of Plastic Minimally Invasive Surgery Surgery Julie Margenthaler, MD Tiffany Osborn, MD, MPH Mary Politi, PhD Siobhan Sutcliffe, PhD, ScM, MHS Professor of Surgery Professor of Surgery and Professor of Surgery Endocrine and Oncologic Emergency Medicine Public Health Sciences Professor of Surgery Surgery Acute and Critical Care Surgery Public Health Sciences

Research The Department of Research Grants By Division Surgery is a leader in NIH funding among its peers nationwide and has robust basic science, clinical and public health sciences research. Key cancer biology, immunologic, pancreas and breast cancer research are among areas of excellence for department investigators. 145 Clinical Trial Contract Income active grants Washington University School of Medicine $29,286,904 research grant funding 815 clinical research studies $3,508,637 clinical trial contract income funding 66

New Research Awards FUNDING ABOVE $1,000,000 FUNDING ABOVE $100,000 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Daniel Kreisel, MD, PhD / (Multi-PI: Kreisel (contact), Pirooz Eghtesady, MD, PhD Lavine) American Heart Association / The Role of Maternal NIH R01 / The Role of Donor Innate Immune Virome in Development of Congenital Heart Responses in Regulating Alloimmunity after Heart Diseases Transplantation 07/01/19-06/30/21: $200,000 06/01/20-05/31/24: $2,575,610 Division of General Surgery Division of General Surgery Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic & GI Surgery Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery Chet Hammill, MD, MCR Isaiah Turnbull, MD, PhD BJHF Project Award / Remote telemonitoring to NIH R35 / Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell improve prehabilitation and surgical outcomes of Dysfunction is an Underlying Mechanism of Injury- patients undergoing pancreatic resection Induced Immunosuppression 07/01/19-06/30/21: $161,377 09/05/19-06/30/24: $1,967,496 Chet Hammill, MD, MCR Section of Surgical Oncology Anonymous Sponsor / Improving outcomes Ryan Fields, MD / (Multi-PI: Fields (contact), Flavell) in surgical resection of pancreas cancer using NIH R01 / Advancing Precision Oncology in a postoperative monitoring with bioresorbable Humanized, Fully Autologous Mouse Model sensors 03/01/20-02/28/25: $3,008,821 03/02/20-09/01/21: $116,853 William Gillanders, MD / (Multi-PI: Gillanders Section of Transplant Surgery (contact), Schreiber) Will Chapman, MD NIH R01 / Targeting Neoantigens in Triple Negative Mid-America Transplant Foundation / Use of Breast Cancer Normothermic Liver Perfusion to Facilitate 08/01/19-07/31/24: $3,180,458 Transplantation of Livers Intended to Be Discarded from Standard Clinical Use Division of Plastic and Reconstructive 08/01/19-07/31/22: $450,000 Surgery Will Chapman, MD Matthew Wood, PhD Mid-America Transplant Foundation / Quality NIH R01 / T cell roles in regeneration across nerve Control Consultation graft alternatives 05/13/20-01/13/24: $216,927 04/01/20-12/31/24: $1,850,332 Jae-Sung Kim, PhD Division of Public Health Sciences Mid-America Transplant Foundation / Reversal of reperfusion injury in aged livers by calpastatin Aimee James, PhD, MPH (CAST) NIH R01 / Implementing multilevel colon cancer 08/01/19-07/31/22: $329,309 screening interventions to reduce rural cancer disparities Division of Public Health Sciences 07/15/19-06/30/24: $2,356,577 Yin Cao, ScD, MPH Mary Politi, PhD / (Multi-PI: Politi (contact), Lee) NIH R21 / Alcohol, Gut Dysbiosis, Endotoxemia, and AHRQ R18 / Implementing a Breast Reconstruction Colorectal Cancer Decision Support Tool in Diverse Practice Settings 02/20/20-01/31/22: $464,859 09/01/19-08/31/22: $1,200,000 Mary Politi, PhD Adetunji Toriola, MD, PhD Robert Wood Johnson Foundation / Investigating NIH R37 / Targeting RANK Pathway in how to address surgeon-patient cost conversations, Mammographic Density cost referrals, patients’ financial toxicity, and high- and Primary Breast Cancer Prevention quality decision-making 08/05/19-07/31/24: $3,070,773 03/01/20-02/28/22: $399,956 Department of Surgery 67

Washington Unviersity Medical Campus Washington University Medical Campus includes Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine. Covering 178 acres over 18 city blocks, the Medical Campus is located at the intersection of St. Louis’ Central West End and Forest Park Southeast neighborhoods. The School of Medicine’s clinical practice group of St. Louis Children’s Hospital is the largest children’s more than 1,500 full-time clinical physicians and hospital in the region, with nearly 400 licensed beds surgeons, called Washington University Physicians, and an American College of Surgeons-verified is one of the largest academic clinical practices Level I pediatric trauma center. It offers in the nation. In addition to providing care on the comprehensive services in every pediatric medical Medical Campus, these physicians extend patient and surgical specialty and is recognized as one of care to community practice across the St. Louis America’s top children’s hospitals by U.S. News & region at locations including Christian Hospital and World Report, which in 2020 ranked the hospital in Alton Memorial Hospital. all 10 specialties surveyed. Surgeons are among the almost 1,700 attending Siteman Cancer Center is the only National Cancer physicians at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, the largest Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center hospital in Missouri. Barnes-Jewish is consistently in Missouri and is ranked as one of the nation’s top ranked among the nation’s best hospitals by U.S. cancer facilities by U.S. News & World Report. In News & World Report. The hospital holds advanced 2020, Siteman earned the highest possible rating— certification from the Joint Commission for lung exceptional—by the National Cancer Institute, volume reduction surgery and is an American as part of a rigorous, peer-reviewed five-year College of Surgeons-verified Level I trauma center. evaluation of Siteman’s research programs. The Hospital has over 1,300 licensed beds. 68 Washington University School of Medicine

St. Louis A Place to Call Home Faculty Favorites Newcomers soon discover St. Louis is an ideal Our faculty share their favorite things place to train or pursue an academic career. about living in St. Louis: A leading center for international research and destination for patients seeking exceptional care, The Central West End neighborhood, which abuts Washington University the city also attracts engineers, entrepreneurs, Medical Campus, is full of charming cafés, galleries, antique shops, artists and other innovative professionals restaurants and boutiques. working at the forefront of diverse fields. St. Louis is livable, with a patchwork of eclectic Mary Klingensmith, MD neighborhoods not far from the Medical Campus. Mary Culver Distinguished Professor of Surgery The city earns accolades from techies, foodies, Many things! We have all four seasons, but never a long, music lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. The cold winter, and we have gloriously long spring and neighborhoods closest to the Medical Campus fall; my garden grows like crazy—both vegetables and offer trendy restaurants and bars, historic charm flowers; the schools are outstanding—my two children and a quick commute. The campus is located in have received excellent public education; the “food the city’s Central West End, an area brimming scene” with great restaurants at all price points; and with dining and entertainment options that cater great friendships with hospital colleagues, neighbors, to the area’s young professionals. The Medical and my church community. Campus also borders Forest Park, where miles Paul Wise, MD of multi-use trails wind around some of the city’s Professor of Surgery most popular destinations: the art museum, zoo, Having lived in Nashville, Sacramento, Baltimore, New science center and other free attractions. Outside Orleans, D.C., Boston, Cleveland and San Antonio, what the Central West End, many neighborhoods boast I love most about St. Louis is that it is so diverse and a burgeoning culinary scene, microbreweries and cosmopolitan, while also having a wonderful Midwest hip nightlife. St. Louis has a significantly lower personality, great sports, excellent food and minimal cost of housing than the nation’s major coastal traffic. This is an especially wonderful place to raise a cities, and children of all ages enjoy a substantial family. number of free attractions year round. Erica Traxel, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Dr. Eberlein’s Favorite I appreciate the rich, deep history of St. Louis. Not every Place in St. Louis house is from the same cookie cutter mold. We have such treasures as the St. Louis Symphony & Orchestra, “Forest Park is my backyard. My wife Fabulous Fox Theater, St. Louis Art Museum, Missouri and I go on walks every day. There is Botanical Gardens and St. Louis Zoo. I am proud of us almost never a time that my wife and I for coming together this year to protect ourselves, our are in Forest Park and we do not bump families, our resources and our city. into somebody that we know. Everyone Steven Hunt, MD Associate Professor of Surgery goes to Forest Park, and there is St. Louis has big city amenities, while still being an easy something there for everyone.” place to live. I cannot hear traffic from my house, yet my commute is under 15 minutes. I can stay for the last pitch Department of Surgery of a ball game, and be home in 25 minutes. The airport is easily accessible, yet I can book direct flights almost anywhere in the country. 69

Faculty Chair’s Office Timothy J. William C. Maria B. Majella Doyle, William E. S. Peter Eberlein, MD, Chair Chapman, MD MD, MBA Gillanders, MD Goedegebuure, PhD William K. Bixby Eugene M. Bricker Professor of Surgery; William K. Bixby Associate Professor Professor of Surgery; Professor of Surgery; Co-Director, Faculty Professor of Surgery; of Surgery Spencer T. and Ann Executive Vice Chair Career Development/ Vice Chair for Research W. Olin Distinguished Mentoring; Vice Chair for Professor; Director, Clinical Affairs Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center Mary E. Benjamin D. Tiffany M. Mary C. Politi, PhD Klingensmith, MD Kozower, MD, MPH Osborn, MD, MPH Professor of Surgery; Mary Culver Professor of Surgery; Professor of Surgery; Co-Director, Faculty Distinguished Professor Vice Chair for Patient Director, Leadership Career Development of Surgery; Vice Chair for Safety and Quality and professional Mentoring Education Improvement Development Institutional Leadership Michael M. Sam B. Graham A. Colditz, Bettina F. Drake, Timothy J. Eberlein, Awad, MD, PhD Bhayani, MD, MS MD, DrPH, MPH PhD, MPH MD Associate Professor Professor of Surgery; Niess-Gain Professor Professor of Bixby Professor of Surgery; Holekamp Family of Surgery; Chief, Surgery; Associate and Spencer T. Director of the Endowed Chair in Division of Public Director, Community and Ann W. Olin Comprehensive Urology; Chief Medical Health Sciences; Outreach and Distinguished Robotic Surgery Officer, Washington Associate Director, Engagement, Professor; Director, Program; BJC University Physicians; Prevention and Siteman Cancer Alvin J. Siteman HealthCare Patient Care Control, Siteman Center Cancer Center Quality and Safety Cancer Center Committee, Board of Directors, Barnes- Jewish Hospital Shaina Bruce L. Hall, Mary E. Matthew G. Jacqueline M. Jason R. Wellen, MD R. Eckhouse, MD MD, PhD, MBA Klingensmith, MD Mutch, MD Saito, MD, MSCI Associate Professor Associate Professor Professor of Surgery; Mary Culver Solon and Bettie Associate Professor of Surgery; Surgical of Surgery; Surgical Vice President and Distinguished Gershman Professor of Surgery; Representative, Liaison, BJH Chief Quality Officer, Professor of Surgery; of Surgery; Chief, Outcomes Physician, Perioperative Perioperative BJC HealthCare Vice Chair for Section of Colon Center for Clinical Services, Barnes- Services Leadership Education; Founding and Rectal Surgery; Excellence, Jewish Hospital Director, Academy of Cancer Liaison BJC Healthcare Educators Physician, Barnes- Jewish Hospital Cancer Committee 70 Washington University School of Medicine

Faculty Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., MD Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Evarts A. Graham Professor of Surgery Section of Cardiac Surgery Marc R. Moon, MD Chief, Section of Cardiac Surgery John M. Shoenberg Chair in Cardiovascular Disease Endowed Professors Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., MD Nabil A. Munfakh, MD Akinobu Itoh, MD, PhD Puja Kachroo, MD Michael K. Pasque, MD Hersh S. Maniar, MD Kunal D. Kotkar, MD Richard B. Schuessler, PhD Spencer J. Melby, MD Muhammad Faraz Masood, MD Christian W. Zemlin, PhD, MSc Section of Thoracic Surgery Bryan F. Meyers, MD, MPH Chief, Section of Thoracic Surgery Patrick and Joy Williamson Chair in Cardiothoracic Surgery Endowed Professors Professors Assistant Professors Andrew E. Gelman, PhD Benjamin D. Kozower, MD, MPH Ruben G. Nava Bahena, MD Daniel Kreisel, MD, PhD Varun Puri, MD, MSCI Shuddhadeb Ray, MD, MPHS G. Alexander Patterson, MD Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Pirooz Eghtesady, MD, PhD Chief, Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Emerson Chair in Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Assistant Professors Dilip Nath, MD Division of General Surgery William C. Chapman, MD Chief, Division of General Surgery Eugene M. Bricker Professor of Surgery Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery Grant V. Bochicchio, MD, MPH Chief, Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery Harry Edison Professor of Surgery Professors Assistant Professors Assistant Professors (cont.) C-STARS Jeffrey A. Bailey, MD Sara A. Buckman, MD, PharmD Kelly J. Vallar, MD Bracken A. Armstrong, MD Bailey D. Freeman, MD Mark H. Hoofnagle, MD Michael D. Weiss, DPM Zachary P. Englert, DO John E. Mazuski, MD, PhD Piroska Kopar, MD Muhammad Yasin, MD Gerald R. Fortuna, Jr., MD, Tiffany M. Osborn, MD, MPH Jessica Kramer, MD Col, USAF, SFS, MC, MBA Douglas J.E. Schuerer, MD Jennifer M. Leonard, MD, PhD Instructors Andrew Hall, MD Jerry M. Liddell, DPM Chelsea Hutchinson, MD Associate Professors Nishant Raj, MD Shumaila N. Khawja, MD Charlie Srivilasa, MD Jason A. Snyder, MD Thoi H. Ngo, MD Obeid N. Ilahi, MD Melissa K. Stewart, MD Amanda C. Rabideau, MD John P. Kirby, MD Isaiah R. Turnbull, MD, PhD Department of Surgery 71

Faculty Division of General Surgery (continued) Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery Matthew G. Mutch, MD Chief, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery Solon and Bettie Gershman Chair in Colon Rectal Surgery Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Paul E. Wise, MD Sean C. Glasgow, MD Kerri A. Ohman, MD Steven R. Hunt, MD Matthew L. Silviera, MD, MS Radhika K. Smith, MD Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic & GI Surgery William G. Hawkins, MD Chief, Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic & GI Surgery Neidorff Family and Robert C. Packman Professor of Surgery Endowed Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Steven M. Strasberg, MD Chet Hammill, MD, MS, MCR Dominic Sanford, MD, MPHS Dirk M. Spitzer, PhD Section of Minimally lnvasive Surgery Michael Brunt, MD Chief, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery Professor of Surgery Endowed Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Mary E. Klingensmith, MD Michael M. Awad, MD, PhD Jeffrey A. Blatnik, MD J. Chris Eagon, MD Francesca M. Dimou, MD, MS Bethany C. Sacks, MD, MEd Shaina R. Eckhouse, MD Sara E. Holden, MD Arnab Majumder, MD Section of Surgical Oncology Ryan C. Fields, MD Chief, Section of Surgical Oncology Kim and Tim Eberlein Distinguished Chair in Surgical Oncology Endowed Professors Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Rebecca L. Aft, MD, PhD Bruce Lee Hall, MD, PhD S. Peter Goedegebure, PhD Taylor C. Brown, MD, MHS Timothy J. Eberlein, MD Virginia M. Herrmann, MD Amy E. Cyr, MD William E. Gillanders, MD Julie A. Margenthaler, MD Katherine L. Glover-Collins, MD, PHD Beth A. Helmink, MD, PhD T.K. Pandian, MD, MPH Section of Transplant Surgery William C. Chapman, MD Chief, Section of Transplant Surgery Eugene M. Bricker Professor of Surgery Endowed Professors Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Maria B. Majella Doyle, MD, MBA Jae-Sung Kim, PhD Adeel S. Khan, MD, MPH Yiing Lin, MD, PhD Surendra Shenoy, MD, PhD Jason R. Wellen, MD, MBA Brian W. Wong, PhD Section of Vascular Surgery Luis A. Sanchez, MD Chief, Section of Vascular Surgery Gregorio A. Sicard Distinguished Professor in Vascular Surgery Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors C-STARS Patrick J. Geraghty, MD Mohamed A. Zayed, MD, PhD Sean J. English, MD Nathan Droz, MD Brian G. Rubin, MD Vipul Khetarpaul, MD Gerald R. Fortuna, Jr., MD, Robert W. Thompson, MD J. Westley Ohman, MD Col, USAF, SFS, MC, MBA Nanette R. Reed, MD 72 Washington University School of Medicine

Faculty Division of Pediatric Surgery Brad W. Warner, MD Chief, Division of Pediatric Surgery Jessie L. Ternberg, MD, PhD, Distinguished Professor in Pediatric Surgery Associate Professors Assistant Professors Patrick A. Dillon, MD Baddr A. Shakhsheer, MD Jun Guo, PhD Jesse D. Vrecenak, MD Martin S. Keller, MD Jacqueline M. Saito, MD, MSCI Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Justin M. Sacks, MD, MBA Chief, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Sidney M. Jr. and Robert H. Shoenberg Chair in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Endowed Professors Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Keith E. Brandt, MD Terence M. Myckatyn, MD Ida K. Fox, MD Rachel A. Anolik, MD Susan E. Mackinnon, MD Thomas H. Tung, MD Kamlesh B. Patel, MD, MSc Kelly B. Currie, MD Marissa M. Tenenbaum, MD John M. Felder, MD Amy Kells, MD, PhD Dennis C. Nguyen, MD, MS Mitchell A. Pet, MD Alison K. Snyder-Warwick, MD Matthew D. Wood, MS, PhD Division of Public Health Sciences Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH Chief, Division of Public Health Sciences Niess-Gain Professor of Surgery Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Assistant Professors (cont.) Bettina F. Drake, PhD, MPH Yin Cao, MPH, ScD Su-Hsin Chang, PhD Ying Liu, MD, PhD Feng Gao, MD, PhD, MPH Esther Lu, MS, PhD Kia L. Davis, ScD, MPH Angela Mazul, PhD, MPH Aimee S. James, PhD, MPH Jingqin Luo , PhD Ashley J. Housten, OTD, Elizabeth Salerno, PhD, MPH Lisa M. Klesges, PhD, MS Yikyung Park, ScD MSCI, OTR/L Michelle Silver, PhD, ScM Mary C. Politi, PhD Adetunji T. Toriola, MD, PhD Jean Hunleth, PhD, MPH Fei Wan, PhD Siobhan Sutcliffe, PhD, Erika A. Waters, PhD, MPH Shu (Joy) Jiang, PhD ScM. MHS Erin Linnenbringer, PhD, Yan Yan, MD, PhD MS Division of Urologic Surgery Gerald L. Andriole, Jr., MD Chief, Division of Urologic Surgery Robert K. Royce Distinguished Professor in Urologic Surgery Endowed Professors Professors Assistant Professors Assistant Professor (cont.) Sam B. Bhayani, MD, MS H. Henry Lai, MD Sunil M. Apte, MBBS, MS Kenneth Sands, DO, MBA Arnold D. Bullock, MD Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Christopher T. Arett, MD, MBA Arjun Sivaraman, MD, R. Sherburne Figenshau, MD MD, MS Alana C. Desai, MD MBBS, MS, MCH Nupam Mahajan, PhD Kefu Du, MD Zachary L. Smith, MD Associate Professors Jason K. Frankel, MD Lewis J. Thomas, IV, MD Dane P. Johnson, MD Gino J. Vricella, MD Douglas E. Coplen, MD Eric H. Kim, MD Erica J. Traxel, MD Kiran Mahajan, PhD Gregory P. Murphy, MD Charles U. Nottingham, MD, MS Department of Surgery 73

New Faculty Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery MISTTnasuDsukrt,gyraePuohrchsaythDsoihr ii,n ARSshasuyi,sdtMdahDnat, dMePbHS PZASCeusrhosmrrogfieselcistirnasiya,otenPr hoWfD. Professor of Surgery Residency: Residency: Graduate Education: General Surgery, Toranomon General Surgery, Washington MSc, Physics, Technical University Hospital; Mitsui Memorial Hospital; University School of Medicine, Berlin, Berlin, Germany; PhD, University of Tokyo Hospital, St. Louis, MO Theoretical Physics, Institute for Tokyo, Japan; Yaizu City Hospital, Fellowships: Theoretical Biology-Humboldt Shizuoka, Japan Thoracic Surgery, Washington University Berlin, Berlin, Germany Fellowships: University School of Medicine, St. Postdoctoral Education: General Thoracic Surgery, Louis, MO Postdoctoral fellow in University of Tokyo Hospital; JR Clinical Interests: electrophysiology, Upstate Medical Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo Cardiothoracic surgery University, Syracuse, NY Japan; Research Fellow Washington Research Interests: University in St. Louis; Lung Surgical treatment, mechanisms Transplant Fellow, Barnes-Jewish and imaging of cardiac arrhythmias Hospital, St. Louis, MO Research Interests: Lung transplant Division of General Surgery DANdraojtuzhn,acMntDM. MHBAseeDstli,mhsPtAiahn.nDkt, ISKnhhsuatrmwucjaatio,larMoNDf. Assistant Professor of Surgery, Section of Professor of Surgery, Section of Surgery, Section Acute and Critical Surgical Oncology Care Surgery of Vascular Surgery Residency: Residency: General Surgery, Vanderbilt Residency: General Surgery, Wright State University Medical Center, General Surgery, Henry Ford Health University, Boonshoft School of Nashville, TN System, Detroit, MI Medicine, Dayton, OH Fellowships: Fellowships: Fellowships: Complex General Surgery Acute and Critical Care, Washington Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH Center, Houston, TX St. Louis, MO Clinical Interests: Clinical Interests: Vascular surgery, open and Clinical Interests: Trauma surgery, acute care surgery, endovascular surgery Melanoma peritoneal malignancy surgical critical care (metastatic colorectal cancer, appendiceal malignancy and mesothelioma) Research Interests: Cancer immunology, immunotherapy 74 Washington University School of Medicine

New Faculty Division of General Surgery LJeidrdryelMl,.DPM AAMsrasnjiaustbmandter, MD NTInhgsootri,uHMc.tDor of Assistant Professor of Surgery, Section Professor of Surgery, Section of of Acute and Surgery, Section of Critical Care Minimally Invasive Surgery Acute and Critical Surgery Residency: Care Surgery Residency: General Surgery, Morristown Residency: General Surgery, Case Western Medical Center, Morristown, NJ Podiatry, VAMC; University of Utah Reserve University School of Fellowships: School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Medicine, Cleveland, OH Surgical Critical Care, Washington UT Fellowships: University School of Medicine, Clinical Interests: Advanced GI/Minimally Invasive St. Louis, MO Surgical and medical treatment of Surgery/Abdominal Wall foot and ankle conditions, diabetic Reconstruction, Washington Clinical Interests: foot care/complications, wound University School of Medicine, St. Trauma surgery, acute care surgery, care, diabetic peripheral neruopathy Louis, MO surgical critical care Clinical Interests: Abdominal wall reconstruction, hernia repair, foregut surgery, endoscopic treatment of achalasia Research Interests: Hernia repair outcomes, robotic surgery, surgeon ergonomics, resident education in the operating room OKAsehsrmirsitaaAnn.,tMD RIAnmasbtariundcdetaaourC,o.Mf D ASBsaesctohkcasi,naMtyeDC,. MEd Professor of Surgery, Section of Professor of Surgery, Section Surgery, Section of Acute and Critical of Colon and Care Surgery Minimally Invasive Rectal Surgery Surgery Residency: Residency: Residency: General Surgery, Washington General Surgery, Baystate Medical General Surgery, Mount Sinai University School of Medicine, Center, Springfield, MA School of Medicine, New York, NY St. Louis, MO Fellowships: Fellowships: Fellowships: Acute and Critical Care, Washington Minimally Invasive Surgery, Colon and Rectal Surgery, University School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Washington University School of St. Louis, MO Center, Pittsburgh, PA Medicine, St. Louis, MO Clinical Interests: Trauma surgery, acute care surgery, Clinical Interests: Clinical Interests: surgical critical care Laparoscopic surgery for hernias Colon and rectal surgery, colon and gallstones cancer, rectal cancer, anal cancer, Research Interests: inflammatory bowel disease Minimally invasive and simulation (crohn’s disease and ulcerative technologies, surgical trainee and colitis), diverticulitis, pelvic floor medical student education disorders, benign anorectal conditions, laparoscopic and robotic surgery Research Interests: Colon cancer, rectal cancer, quality improvement Department of Surgery 75

New Faculty Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery CSiJnuyhdPsietnlafiensoytfMiMcP.l.aaSJnsardt.ciackRnsead,cnModRnoDRsb,eterMcuroBtcntHAsiv.treSuhScoutiervgneebSreyurgrgCehrya,ir RAAsnascoihslitekal,nAMt.PDrofessor of Surgery Residency: Residency: General Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medial Center, New York, NY Integrated Plastic Surgery, Duke Fellowships: University Hospital, Durham, NC Plastic Surgery/Microsurgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Fellowships: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Hand, Upper Microsurgery, Memorial Sloan Extremity and Microsurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Kettering Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Microsurgery Cancer Reconstruction, University of Texas New York, NY M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX Clinical Interests: Clinical Interests: Microsurgery, oncologic Head to toe reconstructive surgery; breast reconstruction using autologous reconstruction, breast tissue and implants; hand surgery; limb preservation; microvascular reconstruction, lymphatic surgery, surgery; trunk reconstruction; vascularized composite allotransplantation facial surgery, general plastic Research Interests: surgery Advancements in the field of vascularized composite Research Interests: allotransplantation, tissue engineering and vascular perfusion ERAS protocols, patient reported assessment outcomes, breast reconstruction decision making SPACKusureosrlrilgfrsyeeitesarBs,yn.oMtrDof AAMsmDsi,ysPtFah.nDKtells, DNAsegsnuisnyteiasnnC,t.MD Residency: SPurorgfeesrsyor of SPurorgfeesrsyor of General Surgery, Mary Imogene Bassett Medical Center, Residency: Residency: Cooperstown, NY; Plastic Surgery, General Surgery, University Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado School of Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Washington University School of Medicine, Denver, CO Western Reserve University, Medicine, St. Louis, MO Fellowships: Cleveland, OH; Plastic Surgery, Fellowships: Hand and Microsurgery, Southern University of Texas Medical Branch, Peripheral Nerve Surgery Research, Illinois University School of Galveston, TX Washington University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL Fellowships: Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Clinical Interests: Plastic Hand, New York University Pediatric and Craniofacial Surgery, Hand and upper extremity surgery, School of Medicine, New York, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. limb salvage surgery, general NY; Orthopedic Hand, SUNY Louis, MO; Adult Reconstructive/ reconstructive surgery Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, Aesthetic Craniomaxillofacial, Research Interests: NY; Complex Wound, University Harvard University Medical School/ Outcomes research, Diversity, of Mississippi, Jackson, MI; Massachusetts General Hospital, Equity, and Inclusion in Medicine Microsurgery, University of Southern Boston, MA California, Los Angeles, CA Clinical Interests: Clinical Interests: Craniofacial, pediatric plastic and Hand surgery and wrist surgery, peripheral nerve surgery nerve injury, microsurgery, reconstructive plastic surgery 76 Washington University School of Medicine

New Faculty Division of Urologic Surgery SAAsupsntiesil,taMMn.Dt FAJrasassinoskntaeKnl,t. MD NoCAsfhosSatiutsritlrnaeggnsehtrUyaP.mro,feMsDsor SPurorgfeesrsyor of Professor of Surgery Residency: Residency: Residency: General Surgery, T.N. Medical General Surgery, University of Urology, University of Chicago College, Bombay University, Connecticut, Farmington, CT; Medicine, Chicago, IL Bombay, India Urology, University of Connecticut, Fellowships: Clinical Interests: Farmington, CT Endourology, Indiana University- General urology, kidney stones Fellowships: Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN Urologic Oncology, Virginia Mason Clinical Interests: KSAsaesnnisdntsea,tnhDtOG,. MBA Medical Center, Seattle, WA Urinary tract stone disease, benign SPurorgfeesrsyor of Clinical Interests: prostate hyperplasia, endourology Residency: Urologic Oncology, medical Research Interests: Urological Surgery, Sparrow education Surgical management of urinary Hospital- Michigan State University, Research Interests: tract symptoms in men with Lansing, MI Biomarker development to predict prostate and bladder cancer, long- Fellowships: patient response to immunotherapy term changes in kidney health in Endourology/Minimally Invasive in the treatment of urologic patients with kidney stones Surgery, Washington University malignancy, medical education, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO healthcare utilization and outcomes Division of Public Clinical Interests: research Health Sciences Urologic Surgery, endourology, minimally invasive surgery, LTAeshswoismitsaaJns.tIV, MD MEASPSuslarPiosrlzHeigfaseretbsnarseyonot,thrPoAhf.D, stone disease, benign prostatic PSurorgfeesrsyor of Graduate Education: hypertrophy (BPH) MS, PhD, University of Illinois at Research Interests: Residency: Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Cost analyses, patient safety and Urology, University of Iowa IL; MPH, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg quality improvement, stone disease, Hospitals and Clinic, Iowa City, IA School of Public Health, Baltimore, new technologies Fellowships: MD Urologic Oncology, Cleveland Research Interests: Clinic, Glickman Urologic and Physical activity research at the Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH intersection of cancer and aging; Clinical Interests: accelerated aging; implementation Urologic surgery of lifestyle behaviors into the Research Interests: standard of care Bladder and prostate cancer Department of Surgery 77

Leadership National and International Organizations Rebecca L. Aft, MD, PhD William C. Chapman, MD Timothy J. Eberlein, MD Jeffrey Moley Professor of Eugene M. Bricker Chair of Bixby Professor and Spencer T. Surgery Surgery; Professor and Chief, and Ann W. Olin Distinguished Member, Breast Committee, Section of Transplantation; Chief, Professor; Chair, Department Alliance for Clinical Trials Division of General Surgery; of Surgery; Director, Alvin J. Gerald L. Andriole, MD Surgical Director, Transplant Siteman Cancer Center Robert K. Royce Distinguished Center; Executive Vice-Chair, Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the Professor Chief, Division of Department of Surgery American College of Surgeons Urologic Surgery President, Southern Surgical Associate Editor, Annals of Board of Directors, Society Association Surgical Oncology of Urologic Oncology and its Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH Chair of American College of Clinical Trials Consortium (SUO- Niess-Gain Professor of Surgery; Surgeons Regents Anti-Racism CTC) Chief, Division of Public Health Committee Chairman, Prostate Cancer Sciences Shaina R. Eckhouse, MD Committee Advisor, National Cancer Assistant Professor of Surgery; Michael M. Awad, MD, PhD Institute Board of Scientific Associate Director, Washington Associate Professor of Surgery Advisors University Weight Loss Board of Governors, Society of Member, National Institutes of Surgery; Surgical Liaison, American Gastrointestinal and Health (NIH) Council of Councils BJH Perioperative Services Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., MD Leadership Treasurer, Association for Evarts A. Graham Professor President, ASMBS: Missouri Surgical Education (ASE) of Surgery; Chief, Division of State Chapter Jeffrey A. Blatnik, MD Cardiothoracic Surgery Sean C. Glasgow, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Board of Directors, American Associate Professor of Surgery Member, Board of Governors, Association for Thoracic Surgery Associate Editor, Diseases of the Americas Hernia Society Maria B. Majella Doyle, MD, Colon & Rectum Keith E. Brandt, MD MBA Editorial Board, Journal of William G. Hamm Professor of Distinguished Endowed Chair in Surgical Research Surgery Abdominal Transplant; Professor Mary E. Klingensmith, MD Executive Director, American of Surgery; Transplant Director, Mary Culver Distinguished Board of Plastic Surgery Liver Transplant, Barnes-Jewish Professor of Surgery; Vice Chair L. Michael Brunt, MD Hospital and St. Louis Children’s for Education Professor of Surgery; Chief, Hospital Vice President, American Board Section of Minimally Invasive Treasurer, The Americas of Surgery Surgery Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Editor-in-Chief, Surgical Council President, Central Surgical Association on Resident Education (SCORE) Association Nathan M. Droz, MD, Maj, Vice Chair, Committee on President-Elect, Fellowship USAF, MC Certification for the American Council Assistant Professor of Surgery Board of Medical Specialties Secretary, SAGES Education and United States Air Force CSTARS Piroska Kopar, MD Research Foundation Cadre Assistant Professor of Surgery President, Constortium for Surgical Ethics 78 Washington University School of Medicine

Leadership National and International Organizations Benjamin D. Kozower, MD, Terence M. Myckatyn, MD Adetunji T. Toriola, MD, PhD, MPH Professor of Surgery MPH Professor of Surgery; Vice-Chair, Board of Directors, Aesthetic Associate Professor of Surgery Patient Safety and Quality Surgery Education Research Chairperson, Executive Improvement Foundation Committee, ColoCare Study Chair, Society of Thoracic G. Alexander Patterson, MD Ramakrishna Venkatesh, MD, Surgeons (STS) Joseph C. Bancroft Professor of MS General Thoracic Surgery Surgery Professor of Surgery Database Taskforce Editor in Chief, Annals of Endourology Group Leader, H. Henry Lai, MD Thoracic Surgery American Urological Association Professor of Surgery and Mary C. Politi, PhD Office of Education Anesthesiology Professor of Surgery Member, Indian American Examination Committee, Vice Preseident and Patient Urological Association Editorial American Board of Urology Engagement Chair, Society for Board, Journal of Urology and Chair, NIH/NIDDK LURN Medical Decision Making Journal of Endourology Steering Committee, NIH/NIDDK Associate Editor, Medical Brad W. Warner, MD MAPP Research Network Decision Making Jessie L Ternberg MD PhD Erin Linnenbringer, PhD, MS Justin M. Sacks, MD, MBA Distinguished Professor of Assistant Professor of Surgery Professor of Surgery; Chief, Pediatric Surgery; Chief, Division Chair, Jane Engelberg Memorial Division of Plastic and of Pediatric Surgery Fellowship Advisory Group, Reconstructive Surgery; Sydney Director, American Pediatric National Society of Genetic M. Jr. and Robert H. Shoenberg Surgical Association Foundation Counselors Endowed Chair in Plastic and Julie A. Margenthaler, MD Reconstructive Surgery Professor of Surgery US Diplomate, European Plastic President-Elect, American Surgery Research Council Society of Breast Surgeons Jacqueline M. Saito, MD, MSCI Section Editor, Breast; Annals of Associate Professor of Surgery Surgical Oncology Chair, ACS Children’s Surgery Marc R. Moon, MD Data Committee (NSQIP- John M. Shoenberg Chair in Pediatric) Cardiovascular Disease; Chief, Radhika K. Smith, MD Cardiac Surgery; Director, Center Associate Professor of Surgery for Diseases of the Thoracic Program Chair, 2021 Annual Aorta Meeting, American Society of President, American Association Colon & Rectal Surgeons for Thoracic Surgery Matthew G. Mutch, MD Alison K. Snyder-Warwick, MD Solon and Bettie Gershman Chair Assistant Professor of Surgery in Surgery; Professor of Surgery; Secretary, Sir Charles Bell Chief, Section of Colon and Society Rectal Surgery Secretary-Treasurer, Plastic Secretary, Executive Council, Surgery Research Council American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of Surgery 79

Leadership National and International Awards Christopher T. Arett, MD, MBA Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH Nupam Mahajan, PhD Assistant Professor of Surgery Niess-Gain Professor of Surgery Professor of Surgery; Endowed Greenlight Center of Excellence Chief, Division of Public Health Professor of Urological Research; designation from Boston Sciences Director of Urological Research Scientific American College of Translational Science Award, Michael M. Awad, MD, PhD Epidemiology’s Lilienfeld Award Department of Defense Associate Professor of Surgery Timothy J. Eberlein, MD Congressionally Directed Medical Academy of Master Surgeon Bixby Professor and Spencer T. Research Programs Educators, American College of and Ann W. Olin Distinguished John E. Mazuski, MD, PhD Surgeons Professor; Chair, Department of Professor of Surgery L. Michael Brunt, MD Surgery; Director, Alvin J. Siteman 2020 Surgical Alumnus of the Chief, Section of Minimally Cancer Center Year, University of Minnesota Invasive Surgery Owen H. Wangensteen Dedication Mohamed A. Zayed, MD, PhD Distinguished Alumnus Award, of the Surgical Forum, American Associate Professor of Surgery and Johns Hopkins University Alumni College of Surgeons Scientific Radiology Association Forum Committee of the Division Fellow, American Heart 2020 Lifetime Achievement of Education Association Award, Barnes-Jewish Hospital Ying Liu, MD, PhD Academy of Science St. Louis Medical Staff Association Assistant Professor of Surgery Innovator Award American Cancer Society-Flatiron Health Real World Data Impact Award New Endowed Professorships Maria B. Majella Doyle, Ryan C. Fields, MD Susan E. Mackinnon, MD Justin M. Sacks, MD, MBA MD, MBA was named the was named the inaugural was appointed as the was named the Mid- inaugural recpient holder of the new Minot Sydney M. Jr. and Robert America Transplant/ of the Kim and Tim Packer Fryer Endowed H. Shoenberg Endowed Department of Surgery Eberlein Distinguished Chair of Plastic Surgery Chair in Plastic and Distinguished Endowed Professorship. in the Department of Reconstructive Surgery. Chair in Abdominal Surgery. Transplantation. 80 Washington University School of Medicine

Giving The Department of Surgery gratefully acknowledges the genorosity of the following donors: AAES Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Robert D. and Susan Fry Dr. and Mrs. Marc and Helen Aesthetic Surgery Education & Gateway for Cancer Research Rubenstein Research Foundation Dr. James Hamby Mr. David Sarama American Association for Hand Surgery Hand Surgery Endowment Drs. Kenneth D. and Margaret Serkes American Association for the Surgery Dr. and Mrs. David A. and Cheryl Hardy Society for Vascular Surgery of Trauma International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Foundation American Heart Association-Dallas Association Dr. and Mrs. Paul T. and Suzanne American Hepato Pancreato Biliary KCI Stockmann Association Mrs. Raymond Keltner Susan G. Komen for the Cure American Society for Surgery of the Dr. and Mrs. Ira J. and Barbara Ann The Emerson Collective Fund Hand Bottchen Kodner The Foundation for Barnes-Jewish American Society Reconstructive Dr. and Mrs. Nam Hoai and Cyndi Le Hospital Microsurgery Mr. and Mrs. Timothy S. and Margaret The Plastic Surgery Foundation Drs. Gerald L. and Dorothy A. Andriole B. MacGregor Dr. and Mrs. Matthew R. and Brooklyn AxoGen, Inc. Mid-America Transplant Foundation Thom Barrett Brown Foundation Midwest Stone Institute Dr. Lewis J. Thomas, Jr. The Estate of Ms. Candace Bennett Dr. Arthur Joseph Misischia Vascular Cures Drs. Sam Bipin and Rakhee Kapadia Drs. Jamie and Aaron Mull Dr. David Jeffrey Weil and Ms. Laurie J. Bhayani Dr. Seymour C. Nash Richards Dr. Thomas J. Blanke and Ms. Barbara Dr. George A. Oliver Dr. Yolanda Y. Yang Rebstock Dr. and Mrs. William Frank and Debra Drs. Laurence and Rupsa Yee Dr. and Mrs. Keith Eric and Tina Brandt F. Oppat Dr. Jennifer Yu Children’s Discovery Institute Dr. and Mrs. Harper D. and Geri Pearse Children’s Hospital Foundation- Mr. and Mrs. Jerry E. and Margaret A. To Make a Gift St. Louis Ritter Mr. Lurii Chyrka Ms. Kimberly J. Perry The Department of Surgery welcomes Dr. and Mrs. James John and Lynne Phi Beta Psi Charity Trust Fund your support. Ways to make a gift Clanahan Dr. George F. Reinhardt include annual unrestricted giving Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Anthony and such as membership in the Eliot Dr. and Mrs. John Stanley Dillon Patricia Reinkemeyer Society, gifts for education of residents Dr. and Mrs. Ryan C. and Laura Rising Tide Foundation for Clinical and fellows, support for research and Rothman Fields Cancer Research endowment, and planned gifts and Mr. and Ms. Zane and Anne Fleming Mr. Robert A. Rosenthal bequests. For additional information, Foundation for Surgical Fellowships please contact the Office of Medical Alumni and Development at (314) 935- 9690. Department of Surgery 81

Department of Surgery Partner Institutions OFFICE OF THE CHAIR The 1,500 specialty and primary care Timothy Eberlein, MD clinicians who make up Washington William K. Bixby Professor and Chair University Physicians comprise the Department of Surgery medical staffs at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children’s Hospital. Jamie Sauerburger Executive Director, Business Affairs Contact Phone: (314) 362-6770 surgery.wustl.edu [email protected] Ken Wamsley Director of Information Systems Washington University School of Medicine CoCo Farrell Digital Content Strategist CB 8109 William Morris Technical Writer and Editor 660 S. Euclid Ave. Catherine Blood Social Media Coordinator St. Louis, MO 63110 Liz Bayer Social Media Coordinator DIVISION OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY (314) 362-7260 Share on Twitter Section of Cardiac Surgery (314) 362-7260 Section of General Thoracic Surgery (314) 362-7260 @WashUSurgery | #WashUSurgery Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery (314) 454-6165 To view the annual report online, scan the QR code or DIVISION OF GENERAL SURGERY (314) 362-7792 visit surgery.wustl.edu. Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery (314) 747-2829 Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery (314) 454-7177 Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery (314) 747-0410 Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery (314) 454-8877 Section of Surgical Oncology (314) 362-2280 Section of Transplant Surgery (314) 747-9889 Secction of Vascular Surgery (314) 273-7373 DIVISION OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY (314) 454-6022 DIVISION OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (314) 362-7388 DIVISION OF PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES (314) 454-7940 DIVISION OF UROLOGIC SURGERY (314) 362-8200