Washington University Surgery 2021 Annual Report

Preventing Liver Injury From left: Emily Jean Onufer, MD, MPH, Brad Warner, MD. A recent study from Washington University from the intestine to the liver through the portal vein. Intestinal damage, such as in short bowel School of Medicine in St. Louis suggests that syndrome, allows for Gram negative bacteria to one type of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has produce inflammatory lipopolysaccharides which a previously unknown role in protecting the travel in the portal vein to stimulate hepatic liver from injury. This special type of “good fibrosis, cholestasis, and steatosis. As it makes cholesterol,” called HDL3, protects the liver by this journey, HDL3 binds to lipopolysaccharides, blocking inflammatory signals produced by preventing from activating harmful macrophages common gut bacteria. The study was published that cause inflammation in the liver. earlier this year in the journal Science. The findings of this study are the result of a Onufer, who is co-author on the Science years-long collaboration between Division publication, completed her research in the Chief of Pediatric Surgery Brad Warner, MD, Warner Laboratory, where she gathered data for and Gwendalyn Randolph, PhD, a professor in the R01 grant and forged connections with the the Department of Pathology & Immunology. Randolph Laboratory. Warner and Randolph are co-principal “Dr. Onufer is a diligent, methodical scientist,” investigators on an R01 grant studying the causes says Warner, who is chief surgeon at St. Louis of fatty liver disease in patients with short bowel Children’s Hospital. “She knew what questions syndrome. to ask and how to find the answers. Her hard “Removal of most of the short bowel is work and commitment to research invited the sometimes necessary to treat infants and children important collaboration that made this study with conditions like necrotizing enterocolitis,” possible.” says Warner, the Jessie L. Ternberg MD, PhD, “Identifying the protective neutralizing effect Distinguished Professor of Pediatric Surgery. of HDL3 against Gram negative bacteria allows “Short bowel syndrome is a condition that for further studies to utilize this form of ‘good arises following these procedures. This can lead cholesterol’ as a future therapy for short bowel tointestinal-failure associated liver disease, which syndrome patients given their risk of developing is a major morbidity that is poorly understood.” intestinal-failure liver disease,” says Onufer. “This While studying lymphatic transport of fat in collaboration truly exemplifies the importance of the intestine, general surgery resident Emily melding the expertise of surgeon scientists, like Jean Onufer, MD, MPH, saw that HDL3 travels Dr. Warner, with basic science research to target key clinical questions.” Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 51

Pediatric Surgery Highlights Top left: Pediatric urologist Douglas Coplen, MD, Clinical and Baddr Shaksheer, MD. The Division of Pediatric Surgery provides leading surgical care for newborns and children at St. Bottom left: Shannon Joerger, MD and Elizabeth Utterson, MD. Louis Children’s Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital. The Emergency and Trauma Center at St. Louis Children’s Hospital is nationally recognized by the American College of Surgeons as a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center. The Pediatric Colorectal Center offers multidisciplinary treatment for complex conditions including Hirschsprung disease and anorectal malformations. Washington University pediatric surgeons are expanding to local communities, with facilities in South St. Louis County, Springfield, Missouri, and additional locations, ensuring that patients across the region have access to the highest level of pediatric surgical care. Research Short gut syndrome is a condition in which the body cannot absorb enough fluids and nutrients because part of the bowel is missing or malfunctioning. The condition, also called short bowel syndrome, is among the most lethal in infancy and childhood. Division Chief Brad Warner, MD, alongside Division Chief of Gastroenterology Nicholas Davidson, MD, DSc, Professor of Medicine Deborah Rubin, MD, and Assistant Director of the McDonnell Genome Institute Li Ding, PhD, is leading a multi-PI project funded by an R01 grant from the NIH investigating liver injury after bowel resection in patients with short gut syndrome. Brad Warner, MD. Education Hannah Phelps, MD, a research resident in the laboratory of Division Chief Brad Warner, MD, received one of six Resident Research Scholarships from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) for 2021-2023 to study hepatic unfolded protein response in intestinal resection associated liver injury and fibrosis. The ACS scholarships are awarded to residents pursuing careers in academic surgery. “With the long-term career goal of becoming a pediatric surgeon-scientist, I look forward to the opportunity to work with and learn from this group of world-class researchers,” Phelps says of the Warner Laboratory. Hannah Phelps, MD. 52 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Delivering on Outcomes Research Washington University The GOOD Study, which is Jesse Vrecenak, MD. funded in part by the National pediatric surgeon Jesse Institute of Child Health & procedure, while larger defects Vrecenak, MD, is part of a Human Development (NICHD) require a staged reduction, multidisciplinary team of of the National Institutes of where the surgeon moves the experts at the Barnes-Jewish Health (NIH), aims to determine organs into the abdomen over Hospital Fetal Care Center who which of these delivery options a period of days before closing care for mothers and babies leads to the best outcomes for the hole. with birth defects, including patients. gastroschisis. Gastroschisis is “We are trying to pinpoint the Gastroschisis occurs in one a fetal condition affecting the ideal time of delivery for these out of every 4,000 births. The abdominal wall. While a fetus babies, who have a complex CDC notes that gastroschisis develops, the muscles and skin situation,” says Vrecenak. incidence is increasing, of the abdomen do not form “Inducing early labor may especially among younger correctly. This leaves a hole reduce the severity of the mothers. through which the intestines, gastroschisis but comes with the and other organs such as the risk of complications associated The GOOD Study is collecting stomach or liver, push to the with prematurity. Waiting the data from more than 20 outside. full term avoids the risks of participating locations. Each Vrecenak is site Principal prematurity, though there is a location, including the Fetal Investigator for the chance of the bowel becoming Care Center, is a member of the Gastroschisis Outcomes of more damaged. We want to find North American Fetal Therapy Delivery (GOOD) Study, a the right time to deliver for the Network (NAFTNet), an multi-center clinical trial best outcome for mother and association of medical centers researching the best time baby.” that perform advanced in-utero to deliver a baby with this After delivery, most newborns fetal therapeutic procedures. condition. The two standard with gastroschisis require The researchers plan to delivery options for newborns surgery to put the intestines generate the largest prospective, with gastroschisis include back inside the abdomen. Some multicenter database of inducing labor at 35 weeks smaller defects can be treated gastroschisis-related outcomes or allowing labor to begin with a single primary reduction in the United States, providing naturally. data for future development of hypotheses and study designs regarding gastroschisis-related outcomes. Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 53

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division of Right: Justin Sacks, MD, MBA. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Plastic and reconstructive surgeons are experts in craniofacial, aesthetic, breast and general reconstructive, gender affirming, hand, limb preservation, lymphedema, nerve and pediatric plastic surgeries. The division is an international center for nerve injury and pioneer of peripheral nerve transfers. Faculty are leaders in basic, translational and clinical research, including clinical outcomes research and bench-to-bedside discoveries in nerve research and tissue engineering. Building on a legacy of training leaders and innovators, the division’s residency and fellowship programs offer comprehensive training, outstanding mentorship and exposure to advanced surgical technology. 4,304 5,851 operating room cases office procedures 37,765 141 visits clinical research studies 20 $791,777 faculty research funding 54 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

From left: Rachel Anolik, MD, Justin Sacks, MD, MBA, Joani Christensen, MD. Leading in Microsurgery Washington University plastic and Anolik. “Our state-of-the-art multidisciplinary lymphedema treatment program offers reconstructive surgeons perform head-to-toe conservative, medical, and therapeutic corrective and cosmetic surgery across 10 clinical management. Our partners in therapy are programs: aesthetic, breast reconstruction, crucial for baseline lymphedema measurements, craniofacial, general reconstruction, hand, limb preoperative optimization, postoperative therapy preservation, lymphedema, nerve, pediatric and limb volume surveillance.” plastic and gender affirming surgery. Many In breast reconstruction, many patients utilize of these areas of focus require expertise in their own tissue from other parts of the body, microsurgery, a discipline that uses specialized rather than having implants. Sacks, an expert in operating microscopes and precision instruments cancer reconstruction microsurgery, has seen to repair intricate structures smaller than a few a significant increase in the clinical volume of millimeters in diameter. The growing team breast reconstruction surgery in the past year. of microsurgeons in the Division of Plastic Partnerships with surgical oncologists and other and Reconstructive Surgery restores form and providers across the medical school, hospital function to an increasing number of breast system and Siteman Cancer Center enable surgery, limb preservation and lymphedema Washington University plastic and reconstructive patients. surgeons to provide the desired types of surgery “With the recent introduction of additional and outcomes for women who choose breast faculty with fellowship training in microvascular reconstruction after cancer surgery. surgery, we are able to build on the existing The division extends its microsurgical expertise breadth of plastic and reconstructive surgery to its training programs through a new services at Washington University,” says Division microsurgery fellowship program in partnership Chief of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Justin with the Department of Orthopedic Surgery. The Sacks, MD, MBA. Washington University Plastic and Orthopedic The microsurgery faculty now includes Rachel Reconstructive Microsurgery Fellowship Anolik, MD, who completed a microsurgery Program provides broad microsurgical training, fellowship at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer with an emphasis on limb reconstruction, Center before joining the department in 2020, lymphedema surgery and cancer reconstruction. and Joani Christensen, MD, who joins the “Washington University plastic and reconstructive department in 2021 after completing a fellowship surgeons have trained at the premier medical in microvascular reconstruction at M.D. Anderson schools and cancer centers in the country, Cancer Center. bringing clinical expertise to our patients, Sacks, who is the Shoenberg Endowed Chair depth to our training programs and rigor to our in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, notes research programs,” says Sacks. “The Division that Anolik has been an instrumental partner of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery has in developing a novel multidisciplinary historically played a critical role in developing lymphedema program at the School of Medicine. the specialty. We are continuing this tradition of “Improving the quality of life for patients excellence at Washington University today and with lymphedema is central to our goal,” says into the future.” Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 55

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Highlights Clinical Washington University plastic and reconstructive, acute and critical care, and vascular surgeons are leading the multidisciplinary Limb Preservation Program at the School of Medicine. Co- Director John Felder, MD, leads the plastic and reconstructive area of limb preservation, saving limbs with microvascular reconstructive surgery. The goal of the program is to restore form and function to patients who might otherwise require amputation due to vascular disease, trauma or other limb-threatening conditions. For patients who do require amputation, Felder ensures the highest level of function and reduces pain in the affected limb through nerve transfer procedures. John Felder, MD. Research Xiaowei Li, PhD, an accomplished researcher with expertise in biomaterials, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, joined the division in June 2021. Li, who was awarded the American Heart Association Career Development Award in 2018, is developing biomaterials approaches to improve stem cell therapies and applying biomaterial platforms to promote tissue regeneration. Li and Division Chief of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Justin Sacks, MD, MBA, previously collaborated on research focused on soft tissue regeneration at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, where Li was a postdoctoral fellow and assistant research scientist. “The arrival of Dr. Li marks an exciting period of growth for the Plastic Surgery Research Laboratories,” says Sacks. Xiaowei Li, PhD. Education The Plastic Surgery Residency Program, led by Program Director Alison Snyder-Warwick, MD, and Associate Program Director Kelly Currie, MD, provides clinical training in breast, craniofacial, head/ neck trauma, hand, microsurgery, cosmetics and peripheral nerve surgery. The program has trained residents for over a century and continues to grow and innovate in surgical education. More than 20 residents currently train in the program, which offers a high volume of diverse operative experience, and broad basic, translational and clinical research opportunities. “It is very rewarding to watch residents bloom into exceptionally competent, innovative and confident leaders in plastic surgery during their training,” says Snyder-Warwick, who is also Director of the Facial Nerve Institute and Co-Director of the Cleft and Craniofacial Institute at St. Louis Children’s Hospital. Alison Snyder-Warwick, MD. 56 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

A Powerhouse of Plastic Surgery Research From left: Xiaowei Li, PhD, Amanda Westman, PhD, Matthew Wood, PhD. Research in the Division of Reconstructive Surgery,” says book chapter, titled “Neuroma Sacks, who is the Shoenberg Pathology: The Role of Plastic and Reconstructive Professor of Plastic and Histologic Analysis,” in 2020. Surgery aims to improve patient Reconstructive Surgery. “We “As part of our effort to think care in each of the division’s are growing our research about problems in plastic 10 areas of clinical focus programs to complement all of surgery in ways that others through the most advanced the division’s clinical programs. have not, we are recruiting and basic science, translational and This institution is a powerhouse building a team for diverse clinical studies. Three full- of plastic surgery research.” ideas,” says Wood. “We have new time independent investigators Scientific Director of the Plastic team members that will help us lead the research programs Surgery Research Laboratories growth research programs to in the division, collaborating (PSRL) Matthew Wood, complement our core clinical with clinical faculty to solve PhD, leads a consortium of programs.” problems in truly bench-to- investigators with the common Among the new members of bedside fashion. objective of studying the the division’s research program Director of Clinical and pathology, mechanisms and is Xiaowei Li, PhD, who joins Translational Research Amanda prospective clinical treatments the Division of Plastic and Westman, PhD, focuses on for the problems facing plastic Reconstructive Surgery as an translating novel technologies and reconstructive surgeons assistant professor of surgery. to the clinical setting using in today. The PSRL contains His research aims to create vivo studies and computational over 2,000 square feet of lab bioengineering platforms for models. Westman and space and has the research nervous tissue regeneration Division Chief of Plastic and infrastructure to perform after injuries or diseases. Reconstructive Surgery Justin the highest level of basic “Together, Matt Wood and Sacks, MD, MBA, are leading science investigation in tissue Amanda Westman have research on a single-use engineering, immunology developed the research disposable device capable of and nerve physiology. PSRL infrastructure to support future performing continuous bedside researchers have been discoveries and innovations pressure monitoring. Sacks and continuously NIH-funded in plastic and reconstructive Westman received a 2021-22 since 1993, and have published surgery,” says Sacks. “Our Big Ideas Competition grant more than 1,000 peer-reviewed research fellows, investigators, from BJC HealthCare and the articles and several dozen clinical faculty and trainees School of Medicine to translate books and chapters. Wood and benefit from having access to an the device, which prevents senior scientist Dan Hunter, organized, structured program pressure ulcer development and who are investigating the role of basic, translational and progression, to clinical use. of T cells in nerve injury and clinical research.” “It is an exciting time to be part regeneration, are among the of the Division of Plastic and nation’s leaders in neuroma research. The team published a Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 57

Division of Public Health Sciences Division of Graham Colditz, MD, DrPH. Public Health Sciences The Division of Public Health Sciences provides a platform for investigators across disciplines to collaborate on projects affecting clinical care and outcomes. Faculty are epidemiologists, statisticians, behavioral scientists, economists, health communication scientists and more who address a range of population health challenges. Their aim is to prevent cancer and other diseases, promote population health and improve quality and access to health care in the region. The division also offers a Master of Population Health Sciences (MPHS) degree program for training in population-based clinical outcomes research. 16 21 MPHS graduates MPHS students 225 159 publications clinical research studies 27 $13,605,192 faculty research funding 58 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Reducing Breast Cancer Risk Adetunji Toriola, MD, PhD. Breast cancer is the most common cause of Decreasing breast density is the focus of a new Phase II clinical trial led by Toriola at Washington cancer among women in the United States, except University School of Medicine in St. Louis. for skin cancers. One in eight American women The trial, supported by a $3 million grant from will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, and the National Cancer Institute of the NIH, will the American Cancer Society estimates over investigate the use of an osteoporosis drug for 43,000 women will die from breast cancer in its potential to reduce breast density. Currently, 2021. Preventing breast cancer and understanding the only preventive therapy for these high-risk its risk factors are key areas of investigation for women is the chemotherapy drug tamoxifen, the Division of Public Health Sciences. which can have serious side effects for some About 25% of breast cancer cases occur in women patients. This new therapy could help reduce the under 50. Breast density—the relative amount of risk of breast cancer with fewer undesirable side glandular, connective and fat tissue as seen on a effects. mammogram—is one of the strongest risk factors “The safety and effectiveness of this drug is for breast cancer, especially in premenopausal well established in its use as an FDA-approved women. Associate Professor of Surgery Adetunji therapy to prevent osteoporosis and bone Toriola, MD, PhD, is principal investigator fractures in older women,” says Toriola, principal on an R01 grant from the National Institutes investigator on this prevention trial. “It is given of Health (NIH) to study the metabolomics of as an injection under the skin in the upper arm, mammographic breast density. upper thigh or stomach area, but it only needs to “A decrease in breast density leads to a be administered every six months, rather than reduction in breast cancer incidence,” says daily like tamoxifen. So we hope that denosumab Toriola. “Nevertheless, the molecular basis will provide an additional prevention option for of mammographic breast density and the women with dense breasts who are at high risk of mechanisms through which dense breast developing breast cancer.” increases breast cancer risk are poorly In addition to leading research in breast cancer understood.” prevention, faculty in the Division of Public Toriola aims to leverage state-of-the-art Health Sciences promotes mammography metabolomics research to uncover the molecular screening and patient education with community mechanisms, biological pathways and novel outreach programs through partnerships with actionable biomarkers associated with breast Siteman Cancer Center and community partners density in premenopausal women. across the St. Louis area. Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 59

Public Health Sciences Highlights Mary Politi, PhD. Clinical The Division of Public Health Sciences aims to improve the health equity of the St. Louis area by educating patients, addressing financial toxicity in health careand increasing access to cancer screening across the region. Professors of Surgery Bettina Drake, PhD, MPH, Aimee James, PhD, MPH, and Mary Politi, PhD, are leading collaborative projects to improve patient health. The Program for the Elimination of Cancer Disparities (PECaD) partners with community leaders to highlight the importance of cancer screenings. The division has developed a lung cancer screening toolkit for use by primary care providers in local communities. Ongoing projects examine the burden of financial toxicity in cancer treatment and other areas of patient care. Research Joy Jiang, PhD. Joy Jiang, PhD, assistant professor of surgery in the Division of Public Health Sciences, received a four-year $1.35 million MERIT award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for her project “Dynamic prediction incorporating time- varying covariates for the onset of breast cancer.” The project aims to improve breast cancer risk assessment by examining personalized, individual-specific datathat may change over time. Jiang and Division Chief of Public Health Sciences Graham Colditz, MD, DrPH, developed a method of improving risk prediction based on mammogram data, supported by funding Colditz received from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and published this year in Biostatistics. Education The division’s Master of Population Health Sciences degree program continues to benefit surgical trainees interested in pursuing public health research during their lab years. General Surgery lab resident Brendan Heiden, MD, MPHS, initiated lung transplantation research during a course studying risk prediction, offered by Associate Professor of Surgery Yikyung Park, ScD. This research has led to multiple publications and presentations, as well as the development of an onlinecalculator, in collaboration with thoracic surgeon Varun Puri, MD, MSCI, to help physicians rapidly determine if a donor lung is likely to be eligible for transplant. Yikyung Park, ScD. 60 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

activity and the ability to maintain cognitive function among breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Physical Activity and Elizabeth Salerno, PhD, MPH. “Cognitive decline related to cancer treatment is a growing Cancer Survival clinical concern,” says Salerno. “Some patients with cancer Researchers at Washington steps in this research include experience memory lapses, identifying the underlying difficulty concentrating or University School of Medicine reasons for this association trouble finding the right in St. Louis have identified and developing potential word to finish a sentence. important associations between interventions to target walking Knowing the detrimental physical activity and cancer- pace after cancer. effects of chemotherapy on related outcomes. Elizabeth “Cancer survivors are living cognitive function, we wanted Salerno, PhD, MPH, assistant longer than ever –and that’s to understand the dynamic professor of surgery in the good news,” says Salerno, who relationships between physical Division of Public Health conducted this research while a activity and cognition before, Sciences, is first author on two postdoctoral researcher at the during and after chemotherapy key studies examining physical National Cancer Institute (NCI). to hopefully inform early, cost- activityand cancer, published “But it’s important to improve effective prevention strategies this year. our understanding of how the to promote health in these The first study, published diagnosis and treatment of a patients. Our findings suggest in Cancer Epidemiology, broad range of cancers may that maintaining higher levels Biomarkers & Prevention, affect walking pace during of physical activity may indeed a journal of the American survivorship —a potentially be important for protecting Association for Cancer modifiable risk factor —which cognition in patients with Research, found an association could lead to new treatment breast cancer undergoing between slow walking pace and rehabilitation strategies chemotherapy.” and an increased risk of death to improve the health of these This research lays the among cancer survivors. The patients.” groundwork for future clinical slowest walking pace was linked The relationship between trials toinvestigate whether to mortality among survivors physical activity and cognitive exercise can prevent what of nine cancer types, including function after chemotherapy is is commonly referred to as breast, colon, melanoma, Non- the focus of the second study, “chemo brain,” a decline in Hodgkin lymphoma, oral, published in the Journal of cognitive function many breast prostate, rectal, respiratory Clinical Oncology. Researchers cancer patients experience. and urinary cancers. Cancer at the School of Medicine, in “These findings contribute to survivors with mobility collaboration with Rochester the growing body of evidence disability were at more than Medical Center and the NCI, highlighting the importance five times greater risk of death found a strong association of promoting physical activity than individuals with no cancer between high levels of physical as early as possible across the diagnosis or disability. The next continuum of cancer care,”says Salerno. “Cancer survivors are living longer than ever – and that’s good news.\" -Elizabeth Salerno, PhD, MPH Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 61

Division of Urologic Surgery Division of From left: Gerald Andriole, MD, Nicholas Pickersgill, MD, and Eric Kim, MD. Urologic Surgery Sam Bhayani, MD, MS. Faculty in this division are leaders in the field of urology and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Urologists offer a range of treatment options, both surgical and nonsurgical, for medical conditions of the urogenital tract, including the prostate and testicles in males and the kidneys and bladder in both males and females. The division is also nationally recognized for its research on detecting and determining the level of risk of prostate cancer. The urology residency and fellowship programs train outstanding physicians through the expertise of fellowship-trained faculty, high volume, diversity of cases and spirit of inquiry. 7,793 12,455 operating room cases office procedures 48,632 70 visits clinical research studies 26 $4,879,404 faculty research funding 62 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Personalizing Urologic Cancer Care Washington University urologists are leading From left: Eric Kim, MD, R. Sherburne Figenshau, MD. clinical investigations targeted towards “We are trying to understand who will respond to developing more personalized cancer care. which therapy,” says Smith. “When we can predict Clinical studies in the division continue to how you will respond to immunotherapy or advance methods of diagnosing and treating chemotherapy, we can develop truly personalized urologic cancers. medicine for patients with urologic cancers.” Eric Kim, MD, is principal investigator of a study Smith, radiation oncologist Aadel Chaudhuri, evaluating the use of Diffusion Basis Spectrum MD, PhD, and medical oncologist Vivek Arora, Imaging (DBSI) for early detection of prostate MD, PhD, are developing a urine test to study the cancer. DBSI is a novel MRI parameter that may DNA of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients help urologists detect prostate cancer sooner and treated with radical cystectomy. determine appropriate treatment. “For bladder cancer, if a urine biopsy can Focal ablation allows physicians to target only detect whether the early chemotherapy totally the cancerous portion of the prostate for patients eradicated the tumor, it could help some patients with localized cancer. Washington University avoid major surgery to remove the bladder,” says urologists, including Kim and Arjun Sivaraman, Chaudhuri. MD, MBBH, MS, MCH, are participating in a While there are existing urine tests that can help multi-center study to determine the efficacy of identify bladder cancer, these can be imprecise. using MRI/ultrasound fusion imaging technology Cystoscopy is more precise, but also more to direct focal ablation of prostate tissue using invasive. A DNA-based urine test could prove nanoparticle-directed laser ablation. to be more sensitive by identifying any residual Zachary Smith, MD, and a multidisciplinary disease following cystectomy, and more specific team of researchers are investigating the ability than other urine tests, which can provide false- of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy to positive results. improve the condition of patients with initially “Personalized cancer care means that we will unresectable kidney cancer. After receiving this be able to tailor our treatment plan to each immunotherapy, some patients were able to individual,” says Division Chief Gerald Andriole, undergo cytoreductive nephrectomy. Future MD, the Robert K. Royce Distinguished Professor studies aim to predict which patients will of Urologic Surgery. “We have excellent respond to immunotherapy and become surgical treatment options, and these advances will help candidates. us know in advance which will work best for each patient.” Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 63

Urologic Surgery Highlights Clinical In a multi-year effort, the Division of Urologic Surgery and BJC HealthCare have united to provide world-class Washington University urologic care at nine clinical locations across the St. Louis area and Illinois. This ongoing partnership aims to enhance quality of care, increase access to health services and reduce the total cost of care across the hospital system. “By providing the same high level of urologic care at each location, we can standardize care for patients on both sides of the river,” says Division Chief Gerald Andriole, MD, the Robert K. Royce Distinguished Professor of Urologic Surgery, who led the initiative. Gerald Andriole, MD. Research Washington University urologist Alana Desai, MD, is leading a study to examine stent-associated pain in urinary stone disease patients after ureteroscopy. “Stone disease can be painful enough,” Desai says. “If we can identify those at risk for severe stent pain, we can better address their pain through future studies.” Desai and Professor of Surgery Henry Lai, MD, are co-principal investigators on multiple projects investigating urinary stone disease prevention, symptoms and treatment, funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Urinary Stone Disease Research Network. Alana Desai, MD. From left: Cayce Nawaf, MD, and Zachary Smith, MD. Education The Division of Urology now offers a Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO) Fellowship led by Program Director Zachary Smith, MD. The SUO-accredited fellowship provides in-depth experience in open, laparoscopic, robotic and reoperative surgery for all urologic cancers. Fellows collaborate with radiation oncologists and medical oncologists for comprehensive training in every aspect of urologic malignancy. The two-year program, which accepts one fellow per year, comprises one year of clinical and one year of research experience. Cayce Nawaf, MD, the inaugural fellow, completed urology residency training at Yale School of Medicine. 64 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

1o0f 0UrYoelaorgsy Training From left: Kefu Du, MD, Erica Traxel, MD, Jason Frankel, MD. In 1921, the Washington division and program with such inequities in access to medical a rich history.” care. University Urology Residency In its hundredth year, the Traxel and Frankel aim to Program accepted its first residency program builds on bring a new level of academic intern. The program celebrates this rich history by training structure to urologic training. its centennial by recognizing residents in the latest techniques Frankel is completing a historical contributions to field and technologies. At the graduate degree in education. of urology and continuing Washington University Institute In 2020, Traxel was inducted this tradition of excellence in for Surgical Education (WISE), to the Academy of Educators at urologic training. trainees practice complex the School of Medicine. Traxel Over the past century, procedures, such as partial has also been a member of Washington University nephrectomy and robotic the Office of Medical School School of Medicine has prostatectomy. Expert faculty Education Gateway Curriculum become a national leader in lead skills labs in endourology Immersion development team. urologic surgery. Faculty have and other areas of urologic “It takes more than training continuously made major specialization, introducing someone to understand a contributions to patient care, residents to the newest disease process or steps of an from pioneering transurethral innovations in technique. operation,” says Traxel. “We are prostatic resection to “The landscape of residency training residents to see patients introducing techniques for training has changed as human beings. We are ileal conduit urinary diversion significantly over the training residents to maintain and developing PSA testing for past hundred years,” says their own wellness. Washington prostate cancer. Washington Assistant Program Director University is expanding the University urologists were also Jason Frankel, MD. “We scope of urologic education and early leaders in laparoscopic are developing educational training.” surgery, performing the first programming and pedagogy. laparoscopic nephrectomy in We are becoming more “Washington University 1990. Faculty today continue intentional about the way we Urology has been on the to advance new approaches to train the next generation of cutting-edge since urology all forms of urologic cancers, urologists.” became a field. I am proud minimally invasive surgery, Assistant Professor of Surgery to be part of a division and reconstructive urology, stone Kefu Du, MD, has formalized program with such a rich disease, men’s health problems robotics curriculum in history.” and other conditions. the division. Faculty offer “Washington University Urology conferences dedicated to patient -Erica Traxel, MD has been on the cutting- safety and quality improvement. edge since urology became a Residents receive training field,” says Urology Residency to understand and address Program Director Erica Traxel, MD. “I am proud to be part of a Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 65

Top left: Bettina Drake, PhD, MPH, right, speaks to “I would suggest a community member during a cancer prevention that all of us in event in East St. Louis. the Department of Top right: Members of the Division of Urologic Surgery Surgery have a fourth stand together at the White Coats for Black Lives mission: to improve protest in June 2020. Bottom left: Muhammad Faraz Masood, MD, (third from right) and his surgical team during a procedure. Bottom right: Katherine Glover-Collins, MD, PhD, with a patient in North County St. Louis. Oluseye Oduyale, MD, left, and Tiffany Brocke, MD, the diversity of our during a thyroid lab in the WISE Center. specialty as well as to improve the health equity of all the patients we serve.-Timothy Eberlein, MD, Chair of the Department of ”Surgery, Senior Associate Dean for Cancer Programs, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Director of Siteman Cancer Center 66 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion “Diversity in healthcare “The Department of “We have an opportunity providers inspires a sense Surgery addresses as a profession to of comfort and pride disparities in healthcare improve our diversity, in the patients we take in the North County improve the pipeline care of. To be able to area… By building the of surgeons of color, to recognize and be cared Siteman Cancer Center represent the population for by providers look in North County, we can of the United States.” like them and may come bring the access that is -Timothy Eberlein, MD, from similar backgrounds sorely needed.” Chair of the Department of does a lot to increase - Katherine L. Glover-Collins, Surgery, Senior Associate the quality of healthcare MD, PhD, Assistant Professor Dean for Cancer Programs, we are providing, but it of Surgical Oncology Washington University also helps dismantle the School of Medicine in St. distrust unrepresented “Diversity is necessary in Louis, Director of Siteman minorities have with the every walk of life. We all Cancer Center health care system.” do better when we have – Nicholas Pickersgill, MD, the influences from all “Washington University Urology Resident areas and cultures.” is really on the forefront -Majella Doyle, MD, MBA, of actually addressing “Addressing disparities Mid-America Transplant/ healthcare for those in research and in Department of Surgery who are vulnerable or healthcare is just the Distinguished Endowed disadvantaged.” right thing to do… Chair in Abdominal -Will Ross, MD, MPH, Promoting health equity Transplantation Associate Dean for Diversity, is really one of the things Washington University we can all do. Whether School of Medicine you are focused on policy or you are a surgeon or a “I think we have done basic scientist, it’s one of great work in ensuring the things that each and that surgery is a place everyone one of us can that welcomes people contribute in the fields who are different and we currently work in.” that benefits our patients -Bettina Drake, PhD, MPH, since they can see Professor of Surgery themselves reflected in their care providers.” -Jorge Zárate Rodriguez, MD, General Surgery Resident Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 “The Department of Surgery has really developed programs in all these communities where we are trying to reduce disparities and improve health equity.” - Timothy Eberlein, MD, Chair of the Department of Surgery, Senior Associate Dean for Cancer Programs, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Director of Siteman Cancer Center From left: Justin Sacks, MD, MBA, Ida Fox, MD, Thomas Tung, MD, and Joani Christensen, MD. 67

OUR MISSION IN ACTION: Washington University Surgery at Homer G. Phillips Hospital The Washington University Medical Campus, circa 1931. The global COVID-19 pandemic and recent University Department of Surgery faculty led lectures and workshops for Homer G. Phillips social injustices have increased national Hospital trainees and performed surgery for the awareness of the need for health equity in hospital’s patients. Graham is frequently credited underserved communities and diversity in for keeping the hospital open through periods institutions including health care systems. At of turmoil, providing consulting services to Washington University School of Medicine in St. physicians and ensuring the highest level of care Louis, departmental and institutional leaders are for patients. addressing these vital issues through advances in clinical, research and educational programs. The With Graham’s support, Robert Elman, MD, Department of Surgery, which this year hosted who was world-renowned for his research in the 31st Annual Meeting of the Society of Black pancreatitis and amino acids, was named chief Academic Surgeons, has a longstanding history of staff and director of surgery at Homer G. of leading the charge in health care equity and Phillips Hospital in 1937. In 1941, William Sinkler, diversity. MD, became medical director of the hospital. A When Homer G. Phillips Hospital opened its distinguished Washington University surgeon, doors in 1937, it was the only hospital in St. Sinkler was appointed head of surgery in 1956. Louis to offer learning opportunities and clinical Elman, Sinkler and other remarkable surgeons experience to African American doctors. At a led the hospital in training Black physicians and time when health care was segregated and Black caring for patients in St. Louis. patients did not have access to the same quality treatment as white patients, Homer G. Phillips “At the height of Homer G. Phillips Hospital, Hospital improved access to high quality care fifty percent of all Black graduates from medical and became an essential part of the St. Louis schools in the United States came through Homer community. Washington University surgeons G. Phillips Hospital,” says Timothy Eberlein, made significant contributions to the training MD, the William K. Bixby Professor and Chair of physicians and treatment of patients at the of the Department of Surgery. “It was the team hospital until it closed its doors in 1979. of Sinkler and Elman who were responsible for Evarts Graham, MD, the first Bixby Professor demanding excellence in all areas of training.” and full-time chair of the Department of Surgery at Washington University School of One of the outstanding trainees from that era was Medicine, taught residents at Homer G. Phillips LaSalle Leffall, Jr., MD, who went on to serve as Hospital. Graham’s career was marked by many President of the American College of Surgeons outstanding achievements, including the first (ACS) and was chair of surgery at Howard successful pneumonectomy for cancer in 1933 University College of Medicine for 25 years. The and research linking cigarette smoke and lung ACS describes Leffall as “a brilliant surgeon, cancer. Under Graham’s leadership, Washington oncologist, medical educator, civic leader, patient advocate, and mentor to the students and residents he trained.” His experience training 68 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

at one of the few institutions open to Black Panaromic composite of the Washington University Medical School and physicians at the time had a profound impact on its facilities, circa 1915. Leffall’s career as a surgeon and educator. The Legacy Continues “You have to realize that this was one of only four Timothy Eberlein, MD, joins the places in America where a black surgeon could be Department of Surgery as Bixby Professor trained,” Leffall told Eberlein when the two visited and chair in 1998, with a commitment to the site of Homer G. Phillips Hospital together improving the health equity of the St. Louis years ago. community The story of Washington University surgeons The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center is at Homer G. Phillips Hospital continued for the established in 1999, with Eberlein named duration of the hospital’s existence. Department director of Surgery faculty, including Graham’s successor The Division of Public Health Sciences Carl Moyer, MD, were champions of the hospital conducts world-leading research, education and its training programs. Like Leffall, many of and outreach to prevent cancer, promote the surgical residents from Homer G. Phillips population health, and improve access to Hospital went on to provide the highest quality health care in Missouri and beyond of care for patients locally and nationally, The Program for the Elimination of Cancer transforming the landscape of medicine. Disparities, led by the Division of Public “In order to have a successful, diverse community Health Sciences and Siteman Cancer Center, of surgeons, we need to open doors, mentor is recognized by the National Cancer and be sponsors,” says Eberlein. “We have an Institute as a national model for eliminating opportunity as a profession to improve our local and regional disparities in cancer diversity to represent the population in the education, prevention and treatment United States. While resources may grow or be Siteman Cancer Center opens a satellite cut back, we have to be responsible for making facility at Christian Hospital in north St. permanent partnerships in our community.” Louis County, engaging with community leaders to provide patient education, cancer screening and state-of-the-art clinical care The Department of Surgery offers a Diversity Sub-Internship Program to support minority student experiences in academic surgery Washington University surgeons provide clinical care at 21 locations across the region, bringing access to the highest quality of care to local communities Homer G. Phillips Hospital, the city's only public hospital that served the city's Black residents. The institution was in operation from 1937 to 1979. Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 69

Celebrating Diversity in Surgery with the Society of Black Academic Surgeons From left: Past SBAS President Anthony Stallion, MD, Past President Martin Karpeh, Jr., MD, Local Program Chair Dineo Khabele, MD, Secretary Luz Rodriguez, MD, President-elect Carla Pugh, MD, PhD, President Andrea Hayes-Jordan, MD, Executive Director L. D. Britt, MD, MPH, Department Chair Timothy Eberlein, MD, and Chancellor Andrew Martin, PhD. The Department of Surgery country to safely gather to view the Department of Surgery the sessions in person or stream panelists, executive leaders and had the distinguished honor the sessions live. Presenting experts from throughout the of hosting the Society of Black faculty members provided institution contributed to the Academic Surgeons’ 31st Annual answers to audience members’ event. Meeting, held September 16- questions after each panel. During the meeting’s clinical 19 at Washington University Timothy Eberlein, MD, Bixby panel, Maria B. Majella Doyle, School of Medicine in St. Louis. Professor & Chair of the MD, MBA, the Mid-America Since the Society of Black Department of Surgery, kicked Transplant/Department Academic Surgeons’ off the day by welcoming the of Surgery Distinguished establishment in 1989, the attendees and reminding them Endowed Chair in Abdominal organization supports Black of the department’s three-part Transplantation, spotlighted and other underrepresented mission in patient care, research the Department of Surgery’s faculty, trainees and students and education excellence. clinical growth and innovations in surgical subspecialties across “I would suggest that the in transplant surgery. the nation. The Society seeks to Department of Surgery has a Sam Bhayani, MD, the increase the number of Black fourth mission: to improve the Holekamp Family Endowed and underrepresented minority diversity of our department, our Chief of Urologic Surgery and faculty in academic surgery, leadership as well as to improve Chief Medical Officer of the cultivate the development of the health equity of the patients Faculty Practice Plan, showcased surgical scientists, promote we serve,” says Eberlein. the Faculty Practice Plan’s its members to leadership The meeting’s comprehensive growth and clinical impact on positions in America and program showcased esteemed the region and highlighted the throughout the world, and basic, clinical and translational Urology team’s advancements eliminate health disparities research taking place within in the treatment of renal cell for the most vulnerable the Department of Surgery cancers. populations. and throughout the medical Puja Kachroo, MD, Assistant The meeting was hosted in a campus. In addition to Professor of Cardiac hybrid format, allowing for discussions spearheaded by Surgery and Co-Director professionals from around the 70 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

of Transcatheter Therapies and Research, concluded the clinical panel by amplifying the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement program’s multidisciplinary approach and outcomes. The research panel was kicked From left: Maria B. Majella Doyle, MD, MBA, Sam Bhayani, MD, MS, Puja Kachroo, MD, and off by Ryan Fields, MD, Chief Dineo Khabele, MD, during a panel discussion. of Surgical Oncology and Kim & Tim Eberlein Distinguished Professor of Hepatobiliary- Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery. Fields outlined the Department of Surgery’s diversified research portfolio and additionally discussed how patient-derived xenograft models impact precision medicine in metastatic colorectal cancer treatment. “If we all work together, we The final panel of the Friday the mission of CHESS and how will be able to nationally session was kicked off by Shaina to tackle some of the current impact the diversity of Eckhouse, MD, Associate ethical challenges facing our physician and surgeon Professor of Minimally Invasive surgeons and other medical pool but also improve the Surgery. In her presentation, professionals. health equity of those we Eckhouse outlined methods for To conclude the day’s meeting, serve. It is a vital mission incorporating formal patient Dr. Eberlein showcased the and I look forward to safety and quality improvement intertwining history of the working with our entire efforts into busy academic and Department of Surgery and team to accomplish.” clinical practices. the former Homer G. Phillips Bettina Drake, PhD, MPH, Hospital. Though the facility -Timothy Eberlein, MD Professor of Surgery in the closed in the late 1970s, the Division of Public Health mission at the core of Homer Daniel Kreisel, MD, PhD, Sciences, highlighted the G. Phillips Hospital is very Professor of Cardiothoracic efforts of the Program for much evident and persistent Surgery, Pathology and the Elimination of Cancer in the Department of Surgery Immunology and Surgical Disparities and its partners. as it continues to address Director of the Lung Transplant The program is dedicated to the disparities in health care Program, highlighted the assuring all cancer patients throughout the city region and institution’s advancements and communities benefit beyond. in lung transplantation and from the clinical and scientific “We have an opportunity immunology focused research. advances at Siteman Cancer as a profession to improve Mohamed Zayed, MD, PhD, Center to reduce the cancer our diversity, improve the Associate Professor of Vascular burden and related disparities pipeline of surgeons of color, Surgery and Radiology, while engaging communities to to represent the population in concluded the research panel promote health equity across the United States,” Eberlein says. by describing how his research Siteman’s catchment and “If we all work together, we will team utilizes precision medicine beyond. be able to nationally impact the to translate vascular biology to Piroska Kopar, MD, Assistant diversity of our physician and vascular surgery. Professor of Acute and Critical surgeon pool but also improve Care Surgery and Director of the health equity of those we the Center for Humanism and serve. It is a vital mission and I Ethics in Surgical Specialties look forward to working with (CHESS) closed out the our entire team to accomplish.” alternative panel by explaining Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 71

Department of Surgery RESEARCH The department’s research enterprise is among the largest of its peers in the United States. A Research Grants by Division leader in National Institutes of Health funding among its peers nationwide, it encompasses a Research Grants by Division full spectrum of robust basic science, clinical and public health sciences research. Plastic and Pediatric Surgery: Breakthroughs made by our department Reconstructive Surgery: $346,830 investigators, many of which serve as full- time operating surgeons, are critical to the $791,777 clinical development in fields such as oncology, immunology, pancreas and breast cancer Urologic Surgery: research, among many others. $4,879,404 169 Cardiothoracic Surgery: active grants $7,847,943 $37,144,905 General Surgery: Public Health research grant funding $9,651,861 Sciences: 640 $13,605,192 clinical research studies CClliinniciaclaSltuSdtyuCdoyntCraocnt tInrcaocmteInbycoDimviseion Public Health Sciences: Pediatric Surgery: $83,520 $1,270 Urologic Surgery: $246,721 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: $270,895 $2,912,952 Cardiothoracic Surgery: clinical trial contract income funding $480,123 General Surgery: 72 $1,830,423 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

New Research Awards FUNDING ABOVE $1,000,000 FUNDING ABOVE $100,000 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Division of General Surgery Section of Thoracic Surgery Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery Piroska Kopar, MD Varun Puri, MD, MSCI The Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital / NIH R01 / Optimizing Donor Management in Lung Washington University School of Medicine, Center for Transplantation Humanism and Ethics in Surgical Specialties 07/01/20-06/30/24: $1,575,000 10/01/20-09/30/21: $186,899 Division of General Surgery Section of Surgical Oncology Ryan Fields, MD Section of Vascular Surgery Blue Continga, LLC / Onvansertib drug study 05/21/21-05/20/22: $208,866 Mohamed Zayed, MD, PhD / (Multi-PI: Robert J. Gropler, MD (Cardiology) (Original Contact PI: Sean Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery English, MD)) NIH R01 / CCR2 Targeted Molecular Imaging and Susan Mackinnon, MD Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms The Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital / The 08/01/20-07/31/24: $3,039,008 Implementation of Video-Based Surgical Coaching to Improve Resident Performance in the Treatment of Mohamed Zayed, MD, PhD Complex Hand and Maxillofacial Trauma NIH R01 / Regulation of Endothelial Lipid Metabolism 04/01/21-03/31/22: $148,600 in the Setting of Diabetes and Critical Limb Ischemia to Prevent Surgical Complications Division of Public Health Sciences 04/01/21-03/31/25: $2,132,855 Yikyung Park, ScD Division of Public Health Sciences NIH R03 / Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Childhood Cancer Survivors: St. Jude Lifetime Graham Colditz, MD, DrPH Cohort St. Jude / Implementation Sciences Collaborative 07/01/20-06/30/22: $182,771 10/01/20-09/30/25: $4,795,140 Division of Urologic Surgery Yin Cao, ScD, MPH NIH R37 / Obesity, sedentary behaviors, and diet Nupam Mahajan, PhD quality for prevention and early detection of early- Department of Defense / Therapeutic Targeting of onset colorectal neoplasia Recurrent Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer by ACK1 07/01/20-06/30/25: $2,877,662 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (R)-9b Adetunji Toriola, MD, PhD 05/01/21-04/30/24: $861,839 NIH R01 / Metabolite Profiles and Mammographic Kiran Mahajan, PhD Density in Premenopausal Women Department of Defense / Therapeutic Targeting of 07/01/20-06/30/25: $1,801,405 Recurrent Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer by ACK1 Tyronise Kinase Inhibitor (R)-9b Siobhan Sutcliffe, PhD, ScM, MHS 05/01/21-04/30/24: $712,271 NIH U01 / Bladder Health promotion and LUTS prevention in adolescent and adult women across the life course 09/01/20-06/30/25: $1,590,000 Washington University Department of Surgery is the second highest ranking department in NIH funding according to the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research in 2020. Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 73

Education Overview Department of Surgery Education Overview Left: General Surgery resident Louisa Bai, MD, during a Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery skills lab. Residents and fellows training within the Top right: From left: General surgery residents Maria Martinez, MD, and Wahid Department of Surgery’s leading educational Abu-Amer, MD, during a thyroid lab. programs gain knowledge from internationally Bottom right: From left: Urology resident Shilpa Argade, MD, Arnold Bullock, MD, recognized academic surgeons. Shaped by and Lewis Thomas IV, MD, during a penile prosthesis placement lab. leaders who are experts in developing surgical curriculum, the programs within the department 7th offer early specialization options, participation in academic research and hands-on clinical and in the United States general surgery simulated training. residency program* 4 From left: General surgery residents Nikki Rossetti, MD, and Ariana Naaseh, MD, practicing laparoscopic surgery skills. residency programs 19 fellowship programs WISE Center coordinators Karen Schubert, BS, and Angelia DeClue, CST, with Urology faculty and residents. 74 * According to Doximity's Residency Navigator. Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Graduates The Department of Surgery congratulates the class of 2020-2021 graduating Chief Residents and Fellows: RESIDENCY GRADUATES FELLOWSHIP GRADUATES (Cont.) General Surgery Breast Oncology Darren R. Cullinan, MD, MSCI Ashton Brooks, MD Gayan S. De Silva, MD, MS Rahul R. Handa, MD Abdominal Transplant Linda J. Schulte, MD Kelly L. Koch, MD Teresa (Tracy) Rice, MD Jared M. McAllister, MD Roheena Z. Panni, MD, MPHS Vascular Surgery Tara R. Semenkovich, MD, MPHS Wen Hui Tan, MD Ehsan Benrashid, MD Erin Greenleaf, MD, MS Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery-Integrated Thoracic Surgery Utku C. Dölen, MD Trina G. Ebersole, MD Conor Hynes, MD Teri Nelson Moak, MD Simran Randhawa, MD Timothy Lancaster, MD, MS Vascular Surgery-Integrated Mechanical Cardiac Support Brandon D. Downing, MD, PhD Siddharth Sarangi, MD Urologic Surgery Pediatric Surgery Shellee Ogawa, MD, MS Jonathan R. Weese, MD Ryan Antiel, MD, MS Affan Zafar, MD Hand, Nerve and Microsurgery FELLOWSHIP GRADUATES Surgical Critical Care Stahs Pripotnev, MD Manuel Medina, MD Kaily Ewing, DO Avian Chang, MD Peripheral Nerve Surgery Jordan Kirsch, DO John Madore, MD Alexander Yang, MD, PhD Ilya Rakitin, MD Cletus Stanton, MD Trauma and Reconstructive Urology Colon and Rectal Surgery Wesley Baas, MD Kristen Ban, MD, MS Minimally Invasive Endourology Gregory Low, MD Zhifei ( Jeff) Sun, MD Joshua Palka, DO Minimally Invasive Surgery Center for Humanism and Ethics in Surgical Specialties (CHESS) William Sherrill, MD Leah Conant, MD Paul Kepper, MD Jessica Kramer, MD Kelly Vallar, MD Congenital Cardiac Surgery Jacob Miller, MD Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 75

Current Trainees The Department of Surgery trains the next generation of surgeons in all surgical specialties. Below are the 2021-2022 trainees. Residents GENERAL SURGERY RESIDENCY (CONTINUED) GENERAL SURGERY RESIDENCY Daniel Colchado, MD PGY 1 Tsehay Abebe, MD Lab Resident Helen Li, MD PGY 1 Sydney C. Beache, MD Lab Resident Ariana Naaseh, MD PGY 1 Cameron Casson, MD Lab Resident Ifeanyichukwu Okereke, MD PGY 1 Julie Clanahan, MD Lab Resident Nikki Rossetti, MD, MSc PGY 1 Britta J. Han, MD, MSEd Lab Resident Shaleen Sathe, MD PGY 1 Brendan T. Heiden, MD, MPHS Lab Resident Steven Tohmasi, MD PGY 1 Annie K. Hess, MD Lab Resident Catherine Zivanov, MD PGY 1 Paul M. Kepper, MD, MS Lab Resident Ioana Florea, MD, MPHS PGY 1 Martha McGilvray, MD, MSt Lab Resident Zhiyi (Liu) Liu, MD PGY 1 Kenneth F. Newcomer Jr., MD Lab Resident Usman Panni, MD PGY 1 Franklin Olumba, MD Lab Resident Hamna Shahbaz, MD PGY 1 Hannah Phelps, MD Lab Resident Omolade Sogade, MD PGY 1 Jorge G. Zárate Rodriguez, MD Lab Resident Forrest Williard, MD PGY 1 Merrill Rubens, MD Lab Resident Yun Zhu (Louisa) Bai, MD PGY 2 Hailey Shepherd, MD Lab Resident Tiffany K. Brocke, MD PGY 2 Kerry Swanson, MD Lab Resident Ahmed Eltahir, MD PGY 2 William D. Gerull, MD PGY 2 PLASTIC SURGERY RESIDENCY Angela Lee, MD PGY 2 Grace Keane, MD PGY 1 Oluseye K. Oduyale, MD PGY 2 Caitlin Marks, MD PGY 1 Sophia H. Roberts, MD PGY 2 Abdullah Said, MD PGY 1 Felicia Zhang, MD PGY 2 Erin Peterson, MD PGY 2 Maria Del Pilar Martinez, MD PGY 2 Anna Rose Johnson, MD, MPH PGY 2 Javier E. Rincon Briceno, MD PGY 2 Jonah Orr, MD PGY 2 Wahid Abu-Amer, MD PGY 2 Margaret (Shea) Harrison, MD PGY 2 Faiz Gani, MD PGY 2 Alexandra Keane, MD PGY 3 Katharine Caldwell, MD, MSCI PGY 3 Damini Tandon, MD PGY 3 Connor Callahan, MD, MSc PGY 3 Kenan Tawaklna, MD PGY 3 Leah Conant, MD PGY 3 William Zhu, MD PGY 3 Christian (Corbin) Frye, MD PGY 3 Danielle J. Brown, MD PGY 4 Matthew Grant, MD, MPhil PGY 3 David Chi, MD, PhD PGY 4 Charles (Alston) James, MD PGY 3 Rachael M. Payne, MD PGY 4 Bradley Kushner, MD PGY 3 Ema Zubovic, MD PGY 5 Ebunoluwa Otegbeye, MD, MPHS PGY 3 Jordan Bruce, MD PGY 5 Eileen Smith, MD PGY 3 Lauren Jacobson, MD PGY 5 Allie Steinberger, MD, MPH PGY 3 Andrew Linkugel, MD PGY 5 Erin Andrade, MD, MPH PGY 4 Danielle Cooper, MD PGY 6 Ina Chen, MD PGY 4 Austin Ha, MD PGY 6 Heidy Cos Felipe, MD PGY 4 Amelia Van Handel, MD PGY 6 Cathleen Courtney, MD PGY 4 Sandra Garcia Aroz, MD PGY 4 VASCULAR SURGERY RESIDENCY Meghan Kelly, MD PGY 4 Margaret Nalugo, MD PGY 1 Jessica Lindemann, MD, PhD PGY 4 Shirli Tay, MD PGY 1 Robert MacGregor, MD PGY 4 Julia Suggs, MD PGY 2 Emily Onufer, MD, MPH PGY 4 Brian Sullivan, MD PGY 3 William Chapman, Jr., MD, MPHS PGY 5 Momodou Jammeh, MD PGY 4 Jesse Davidson, MD, MSCI PGY 5 Katherine M. Holzem, MD, PhD PGY 5 Jason Gauthier, MD PGY 5 Ali Khiabani, MD, MHA PGY 5 Bradley Krasnick, MD, MSCI PGY 5 Kristen Seiler, MD PGY 5 Melanie Subramanian, MD, MPHS PGY 5 76 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Current Trainees UROLOGIC SURGERY RESIDENCY THORACIC SURGERY Kendrick Campbell, MD PGY 1 Lauren Barron, MD PGY 7 James Gross, MD PGY 1 Kathryn Engelhardt, MD, MS PGY 7 Jinfeng ( Jay) Jiang, MD PGY 1 Matthew Schill, MD PGY 7 Inkkaruch (Amy) Kuprasertkul, MD PGY 1 Whitney Brandt, MD PGY 6 Helen Kim, MD PGY 2 Linda Schulte, MD PGY 6 Connor Mccormick, MD PGY 2 Tara Semenkovich, MD, MPHS PGY 6 Steven Ngo, MD PGY 2 Daniel Wong, MD PGY 2 MECHANICAL CARDIAC SUPPORT Muhammad (Hassan) Alkazemi, MD PGY 3 Antonio Polanco, MD PGY 7 Nimrod B. Gozal, MD PGY 3 Andrew McLaughlin, MD PGY 3 CONGENITAL CARDIAC SURGERY Nicholas Pickersgill, MD PGY 3 Vinod Sebastian, MD PGY 7 Kathryn Agamawi, MD PGY 4 Shilpa Argade, MD PGY 4 PEDIATRIC SURGERY Grant Henning, MD PGY 4 Laura Lee, MD PGY 4 Andrew Yeh, MD PGY 7 Yifan Meng, MD PGY 5 Paul McGaha, MD, MSc PGY 6 Alexander Parker, MD PGY 5 HAND, NERVE AND MICROSURGERY Carrie Ronstrom, MD PGY 5 Fellows Kashyap Tadisina, MD PGY 7 Robert Teixeira, MD PGY 7 SURGICAL CRITICAL CARE PERIPHERAL NERVE SURGERY Rami Al-Aref, MD PGY 6 Fawaz Alotaibi, MD PGY 7 Ea-sle Chang, MD PGY 6 Patrick Craft, DO PGY 6 TRAUMA AND RECONSTRUCTIVE UROLOGY Reilin Moore, MD PGY 6 Sumaiya Sarwar, MD PGY 6 Shellee Ogawa, MD, MS PGY 6 Marguerite Spruce, MD PGY 6 UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY Cayce Nawaf, MD PGY 6 Kasim Mirza, MD PGY 6 MINIMALLY INVASIVE ENDOUROLOGY Jessica Felton, MD, MS PGY 6 Pridvi Kandagatla, MD PGY 6 Brijesh Patel, MD PGY 6 Mark Biebel, MD, MS PGY 6 MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY CLINICAL MICROSURGERY Victoria Gershuni, MD, MS, MTR PGY 6 Giorgio Giatsidis, MD, PhD PGY 7 HEPATO-PANCREATO-BILIARY SURGERY Natasha Leigh, MD PGY 7 BREAST ONCOLOGY Irene Israel, MD PGY 6 ABDOMINAL TRANSPLANT Jennifer Yu, MD, MPHS PGY 7 Gregory Martens, MD PGY 6 Darren Cullinan, MD, MSCI PGY 6 VASCULAR SURGERY Genevieve Hayek, MD PGY 7 Gayan De Silva, MD PGY 6 Esmaeel (Reza) Dadashzadeh, MD PGY 6 Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 77

Mary Klingensmith Named “One of the great ACGME Senior Vice President for things about my Procedural Accreditation time at Washington University has been the people. There are faculty here who are passionate about surgical education. We have an incredible administrative support staff who provide the best possible experience for both our residents and our students.” -Mary Klingensmith, MD Mary Klingensmith, MD, has been named Senior As Vice Chair for Education in the Department of Surgery, Klingensmith oversaw medical Vice President for Procedural Accreditation at student education, four ACGME-accredited the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical residency programs and 14 fellowships. She led Education (ACGME). the incorporation of Early Specialization Training Over more than two decades at Washington in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, as well University, Klingensmith, who held the Mary as flex-track training in all specialties, allowing Culver Distinguished Professorship, has had a residents to create custom training experiences lasting impact on medical education both locally while still meeting all requirements for Board and nationally. certification. Klingensmith joined the Department of Surgery “Mary has played a transformational role in in 2000, serving as General Surgery Residency creating innovative educational programs and Program Director until 2012. With the support strengthening all aspects of education in the of Timothy Eberlein, MD, the William K. Department of Surgery,” says Eberlein. “Her Bixby Professor and Chair of the Department impact transcends the Department of Surgery. of Surgery, Klingensmith established one of She has improved educational programs across the first surgical skills labs in the country. In the entire School of Medicine through her 2001, Klingensmith founded the lab known exceptional leadership and by example of what today as the Washington University Institute for she has done in our department.” Surgical Education (WISE). Certified as a Level 1 She has served as a Loeb Teaching Fellow, Accredited Education Institute by the American associate director of the Wood Simulation Center College of Surgeons (ACS), WISE was among the and, from 2016-17, Interim Senior Associate Dean first labs to offer simulation training outside of for Medical Education. the operating room. “Dr. Eberlein was incredibly encouraging,” In 2018, Klingensmith became founding director says Klingensmith. “He made it my priority of the Washington University Academy of to establish a surgical skills lab. It was a great Educators, an institutional collaboration of opportunity to make Washington University a educators fostering a culture of educational leader.” excellence and an institutionally valued community of leaders in health science education. 78 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

From left: Paul Wise, MD, Timothy Eberlein, MD, and Mary Klingensmith, MD. Klingensmith holds multiple national roles our students. And then the residents: We’ve been in surgery and surgical education through so lucky to attract not only incredibly smart and the American Board of Surgery (ABS), ACS, skilled people, but fabulous human beings. They Association for Surgical Education and American care deeply about their work, they’re kind to each Board of Medical Specialties. In 2019, she became other and they are kind to our patients. It just ABS Vice President and Editor-in-Chief of the makes your day really pleasant to work with these Surgical Council on Resident Education (SCORE). people who are in it for the right reasons.” As Vice President for Procedural Accreditation The Department of Surgery congratulates at the ACGME, Klingensmith will oversee the Klingensmith on this new opportunity and looks accreditation process for medical training forward to future advances in surgical education. programs across the country. Klingensmith remains on the faculty as Emeritus “The exciting thing is that all of the accreditation Professor of Surgery. In recognition of her elements are on the table for reconsideration,” seminal contributions to surgical education, one says Klingensmith, who will oversee accreditation of the resident teams will be named in her honor of surgery, OB/GYN, urology, plastic surgery, and a new education conference center will be neurosurgery and many other specialties. “All named, “The Mary E. Klingensmith, MD, Surgical of those specialties, and the procedural aspects Education Center.” of other specialties will be my responsibility to represent as a voice regarding what is important to surgical and procedural training when we think about accrediting programs.” For more than 20 years, Klingensmith has been a departmental, institutional and national leader in surgical education. “As I reflect on this next phase of my career, Mark Klingensmith, MD, (sixth from left) and \"Team Klingenmsith,\" I will miss a lot of the work I’ve done in the a residency alliance and mentorship group named in her honor. Department of Surgery, but I’m mostly going to miss the people and how willing they were to listen to what at the time were some crazy ideas,” says Klingensmith. “One of the great things about my time at Washington University has been the people. There are faculty here who are passionate about surgical education. We have an incredible administrative support staff who provide the best possible experience for both our residents and Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 79

Washington University Medical Campus Washington University Medical Campus includes Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine. The Washington University Medical Campus is the St. Louis region’s Clinical Locations: epicenter for advanced medical and surgical care. The campus, which • Barnes-Jewish is one of the nation’s largest academic clinical practices, is home to Hospital Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, and the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington • St. Louis Children's University School of Medicine. Hospital Supported by Washington University Physicians, the School of Medicine’s clinical practice group of more than 1,500 full-time • Siteman Cancer clinicians and surgeons, patients have access to leading-edge Center treatments as a result of research from one of the top-ranked medical schools in the nation. • St. Louis Children's The largest hospital in Missouri, Barnes-Jewish Hospital is the only Specialty Care Clinic hospital in the St. Louis region to be recognized among the best hospitals in the country by U.S. News & World Report. The facility • Barnes-Jewish West is a Level 1 Trauma Center and Washington University School of County Hospital Medicine’s dedicated non-profit teaching hospital. The region’s largest and sole pediatric hospital recognized as a • Christian Northeast Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center, St. Louis Children’s Hospitalis Hospital consistently ranked among the nation’s best pediatric hospitals by U.S. News & World Report. The hospital’s sole mission—to do what is • Barnes-Jewish St. right for kids—comes to life through medical discovery, innovative Peters therapies and compassionate care. An international leader in cancer treatment, research, prevention, • Progress West education and community outreach, Siteman Cancer Center is the Hospital only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Care Center in Missouri. Doctor offices, testing locations and other cancer • Center for Advanced services are housed in the 107,422-square-foot Center for Advanced Medicine South Medicine. County • Siteman South County • Memorial Hospital Belleville • Memorial Hospital East • St. Louis VA Medical Center 80 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Resident Favorites Residents share their favorite things about living in St. Louis. William Chapman, Jr., MD, MPHS Administrative General Chief Surgery Resident The Missouri Botanical Garden! Stunning azaleas in the spring, a koi pond that the kids love and a tropical \"Climatron\" that is the perfect mid-winter reminder that it will one day be warm again! The fact that it's a 5-minute walk from my house and just around the corner from our favorite restaurant, Olio, is an added bonus. Meet Me in St. Louis Carrie Ronstrom, MD St. Louis city skyline. Photo by Brad Warner, MD. Chief Urology Resident Founded in 1764 at the confluence of the It’s hard to pick only one place in St. Louis as my favorite, but I would have to choose the St. Louis Mississippi and Missouri rivers, St. Louis Zoo. I love going to the zoo and pointing out the became known as “the Gateway to the West” different animals with my son. It’s especially nice because of its use as a major transportation that the zoo is free because it doesn’t matter if center for river and railroad traffic. Over 250 you can only make it for an hour, you can always years later, St. Louis has transformed to become return! a global center for biotechnology and medical research. Jorge Zarate Rodriguez, MD Newcomers to the region soon discover that St. Louis is an ideal place to train and pursue General Surgery Resident an academic career. A leading center for international research and destination for St. Louis is a great place to live because it has patients seeking excellent care, the city also a small town feel but it still has plenty of stuff attracts engineers, entrepreneurs, artists and to do, with tons of sports and art/music events other innovative professionals. going on all the time. It's also pretty affordable. It's probably one of the few cities where one can afford to buy a home on a resident's salary! The Washington University Medical Campus is conveniently located within the city’s Central West End, a neighborhood brimming with living, dining and entertainment options that cater to the area’s young professionals. A patchwork of surrounding eclectic Top Places to Go in St. Louis neighborhoods are packed with trendy restaurants, bars and shops with historic charm. Busch Stadium located in Downtown St. Louis, which is home to 11 time The easy-to-navigate city makes commuting a World Series Champions, the St. Louis Cardinals. breeze and reaching some of the city’s world- class attractions even easier. Forest Park From the multi-use trails that wind through Missouri Botanical Garden some of the city’s most popular destinations to Tower Grove Park the enormous applause that pours through the City Museum stadiums during national sporting events, there Busch Stadium are so many things that make St. Louis a special place to call home. Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 81

Faculty CHAIR’S OFFICE Timothy J. William C. Maria B. Majella Doyle, William E. Mary E. Eberlein, MD, Chair Chapman, MD MD, MBA Gillanders, MD Klingensmith, MD William K. Bixby Eugene M. Bricker Professor of Surgery; William K. Bixby Mary Culver Professor of Surgery; Professor of Surgery; Co-Director, Faculty Professor of Surgery; Distinguished Professor Spencer T. and Ann Executive Vice Chair Career Development/ Vice Chair for Research of Surgery; Vice Chair W. Olin Distinguished Mentoring; Vice Chair for for Education; Director, Professor; Director, Alvin Clinical Affairs Washington University J. Siteman Cancer Center School of Medicine Academy of Health Professions Educators; Associate Director, Simulation Center Benjamin D. Tiffany M. Mary C. Politi, PhD Kozower, MD, MPH Osborn, MD, MPH Professor of Surgery; Professor of Surgery; Professor of Surgery; Co-Director, Faculty Vice Chair for Patient Director, Leadership Career Development Safety and Quality and Professional Mentoring Improvement Development INSTITUTIONAL LEADERSHIP Michael M. Sam B. Graham A. Bettina F. Drake, Timothy J. Shaina Bruce L. Hall, Awad, MD, PhD Bhayani, MD, Colditz, MD, PhD, MPH Eberlein, MD R. Eckhouse, MD MD, PhD, MBA Associate MS DrPH, MPH Professor Bixby Professor Associate Vice President Professor Professor of Niess-Gain of Surgery; and Spencer T. Professor of and Chief of Surgery; Surgery; Professor of Associate and Ann W. Olin Surgery; Surgical Medical Officer, Director of the Holekamp Surgery; Chief, Director, Distinguished Leader, BJH BJC HealthCare Comprehensive Family Endowed Division of Public Community Professor; Perioperative Robotic Surgery Chair in Health Sciences; Outreach and Director, Alvin J. Services Program, BJC Urology; Chief Associate Engagement, Siteman Cancer Leadership HealthCare Medical Officer, Director, Siteman Cancer Center Steven R. Hunt, Washington Prevention and Center MD University Control, Siteman Professor of Physicians; Cancer Center Surgery; Surgical Patient Care Director, Barnes- Quality Jewish Center and Safety for Advanced Committee, Medicine - South Board of County Directors, Barnes-Jewish Hospital Matthew G. Kamlesh B. Jacqueline M. Brad W. Warner, Jason R. Wellen, Mutch, MD Patel, MD Saito, MD, MSCI MD MD Solon and Bettie Associate Medical Director Professor of Associate Gershman Professor for Clinical Surgery; Surgeon Professor Professor of of Surgery; Excellence, BJC in Chief, St. of Surgery; Surgery; Chief, Medical Director, HealthCare Louis Children's Surgical Leader, Section of Colon Perioperative Hospital Perioperative and Rectal Services, St. Services, Barnes- Surgery; Chief of Louis Children's Jewish Hospital Surgery, Barnes- Hospital Jewish West County Hospital 82 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Faculty DIVISION OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., MD Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Evarts A. Graham Professor of Surgery Section of Cardiac Surgery Marc R. Moon, MD Chief, Section of Cardiac Surgery John M. Shoenberg Chair in Cardiovascular Disease Endowed Professors Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., Nabil A. Munfakh, MD Spencer J. Melby, MD Puja Kachroo, MD MD Michael K. Pasque, MD Christian Zemlin, PhD, Kunal D. Kotkar, MD MSc Muhammad Faraz Section of Thoracic Surgery Harold G. Roberts, Jr., Masood, MD MD Instructor Bryan F. Meyers, MD, MPH Chief, Section of Thoracic Surgery Tsuyoshi Takahashi, MD Patrick and Joy Williamson Chair in Cardiothoracic Surgery Endowed Professors Professors Assistant Professors Andrew E. Gelman, PhD Benjamin D. Kozower, Ruben G. Nava Bahena, Daniel Kreisel, MD, PhD MD, MPH MD G. Alexander Patterson, Varun Puri, MD, MSCI Shuddhadeb Ray, MD, MD MPHS Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Pirooz Eghtesady, MD, PhD Chief, Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Emerson Chair in Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Assistant Professors Instructor Dilip Nath, MD Jacob Miller, MD DIVISION OF GENERAL SURGERY William C. Chapman, MD Chief, Division of General Surgery Eugene M. Bricker Professor of Surgery Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery Grant V. Bochicchio, MD, MPH Chief, Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery Harry Edison Professor of Surgery Professors Assistant Professors Assistant Professors C-STARS (cont.) Jeffrey A. Bailey, MD Sara A. Buckman, MD, Bracken Armstrong, MD Bailey D. Freeman, MD PharmD Kelly J. Vallar, MD Travis Arnold-Lloyd, MD John E. Mazuski, MD, Mark H. Hoofnagle, MD Michael D. Weiss, DPM Chelsea Hutchinson, MD PhD Piroska Kopar, MD Muhammad Yasin, MD Deacon Lile, MD Tiffany M. Osborn, MD, Jessica Kramer, MD Thoi H. Ngo, MD Matthew McHale, MD PMH Jennifer M. Leonard, MD, Michelle Medintz, MD Douglas J.E. Schuerer, PhD Instructors Charlie Srivilasa, MD MD Jerry M. Liddell, DPM David Testrake, MD Nishant Raj, MD Jordan Kirsch, DO Associate Professors Jason A. Snyder, MD Lindsey Kranker, MD 83 Melissa K. Stewart, MD Jessica Staszak, MD, MS Obeid N. Ilahi, MD Isaiah R. Turnbull, MD, John P. Kirby, MD PhD Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021

Faculty DIVISION OF GENERAL SURGERY (Cont.) Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery Matthew G. Mutch, MD Chief, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery Solon and Bettie Gershman Professor of Surgery Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Paul E. Wise, MD Sean C. Glasgow, MD Kerri A. Ohman, MD Steven R. Hunt, MD Matthew L. Silviera, MD, MS Radhika K. Smith, MD Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic & GI Surgery William G. Hawkins, MD Chief, Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic & GI Surgery Neidorff Family and Robert C. Packman Professor of Surgery Associate Professors Assistant Professors Chet Hammill, MD, MS, Dominic Sanford, MD, MCR MPHS Dirk M. Spitzer, PhD Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery Michael Brunt, MD Chief, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery Professor of Surgery Associate Professors Assistant Professors Michael M. Awad, MD, Francesca M. Dimou, PhD MD, MS Jeffrey A. Blatnik, MD Shaina R. Eckhouse, MD J. Chris Eagon, MD Sara E. Holden, MD Bethany C. Sacks, MD, Arnab Majumder, MD MEd Section of Surgical Oncology Ryan C. Fields, MD Chief, Section of Surgical Oncology Kim and Tim Eberlein Distinguished Chair in Surgical Oncology Endowed Professors Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Bruce Lee Hall, MD, PhD S. Peter Goedegebure, Rebecca L. Aft, MD, PhD Julie A. Margenthaler, MD PhD Taylor C. Brown, MD, Timothy J. Eberlein, MD MHS William E. Gillanders, MD Katherine L. Glover- Collins, MD, PhD Section of Transplant Surgery Beth A. Helmink, MD, PhD William C. Chapman, MD T.K. Pandian, MD, PhD Chief, Section of Transplant Surgery Assistant Professors Eugene M. Bricker Professor of Surgery Yiing Lin, MD, PhD Endowed Professors Professors Associate Professors Brian W. Wong, PhD Maria B. Majella Doyle, Jae-Sung Kim, PhD Adeel S. Khan, MD, MPH MD, MBA Surendra Shenoy, MD, Jason R. Wellen, MD, PhD MBA Section of Vascular Surgery Luis A. Sanchez, MD Chief, Section of Vascular Surgery Gregorio A. Sicard Distinguished Professor in Vascular Surgery Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors C-STARS Vipul Khetarpaul, MD Nathan Droz, MD Patrick J. Geraghty, MD Mohamed A. Zayed, MD, J. Westley Ohman, MD Brian G. Rubin, MD PhD Nanette R. Reed, MD Robert W. Thompson, MD Zachary J. Wanken, MD, MS 84 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Faculty DIVISION OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY Brad W. Warner, MD Chief, Division of Pediatric Surgery Jessie L. Ternberg, MD, PhD, Distinguished Professor in Pediatric Surgery Associate Professors Assistant Professors Patrick A. Dillon, MD Baddr A. Shakhsheer, MD Jun Guo, PhD Jesse D. Vrecenak, MD Martin S. Keller, MD Jacqueline M. Saito, MD, MSCI DIVISION OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY Justin M. Sacks, MD, MBA Chief, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Sidney M. Jr. and Robert H. Shoenberg Chair in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Endowed Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Assistant Professors (cont.) Keith E. Brandt, MD Ida K. Fox, MD Rachel A. Anolik, MD Susan E. Mackinnon, MD Kamlesh B. Patel, MD, Joani M. Christensen, MD Matthew D. Wood, MS, MSc Kelly B. Currie, MD PhD Professors Marissa M. Tenenbaum, John M. Felder, MD Amanda Westman, PhD MD Amy Kells, MD, PhD Xiaowei Li, PhD Terence M. Myckatyn, MD Dennis C. Nguyen, MD, Shoichiro Tanaka, MD, Thomas H. Tung, MD MS MPH Mitchell A. Pet, MD Alison K. Snyder- Warwick, MD DIVISION OF PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH Chief, Division of Public Health Sciences Neiss-Gain Professor of Surgery Professors Associate Professors Assistant Professors Assistant Professors (cont.) Bettina F. Drake, PhD, Yin Cao, MPH, ScD Su-Hsin Chang, PhD MPH Esther Lu, MS, PhD Kia L. Davis, ScD, MPH Ying Liu, MD, PhD Feng Gao, MD, PhD, MPH Jingqin Luo, PhD Ashley J. Housten, OTD, Angela Mazul, PhD, MPH Aimee S. James, PhD, Yikyung Park, ScP MSCI, OTR/L Elizabeth Salerno, PhD, MPH Adetunji T. Toriola, MD, Jean Hunleth, PhD, MPH MPH Lisa M. Klesges, PhD, MS PhD Shu (Joy) Jiang, PhD Michelle Silver, PhD, ScM Mary C. Politi, PhD Erika A. Waters, PhD, Erin Linnenbringer, PhD, Fei Wan, PhD Siobhan Sutcliffe, PhD, MPH MS Ana Baumann, PhD, MA ScM, MHS Chongliang Luo, PhD Yan Yan, MD, PhD DIVISION OF UROLOGIC SURGERY Gerald L. Andriole, Jr., MD Chief, Division of Urologic Surgery Robert K. Royce Distinguished Professor in Urologic Surgery Endowed Professors Professors Assistant Professors Assistant Professors (cont.) Sam B. Bhayani, MD, MS H. Henry Lai, MD Sunil M. Apte, MBBS, MS Arnold D. Bullock, MD Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Christopher T. Arett, MD, Kenneth Sands, DO, MBA R. Sherburne Figenshau, MD, MS MBA Arjun Sivaraman, MD, MD Kefu Du, MD MBBS, MS, MCH Nupam Mahajan, PhD Associate Professors Jason K. Frankel, MD Zachary L. Smith, MD Dane P. Johnson, MD Lewis J. Thomas, IV, MD Douglas E. Coplen, MD Eric H. Kim, MD Gino J. Vricella, MD Erica J. Traxel, MD Kiran Mahajan, PhD Paul Kogan, MD Alana C. Desai, MD Gregory P. Murphy, MD Ralph Torrence, MD Charles U. Nottingham, MD, MS Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 85

New Faculty DIVISION OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY Jacob Miller, MD Harold G. Roberts, Jr., MD Instructor, Section of Pediatric Associate Professor Cardiothoracic Surgery Residency Residency (1) General Surgery, University General Surgery, Washington of Maryland School of University School of Medicine Medicine; (2) Cardiothoracic in St. Louis Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine Fellowship Fellowship (1) Congenital Cardiac Fellowship, Washington Adult Cardiac Surgery, Beth University School of Isreal Hospital, Harvard Medicine in St. Louis; (2) Medical School Thoracic Surgery Fellowship, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis DIVISION OF GENERAL SURGERY Jordan Kirsch, DO Lindsay M. Kranker, MD Thoi Ngo, MD Jessica K. Staszak, MD, MS Instructor, Section of Acute and Instructor, Section of Acute and Assistant Professor, Section of Instructor, Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery Critical Care Surgery Acute and Critical Care Surgery Critical Care Surgery Residency Residency Residency Residency General Surgery, WellSpan York General Surgery, Wright State General Surgery, Morristown General Surgery, University Hospital University, Boonshoft School of Medical Center of Tennessee Health Science Medicine Center Fellowship Fellowship Fellowship Fellowship Surgical Critical Care, Surgical Critical Care, Washington University School Surgical Critical Care, Washington University School Pediatric Surgical Critical Care, of Medicine in St. Louis University of Nevada, Las Vegas of Medicine in St. Louis Children’s Mercy Hospital, St. School of Medicine Luke’s Hospital 86 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

New Faculty DIVISION OF GENERAL SURGERY (Cont.) Teresa Rice, MD Zachary J. Wanken, MD, MS Instructor, Section of Assistant Professor, Section of Transplant Surgery Vascular Surgery Residency Residency General Surgery, University of Vascular Surgery, Dartmouth- Cincinnati Hitchcock Medical Center Fellowship Fellowship Abdominal Organ Transplant Vascular Disease Strategically & Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Focused Research Network, Surgery, Washington American Heart Association University School of Medicine in St. Louis DIVISION OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY Joani M. Christensen, MD Xiaowei Li, PhD Shoichiro Tanaka, MD, Amanda M. Westman, PhD MPH Assistant Professor Assistant Professor (Research Assistant Professor (Research only) Assistant Professor only) Residency Graduate Education Residency Graduate Education Combined Plastic Surgery, Harvard University Tianjin University (MS, General Surgery, Ochsner University of Virginia (PhD, Material Science and Health System Biomedical Engineering) Fellowship Engineering); Clemson University (PhD, Fellowship Fellowship Macrovascular Reconstructive Bioengineering) Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer (1) Hand and Microsurgery, National Science Foundation Center Fellowship Christine M. Kleinert Institute Graduate Research Fellowship, for Hand and Microsurgery; University of Virginia The John Hopkins School of (2) Plastic and Reconstructive Medicine Surgery, Summa Health System Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 87

New Faculty DIVISION OF PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES Ana A. Baumann, PhD Chongliang Luo, PhD Assistant Professor (Research Assistant Professor (Research only) only) Graduate Education Graduate Education Universidade de Brasilia (MA, University of Science and Behavior Analysis); Utah State Technology in China (MS, University (PhD, Psychology - Statistics); University of Behavior Analysis) Conneticut (PhD, Statistics) Fellowship Doctoral Disertation Fellowship, University of Connecticut DIVISION OF UROLOGIC SURGERY Paul Kogan, MD Assistant Professor Residency Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics Fellowship Robotics Urologic Surgery, Ohio Health Dublin Methodist Hospital 88 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

LEADERSHIP TRANSITIONS Sam B. Bhayani, MD, MS Sam B. Bhayani, MD, MS, was named Division Chief of Urologic Surgery. Bhayani is the Holekamp Family Endowed Chair in Urology. He has served as Chief Medical Officer of the Washington University Faculty Practice Plan, known as Washington University Physicians, since 2015. He served as Chief of Surgery at Barnes-Jewish West County Hospital from 2012-2018 as well as Chief Medical Officer from 2011- 2016. Bhayani is an internationally respected researcher and urologic oncologist, who maintains an active clinical practice focused on the treatment of kidney and prostate cancer. NEW ENDOWED PROFESSORS Michael Brunt, MD Michael Brunt, MD, Section Chief of Minimally Invasive Surgery, was named Pruett Family Professor of Surgery. Brunt received the 2021 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Barnes-Jewish Hospital Medical Staff Association. This award recognizes a surgeon who has made significant contributions over a long and accomplished career at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. He also received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from Johns Hopkins University earlier this year. NEW PROFESSORS OF SURGERY Michael Awad, MD, PhD Ida Fox, MD Erika Walters, PhD, MPH Adetunji Toriola, MD, PhD Minimally Invasive Surgery Plastic and Reconstructive Public Health Sciences Public Health Sciences Surgery Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 89

LEADERSHIP NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Rebecca L. Aft, MD, PhD RRaallpphh JJ.. DDaammiiaannoo JJrr..,, MMDD SSeeaann CC.. GGllaassggooww,, MMDD Jeffrey Moley Professor of Surgery CChhiieeff,, DDiivviissiioonn ooff CCaarrddiiootthhoorraacciicc SSuurrggeerryy AAssssoocciiaattee PPrrooffeessssoorr ooff SSuurrggeerryy Member, Breast Committee, Alliance for EEvvaarrttss AA.. GGrraahhaamm PPrrooffeessssoorr ooff SSuurrggeerryy CCoommmmaannddeerr,, 993322nndd MMeeddiiccaall SSqquuaaddrroonn Clinical Trials BBooaarrdd ooff DDiirreeccttoorrss,, AAmmeerriiccaann AAssssoocciiaattiioonn ((UUSSAAFFRR)),, SSccootttt AAiirr FFoorrccee BBaassee,, IILL ffoorr TThhoorraacciicc SSuurrggeerryy AAssssoocciiaattee EEddiittoorr,, DDiisseeaasseess ooff tthhee CCoolloonn && Michael M. Awad, MD, PhD CCoo--CChhaaiirrmmaann,, PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss CCoommmmiitttteeee,, RReeccttuumm Professor of Surgery AAmmeerriiccaann AAssssoocciiaattiioonn ffoorr TThhoorraacciicc SSuurrggeerryy Board of Governors, Society of American 22002211 WWiilllliiaamm GGlleennnn LLeeccttuurree,, 22002211 AAmmeerriiccaann BBeetthh AA.. HHeellmmiinnkk,, MMDD,, PPhhDD Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Heart Association Scientific Sessions AAssssiissttaanntt PPrrooffeessssoorr ooff SSuurrggeerryy (SAGES) PPeerriittoonneeaall DDiisseeaassee WWoorrkkiinngg GGrroouupp,, SSoocciieettyy Vice President, Association for Surgical Maria B. Majella Doyle, MD, MBA of Surgical Oncology Education Professor of Surgery Program Chair, American Foregut Society Distinguished Endowed Chair in Abdominal Mark H. Hoofnagle, MD, PhD Transplant Assistant Professor of Surgery Keith E. Brandt, MD President-Elect, The Americas Hepato- Member, Communications Committee, William G. Hamm Professor of Surgery Pancreato-Biliary Association American Assocation for the Surgery of Executive Director, American Board of Trauma Plastic Surgery Bettina F. Drake, PhD, MPH Member, Quality, Equity and Inclusion Board of Directors, American Board of Professor of Surgery Committee, American Association for the Medical Specialities Member, Susan G. Komen African American Surgery of Trauma Health Equity Initiative Community Michael Brunt, MD Advisory Board John P. Kirby, MD Chief, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery Associate Professor of Surgery Pruett Family Professor of Surgery Pirooz Eghtesady, MD, PhD Governer, American College of Surgeons President, Fellowship Council Chief, Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Chair, American College od Surgeons Executive Council, Central Surgical Surgery Survey Committee Association Emerson Chair in Pediatric Cardiothoracic Co-Chair, Undersea & Hyperbaric Medical Secretary, SAGES Education and Research Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital Society Research Committee Foundation Member, January 2022-December 2023 2021 Lifetime Achievement Award, Barnes- Scientific Committee, Pediatric Heart Benjamin D. Kozower, MD, MPH Jewish Hospital Medical Staff Association Transplant Society Professor of Surgery Distinguished Alumnus Award, John Member, Strategic Planning Committee, Vice-Chair, Patient Safety and Quality Hopkins University Pediatric Heart Transplant Society Improvement Co-Chair, Writing Group for Tetralogy of Chair, General Thoracic Surgery Database William C. Chapman, MD Fallot in Neonates and Infants, American Taskforce, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Chief, Division of General Surgery Association of Thoracic Surgery Chief, Section of Abdominal Transplantation Invited Member, Writing Group on the Erin Linnenbringer, PhD, MS Professor of Surgery American Heart Association Pulmonary Assistant Professor of Surgery Eugene M. Bricker Chair of Surgery Hypertension in Congenital Heart Disease Chair, Jane Engelberg Memorial Fellowship Executive Vice-Chair, Department of Summit Advisory Group, National Society of Surgery President, Southern Surgical Invited Member Committee, Pediatric Genetic Counselors Association Pulmonary Hypertension Unresponsive to Medical Therapy Clinical Practice Julie A. Margenthaler, MD Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH Guideline, American Thoracic Society Professor of Surgery Chief, Division of Public Health Sciences President, American Society of Breast Niess-Gain Professor of Surgery Ryan C. Fields, MD Surgeons Member, National Institutes of Health Chief, Section of Surgical Oncology Editor, Breast Section, Annals of Surgical Council of Councils Kim and Tim Eberlein Distinguished Chair in Oncology Deputy Editor, Public Health, Science Surgical Oncology Chair, Breast Committee, American Board Advances Chair, Research Committee, Society of of Surgery Surgical Oncology Chair, Education Committee, American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting 90 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

LEADERSHIP NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Marc R. Moon, MD Justin M. Sacks, MD, MBA JAAJasasssssiioossttnnaaAAnntt.. PPSSrrnnooyyffddeesseessrroo,, rrMMooDDff SSuurrggeerryy Chief, Section of Cardiac Surgery Shoenberg Professor and Chief, Division of VViiccee CChhaaiirr,, MMiissssoouurrii CCoommmmiitttteeee oonn TTrraauummaa John M. Shoenberg Chair in Cardiovascular Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Disease Executive Committee, Plastic Surgery AAlliissoonn KK.. SSnnyyddeerr--WWaarrwwiicckk,, MMDD Director, Center for Diseases of the Research Council AAssssiissttaanntt PPrrooffeessssoorr ooff SSuurrggeerryy Thoracic Aorta Chair, Development Committee, American SSeeccrreettaarryy,, SSiirr CChhaarrlleess BBeellll SSoocciieettyy Past President, American Association for Society of Plastic Surgeons SSeeccrreettaarryy--TTrreeaassuurreerr,, PPllaassttiicc SSuurrggeerryy Thoracic Surgery Chair, Technology, Innovation and Research Council Disruption Committee, American Society of Matthew G. Mutch, MD Plastic Surgeons Marissa M. Tenenbaum, MD Chief, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery Lead, Comprehensive Reconstruction, Associate Professor of Surgery Solon and Bettie Gershman Chair in Surgery American Society of Plastic Surgeons Board of Directors, American Society for Professor of Surgery National Meeting Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Secretary, Executive Council, American US Diplomate, European Plastic Surgery Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery Research Council Adetunji T. Toriola, MD, PhD, MPH Associate Professor of Surgery Terence M. Myckatyn, MD Jacqueline M. Saito, MD, MSCI Chair Person, Executive Committee, Professor of Surgery Associate Professor of Surgery ColoCare Study Board of Directors, Aesthetic Surgery Chair, Children's Surgery Data Committee Member, Population Sciences Working Education Research Foundation (NSQIP-Pediatric), American College of Group, American Association for Cancer Surgeons Research G. Alexander Patterson, MD Associate Medical Director, Supply and Member, Cancer, Heart and Sleep Joseph C. Bancroft Professor of Surgery Resource Stewardship, BJC Healthcare Epidemiology B Study Section, National Editor in Chief, Annals of Thoracic Surgery Co-Lead, Colorectal Surgical Site Infection Institute of Health Pioneer Cohort, Children's Hospitals' Member, Susan G. Komen African American Varun Puri, MD, MSCI Health Equity Initiative Community Associate Professor of Surgery Solutions for Patienty Safety Advisory Board Member, Planning Committee 2020, American Association for Thoracic Surgery Douglas J.E. Schuerer, MD Brad W. Warner, MD Member, Lung Transplant Writing Group Professor of Surgery Chief, Division of Pediatric Surgery - Extracorporeal Support, American State Chair, Missouri Committee on Trauma Jessie L. Ternberg, MD, PhD Distinguished Association for Thoracic Surgery Professor of Pediatric Surgery Member, Scientific Affairs and Government Director, American Pediatric Surgical Relations Committee, American Association Foundation Association for Thoracic Surgery Associate Editor, Journal of Pediatric Member, Grants Review Committee, Surgery Thoracic Surgery Foundation NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AWARDS Gerald L. Andriole Jr., MD Nupam Mahajan, PhD Kiran Mahajan, PhD Chief, Division of Urologic Surgery Professor of Surgery Assistant Professor of Surgery Robert K. Royce Distinguished Professor Director of Urological Research Translational Science Award, Richard Williams Prostate Cancer Research Endowed Professor of Urological Research Congressionally Directed Medical Research Award, American Urological Association Translational Science Award, Program, Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Christopher T. Arett, MD Program, Department of Defense Ruben Nava Bahena, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Greenlight Career Development Award, American Center of Excellence designation from Association of Transplantation Boston Scientific Career Development Award, American Association of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 91

From left to right: Glover Copher, MD, with Meg White in front of her childhood home. Glover Copher, MD, Dr. Evarts Graham and others taken on Ferbruary 28, 1935, in front of Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. Glover Copher, MD. A Lasting Impact Renowned surgeon-scientist Glover Copher, addition to his own generosity, Copher personally persuaded many other prominent St. Louisans MD, would oftentimes take his granddaughter, to invest in the hospital and medical school. Meg White, on tours of Barnes-Jewish Hospital Early in his career, he saw a need to establish an when she was a child. To this day, she remembers endowment for research within the Department clearly how many people greeted her grandfather of Surgery, and thus established the Glover H. as they walked through the halls. “He was beloved. Copher Research Fund. Although he passed away Everyone knew him, from the doctors and nurses in 1970, Copher’s gift will continue to have an to the people in the cafes,” she says. impact on the surgical field in perpetuity. Dr. Copher’s popularity spoke to his passion for Recently, Copher’s gift funded general surgery his role as a professor of surgery at Washington resident Eileen Smith, MD, during her time as University School of Medicine in St. Louis. the inaugural Washington University Institute for Copher was driven to make the profession of Surgical Education (WISE) education fellow. surgery better, and was known for rarely taking While most general surgery residents use their time off. \"I enjoy my work so much that every day research years to pursue translational science is a vacation,\" he once said. or clinical outcomes research, Smith was most During his career, Copher published several interested in surgical education-based studies. research projects and pioneered investigations Because this is the less traditional route, at first, within the field of surgery. Most notably, Smith was concerned about receiving the proper he helped to discover a new x-ray process, funding for her work, but the resources available cholecystography, which enabled physicians through the Copher Research Fund enabled to examine a patient's gall bladder without an program leadership to establish a surgical exploratory operation. As both a dedicated education role for her. teacher and a proponent of experimentation, During the two-year fellowship, Smith designed Copher was a fervent supporter of involving his and executed curriculum for remote resident students in research. education during the COVID-19 pandemic, Ranking alongside Copher's many contributions revitalized the way the program prepared to the field of medicine was his philanthropy. In 92 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Top: Eileen Smith, MD. Bottom left: Eileen Smith, MD, and Timothy Eberlein, MD, performing surgery. Bottom right: Eileen Smith, MD, operating DaVinci robot in the WISE Center. residents for the oral boards, and conducted future of surgery, the department remains at the several education-related research projects. forefront of education and innovation. His legacy Smith’s changes to the educational structure of will live on not only through his many medical the program continue to be used today. advancements, but also through his generous “I feel so grateful to the program for helping philanthropy. make this happen and that we had these funds to support that effort,” says Smith. “Things like To Make a Gift this give us the flexibility to build the career that we're interested in, and it also demonstrates that The Department of Surgery welcomes your support. the department and our culture at the institution Ways to make a gift include annual unrestricted giving prioritizes our educational experience.” such as membership in the Eliot Society, gifts for education of residents and fellows, support for When informed how her grandfather’s funds had research and endowment, and planned gifts and been used to improve surgical education within bequests. For additional information please contact the the Department of Surgery, White was delighted. Office of Medical Advancement at (314) 935-9691 or “That's exactly what he wanted,” she says. “He email [email protected]. wanted that lasting impact.” Thanks to Copher’s leadership and vision for the Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 93

Giving The Department of Surgery gratefully acknowledges the generosity of the following donors: American Cancer Society, Inc. Foundation for Surgical Fellowships Rising Tide Foundation for Clinical American Heart Association-Dallas Ms. Deborah E. Fowler Cancer Research American Society for Surgery of the Dr. Robert D. Fry Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Hand Gateway for Cancer Research Mr. Robert A. Rosenthal American Society of Dr. Eugene Hsiao Ms. Vicki L. Rust Transplantation Dr. Donald V. Huebener Dr. and Mrs. James E. and Joan S. Ms. Rosemary Anderson Schiele Mr. and Ms. Steve and Lisa Dr. Bernard Jaffe Ms. Maggie Schmidt Arbuthnot Dr. and Ms. Donald and Jule Ms. Tina Sheppard Ms. Janice K. Ashley Kellogg Sientra, Inc. Barrett Brown Foundation Kent Imaging Society for Vascular Surgery Bemis Family Chiropractic Mr. and Mrs. Rick and Beth Kern Foundation Dr. and Mrs. Keith Eric and Tina Dr. and Mrs. Ira J. and Barbara Ann Ms. Karen Stairs Brandt Bottchen Kodner Mr. And Mrs. Moshe and Jacqueline C. Tal Breast Cancer Research Foundation Dr. Norman H. Leffler Dr. Craig J. Brenner Mr. and Mrs. Timothy S. and The Plastic Surgery Foundation Mr. Dale R. Burleson Margaret B. MacGregor Dr. and Mrs. Matthew R. and Mr. Timothy F. Campbell Dr. Keith Manchester Brooklyn Thom Dr. Lawrence J. Chase Dr. and Mrs. Marc and Helen Dr. Lewis J. Thomas, Jr. Children's Discovery Institute Rubenstein Dr. and Mrs. John and Victoria Gold Children's Hospital Foundation-St. Dr. and Ms. Mark Victor and Dr. David Jeffrey Weil and Ms. Louis Gretchen M. Mazziotti Laurie J. Richards Dr. and Mrs. James John and Lynne Mr. William R. Melcher Mr. Michael Win Clanahan Midwest Stone Institute Drs. Rupsa and Laurence Yee Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Dr. Leon Miller Dr. Yolanda Yang Dr. and Ms. Bela S. and Jennifer Dr. Arthur Joseph Misischia Denes Dr. Seymour C. Nash Dr. and Mrs. John Stanley and Mary Dr. George A. Oliver Frances Dillon Dr. and Mrs. William Frank and Mr. and Ms. John and Yvette Drury Debra F. Oppat Dubinsky Patient-Centered Outcomes Emerson Collective Fund Research Institute Dr. and Mrs. Juan A. and Gloria Dr. and Mrs. James L. and Carol Fernandez Porter Patton Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Ms. Kimberly J. Perry Hospital Phi Beta Psi Charity Trust Fund 94 Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Surgery on Social From left: Luis Sanchez, MD, Grant Bochicchio, MD, MPH, and Justin Sacks, MD, MBA. Stay in touch with all that is going on at Washington University Department of Surgery by connecting with us on social media. Department of Surgery: General Surgery Residency Program: Washington University Department of Surgery: Twitter: surgery.wustl.edu @WashUSurgRes Twitter: Instagram: @WashUSurgery @WashUSurgRes Facebook: facebook.com/WashUSurgery Vascular Surgery: Instagram: @WashUSurg Twitter: LinkedIn: @WashUVascular Washington University Department of Surgery Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Cardiothoracic Surgery: Instagram: Twitter: @WashUPRS @WashU_CT Public Health Sciences: Colon and Rectal Surgery: Twitter: Twitter: @WUSTLphs @WashUColorectal Urologic Surgery: Department of Surgery | Annual Report 2021 Twitter: @WashU_Uro 95

Department of Surgery Partner Institutions OFFICE OF THE CHAIR The 1,500 specialty and primary care Timothy Eberlein, MD clinicians who make up Washington William K. Bixby Professor and Chair University Physicians comprise the Department of Surgery medical staffs at Barnes-Jewish Hospital Jamie Sauerburger and St. Louis Children’s Hospital. Executive Director, Business Affairs Phone: (314) 362-6770 To view the annual report surgery.wustl.edu online, scan the QR code above Washington University School of Medicine CB 8109 or visit surgery.wustl.edu. 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110 DIVISION OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY (314) 362-7260 Section of Cardiac Surgery (314) 362-7260 Section of General Thoracic Surgery (314) 362-7260 Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery (314) 454-6165 DIVISION OF GENERAL SURGERY (314) 362-7792 Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery (314) 747-2829 Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery (314) 454-7177 Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery (314) 747-0410 Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery (314) 454-8877 Section of Surgical Oncology (314) 362-2280 Section of Transplant Surgery (314) 747-9889 Section of Vascular Surgery (314) 273-7373 DIVISION OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY (314) 454-6022 DIVISION OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (314) 362-7388 DIVISION OF PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES (314) 454-7940 DIVISION OF UROLOGIC SURGERY (314) 362-8200 Share on Twitter @WashUSurgery | #WashUSurgery Contact [email protected]