GE RIZAL Magazine

t modern nationalis

table of contents 2 Introduction 3 Downfall of the Philippines 6 Ang Mga Dalubhasa Ideas of the experts 11 Advocacy 17 Rizal Law 20 Summary 1

introduction Throughout the decades, the Philippines has been trying to undo all the wrongs that the previous generations instill upon us after the full independence granted to us by the United States. Those colonialists aren’t the ones to thank as our independence was a collective effort by the nationalists who fought for our rights as Filipinos that was powered by the greatest mind of the propaganda movement, Jose Rizal. The hero who captured the hearts and minds of the Filipinos through his literary masterpieces, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. The pen is indeed mightier than the sword. 2

downfall of the Philippines The Philippines in many Nations is a mixed economy that is a system that combines aspects of both capitalism and socialism. Nowadays, the Philippines faced many economic problems such as agriculture, COVID-19, Ukraine and Russia war, unmanaged population growth, poverty, lack of education, drugs and crimes. First of all, the Philippines have a slow economic growth and rapidly rising population that makes it difficult to expand education and health prices thus improve quality, because of that it is the government's reliance on support of foreign investors, foreign debts and foreign aid. Next is the congestion in Metro Manila and the impact on the economy because a lot of people in the province moved to Metro Manila as leads to overpopulation and experiencing heavy traffic. 3

During the pandemic, the economy of the Philippines went down because government units prevented local government units (LGU) from fulfilling their devolved mandates. Another recent problem is the Ukraine and Russia war because the prices of oil, natural gas, metals and food commodities surged. Basically a lot of people disobeyed the Philippine basic laws such as laws in the street, public places, government offices, communities and natural resources. Next is graft and corruption, as the Philippines have been facing throughout the years because of being pocketed by the greedy government officials billions of pesos that supposedly allocated for government spending on projects and programs for the society. Next is high unemployment because 30 - 35% of Philippine labor forces are jobless citizens as they are looking for jobs either they are not qualified or there is no job open for them. Hunger and poverty is also a main problem in the Philippines because hunger happens 4

when there is not enough supply of food or if the food is too expensive or not affordable at all. Afterwards, poverty in the Philippines has a lack of resources, money, shelter, healthcare and other basic needs. Lastly and the most highly government problem is crime and insurgency. Almost every day has been reported from robbery, small thefts, murder, fear of most people that never ends as well as declining investors due to crime and insurgency. It was likely more than a decade that hundreds of thousands Filipinos could have died because of endless war, conflicts that result in ambush, false beliefs that trigger chaos, Abusayaff, new peoples army and Moro Islamic liberation front are the militant groups fighting the government. 5

ang mga dalubhasa Claro Mayo Recto Jr. A Filipino nationalist, lawyer, and statesman who played a significant role in the Philippine struggle for independence from the United States. Joseph Ernest Renan A French philosopher, historian, and writer who played an influential role in the development of French nationalism. Benedict Anderson A political scientist and historian who was best known for his book \"Imagined Communities\" (1983), which has become a major and important work in the study of nationalism. 6

ideas of the experts Recto believed that the concept of a nation is rooted in the shared history, culture, and language of the people. He argued that the Philippines was a distinct nation with a unique identity and culture that was separate from its colonial oppressors. Recto believed that the Filipino people needed to reclaim their culture and language to achieve true independence. He argued that the imposition of a foreign language and culture by colonial powers was a form of cultural domination that perpetuated colonialism. Recto supported the Rizal Law, which was passed in 1956 and mandated the teaching of the life, works, and writings of national hero Jose Rizal in all schools in the Philippines. 7

Recto believed that the study of Rizal's writings could help promote Filipino nationalism and patriotism.. He believed that the American authorities wanted to undermine the Filipino identity and replace it with an Americanized version of Philippine history. Recto's ideas continue to inspire Filipino nationalists today who seek to reclaim their identity and culture. Recto made it clear that having a great Nationalist leader would make a great Nation. Having great leaders that are Nationalist would serve the best for our people, it would not only satisfy our interests as a Nation but also free us from the threats of Foreign Oppressors or even oppressors from our people. 8

Ernest Renan defined a nation to have a common will, shared glories, and shared deeds in order to develop its social capital. A shared ethnicity, religion, language, or geographic location do not make up a nation and it is regarded as a broad form of unity. A nation's citizens have a right to be taken into account while discussing broad-scale unity. A nation's existence is not only a desirable development; it is also essential. A nation has no desire to occupy or cling onto another nation against its will. Renan believed that the French nation was built on a shared history and culture that was constantly evolving. He argued that French nationalism was not based on a sense of superiority, but rather on a love of the French language, literature, and culture. Renan's ideas continue to influence French nationalism today, particularly in the promotion of the French language and culture. 9

Renan's ideas about nation and nationalism were influential in the development of modern European nationalism, as well as in the study of nationalism in general. His emphasis on the importance of shared memory and common goals as the basis of a nation continues to resonate with scholars and policymakers today. 10

Anderson argued that a nation is an \"imagined community\" that is based on a shared sense of identity and belonging. He believed that the rise of print capitalism in the 18th and 19th centuries enabled the creation of imagined communities through the dissemination of news, literature, and other printed materials. Benedict Anderson defined a nation as an political community, a sovereign for having supreme or ultimate power between a group that will never know each other yet have the same mindset over the image of their communion. These beliefs are being practiced in our Philippine society, as having a hundred and thirty-four ethnic groups that relatively each person doesn’t even know each other. However, it is the nature of Filipinos to have those common beliefs and principles that hold us to be a nation. Anderson also believed that nationalism was not inherently positive or negative, but rather a neutral force that could be used for good or bad purposes. He argued that nationalism could be a unifying force that brought people together, but it could also be used to exclude and oppress those who did not fit into the dominant national identity. 11

advocacy Being a nationalist holds the responsibility of catering to the importance of history, state, and awareness of the societal situation of the country. However, is it really important to be a nationalist of our country? Being a nationalist requires an appreciation of and a connection to the ideals, deeds, honorable lives, and those who formed the past that gave our country its identity. History has a significant role in the nation we live in today. Thus, it is our duty to thoroughly research and comprehend both the history of our nation and the nationalistic ideal; the ideals and values that have created our country are a result of the heroic past that our forefathers battled for. 12

If we simply let foreign nations invade us on a broad spectrum of aspects, it is humbling that it will be in some ways pointless for our forefathers who gave their lives in vain to defend our country. Our ancestors have relatively shown their will and love for the country, however, there are various ways to show how we can be nationalists. In the culture of our country, appreciation can be shown by celebrating the important days that were established during the significant day of our nation - thus history is important to not be forgotten because these are the marks of what we have right now. 13

To show for our nation we will generally stand up for it and defend it for many people, yet it doesn't mean we won't occasionally reflect on anything that was done incorrectly or something that will never be forgotten. Because love for the country is the fundamental definition of nationalism as well. In addition to this, enjoying the products of one's own country is also one of the activities of being a nationalist because instead of the product of another country, just like the importation of agricultural products, our agricultural farmers should be supported first. Furthermore, being politically aware is important to be able to say that an individual cares about who should rule and serve rightly. Freedom of expression is very important to the writers of the Constitution to express the thoughts of the people for their country. Part of being a good citizen is taking the lead in helping. 14

ice breaker Complete the crossword puzzle. 15

ice breaker Down 1. Father of Philippine Industrialization 2. The deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of ethnicity, nationality, religion, and race. 3. Centerpiece program of Macapagal 9. A group of people governed by the same laws and political institutions. Across 4. Large scale solidarity 5. Grand deception which the colonial powers succeeded in impressing upon the great majority of Asians. 6. Free trade at “parity rights”, 1946-1954 7. Identity with a group that share distinct physical and mental traits as product of common heredity and culture. 8. US Citizens with same rights and priviledges; exempted from 70%-30% provisions of the 1935 Constitution 10. Feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s of pride in and devotion to one’s nation 16

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rizal law The Republic Act 1425, known as the Rizal Law is an act to include courses on the life, works and writings of Rizal, specifically his novels Noli Me Tangere And El FIilibusterismo, in the curriculum of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities. It has been enacted on June 12, 1956, and was sponsored by Sen. Claro M. Recto. The main goals of this law are to educate children about the history of the Philippines, specifically about our national hero, and to prevent anyone from exploiting Rizal's novels. 17

The Rizal Law, is significant in social and political terms. It provides solutions to existing problems. It is a history subject that is packed with historical knowledge that can help us understand ourselves better as Filipinos. Learning from history can help us understand how things evolve over time and provide insight into the future. History aids in the creation of a more complete understanding of our country. It enables us to learn from history, which aids us in selecting how to approach the future. 18

Jose Rizal, a national historical hero, has made substantial contributions to our collective knowledge of our Filipino experience and identity. It influences our life decisions in order to tackle the issues we face in our community and even society. By acknowledging the force of nationalism, patriotism, national consciousness, and moral uprightness, it enables us to become properly educated and to respect a peaceful and wealthy country. 19

summary After the colonization of the Spanish government were dark times, the whole country, especially the Filipinos, suffered from an unimaginable nightmare that one could think of. Claro M. Recto, a Filipino nationalist aimed to implement the Rizal law for the Filipinos, especially the youth who may have lost their sense of nationalism, especially as time has passed from a long time ago. The basic concept of this aspect in the Philippines is that the nation has unity, individuality, and its own identification. As Ernest Renan said, a nation is something that represents a people with the same ideals and it may be from a history of past endeavors, sacrifice, and even devotion. A nation is said to be imagined, limited, sovereign and community according to Benedict Anderson. Despite each other's differences people imagine being in the same collective even if they have not met. In addition, there are other nations and some don’t lie on the same nation as where we are. For a nation formed on the basis of freedom, it must have a good foundation and formation in which justice, freedom and equality must be balanced and served to all and despite having inequality and exploitation, nation remains nation and remains deep “horizontal comradeship”. We must remember that being politically aware is important to be able to say that an individual cares about who should rule and serve rightly. Filipinos keep on choosing leaders that have no intentions in changing the colonial pattern of economy into an independent one and keep on relying on other countries which can add on the downfall of the Philippines. 20

meet the team Cayabyab, Ian Josefa, Euan Serrano, Marco Aguila, Elizabeth Barao, Ashleigh Martinez, Alyssa Rivera, Kolin 21

references Government Solutions To The Philippine Economic Problems. (n.d.). ImbaLife. https://www.imbalife.com/government-solutions-to-the- philippine-economic-problems?fbclid=IwAR2hQ8qAL-DNHiJ- QqdTiP_MYxNVs5KzMvney_-k5M4skmReZayiTG21SOI Cause of. (2014, October 4). Poverty in the Philippines. https://balonkayjohn.wordpress.com/cause-of-poverty-in-the- philippines/?fbclid=IwAR3c-Jo_- utWfjeDwXj2nCFXJc6cXYt2510i7zAyZvGIVXvrRHxIHfoSiX8 C. (2017, April 2). Colonial Mentality in the Philippines. The Mind of the Garrett. https://themindofthegarrett.wordpress.com/2017/04/02/colonial- mentality-in-the-philippines/? fbclid=IwAR3LHi2Sj7LxdaG4pkWs8J6FUUWjtYzyXOgUzR5gN9HGTiM IilxrSObdotE Sorensen, J. (2017, November 17). Nationalism Isn’t Patriotism. Nationalism Isn’t Patriotism. https://thenib.com/nationalism-isn-t- patriotism/?fbclid=IwAR1Z5tP-unbfQJGe1Mei2rC_HPJajdnK-d- A6Oo3kwKk3jkEHV5nCpeEBSw A. (n.d.). Exhibit-Rizal-Books-Noli-Fili. Philippine Folklife Museum Foundation | San Francisco, Ca. https://philippinefolklifemuseum.org/exhibit-rizal-books-noli-fili/ N. (2020, October 2). Keep Watch and Bear Witness with the Filipino People #DefendCivilLiberties #StopTheKillings. https://nccphilippines.org/2020/10/02/keep-watch-and-bear-witness- with-the-filipino-people-defendcivilliberties-stopthekillings/ Go, B. (2019, December 11). ‘Worth it’: Philippines reclaims SEA Games 2019 overall championship. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/sports/246997-philippines-overall- champion-2019/ Guillermo, J. (n.d.). Filipinos and Nationalism During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/philippines/filipinos- and-nationalism-during-covid-19-pandemic