CST

TYPICAL IRRIGATION CONTROLLER WIRING 4 SYSTEM INSTALLED 21 WITH CONTROL WIRES AND COMMON. C12 3412 5 1 25 33 10 31 C.S.T., PATHWAY SYSTEM TO 120V SUPPLY NOTE: \"P\" = SECONDARY 24V POWE CONTROL MODULE FROM CO \"F\" = FLOW SENSOR CONNEC \"MV\" = MASTER VALVE CONT

C.S.T. - PATHWAY SYSTEM INSTALLED CONTROLLER MODULE PT. # PWY- 400-COO FIELD MODULE PT. # PWY- 400-FOO TEL: + 508-763-8100 4 SIDEWALKMASTER VALVE FLOW 8 21 ROAD CROSSINGSENSOR AND ZONE1 NOW RUN OFF 1 EXISTING ZONE1 VALVE WIRES. 2PP 6 F FMV C12 3 4 NOTE: 3CL CONTROLLER MUST HAVE BOTH FLOW 71 SENSOR AND MASTER 94 82 VALVE OPTIONS AND BE CAPABLE OF 5 3 OPERATING A 6 MINIMUM OF 3 VALVES 7 4 SIMULTANEOUSLY. 8 95 9 10 6 10 11 3 7 P.O.C. 87 65 10 12 34ER SOURCE FOR 12ONTROLLER. 13CTIONS 1 & 2.TROLLER CONNECTION. 13

C.S.T. - PATHWAY- POWERED BY 24V POWER SUPPLY FROM CONTROLLER CONTROLLER MODULE PT. # PWY- 400-COO FIELD MODULE PT. # PWY- 400-FOO 112 5 PP 6 F FMV C12 3 4 4 MASTER VALVE FLOWSIDEWALK 8 2 CL 21 SENSOR AND ZONE1 ROAD CROSSING NOW RUN OFF 9 3 71 3 EXISTING ZONE1 82 VALVE WIRES. P.O.C. 4 3 NOTE: 10 5 CONTROLLER MUST 6 4 HAVE BOTH FLOW 7 95 SENSOR AND MASTER 8 10 6 VALVE OPTIONS AND 9 BE CAPABLE OF 10 OPERATING A 7 11 MINIMUM OF 3 VALVES SIMULTANEOUSLY. 87 65 12 34 3TO 120V SUPPLYNOTE:\"P\" = SECONDARY 24V POWER SOURCE FORCONTROL MODULE FROM CONTROLLER.\"F\" = FLOW SENSOR CONNECTIONS 1 & 2. \"MV\" = MASTER VALVE CONTROLLER CONNECTION. 113 C.S.T., PATHWAY POWERED BY 24V POWER SUPPLY

R FIELD MODULE CONNECTIONS1 BLUE VALVE COMMON WIRE LEAD FROM CONTROLLER2 PURPLE HOST ZONE VALVE POWER WIRE LEAD FROM CONTROLLER TEL: + 508-763-81003 ORANGE HOST VALVE SOLENOID WIRE LEAD4 WHITE HOST VALVE SOLENOID WIRE LEAD5 BROWN MASTER VALVE SOLENOID WIRE LEAD6 WHITE MASTER VALVE SOLENOID WIRE LEAD7 RED FLOW SENSOR \"RED\" WIRE LEAD (+)8 BLACK FLOW SENSOR \"RED\" WIRE LEAD (-) CONTROLLER MODULE (CM) CONNECTIONS1 SENSOR - FLOW SENSOR PLUS (-) TERMINAL OF IRRIGATION CONTROLLER2 SENSOR + FLOW SENSOR MINUS (+) TERMINAL OF IRRIGATION CONTROLLER3 MASTER VALVE \"L\" MASTER VALVE TERMINAL OF IRRIGATION CONTROLLER4 MASTER VALVE \"C\" IRRIGATION CONTROLLER \"COMMON\" WIRE TERMINAL WITH FIELD COMMON WIRES CONNECTED5 ZONE VALVE \"L\" \"HOST\" ZONE VALVE TERMINAL OF IRRIGATION CONTROLLER ONLY6 ZONE VALVE \"C\" NO CONNECTION. THIS TERMINAL IS INTERNALLY CONNECTED TO THE MASTER VALVE “C” TERMINAL.7 NETWORK \"L\" POWER WIRE TO THE HOST VALVE DISCONNECTED FROM THE CORRESPONDING CONTROLLER ZONE VALVE TERMINAL8 NETWORK \"C\" NOT CONNECTED9 POWER \"L\" 24 VAC POWER FROM THE CONTROLLER'S AUXILLARY POWER LOAD OR \"HOT\" TERMINAL10 POWER \"C\" 24 VAC POWER FROM THE CONTROLLER'S AUXILLARY POWER COMMON TERMINAL

CREATIVE SE CONTROLLER MODU FIELD MODULE PT. #12 6 F F MV C12 3 4 4 SIDEWALK11 5 21 71 24V 82 3 4 95 10 6 3 TO 120V SUPPLY NOTE: SECONDARY 24V POWER SUPPLY FOR CONTROL MODULE FROM 24V TRANSFORMER. \"F\" = FLOW SENSOR CONNECTIONS 1 & 2. \"MV\" = MASTER VALVE CONTROLLER CONNECTION.2 C.S.T. PATHWAY - USING SEPARATE 24V POWER

ENSOR TECHNOLOGY FIELD MODUULE PT. # PWY- 400-COO 1 BLUE VALVE COMMON WIRE PWY- 400-FOO 2 PURPLE HOST ZONE VALVE PO MASTER VALVE FLOW SENSOR AND ZONE1 ROAD CROSSING 81 3 ORANGE HOST VALVE SOLENO NOW RUN OFF EXISTING ZONE1 2 4 WHITE HOST VALVE SOLENO VALVE WIRES. 5 BROWN MASTER VALVE SOLE NOTE: CONTROLLER MUST 6 WHITE MASTER VALVE SOLE HAVE FLOW SENSOR & MASTER VALVE 3 7 RED FLOW SENSOR \"RED\" OPTIONS. THE 24 V EXTERNAL POWER 9 8 BLACK FLOW SENSOR \"RED\" SUPPLY WILL SUPPLY POWER TO MASTER 4 VALVE AND FLOW SENSOR. 5 CONTROLLER MOD 6 7 1 SENSOR- FLOW SENSOR (-) TER 8 7 9 2 SENSOR + FLOW SENSOR (+) TER 10 87 65 P.O.C. 3 MASTER VALVE \"L\" MASTER VALVE TERM 12 34 11 10 4 MASTER VALVE \"C\" IRRIGATION CONTROL WIRES CONNECTED 5 ZONE VALVE \"L\" \"HOST\" ZONE VALVE T 6 ZONE VALVE \"C\" CONNECT WITH JUMP 7 NETWORK \"L\" POWER WIRE TO THE CORRESPONDING CO 8 NETWORK \"C\" CONNECT WITH JUMP MODULE 12 13 9 POWER \"L\" 24V POWER - FROM SR SUPPLY 13 10 POWER \"C\" 24V POWER - FROM S

Creative Sensor Technology 9/24/2012 Flow RangeModel Number Size Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Maximum Recommended Velocity in fps Velocity in fps Rate in GPM Rate in GPM Design Flow in GPM in Class 200 PVC in Class 200 PVC 7 1/2 FPSDI/Badger735PV05 1/2\" 2 20 2.5 25 10735PV75 3/4\" 2 20 4 40 16735PV10 1\" 2 20 6 60 25CSTFSI-T10-001 1\" 0.25 15 1 50 25FSI-T15-001 1.5\" 0.25 15 1.5 100 54FSI-T20-001 2\" 0.25 15 3 160 85FSI-S30-001 3\" 0.25 12 6 300 185FSI-S40-001 4\" 0.25 12 10 480 300DI/Badger250B-1 1\" 0.5 15 1.5 50 25220P 1.5 1.5\" 1 30 7 210 54220P 2 2\" 1 30 11 339 85220P 3 3\" 1 30 25 750 184220P 4 4\" 1 30 40 750 300Compare minimum velocity or flow, CST reads lower in every caseIn fact, the 1 1/2\" CST Sensor, read lower flows than all the DI/ Badger 735 Series and they beat the equivelent size 220PMaximum Velocity ratings for CST sensors are double the design maximum for irrigation pipingVelocity ratings of 30 fps are meaningless - no one would ever run water that fast

Technical AdvantagesCST Flow Sensors outperform the competition1. Flow Range of SensorsFSI Tee type Sensors measure flows from ¼ to 15 fps (feet per second) and FSI Saddle typesensors measure flow from 1/4 to 12 fps while the Data Industrial 220P sensors measurefrom 1 to 20 fps.* The DI 735 Series are even worse with a minimum of 2 fps**FSI sensors can measure lower flows because the sensing device, the impeller, is smaller andlighter and the sensor insert and mounting tee have been custom designed to enhance thepath of the water through the device. The difference is significant, a 1 ½” CST sensor willmeasure 1 ½ gpm while a 1 ½” DI 220P sensor is rated at a minimum of 7 gpm. The minimumflow in a 2” size is 3 gpm for the CST and 10 GPM for DI. In fact, a 1 1/2” CST sensor willmeasure lower flows than a 1/2” Data Industrial 735.**The upper end of the range for both sensors is well beyond the 5 fps maximum design flows ofirrigation pipe. Flow sensors should be sized to the flow range rather than the pipe size. Oftenit is necessary to install a smaller flow sensor than the pipe size. As the size goes down- thevelocity of flow goes up. CST’s maximum flow of 15 fps is high enough to insure that the flowsensor is capable of measuring the maximum design flows of pipes larger than the sensor.Rating a flow range to 30 fps is beyond any practical application and meaningless.2. 1” Sensor ConstructionCST has a 1 inch PVC Sensor in the FSI series, DI has only a threaded brass unit.With today’s emphasis on drip irrigation, stream rotors and other lower precipitationproducts, smaller irrigation zones and smaller flow rates require smaller size, more sensitiveflow sensors. CST FSI series includes a 1 inch PVC sensor that measures flow rates below 1gpm. This cost effective sensor features socket connections to easily install on PVC pipingwithout adapters.The DI 250B sensor is expensive, requires threaded adapters and does not measure flow be-low ½ fps.* Specifications taken from “Badger IR220P –PVC Irrigation Flow Sensor - Sample Specifications” DSS-016-01 on Badger website** Specifications taken from “Badger 735 Series –Plastic Tee Type Impeller Flow Sensor - Technical Brief” DTB-084-01 on Badger website

3. Pressure RatingThe CST FSI Series tee type flow sensors are rated at 240 psi and saddle type sensors arerated at 150 psi working pressure, the DI sensor while fabricated out of a schedule 80 tee isonly rated at 100 psi.*FSI sensor parts are custom designed and molded. Each sensor size has been tested to allow aworking pressure of 240 psi at 60º F. The DI sensor is made from a standard schedule 80 teeand machined PVC parts. The location of the mounting pin through the PVC adapter limits itspressure rating to 100 psi at 60ºF.4. Sensor AssemblyThe CST sensor insert is held into the mounting tee with a larger diameter, ACME threadedretaining nut making disassembly and assembly quick and easy, particularly in undergroundvalve boxes.The DI sensor insert is held in the mounting tee with a pin and split ring. The insert must bealigned and inserted to the correct depth in order to push the pin horizontally through thehousing. This can be awkward and difficult in the small valve box.5. Electrical ProtectionThe CST sensor electronics have been designed with protection against reverse wiring,overvoltage and over current.Both the CST and the DI circuits are protected against reverse wiring- connecting the flowsensor leads to the wrong flow sensor terminals + and -. However, the CST electronic circuitsare newly designed and incorporate the latest protection against over-voltage- connecting theflow sensor wires to another higher voltage circuit like zone valve wiring. CST circuits alsofeature over current protection to protect the sensor from wiring issues.6. Watertight IntegrityThe CST sensor housing and wiring has been designed to protect the electronics frommoisture, improving on the design flaw of the DI sensor.Flow sensors are mounted below grade in moist and often flooded valve boxes. The CSTsensor housing has been designed to hold the detection electronics encapsulated with a waterresistant epoxy completely surrounding the circuit board. The wire leads are constructedusing a water blocking design insuring that moisture cannot wick down the wires and enterthe circuit. The DI design is flawed by design. The pin that holds the housing into themounting tee pierces the potting compound fractions of an inch from the circuit board. Thishas been a moisture path and cause of sensor failure for the life of the sensor.* Specifications taken from “Badger IR220P –PVC Irrigation Flow Sensor - Sample Specifications” DSS-016-01 on Badger website

Comparison of CST impeller type flow sensors paired with irrigation control valves Vs. Netafim/Bermad HydrometersIntroductionThe measurement and control of water flow in irrigation systems has become increasingly morepopular as a water conservation and control measure. Once only available with high endcentral control systems, technology has brought this added capability to stand alone controllersfor smaller commercial and residential applications. These “Smart” controllers can interpret arate of flow input signal, compare it with data stored in memory and initiate control actionsthrough valve outputs. Continual monitoring, comparison and control can increase water useefficiency and improve landscape quality. However, results can vary greatly with the quality ofthe input and the ability of the control logic.There appears to be some debate and many varying opinions comparing the use of acombination flow sensor and control valve (a hydrometer) vs. the separate Creative SensorTechnology flow sensor and a commercial grade irrigation control valve as the input and outputdevices in a control system. This white paper is intended to identify pros and cons of both typesof products in terms of performance, accuracy and cost. The control logic will not be discussedat this time.It is recognized that site conditions or personal designer preferences may also dictate productselection that is not address in this analysis.AssumptionsIn the interest of comparing the combination flow sensor/master valve product marketed byNetafim USA or Bermad, Inc. as the Hydrometer with a CST flow sensor and separate mastervalve, performance criteria of Hunter ICV, Superior 3000 Series and Nelson 800 Series controlvalves have been used. Other commercial irrigation valves would have similar performancebut should be validated as a matter of practice.Comparative DataFirst let’s look at published data in terms of available product features and sizes.Available Sizes 1

CST TypicalFlow Sensor Series Hydrometer SeriesAvailable Size End Connection Available size End Connection 1\" PVC Socket NA None PVC Socket MPT 1 1/2 \" PVC Socket 1 1/2\" MPT FPT 2\" PVC Saddle 2\" FPT 3\" PVC Saddle 3\" Metal Flange 4\" PVC Saddle 4\" Metal Flange 6\" 6\" Metal FlangeIn this table, CST offers a wider range of flow sensors particularly in small sizes. CST hasa 1-inch PVC Sensor in the FSI series, Hydrometers is not offered in this size. With today’semphasis on drip irrigation, stream rotors and other lower precipitation products, smallerirrigation zones and lower flow rates require smaller size, more sensitive flow sensors.CST FSI series includes a 1- inch PVC sensor that measures flow rates below 1 gpm. Thiscost effective sensor features socket connections to easily install on PVC piping withoutadapters. PVC saddles design requires no extensive over-excavation compared with aflanged or MPT/FPT connection.Operating Flow Range of SensorsCST “Tee-type” sensors measure flows from ¼ to 15 fps (feet per second) and “Saddle-type”sensors measure flow from 1/4 to 12 fps.By contrast, flow measures can vary from size to size for a typical hydrometer for irrigationpurposes. The following table shows the published minimum and maximum flow rates ingallons per minute for both products. CST Flow Typical Sensor Series Hydrometer SeriesAvailable Size Minimum Maximum Available size Minimum Maximum1\" 0.86 52 NA1 1/2 \" 1.8 108 1 1/2\" MPT 1.8 552\" 2.8 170 2\" FPT 5.3 953\" 6 300 3\" 14 2204\" 10 480 4\" 21 3806\" 30 1000 6\" 53 860CST flow sensors detect lower flow rates in all cases except the 1-½ inch size. They alsomeasure to a higher flow rate in every size. Installing a smaller CST flow sensor sizeenhances the ability to detect leaks and will save costs without sacrificing the ability tomeasure larger flow zones.CST sensors can measure lower flows because the sensing device, the impeller, is smallerand lighter than the rotor in the Hydrometer and the sensor insert and mounting tee havebeen custom designed to enhance the path of the water through the device. 2

Friction LossesThe table below lists published friction losses through competitive globe-style remotecontrol valves when compared against typical hydrometer series. Friction losses will varynot only between different valve sizes but valve materials (plastic vs. brass) and lastly valveconfigurations (globe vs. angle). Verify the friction losses of the valve to be used forcomparative purposes.Pressure drop comparison of master valves with Hydrometer at maximum flows Hunter ICV Superior 3000 Nelson 800 HydrometerAvailable Size Flow Rate1 1/2 \" 55 2.6 3.2 0.8 5.7 2\" 95 3.7 3.0 1.7 7.4 3\" 220 5.3 5 0.9 5.7 4\" 380 1.0 7.5 6\" 860 6.1The CST Series “Tee” type flow sensors have virtually no pressure loss throughout theirrange of operation. Pressure drop readings during flow tests indicate less than a 0.1 lb.pressure drop at 10 fps flow rates. However, for comparison purposes the table showsthe pressure drop comparison between selected irrigation valves used as master valvesand hydrometers.Because the CST sensor can operate over a wider range of flows with practically no frictionloss, an argument could be made for using a one size smaller CST flow sensor and Nelsonmaster valve, to reduce cost and lower the minimum measured flow rate. The CST flowsensor with its extended range can operate at 2 ½ to 3 times the design flow rate of thepipe while the Nelson 800 master valve can control the larger flow with significantly lesspressure loss than a hydrometer series. Example, a 2 inch FST-T20-001 sensor and 2 inchNelson 800 will measure up to 170 gpm with a friction loss of less than 3 psi. Ahydrometer would be sized at 3 inch and create a pressure drop of 3.7 psi.ServiceabilityCST Sensor AssemblyThe CST sensor insert is held into the mounting tee or saddle of a larger diameter, ACMEthreaded retaining nut making disassembly and assembly quick and easy, particularly inunderground valve boxes. The only moving part is the impeller. The molded HDPEimpeller has an integral high clearance, self-flushing bearing allowing it to handlesuspended solids. The wide open flow passage will handle solids or debris that may befound in re-cycled or reclaimed water. Replacement impeller/shaft kits are available for$35.00 and take less than a minute to install. Servicing needs to be completed with themainline depressurized and partially drained.Hydrometer AssemblyThe flow sensing portion of the device is located inside the cast iron body and is accessed byremoving the meter register assembly, the top cover and the valve diaphragm assembly and 3

spring. Then the impeller and shaft may be removed for cleaning or replacement.Handling these five or six parts plus six or eight nuts and bolts while keeping the body cleanin an underground valve box may take some time. These too require servicing with themainline de-pressurized and drained.Ease of installationThe most commonly heard reason for using a hydrometer is the claim that it is much easierto install. Hydrometer combines flow sensing and valve control in one housing,eliminating the need for a straight pipe section before and after the flow sensor. This isvalid particularly in situations where a flow sensor and control valve are being retrofit intoexisting piping systems where there is insufficient horizontal piping distances toaccommodate two separate components. But how much easier is it? In small diameterpiping, 1 ½ or 2 inch applications, the total difference in laying length between the CST flowsensor plus master valve and a hydrometer may amount to less than 10” for the 1 ½ inchand 15” for the 2 inch size.1 Is more digging required, yes, but also consider handling aflow sensor that weighs less than 1 pound and a master valve that weighs less than 3.5pounds vs. a cast iron bodied unit that weighs 16 pounds. Also, care must be taken not todamage the polyester coating on the hydrometer. Scratching the coating will expose thecast iron to corrosion which may shorten its service life. Finding an alternative site tomount the flow sensor/master valve may be a better choice.In larger diameter piping, the net difference in laying length is similar. Straight piperequirements are the same for separation purposes but using a saddle type CST flow sensormeans the installation is practically the same. In both cases, the installation will requirecutting the pipe and adding companion flanges to connect the valve or hydrometer body tothe pipe. The length of a 3 inch wafer style Nelson 800 series valve is 7 inches, making it 5inches shorter than the 12 3/16 length of the Hydrometer flanged unit. The flow sensor,mounted 15 inches upstream of the valve only requires a single 1 ¾ inch hole be drilled inthe pipe. Weight may also be an installation consideration. The CST saddle type sensorweighs less than 3 pounds and the Nelson 800 wafer valve weighs 7.3 pounds compared to35 pounds for the hydrometer. Cost of shipping with ever-increasing cost of fuel issomething commonly not considered but is a “hidden” cost not always considered whenspecifying product.1 Dimensions calculated from published dimensions of sensors, valve and Hydrometer plus fittings and pipenipples between flow sensor and master valves.AccuracyIt’s important to note that “accuracy” may be stated in so many ways that it is oftenmis-interpreted or misunderstood. Often times more than just published figures must betaken into consideration to determine the best product to use.The accuracy of a measurement system may be defined is the degree of closeness ofmeasurements of a quantity to that quantity's actual (true) value. However, accuracy isoften stated with varying conditions to make the results in product specifications morefavorable to the product being described. 4

Accuracy statements for flow measuring devices may compare the indicated or signaledquantities with the actual quantity as a percentage, but caution must be used to interpretthe conditions attached to the number: Is it a percentage of rate of flow or volume? Is it stated as a percent of full scale or actual rate? Is it stated as plus or minus X% or just a percentage? Two such devices advertising accuracy of 2% could disagree by 4% and still be within the specification. Does the statement narrow the measurement range to “tighten” the percentage?Both CST flow sensors and hydrometers are most commonly used in irrigation applicationsas rate of flow sensors to supply data to an irrigation controller capable of making logicalcontrol decisions based on that data. The controller receives the information from the flowsensing device as a stream of pulses or frequency.Creative Sensor Technology does not publish it sensor accuracy. However, to establish ourcalibration constants, the K and Offset numbers used to convert our frequency output to aflow rate by the irrigation controller, we employ the services of NIST traceable calibrationlaboratories to collect data from multiple sensors over the full range of flow for each givensize. The data is analyzed using linear regression techniques to produce conversionconstants for each flow sensor size. Mathematically these numbers may be expressed bythe equation GPM= (FREQ+Offset)/K. Individually, the frequency, produced by a flowsensor may be within +/- 1 % of actual flow.CST sensors are true “rate-of-flow” devices, measuring the speed of the water as it travelsthrough the pipe. They produce a frequency in the range of 2- 150 Hz (cycles per second)proportional to the velocity of the water. This frequency equals about 90 pulses per gallonfor a 1 ½ inch sensor. A hydrometer is actually a mechanical totalizer fitted with a switchoutput that closes every time the gear assembly makes one revolution, resulting in anoutput of 1 pulse per gallon for all meters up through 4 inch size.How the firmware in the microprocessor in the irrigation controller processes thatinformation may have more to do with overall accuracy than the flow sensing device.Consider the consequence of missing pulses at the beginning or ending of an irrigationcycle, or while the microprocessor in the controller is performing other functions.In the case of the CST sensor, the missed pulse represents fractions of ounces while theHydrometer pulse represents a gallon.Furthermore, when measuring higher rates of flow, the CST sensor is still measuring velocityand producing a digital frequency within the same range. A hydrometer equipped withthe reed switch maintains the same one-gallon value per pulse. At higher rates ofoperation, a mechanical reed switch may begin to float or bounce. Can a mechanicalswitch open and close faster than six times per second without adding or missing pulses asit would be required to do to measure 380 gpm with a four inch hydrometer?Cost Comparison 5

The combined list prices for a CST flow sensor and commercial grade master valve is lessthan ½ the list price of a Netafim Hydrometer with reed switch output.22 Comparison of 2014 pricing of CST FSI-T20-001 flow sensor and 2” Hunter ICV-201G-FS master valve withHydrometer LHM2TG1-MEL. Choosing another valve would not change the cost comparison.Summary Compare the CST flow sensor and separate master valve vs. the Hydrometer 1. CST/MV is available in a one inch size, Hydrometer is not. 2. CST/MV has a much broader flow range for each size often allowing smaller sizes to be used. 3. CST/MV has significantly lower friction loss improving performance and efficiency. 4. CST/MV has separate components and is easier to service. 5. CST/MV may not be harder to install when considering the size and weight of components. 6. CST/MV has a frequency output signal that may result in higher overall system accuracy. 7. CST/MV costs less than half the cost of the same size Hydrometer.This white paper is intended to provide fact vs. friction and to dispel misnomers specific tothis topic. As previously noted, unique site conditions, design considerations and personaldesign preferences may also interplay or over-ride a decision to consider CST flow sensors.Need more information, call us (508) 763-8100 or go onlinewww.creativesensortechnology.comNote: All specifications taken from date published by the reference manufacturers and available on theirwebsites 6

FSI-T00-001 Flow SensorWarranty -Creative Sensor Technology, Inc. (The “Seller”) of 125 Paradise Lane, Rochester, MA 02770warrants to the Original Purchaser (The “Purchaser”) of its products supplied hereunder to befree from significant defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for aperiod of 18 months from the date of shipment by the Seller or 12 months from the date ofinstallation by the Purchaser, whichever period shall be shorter (“the Warranty Period”),unless otherwise agreed in writing or provided for in a written product-specific warranty.This warranty does not apply to products that are the subject of negligence, accident, ordamage by circumstances beyond Seller’s control, or any improper operation, maintenance,storage, installation or use. This warranty also does not apply to accessory items that werenot manufactured by Seller, all of which are sold “as is” and without warranty by Seller.This warranty does not cover limited life components such as bearings, shafts or impellerswhere wear rate is a function of application and environment.If the Purchaser wishes to make a claim hereunder, he shall send written notice to Seller ofany defect within the warranty period. A failure to provide such notice constitutes a waiver ofthe remedies specified herein. If Seller receives timely notification and if the products areproved to Seller’s satisfaction to have a warranted defect, Seller will, at its own discretion,expense and within a reasonable period of time, either (1) repair, correct or cure thewarranted defect(s), or (2) replace the defective product, or (3) give the Purchaser a refund ofthe price it paid for the product, prorated where appropriate to adjust for the value of anyproduct accepted and retained by the Purchaser.These remedies shall be the Purchaser’s exclusive remedies (and the sole and exclusiveliability of the Seller) for any defects or deficiencies relating to or arising out of product sold bythe Seller. The foregoing limited warranty is exclusive and is in lieu of all other warranties,expressed, implied or arising by law, custom or conduct, including but not limited to theimplied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, which are expresslydisclaimed. Creative Sensor Technology, Inc. Rev FSI_T1008 www.creativesensortechnology.comPO Box 426, Rochester, MA 02770 Ph: 508-763-8100