Auxiliary-verbs finish.pptx

Auxiliary verbs An auxiliary verb helps the main verb and is also called a helping verb. That action happened in the past or is happening in the present or will happen in the future. Auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs, add functional or grammatical meaning to the clauses in which they appear. They perform their functions in several different ways: By expressing tense ( providing a time reference, i.e. past, present, or future) Grammatical aspect (expresses how verb relates to the flow of time) Modality (quantifies verbs) Voice (describes the relationship between the action expressed by the verb and the participants identified by the verb’s subject, object, etc.) Adds emphasis to a sentence



To be 2.Use with requests and commands (in the form of be) ,such as Is, am, are, was, were ▪ Be careful! ▪ Be gentle 1.Acting to help other verbs in continuous tense sentence and Passive voice sentence. ▪ I am going to the park. ▪ The ship was sailing in the Pacific in 2004. ▪ They are watching tv. ▪ A dog was killed by bad man. ▪ He was blamed because of his foolishness.

• Breakfast is ready. • His father was a famous pilot. • He will tell us foll what ever was and what never was. • I am to have tea with Ladda this afternoon. • You are to see the head master in this room.

To have Have,has,had We will use with Present Perfect ▪ Tense and Past Perfect tense,such as   ▪ • Frank has seen the rainbow. •  Has Frank seen the rainbow? ▪ •  They haven’t watched the movie. •  We had watched TV for two hours before we fell asleep. • She had never visited her grandparents until she was 10 years old.  

Have = make it happen, make it action. have + object + v3 • I had my hair cut. • I had my car washed. He has his car washed every month. Does he have his car washed every month. He does not have his car washed every month.

To do Do,does,did Used with present Simple or past SimpleWhen we want to change the affirmative sentence to a sentence of questions and negative sentences.,such as ✔ Present Simple •    She goes to school by bus. •    She doesn’t go to school by bus. •    Does she go to school by bus? ✔ Past Simple •    Dum went to the post office yesterday. •    Dum didn’t go to the post office yesterday. •    Did Dum go to the post office yesterday? (When taking v.to do to help ,it must be v.1 always.)

Can …

Shall 1.Used when talking about personal opinions, such as 1. Used in the future tense ,normally shall ❖ People should be careful about food. will be used with I and we. ❖ She shouldn’t act like that in public. ❖ Shall we go now? ❖ Shall I call a doctor for you? 2. Used Should I….? for requesting advice and assistance, such as 2. Used to offer or give advice and used ❖ Should I go out with him ? when requesting advice, we will use ... ❖ Should I help you clean up this area? ❖ Shall I carry your books? ❖ Shall we go shopping? 3.Used when talking about things that should be done ,such as 3. Shall is often used in formal situations ❖ You work all day. You should take a rest. (legal or legalistic documents, meetings, ❖ You are sick. You should go to see a etc.) ❖ The college president shall report doctor. financial shortfalls to the executive director each semester.

Will Would 1.Used when we talk about the 1.Used in a more polite request than“will”. future. • Would you turn the volume down please? • She will buy a bike next month • I think the weather will be nice ?2.Used with sentences Would you mind if…. later • Would you mind if I smoke? 2.Used will show a polite request ,such as 3.ใช would กบั คํา rather แปลวา ควรจะ….ดี • Will you open the door for me กวา ตวั ยอ ‘d rather ,It used to choose one. please? • I’d rather study harder this year than go to • Will you find the meaning of summer school. the word for me? 4.Use would and like to in the form of questions as an invitation, such as • Would you like to go dancing with me?

May&Might 1.Can be used to talk about something 3.Use may /might to ask for permission that is likely to be true or not true. ,such as o We may take a day off next week. o May I sit here? o He might call me tonight. ?o May I go to toilet 2.Might not be the past of may we will use might when we have a chance that is less 4.May use to allow and disallow ,such as than may. o Children may not play alone in the pool. o I may go to visit my parents in this o A: May I turn the TV on? weekend. (50%) B: Yes, of course you may. o Jane might go with me. (30%)

must 4Used to express the intention or confidence of the speaker • We often use must to say that something I must finish this before I go to bed. is essential or necessary. Must is a modal 5 Used to request (something that is auxiliary verb. It is followed by a main unavoidable) verb. must cannot be followed by to. Must doesn’t added -s in the third You must forgive me for that matter. person singular. Negatives is made with not. The negative form of must is mustn’t. We don’t use don’t/doesn’t/didn’t with must. Use of must. You must not leave any rubbish. 1. To express obligation or duty The subject and must change position to form questions. We don’t use do/does/did: I must memorize all of these rules about Must you make that noise? modal verbs. We can use must to talk about the present or I must talk to you about the new project. the future. Look at these examples: I must go now. (present) 2. To emphasize the necessity of something I must call my mother tomorrow. (future) Humans must have drinking water at least every two days. 3Deduction - Sure that something is true (Certainty) Look at all of that snow. It must be really cold outside.





Ought • Affirmative Ought to comes first in the verb phrase (after the 1.We use ought to when talking about things subject and before another verb): which are desired or ideal such as We ought to do more exercise. They ought to have more parks in the city Ought to cannot be used with another modal verb: centre. Medicine ought to be free. We ought to eat lots of fruit and vegetables Not: Medicine ought to can be free. or Medicine every day can ought to be free. • Negative 2.We use ought to have + -ed form to talk The negative is formed by adding ‘not’ after ought about things that were desired or ideal in the (ought not to). It can be contracted to oughtn’t to. past but which didn’t happen. It can express We don’t use don’t, doesn’t, didn’t with ought to regret We ought not to have ordered so much food. I often think that I ought to have studied • Questions medicine not pharmacy. (I would be happier The subject and ought to change position to form now if I had studied medicine.) questions. We don’t use do, does, did Ought we to be more worried about the environment? Remember that OUGHT is always followed by to + infinitive.

Dare As an ordinary verb, dare is followed by the infinitive with to. Questions and Dare is used in two ways – as an ordinary negatives are made with verb to do. verb and as an auxiliary verb. As a modal auxiliary verb Do you dare to say what you think? As an auxiliary verb, dare is followed by she dares to say what she thinks. an infinitive without to. Questions and She didn’t dare to open the door. negatives are made with not. Ordinary dare has the -s marking in the She daren’t say what she thinks. third person singular. She dare say what she thinks. Dare she tell him? I dare to say what I think. No: It looks like he dares fight the big She dares to say what she thinks. guy. They dare to say what they think. Yes: It looks like he dare fight the big guy.

Need is used both as an ordinary verb •The auxiliary need is sometimes used with and as an auxiliary verb. .hardly,never,scarcely only etc • The auxiliary verb need remains •We need hardly say that we are very unchanged, whatever be the number or grateful. person of the subject. It is common in •You need only sign this paper and I will do negative clauses. It does not have -s in the rest. the third person singular. Need is followed by the infinitive without ‘to’. If the answer is in the negative, say ‘No, Need only modal in the negative(followed you need not.’ If the answer is in the by the ‘not’) , Interrogative and positive, say – ‘Yes, you must.’ Negative Implication When referring to past time, need is ❖ You need not wait. followed by the perfect infinitive (have + past participle). ❖ He need not ask my permission. • We need not have waited for them. ❖ They need not make such a fuss over it. • We need not have wasted our time and ❖ Need you continue your studies abroad? energy on that project. • You need not have lost your temper. ❖ Need you marry her next month? ❖ Sam need rarely go to see the movie.

Used to With the negative and the question it's 'use' and not ' • Used to + infinitive o Did you use to be a teacher? We use this expression to o Did he use to study French? o She didn't use to like talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we chocolate, but she does now. don't do in the present. We also o I didn't use to want to have a use it to talk about states in the past which are no longer true. nice house. For example: o I used to have long hair (but Note! With this 'used to' there is no verb 'be'. We now I have short hair). CAN'T say 'I am used to have o He used to smoke (but now he long hair'. doesn't smoke). o They used to live in India (but now they live in Germany).

❑Had better • You had better tell him the ❑ had rather truth. • Had I better go home now? (= would rather) • I had sooner take a taxi ❑ Had sooner than walk. (=would sooner) • I had better not see him. • I had rather not see him. • I would rather not see him.

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