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PhilippinesISSUE 08 | AUGUST 2022 In this issue: FEATURED:PHILIPPINES HOME TO SINGERS A SETTING FULL OF & POWERHOUSE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE PAGEANT BEAUTY Filipinos as an accommodating TAKE A LOOK: community with an appreciative Far Eastern disposition Pearlescence DIVERSE LITERATURE An Ample Attractions to see and wander The depth and breadth of Philippine literature have grown in lockstep with the country's development.

VOYAGER GUIDE CONTENTS Pre-Colonial Colonial  Present 15    01 Prodigious Environmental Assets The Wonder of the Literature History Don't miss out on the beautiful scenery here in the Philippines. 07 Musical Literature 09 Culture 3    Colonial Literature 8   Home to Singers 10     Cultural Festivals 11    Beauty Pageant Powerhouse 12    Scrumptious Delicacies THE BEAUTY OF THE PHILIPPINES

LITERATURE Native boats and outriggers as HISTORY depicted in The history and conquest of the Philippines and our other island possessions; embracing our war with the Filipinos[47] by Alden March 1899. PRE-HISTORY RELIVING THE PAST 01 | PRE-COLONIAL The country's colonial past has left an indelible mark on the literature of the Philippines. The pre-colonial literature of Filipinos whose ancestors preserved their indigenous culture can be accurately depicted through oral lore. Stories from ancient times were passed down by oral tradition rather than written records. The pre-colonial Filipinos' oral literature bore the community's mark. The emphasis was always on the communal experiences of the people who make up the village, such as food harvesting, nature's creatures and products, domestic work, and so on. Since the \"Tabon Man\" was found in a cave in Palawan in 1962, we have been able to extend our knowledge of prehistory back to a point 50,000 years earlier than previously thought. The Tabon pieces take their name from the local Tabon Caves. The cave complex resembles a Stone Age factory.

FEATURING: BIAG NI LAM-ANG SPARK YOUR IMAGINATION AND PIQUE YOUR CURIOSITY Folk narratives, including epics and tales, are Before the arrival of the Spanish, the ancient diverse, exotic, and mystical in their variety and Filipinos had already created their fables and scope. For many centuries, they were used to legends. Folk proverbs, songs, parables, explain the world's mysteries. Some epic stories indigenous ceremonies, and mimetic dances are based on supernatural or heroic deeds that of the Philippines' pre-colonial inhabitants reflect a community's belief systems and reveal the country's rich cultural heritage. practices. These are chanted at harvests, Anecdotal wisdom is often conveyed in weddings, and funerals, among other auspicious rhyming proverbs and aphorisms that serve as occasions. a way to communicate cultural norms and values. 02 | PRE-COLONIAL

LEGACIES A LASTING IMPACT ON OUR COUNTRY COLONIAL LITERATURE INFLUENCES AND OUTCOMES OF COLONIALISM Spanish colonialism and, later, the Americans' long-term presence have impacted Filipino literature. Philippine literature underwent a series of changes when a new set of conquerors arrived on the scene. Poetry in free verse, short tales in the modern short story style, and critical essays are only a few examples of the new literary genres that have emerged. -03-

SPANISH The awit and korido in Tagalog, two forms of metrical romance poetry, are also prominent PERIOD forms of secular poetry. Dodecasyllabic quatrains are used in the awit, but octasyllabic quatrains Spanish culture and language arrived with are used in the korido. The Ibong Adarna is an the Spanish in 1565. The native people were excellent example of this (Adarna Bird). One of quickly converted to Roman Catholicism by the most celebrated metrical romances in the Spanish conquistadors. Spain conquered Romanian literature is Florante at Laura. the Philippines for less significant reasons, but they did a lot to influence and transcript our literature. Religion and organizations associated with European civilization enriched local languages and brought theater, such as komedya, sinakulo, sarswelo, playlets, and drama, to the lowlands. Religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry can be found in this era's literature. Leaders in the field of Filipino poetry include Jose Corazon de Jesus (Huseng Sisiw) and Francisco Balagtas. When the Spaniards came, there was a sudden change in how literature was written. It became about the Christian faith, and all of a sudden, the stories about natural events were all about saints and other religious songs. The themes and styles of writing in Philippine literature began to resemble those of Spain. This Spanish colonial writing shows how open to the Catholic faith the Filipino ancestors were. Catholicism's rituals and doctrines quickly became a part of their daily lives for the majority. At the same time, these kinds of writing also influenced the writing we have today about religion and values, social norms, and life lessons. COLONIAL | PAGE 04

AMERICAN PERIOD The American period was pivotal in developing our country's literary culture. Literature and communication flourished as English became more vibrant during this time. Nationalism was unwavering among the Filipino people, who began writing anew. In addition to news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels, Filipino writers delved into all types of literature. Their compositions reflected their patriotic sentiments and aspirations for self-determination. The Americans used education and the English language and culture to suppress the actual revolutionaries who fought colonial control. Consequently, this shifted the literary landscape since English became the normative language of the literary canon. Autobiography, novels, short tales, poetry, creative nonfiction (letters and essays), and visual literacy are all forms of Filipino American literature.  COLONIAL | 05

WELCOME | PRESENT LITERATURE Nation of resilience WOMEN EMPOWERMENT Early feminism in the Philippines was rooted in the fight for women's right to vote. Equal rights for women are achieved through feminism's efforts in the home, social, political, and economic fields by recognizing equality and executing it. To alter gender stereotypes, feminist literature exposes personalities or ideas. Feminist literature aims to change the status quo of gender inequality in society and the political arenas through the power of writing. Literature emphasizing gender equality has seen a significant increase in self-aware feminist tones since the beginning of the women's movement. GET TO KNOW THE NOTABLE HERO In the 1800s, the winds of change began to blow. Filipino intellectuals who went to school in Europe, called Ilustrados, started to write about the wrongdoings of colonization. Jose Rizal and other writers were inspired by this downside and simmering requests for reforms by the people. This led to the start of the Propaganda Movement, where prose works helped start the Philippine Revolution, which brought down the Spanish government and gave Filipinos their first inklings of a sense of national identity. The national hero of the Philippines was also a prolific writer, poet, and essayist. His works, Noli me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo, dealt with Spanish colonialism's oppression while glorifying Filipino culture. Rizal authored the novel to highlight the flaws of Philippine society during the Spanish colonial era. He was motivated to do so by his unending love for his homeland. - 06 -

MUSICAL THE INDIGENOUS TRADITIONS LITERATURE AMONG THE MOST TYPICALLY ASIAN MUSICAL GENRES OF THE PHILIPPINES, \"PHILIPPINE GONG MUSIC\" CONSISTS OF TWO MAIN TYPES: FLAT GONG, ALSO KNOWN AS GANGSA, AND BOSSED GONG. EARLY FILIPINOS' RITES OF PASSAGE WERE MARKED BY INDIGENOUS MUSIC, WHICH MIGHT BE INSTRUMENTAL OR VOCAL. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC IS THE NORM DURING SOCIAL GATHERINGS, WHEREAS SOLO INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE IS RESERVED FOR ROMANTIC COURTSHIP OR PERSONAL AMUSEMENT. PEOPLE IN THE PHILIPPINES REVERE THEIR INDIGENOUS INSTRUMENTS, WHICH THEY EMPLOY IN NUMEROUS RITUALS AND EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES. THE SPANISH-EUROPEAN INFLUENCED TRADITIONS In contrast to the distinct Asian origins of some Filipino styles like the Philippine Gong Music, many other traditional styles in the Philippines date back to the time of Spain's dominion and are the result of the union of local customs with Spanish melodies and tunes. Harana and kundiman, on the other hand, were popular in the Spanish period at the turn of the twentieth century in the Philippines. Mexican-Spanish romance style Harana and Tagalog romantic ballad Kundiman are both based on Spanish melodies and song patterns. Traditional Philippine folk music is heavily Spanish and Latino because Spain ruled it for more than 300 years. People's hopes and dreams, their way of life, and their feelings of love are all expressed in folk songs. Children's songs generally use these types of songs as a teaching tool, and they're often repetitious, resonant, and simplistic. THE AMERICAN INFLUENCED TRADITIONS With the arrival of the Americans, Western influence spread much farther. Also, they carried with them their music as well as their educational system and way of life. Americans brought blues, R&B, and rock 'n' roll. Additionally, music was made a part of the school's educational program. When they learned to play Western music, the Filipinos used this ability to mimic it and build their versions of it. The popularity of dance halls, vaudeville, radio, and movie music in the United States resulted from the idea that music could be utilized just for enjoyment. It was only a matter of time before Filipinos began writing and performing American-style popular songs. - 07 -

PAGE 08 MODERN MUSICAL LITERATURE ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC HOME TO SINGERS Today, a wide variety of musical forms and styles In the Philippines, there is a solid musical are in use. There is a wide variety of musical genres legacy. It's common knowledge that Filipinos are and subgenres in the Philippines. This century has known for their musical prowess, and for a good seen bands such as Rivermaya and Sandwich reason: music has long been an essential aspect of become household names in the music industry Filipino society. Filipinos seem to be unstoppable through their unique musical styles. Filipino music of when it comes to music. When we enter a vocalist the more recent generation also incorporates into an international competition, we know that they elements of other cultures into its distinctive sound. will almost surely return with a prize, if not the most Filipino pop music, known as \"OPM\" (Original Pilipino prestigious reward. There are songs for every Music), refers to music written and sung by Filipinos. event and every emotion when you're a Filipino. OPM music has evolved, with various musicians and Therefore you'll never be without a soundtrack. genres emerging. As a result, new OPM genres were created. Freddie Aguilar's breakout success in 1978 was due to the incorporation of folk music and other influences by Philippine rock performers. Even today, Filipino music continues to be global, with Western genres such as hip-hop soaking in results from the country. Filipino popular music is in line with global super-pop trends, particularly in Asian countries.

PAGE 09 CULTURE BEING RELIGIOUS, FAMILY- ORIENTED, AND HOSPITABLE Traditional Filipino and Spanish Catholic customs coexist with American and Asian influences in the Philippines. Filipinos are devoted to their families and faith and deeply passionate about the arts, music, and cuisine. Guests are greeted cordially by Filipinos at home and in public because of their hospitality and welcoming traits. As welcoming as Filipinos are, their congenial and heartwarming nature is a standard quality that can be discerned—the people of the Philippines, like other Asians, like a good time. Singing, dancing, and feasting are all standard parts of these get-togethers. Festivities abound throughout the year, many of which incorporate pre-Christian attire and customs with Catholic teachings and ideologies still in use. Family values include: Honoring and respecting parents and elders. Providing for children. Being generous to those family members who are in need. One's sense of belonging and rootedness is a vital coping mechanism when one is necessitated to undertake significant sacrifices for the sake of one's loved ones.

BAYANIHAN | FESTIVALS Traditions Filipino culture is known in times of adversity for its Bayanihan spirit, which manifests itself best. It's the desire to help each other as a group, working together as kapwa. Furthermore, as a result of more than 300 years of Spanish colonial rule, most Filipinos are Christian. The majority of provinces honor their patron saints by holding annual festivals or celebrations in their honor. These merry gatherings can extend for a few days or even a few weeks, depending on the size of the municipality or city involved. Aside from fostering a sense of spiritual belonging, these gatherings also unite the community. However, it's no surprise that the Philippines has produced many great singers, as many people are exposed to music early. There are Karaoke systems in almost every Filipino home, and they're always ready to put a smile on anyone's face during a dinner party or even a random event. - 09 -

Beauty Pageant Powerhouse For years, the Philippines has proved why it is known as a beauty pageant powerhouse to the world or the universe rather. The Philippines finished second on the list of the country with the most crowned beauty queens. The Philippines reigned second place with 15 crowns and titles from the Big Four international pageants – Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth. Miss Universe crowns have been awarded to four Filipinas since 1952. Beauty queens from the Philippines, both those who have won the crown and those who haven't, are well-known worldwide for their contributions to Philippine pageantry. - 10 -

DELICACY SCRUMPTIOUS CUISINE The cuisine of the Philippines is diverse and excellent, ranging from the famous adobo to the iconic balut. Filipino cuisine's distinct flavor, originality, and variety continue to astound diners worldwide. With each dish, you can taste the impact of Spanish, Chinese, Indian, and Western cuisines that have all come together in the Philippines. Many people consider Adobo the Philippines' national cuisine, and it's unquestionably one of the most popular dishes in the country. PAGE 11

YOU HAVE FOUND A JEWEL OF A HOLIDAY DESTINATION IN THE PHILIPPINES IF VISITING TROPICAL ISLANDS, STUNNING SCENERY, AND NEVER-ENDING ADVENTURE IS ON YOUR LIST OF MUST-DO ACTIVITIES FOR A VACATION SPOT. THE PHILIPPINES, WHICH BOASTS MORE THAN 7,000 INDIVIDUAL ISLANDS, IS AN EXCELLENT DESTINATION FOR VACATIONERS. THE PHILIPPINES IS A LOVELY COUNTRY WITH MANY TOURIST ATTRACTIONS, PLEASANT RESIDENTS, AND UNFORGETTABLE EXPERIENCES, NO MATTER WHERE YOU'RE GOING. PAGE 12

EXPLORE COPIOUS BREATHTAKING DESTINATIONS FEATURED DESTINATION The Beauty of Philippines