PRESIM

SIMPLE TENSE

Simple Present Tense The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period. • I take the train to the office. • The train to Berlin leaves every hour. 2. For facts. • The President of The USA lives in The White House. • A dog has four legs.

3. For habits. • I get up early every day. • Carol brushes her teeth twice a day. 4. For things that are always / generally true. • It rains a lot in winter. • They speak English at work.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO). In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person. Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence I / you / we / they speak English at home he / she / it speaks English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb: 1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person. • go – goes • catch – catches 2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES. • marry – marries • study – studies NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S. • play – plays • enjoy – enjoys

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don’t or Doesn’t with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

Questions in the Simple Present Tense To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.)

Short Answers with Do and Does In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows Sample Questions Short Answer Short Answer (Affirmative) (Negative) Do you like chocolate? Do I need a pencil? Yes, I do. No, I don't. Yes, you do. No, you don't. Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.

SIMPLR PAST TENSE DEFINITION OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.

EXAMPLES ◦ John Cabot sailed to America in 1498. ◦ My father died last year. ◦ He lived in Fiji in 1976. ◦ We crossed the Channel yesterday.

The spelling of the simple past form (-ed forms) You will learn the spelling of the simple past form (-ed form.) But before you continue the lesson study the following examples and try to see how the verbs are spelled. Verbs ending in a... 1. silent e 2. vowel + y 3. consonant + y 4. other forms close = closed play = played marry = married visit = visited die = died destroy = destroyed carry = carried miss = missed phone = phoned show = showed study = studied watch = watched finish = finished fix = fixed buzz = buzzed

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated with certain past time expressions frequency: often, sometimes, always I sometimes walked home at lunchtime. I often brought my lunch to school. a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago We saw a good film last week. Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva. She finished her work at seven o'clock I went to the theatre last night an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago. She played the piano when she was a child. Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is placed after the period of time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

FORMING THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE PATTERNS OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE FOR REGULAR VERBS Affirmative + verb + ed + infinitive without to Subject skipped. go. I Negative + did not + infinitive without to Subject didn't arrive? They Interrogative + subject + infinitive without to Did she play? Did Interrogative negative + subject Did not you Didn't

SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO Subject Verb Have Do Be had did I was had did You were had did He/She/It was had did We were had did You were had did They were

NOTES ON AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE, & INTERROGATIVE FORMS AFFIRMATIVE The affirmative of the simple past tense is simple. ◦ I was in Japan last year ◦ She had a headache yesterday. ◦ We did our homework last night.

NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE For the negative and interrogative simple past form of \"to do\" as an ordinary verb, use the auxiliary \"did\", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night. The negative of \"have\" in the simple past is usually formed using the auxiliary \"did\", but sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction \"n't\". The interrogative form of \"have\" in the simple past normally uses the auxiliary \"did\".

EXAMPLES ◦ They weren't in Rio last summer. ◦ Were they in Iceland last January? ◦ We didn't have any money. ◦ Did you have a bicycle when you were young? ◦ We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower. ◦ Did you do much climbing in Switzerland? ◦ We didn't do our exercises this morning. Note: For the negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the simple past, always use the auxiliary 'did''.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE FORMING THE SIMPLE FUTURE The simple future tense is composed of two parts: will / shall + the infinitive without to Subject will infinitive Negative will not see without to They won't see They go Affirmative will go Interrogative I shall I Will she ask? Interrogative negative Won't they try?

CONTRACTIONS I will = I'll We will = we'll You will = you'll He will = he'll She will = she'll They will = they'll Will not = won't The form \"it will\" is not normally shortened.

TO SEE: SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Affirmative Negative Interrogative Interrogative I won't see Negative I will see Will I see? *I shall see You won't see *Shall I see? Won't I see? You will see He won't see Will you see? He will see We won't see Will he see? Won't you see? We will see Will we see? Won't he see? *We shall see They won't see *Shall we see? Won't we see? They will see Will they see? Won't they see? *Shall is dated, but it is still commonly used instead of \"will\" with the affirmative or interrogative forms of I and we in certain cases (see above).

Going to Going to is not a tense. It is a special structure that we use to talk about the future. The structure of going to is: subject + be + going + to-infinitive

Form of going to Future I positive negative question you / we / they I am going to speak. I am not going to speak. Am I going to speak? You are going to speak. Are you going to speak? he / she / it You are not going to He is going to speak. speak. Is he going to speak? He is not going to speak.

Will vs Going to Form will + verb am/is/are + going to + verb will not/won’t + verb am/is/are not + going to + verb

Using “will” 1) When we decide something at the time of speaking. Example Waiter : What would you like to order? Customer : I will have a hamburger.

2) When we do promise something to someone. Example Adam promises, that he will clean around the house.

3) When we offer something to someone. Example Your computer has a virus? I will fix it for you!

4) When we agree to something. Example Boss : Hey, Ahmad! Can you work overtime? Ahmad : No problem boss, I’ll do it!

5) When we refuse to do something. Example I won’t listen to your stupid stories anymore!

Using “going to” 1) When we have already made decisions or plans. Example I’m going to visit my friend in Malaysia next week.

2) When we make predictions by looking at evidences and sure that they are going to happen. Example look at those clouds, it’s going to rain.

Will & Going to 1. When we talk about or inquire about future fact. Example – Will Muhammad be there tonight? – Is Muhammad going to be there tonight? 2. When we make predictions about the future. Example – I think it will rain tomorrow. – I think it’s going to rain tomorrow.

Difference Between Will and Going to