Ultimate_B1+_Stutent's book

Katrina Gormley English B1+ STUDENT’S BOOK

Contents UNIT ULTIMATE Reading ULTIMATE Vocabulary ULTIMATE Grammar Multiple choice questions (Identifying 1 the writer’s purpose) • Social media vocabulary • P resent simple, present The Selfie • Collocations, word formation, continuous, stative verbs Generation Missing sentences (Linking words and prepositions • C omparison of adjectives and phrases) • mini Practice (selective cloze) adverbs pages 5–18 • m ini Practice (key word • Entertainment vocabulary transformation) 2 • Collocations, film vocabulary, Be Your Own prepositional phrases, word • Past simple, past continuous Superhero! formation • Used to, be/get used to • mini Practice (selective cloze) • mini Practice (open cloze) pages 19–34 Multiple choice questions/four related • Shopping vocabulary • P resent perfect simple, present 3 texts (Identifying text types) • Collocations, noun phrases, perfect continuous Money Matters word formation • P ast simple, present perfect Multiple matching (Scanning texts for • mini Practice (multiple choice simple pages 35–48 specific information) questions) • m ini Practice (key word transformation) 4 The Perfect Crime • Crime and punishment • P ast perfect simple, past perfect vocabulary continuous pages 49–64 • Collocations, word formation • P ast perfect tenses, past simple • mini Practice (word formation) • m ini Practice (key word transformation) 5 Missing sentences (Looking for • Technology and innovation • F uture tenses (future simple, Going Forward matching words or ideas) vocabulary be going to, future continuous, • Computer vocabulary, easily present tenses for future, future pages 65–78 Multiple choice questions (Eliminating confused words, phrasal perfect simple, future perfect wrong answers) verbs, word formation continuous) 6 • mini Practice (selective cloze) • mini Practice (open cloze) Make It Work! Multiple matching (Matching key words in questions with ideas in texts) • Jobs and employment • M odals (1): ability, permission, pages 79–94 vocabulary requests, offers and suggestions • Easily confused words, • M odals (2): Obligation and 7 expressions with work, word necessity, prohibition, possibility, New Horizons formation advice and criticism, deduction • mini Practice (multiple choice • m ini Practice (key word pages 95–108 questions) transformation) 8 • Travel and tourism vocabulary • C onditionals (zero, first, second Going For Gold! • Collocations, word formation, and third conditionals) phrasal verbs • Mixed conditionals pages 109–124 • mini Practice (open cloze) • m ini Practice (key word transformation) Multiple choice questions/four related • Sports and games vocabulary • Wishes and preferences texts (Understanding implied meaning) • Easily confused words, phrasal • Gerunds and infinitives verbs, word formation • mini Practice (open cloze) • mini Practice (open cloze) 9 Missing sentences (Understanding • Environment and recycling • R eported speech: statements, A Lonely Planet connectors) vocabulary questions, commands and • Easily confused words, word requests pages 125–138 Multiple matching (Summarising formation, phrasal verbs • Reporting verbs each section before you answer the • mini Practice (selective cloze) 10 questions) The Power Of • Education and technology • T he passive: tenses, modals, Learning vocabulary personal and impersonal • Easily confused words, structures pages 139–154 collocations, phrasal verbs, • Causative forms: have and get word formation • mini Practice (word formation) 2

ULTIMATE Listening/Speaking ULTIMATE Writing Review 1 p. 16 ULTIMATE Listening Informal email Multiple matching (Paying attention to what you hear • Making notes Practice 1 rather than what you read) • Planning paragraphs pages 17–18 ULTIMATE Speaking Talking about yourself (Giving reasons) ULTIMATE Listening Story: Beginning with a sentence Review 2 Multiple choice questions (Underlining key words) • Sentence linking p. 30 • Using narrative tenses in stories Practice 2 ULTIMATE Speaking pages 31–32 Comparing photos (Comparing and contrasting photos; Progress check 1 (Units 1–2) expressing a preference) pages 33–34 ULTIMATE Listening Opinion essay Review 3 Multiple choice questions/pictures (Linking the • Ordering points in paragraphs p. 46 conversation to the pictures) • Grouping advantages and disadvantages Practice 3 • Using notes and adding your own idea pages 47–48 ULTIMATE Speaking Making a decision (Expressing your opinion and involving Article Review 4 your partner) • Introductions and conclusions p. 60 • Making your article interesting Practice 4 ULTIMATE Listening pages 61–62 Sentence completion (Identifying the form of the missing For and against essay Progress check 2 (Units 3–4) word) • Writing suitable introductions pages 63–64 • Presenting both sides of an argument ULTIMATE Speaking Review 5 Helping solve a problem (Making a suggestion; justifying p. 76 your choice) Practice 5 pages 77–78 ULTIMATE Listening Multiple choice questions/short talk (Understanding meaning from context) ULTIMATE Speaking Making a decision (Keeping the conversation going) ULTIMATE Listening Letter to the editor Review 6 Multiple matching (Listening for ideas that match • Using the correct style p. 90 options) • Stating the reason for writing Practice 6 pages 91–92 ULTIMATE Speaking Progress check 3 (Units 5–6) Comparing and contrasting photos (Answering questions pages 93–94 about two photos) ULTIMATE Listening Essay: Giving reasons Review 7 Multiple choice questions (Listening for words that • Introducing reasons p. 106 express similar ideas to the questions) • Giving examples Practice 7 pages 107-108 ULTIMATE Speaking Review Choosing an option (Giving reasons for your choice) • Introducing topics Review 8 • Including fact and opinion p. 120 ULTIMATE Listening Practice 8 Sentence completion (Completing notes with the words pages 121–122 you hear) Progress check 4 (Units 7–8) pages 123–124 ULTIMATE Speaking Justifying opinion (Sequencing your ideas) Review 9 p. 136 ULTIMATE Listening Article Practice 9 Multiple matching (Studying differences in options) • Engaging the reader pages 137–138 • Using direct speech and questions ULTIMATE Speaking Review 10 Discussion questions (Interacting with your partner; Formal email p. 150 asking for clarification) • S tating issues and suggesting course of Practice 10 action pages 151–152 ULTIMATE Listening • Writing an effective email of complaint Progress check 5 (Units 9–10) Multiple choice questions (Paying attention to the pages 153–154 interviewer’s questions) ULTIMATE Speaking Justifying opinion (Expanding your answers) Grammar reference pages 155–169 Writing bank pages 171–177 Speaking bank pages 178–179 Irregular verbs page 170 3



The Selfie Generation 1 Read the quote and discuss these questions with a partner. 1 In what ways are social media helpful for celebrities like Tsitsipas? 2 Why is he taking a break from social media? 3 Why is it healthy to go on a ‘social media diet’? I’m taking a break from social media to get closer to people who matter to me, not people I don’t know and I have no relationship with. Stephanos Tsitsipas, professional tennis player 2 W hat’s your relationship Unit map with social media? Reading: Multiple choice questions Discuss these ideas in Vocabulary: Social media small groups. Grammar: Present tenses, stative verbs; comparison of adjectives and adverbs Listening: Multiple matching • y our favourite social Speaking: Talking about yourself media app Writing: Informal email Practice: Multiple choice questions (Reading), multiple matching (Listening) • how often you use it • what you use it for 5

Reading The digital age Multiple choice questions 1 Watch the video and answer the questions. VIDEO 1 What do we use social media for? 2 How do social media help us create a vision of our world? 2  Listen and read the text. Then answer the questions. 1 Who is Zarin Rahman? 2 Why does the writer mention her? 3 Who does Zarin think her research will help? G eneonrlianetion Social media use is taken for granted today. Scientists, friends and to connect with new people. teachers and parents are very concerned about the 1 effects social media use has on young people. Studies Globalisation −­­ No matter where you are in the show that increased screen time 2 affects both our world, you can get in touch with people online. Teens physical and mental health. The more addicted we get 8 exposure to cultures and ideas from all over become to our screens, the less rested we are. And the the world. By being active on social media, teenagers less rested we are, the less healthy we are. learn more about global happenings and issues affecting the world. They feel respect and develop an But it’s not just experts and parents who worry about understanding for other people and their cultures. the negative effects of social media use. More and more teens are becoming 3 aware of the link between their Educational revolution −­­ Thanks to the Internet, health and 4 excessive use of social media. 17-year- fact-finding and learning new things has never old Zarin Rahman realised that screen time affected been easier. Having 9 access to the Internet and her sleep. When she used her smartphone for many social media means that students are doing all their hours late at night, she was less able to focus in class study-related research online. They create case the following day. To help herself and others, she has studies, presentations, projects ­−­ all with the help of carried out some research on the subject. Her research information from social media. They become more shows that young people who use electronic devices confident and independent learners. late at night get less than eight hours of sleep. They feel more anxious and they have higher average heart The benefits are there! But are we always able to use rates than those who shut off their devices earlier in the the Internet wisely? 45% of teens say they’re ‘almost evening. Zarin believes her research provides 5 valuable 10 constantly online’. 31% say that it mostly has help for her peers. ‘Being able to share my research with a positive effect on them, 24% say it mostly has my friends and classmates is not only important to me,’ a negative effect and 45% say it has neither a positive she says, ‘it's also important to them because they are nor a negative effect. The challenge is to ensure that more likely to listen to a person their age.’ we all use the Internet only in beneficial ways. When it comes to life online, however, it’s not all bad news. Let’s have a quick look at some 6 benefits. Improved relationships ­−­ Social networking sites create spaces where young people can 7 interact with one another. They share experiences and form lasting relationships with others. This is particularly helpful for those who struggle with relationships. Social media have made it easier to communicate with family and 6

3 Read the text again and choose the correct answers. Work it out! Identifying the writer’s purpose 1 What is the writer’s purpose in the first paragraph? A to criticise scientists, teachers and parents B to give advice to scientists, teachers and parents C to warn the reader about the negative effects of globalisation D to get the reader thinking about the effects of social media • Question 1 asks you about the writer’s purpose. Is the writer criticising, giving advice, warning the reader, etc.? • Underline the key words (verbs) in options A, B, C and D. • L ook at the underlined verbs and read the first paragraph again. What is the correct answer? 2 What do studies tell us about sleep and screen time? 5 What does the writer suggest about globalisation and A There is no relation between the two. young people? B The more time we spend in front of our screens, A It doesn’t help young people from different the less sleep we get. cultures get closer. C Screen time only affects our sleep when we are Β Young people are better informed about what’s not healthy. happening in the world. D The more time we spend in front of our screens, C Young people have limited exposure to global the more rested we are. issues. D It helps young people who usually find 3 What do we learn about Zarin Rahman in the second relationships difficult. paragraph? A She’s an expert on the negative effects of social 6 How do the Internet and social media affect learners? media on teens. A They have access to online presentations. B She doesn’t think we should worry about B They are not as confident as they used to be. increasing screen time. C They take more responsibility for their own C She can’t concentrate in class if she was online learning. until late the night before. D Doing research online is more complicated. D She believes nothing can change the way young people use electronic devices. 4 Why does Zarin believe her research is important for One to One young people? Work with a partner. Describe your online habits. A They’re more likely to pay attention to what Then give each other advice about your habits. Use someone their age says. these prompts and your own ideas. B It’s better than research carried out by experts. • be constantly online C It shows that screen time doesn’t always have • switch off early in the evening • comment on all your friends’ posts negative effects. • like all photos and videos your friends post D It helps adults understand young people better. • upload photos, videos, etc. every day • be offline at important times of the day 4 Complete the sentences with the highlighted words • make positive comments about other people • constantly check who has liked your posts (1–10) in the text. I’m almost constantly You shouldn’t do that. You should 1 Dave constantly talks about his work – it’s so online and I don’t go offline early in the evening. annoying! get enough sleep. 2 How can students get more to the English language and learn it faster? 3 This disease older people. 4 I can’t check my emails because I have no to the Internet. 5 Members of a family can by playing board games. 6 What are the of online learning? 7 Studies have shown that mobile phone use can cause headaches and anxiety. 8 Are young people of the dangers of Internet addiction? 9 Eating junk food can have a number of negative on our health. 10 She gave me some tips for starting my own YouTube channel. Reading 7

Vocabulary Social media 1  Complete the text with these words. Then listen and check your answers. comments community followers idol influencer live-streaming peers subscribers views YouTubers Ultimate YouTubers! The report talks about 1 YouTubers Emma Chamberlain and Preston Arsement. Emma is a(n) 2 whose channel includes videos of herself 3 life hacks – clever tips for everyday tasks. Her main audience are her 4 . In 2019, Emma’s channel had 8.4 million 5 and it received 912 million 6 in two years! Preston is a(n) 7 in the world of gaming. Preston aims his videos at people much younger than himself who love to post 8 about the videos on his channel. In 2019, there were over 10 million subscribers to his channel and it had 3.5 billion views! Young people really want to be 9 of celebrities such as Emma and Preston. Emma and Preston have each created their own very successful online 10 . 2 Complete the questions with these verbs. Then answer the questions about you. block follow go log in post subscribe 1 Do you ever post videos online? 2 Do you to any YouTube channels? 3 Do you any celebrities on social media? 4 Do you watch videos that viral? 5 Do you or unfollow people who are annoying? 6 Do you allow visitors to use your home Wi-Fi in order to to their email account? 3 Use the suffixes in the table to form adjectives from nouns. How does the suffix -ful or -less change the meaning of the adjective? Noun -ful -less careless 1 care careful 2 end — 3 harm 4 help 5 hope 6 pain 7 thought 8 use 8

4 Complete the sentences with adjectives 5 Complete the text with on, for, from, from Exercise 3. with or to. 1 Losing your tablet again was very careless (care) of you. 2 It was a long and (pain) operation. 3 Some people are (thought) in their comments and hurt other people’s feelings. 4 Staying online all night can be very Variety online (harm) to your health. 5 Icame across a really Everyone’s experience of the Internet is different. There’s so much out there! It all depends 1 on what you’re (use) site with lots of creative ideas for making your own clothes. using the Internet for and how you interact 2 6 This article seems online content. For example, are you one of those people (end). I’ve been reading it for an hour! who love to comment 3 what other people say 7 Susie is (hope) at or do you get fed up 4 people who do? Do you remembering to charge her phone. Her bully others or do you stand up 5 people who phone battery is always low. get bullied online? It’s also important to look at your 8 Thanks for the advice! It’s been extremely online habits. Can you limit your screen time 6 (help) . one hour per day? Is that easy for you or are you addicted 7 the Internet? Experiences of the Internet vary 8 person to person, and even from day to day. There’s always something happening in cyberspace! mini Practice 6 Read and choose the correct answers. Hacks and lookbooks The Internet is overflowing with new ideas! There is a(n) 1 number of videos, websites, blogs, etc. and not enough time to enjoy them! I’m not addicted to the Internet, but when I 2 in, I like watching craft hacks. I love getting ideas about how to make all sorts of cool crafts in these super-fast videos. I know that they’re not always 3 or practical, but they’re quite fun to watch. In fact, they are as fun to watch as lookbooks! Lookbooks are online ‘fashion diaries’ created by famous 4 who model what is in fashion this month or season. They 5 videos of the latest fashions and give viewers ideas on how to style outfits. Some of these lookbook videos may go 6 and make them a lot of money. If I really like a lookbook, I always comment 7 it. Lookbooks are a great inspiration if you don’t know what to wear for your sister’s graduation or your best friend’s birthday party. 1 A thoughtless B endless C hopeless D harmless TIPS 2 A block B log C depend D follow 3 A useful B hopeful C thoughtful D painful Look at question 7. All the 4 A subscribers B peers C followers D influencers options (A–D) are prepositions. 5 A post B download C stick D express Underline the verb before the 6 A harmful B aware C viral D connected gap. Which preposition do we 7 A for B with C to D on use after this verb? Vocabulary 9

Present simple, present continuous, stative verbs Grammar 3 Read about the uses of the present simple, the 1 Watch the video and answer the questions. VIDEO present continuous and stative verbs. 1 Who is the woman at the beginning of the video? Present simple 2 When does the girl’s gymnastics class end? • facts and permanent situations The Internet affects our mental health. 2 Read the chat and answer the questions. Then write • general truths and laws of nature The earth moves around the sun. PS (present simple) or PC (present continuous) next • habits and routines to each answer. I check my emails once a day. • timetables and programmes (future) 4 Participants Saturday, 13.30 The gaming competition starts at 10.00 am. • reviews, stories and sports commentaries Gina It’s lunchtime! Yum! We’re He serves an ace and wins the match. having pasta! My favourite!! Present continuous 15 • actions happening at the time of speaking We’re looking online for a new bike. Simon T hat looks delicious! I love ravioli! • temporary or changing situations I’m coming right over! I’m getting really bored with this video game. • a nnoying habits, often with adverbs like always Nicky Y ou’re so lucky! Dad’s making soup today. Yuck! This browser is always crashing! • plans and (future) arrangements James We usually eat at Aunt Lucy’s We’re having a group call this afternoon. every Saturday, but we’re going to a barbecue today. I hope the Stative verbs food is as good as Aunt Lucy’s! S tative verbs describe states (not actions). We Gina Gina’s typing … don’t use stative verbs like be, love, hate, see, hear, smell, think in continuous tenses. 1 How many people are taking part in the chat? I love the photo you posted! Four people are taking part in the chat. PC However, some verbs can be both stative and 2 What is Gina having for lunch? action verbs, but with a change in meaning. She thinks this app is great! (present simple = 3 What does James usually do on Saturdays? believes) She’s thinking about downloading this app. 4 What is James doing this Saturday? (present continuous = considering) 5 Who is starting to write something right now? Read 1.1­−1.3 of the Grammar reference before you do the tasks. 10 4 Read and circle the correct answers. Staying connected Social media 1 play / are playing a very important role in our lives. It 2 seems / is seeming that most young people 3 are living / live online! • 81% of teens 4 are believing / believe that social media help them connect with their friends’ lives. They can see what their closest friends 5 do / are doing when they’re not together. • 71% of teens say that when they use social media, they have positive feelings. On social media, they are part of a community. They 6 don’t feel / aren’t feeling alone or left out. • Adults 7 are liking / like to call teens the selfie generation! But in fact, 26% of young people never post selfies online, while 25% say they every day / rarely post selfies. 40% feel the pressure to only post content on social media that 9 makes / is making them look good, or share only those things that will get a lot of likes or comments. What about you? How active 10 are you / are you being on social media?

5 Complete. Use the present simple or the present 7 Complete. Use the comparative continuous. or the superlative form of the words in brackets. 1 I ’m looking for my iPhone. I don’t know where it is. (look for / not know) 2 We about creating our own website. (think) 3  to use Snapchat or Instagram? (you / prefer) 4 She her sister’s iPad today because her tablet . (use / not work) 5  big changes to the school’s website this year? (they / make) 6 The program documents automatically. (save) 7 In the film, he into his car, out his phone and then Digital diet: Is it always the best solution? his friend. (get / take / call) longer (long) People are spending 1 and longer hours online these days. Life online is sometimes 2 (interesting) than life offline. On top of that, we can do things much 3 (easily) and quickly when we are online. How can we tell how long we have been online? Well, there are lots of apps that inform us of our screen time each day or week. But are we 4 (likely) to go on a digital diet when we realise our addiction to the Internet? Probably not! Going on a digital diet is one of the 5 (difficult) things we can do. But Comparison of adjectives and adverbs it doesn’t have to be all or nothing. Taking regular 6 Read about the comparison of adjectives and breaks is a 6 (healthy) way to use adverbs. our devices. After all, it’s good to stay connected. • W e use the comparative to compare two or Coming offline as early as possible in the evening more people, things, animals, etc. We often use the word than after a comparative. is the 7 (good) way to reduce our This app is easier to use than that one. I keyboard faster than my sister. screen time. So, set a specific time to come offline • W e use the superlative to compare two or and stick to it! What could be 8 more people, things, animals, etc. We use the word the before a superlative. (simple) than that? This is the most interesting post on the site. It was the most cleverly designed website. mini Practice For other comparative structures, we use: 8 Complete the second sentence so that it means • as + adjective/adverb + as This app is as popular as that one. the same as the first, using the word given. Do not • not as + adjective/adverb + as change the word. Use between two and five words. Smartphones are not as expensive as they 1 I’ve never used a better app than this one. BEST used to be. • less + adjective/adverb + than This is the best app I’ve ever used. This app is less useful than I thought it 2 The Internet isn’t as fast as it usually is today. would be. • comparative + and + comparative SLOWLY Our Internet connection is getting slower and slower. The Internet is working • t he + comparative, the + comparative The more time you spend online, the less time usual today. you have for other things. 3 I hate it when I forget to charge my phone. LIKE Read 1.4−1.5 of the Grammar reference before you do the tasks. I when I forget to charge my phone. 4 I don’t know anyone who is shyer than Susan. THE Susan is person I know. 5 Is her house in the city centre? SHE in the city centre? 6 He wants to buy a new car. THINKING He a new car. Grammar 11

Multiple matching 1 Look at the people in the photo. What do you think is happening? Listening 2  Listen and tick ✔ the things that are true about the speaker. 1 He spends lots of time online. 2 He doesn’t check his social media every five minutes. 3 He often plays games online. 4 He always connects with people to chat. 5 He feels he belongs to an online community. 3  Listen and read the task below and the text for Speaker 1. Then answer the questions in WORK IT OUT! . You will hear five different people talking about their online habits. For questions 1−5, choose from the list (A−H) which habit each person has. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. A checking social media Speaker 1 B posting videos on a YouTube channel Speaker 2 C taking part in games Speaker 3 D uploading family photos Speaker 4 E shopping in online stores Speaker 5 F watching clever videos G connecting with friends to chat on social media H doing online research for school projects Speaker 1 Work it out! Um, I don’t usually spend a lot of time online. Paying attention to what you hear rather than I’m not the sort of person who checks his social what you read media every five minutes! But when I go on, • S peaker 1 mentions the idea in option A: who it’s usually to play my favourite games. I love connecting with people from all over the world. checks his social media. Is this the speaker’s I learn so much that way and have a lot of habit? How do we know this? fun. What’s more, it’s so cool! I can be playing • What is the speaker’s habit? Which word shows with gamers in Australia, Iceland and Japan that this is a habit? all at the same time! I feel that I am part of an • Which idea in options A–H deals directly with international online community. what Speaker 1 says? • Why is option A not the right answer? 4  Now listen and match the rest of the Speakers (2–5) to the items on the list (A–H). 12

Talking about yourself 1  Listen to two students answering the examiner’s questions. Then write George or Anna. Examiner’s questions Speaking 1 Who is your best friend? Tell us about him/her. 2 Do you have a favourite relative? What do you like about him/her? 3 Tell us about someone you admire. 4 Who do you like to hang out with at the weekend? How do you spend time together? 1 Who sounds more confident? George 2 Who gives full answers to the questions? 3 Who is more polite to the examiner? 4 Who interrupts their partner? 5 Who provides very short answers? 6 Who do you think performs better? 2 How often do you do these activities online? Write always, usually, occasionally or never. Are there any other activities which you do regularly? Add one to the list below. 1 upload selfies 5 play online games 2 like other people’s posts 6 shop 3 post videos 7 check social media 4 chat with friends 8 other 3 Circle the correct answers. Then complete the sentences about you. 1 I like / don’t like playing video games because . ✓Language checklist 2 Chatting with friends online is / isn’t important to me since Giving reasons I (don’t) like … because it’s + adjective/ . of its + noun … 3 Inever / sometimes / always check my social media more than I prefer … since ... I always/never … as … twice a day because . I love + -ing/noun, so … 4 I don’t like / like shopping online because it’s . 5 I prefer to / never watch videos by famous YouTubers as . 4 Work with a partner to ask and answer the questions. Social media 1 What are your favourite social media? Why do you like them? 2 What kind of websites do you like to visit? Describe them. 3 Do you prefer to chat to your friends online or in person? Why? 4 Tell me about your favourite YouTuber. What do you like about him/her? Work it out! ONE-MINUTE TALK Talking about yourself Ys••••oo WWHIucsiohhahtwayhlatmevdosreofeeotodecyaniionanaeulydhmtmuoahsibeiynenidoutgtuistha.teuehUdtmsasooete?ytytetohohlueulemthsnhea?eevvpecerl?oramsdsopatosbnotouthyeolpuryou. When you answer personal questions, social media? • p ay attention to the question • a nswer the question directly • give full answers (not just ‘yes’ or ‘no’) • g ive reasons for your answers. 13

Writing Informal email In an informal email, we are writing to someone for a specific reason. The email task tells us who we are writing to and why. These two points show us what the content of our email should be, what language is appropriate for it, and how to organise our ideas. It’s important to read the writing task very carefully so that we know exactly what to do. 1 Read the writing task and answer the questions. 3 Read and complete gaps 1–9 in the model answer. Y ou have received an email from your English- Use the present simple or the present continuous. speaking friend. From: Jonathan I can’t believe I’m coming to visit you next week! I’ve already started preparing for my trip, and Hi Pete, Greeting I need your help. Can you tell me about your daily routine so that I know what to expect? Can you also Paragraph 1: tell me what kind of clothes I need to bring for this It was great to get your email. I 1 am looking (look) time of year? forward to your visit next week! Write your email. (140–190 words) Paragraph 2: First of all, let me tell you about my routine. On 1 Who are you writing to? school days, I 2 (wake) up 2 What is the situation? 3 What kind of information should you around 7.00 am and I 3 (have) include? breakfast. I 4 (leave) home at 7:45 and I 5 (usually / cycle) to 2 Read the task in Exercise 1 again. Then tick ✔ the school. 6 (you / come) to school things the writer must do in the email. with me next week? It would be great fun if we could cycle to school together! 1 greet the reader ✔ Paragraph 3: 2 introduce themselves 3 provide the reason for writing On Saturday and Sunday evenings, I normally 4 describe their routines and habits 5 apologise for something hang out with my friends. We sometimes go to the 6 give an opinion 7 offer advice bowling alley or watch films at the multiplex cinema 8 make a complaint in the city centre. 7 (you / like) bowling or going to the cinema? Is there anything else that you would like to do while you’re here? Paragraph 4: You asked me about what clothes you should bring. Well, the weather 8 (be) really mild at this time of year and we 9 (all / dress) very casually. If I were you, I would pack some jeans, a few T-shirts and a light jacket for the evening. Email me if you need anything else! Bye for now, Jonathan 4 Read the email in Exercise 3 again. Then write the function of each of the parts of the email. Functions Closing Describing your routine Describing your routine Greeting Introducing the reason for writing Offering advice 14

5 Read the email again and answer the questions. 7 Read the ideas for the email in Exercise 6. 1 Which sentences introduce the main ideas in Then decide which ideas to include in Paragraph 2 Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 4? Underline them in and which in Paragraph 4. the model. Work it out! Planning paragraphs 2 Which idea has the writer developed more fully? 3 Why are there two paragraphs about Jonathan's • N ote down any ideas that you have and make sure you have replied to the questions in the routine, but one paragraph about the clothes that writing task. Pete should bring? • Make a paragraph plan and decide which ideas 6 Read the writing task. Then make notes about what to include in each paragraph. you have to do. Y ou have received an email from your English-speaking •••••••mcmpwumhousuruessesicsttttketsslsoimcuempcoplyfieimlationeelmadmsmmdeylaaeenfintsdslesdssicwarfosteeitivtnremooensarecteilthleiclifmamsmhiteaeeyastswlttlfeiaoirnttvihhgeedoenranpoydyetensiodlmh✓’ipanoepleyeuorstasday friend. Our teacher wants us to talk about young people’s Internet habits in another country. Can you tell me how you use the Internet? How do your friends use the Internet? Finally, is there anything you’d like to change about your online habits? Write your email. (140-190 words) Paragraph 2: Describe your online habits. 1 Who are you writing to? 1 I check my emails five times a day. 2 What is the situation? 3 What kind of information should you 2 include? 3 4 P aragraph 4: Discuss which of your online habits you would like to change. 1 2 3 ✓Language checklist 8 Write an email to your friend using the paragraph Opening plan and the notes in Exercise 7. Thanks for your email. It was great to get your email. Greeting It was great to hear from you! Paragraph 1: Introduce the reason for writing and Closing refer back to your friend’s email. I’ve got to go now! Paragraph 2: Describe your online habits. It’s time to go now. Paragraph 3: Describe your friends’ online habits. Bye for now. Paragraph 4: Discuss which of your online habits you Take care! Keep in touch! would like to change. Write soon! Closing Replying to questions ✓WRITING checklist You asked me about … Let me tell you about … Once you've written your email, make sure: You also asked me/wanted to know about … • you have used an appropriate greeting • you have introduced your reason for writing • your paragraphs have a clear function • e ach paragraph starts with a sentence that clearly introduces an idea • you have written notes and then grouped them • you have used informal language. Writing 15

Review 1 Vocabulary Grammar Choose the correct answers. Choose the correct answers. 1 Nowadays, to the Internet is easier than ever 1 Just a minute, please. my emails. before. A I’m checking B Am I checking A access C I checking B influence D I check C effect D research 2 GPS devices usually traffic updates too. A are providing 2 With social media, you can stay up to date with what B providing your are doing. C provide D provides A teens B screens 3 This new messaging application users to send C viewers video messages. D peers A allow 3 Technology can have both positive and negative B allows on young people. C is allowing D is allowed A benefits B effects 4 The more exposed you are to social media, you C affects are to get addicted. D comments A more likely 4 A trip to China gave them to its culture and B most likely language. C the most likely D the more likely A addiction B view 5 Jessica selfies and funny videos of herself. It’s so C exposure annoying! D interaction A always posts 5 This is ! I’ll never learn to use this app. B posts always A hopeful C is always posting B hopeless D is always post C helpful D helpless 6 Which web browser is of all? A secure 6 In large classes, teachers can’t easily with every B more secure student. C the more secure D the most secure A access B affect 7  are choosing to socialise online rather than face C interact to face. D follow A More and more people 7 Who are the top-10 in social media? B The most people A subscribers C The more people B followers D More than people C peers D influencers 8 I visit this website than my sister. A less regular 8 Studies have shown that use of mobile phones B more regular may cause headaches. C less regularly D regularly A excessive B valuable 9 more popular when they use social media? C beneficial A Do teens feel D annoying B Teens feel C Teens are feeling 9 Internet users need to be more of the dangers of D Are teens feeling online gaming. A addicted B aware C viral D careful 16

1 Read and choose the correct answers. Practice 1 How to make money online They say that money makes the world go round. As the world moves more online, more and more people are making a living from the Internet. There is no doubt that the number of successful and wealthy YouTubers and online businesses is increasing. The question is how do they make money? YouTubers make money when people view their videos or subscribe to their channels. The more subscribers and viewers they have, the more money they make. But where does this money come from? Some money comes from sales. For example, musicians sell downloads of their music, authors sell their books, and teachers even give lessons online. Another source of money is advertising. However, viewers are becoming fed up with adverts interrupting the flow of what they are watching. As a result, YouTubers often pay to turn off adverts on their websites or channels. Musician, artist and businessman Jack Conte would spend endless hours and loads of money to plan and create the sets for his videos. Conte soon realised that having the financial support of an online community during the creative process is essential. He set up a company, Patreon, which allows creators and artists to ask their fans to become subscribers. As subscribers, they donate a certain amount of money each month. In return, they get some things for free or at a reduced price. In this way, artists and creators manage to survive financially while they’re creating the content that fans love. Patreon, Conte’s company, is used by YouTube videographers, webcomic artists, writers, musicians, etc. A successful company that uses Patreon is Crash Course. Crash Course makes educational videos which are uploaded to their YouTube channel. Hank Green, the founder of Crash Course, says their aim is to make fun and high-quality videos for high school teachers to use in class or for learners to use on their own. Originally, they created videos on world history and biology, but they have now extended this to include videos on most educational subjects. As a channel, Crash Course is extremely successful and has over 10.4 million subscribers! But in order to make these videos, the company depends on donations from sponsors. At the moment, Patreon has over 6,200 sponsors who regularly donate money to cover the costs involved in making videos. In many ways, Patreon shows us the way forward for artists and creators. They can be creative and make money on a regular basis. It also gives creative people the freedom to create the content that they really believe in. 1 What is the writer’s purpose in the first paragraph? 4 What does the writer say about Hank Green? A to complain about how much money YouTubers A He’s a sponsor on Patreon. B He’s a high school teacher. make C He set up his own business. B to encourage people to become YouTubers D He subscribes to Crash Course. C to question if people really make money on 5 What is true about Crash Course videos? YouTube A They teach in an entertaining way. D to make people think about how people make B They provide entertainment only. C They’re only suitable for high school money on YouTube students. 2 Why do some YouTube channels or websites not have D The history and biology videos are better adverts? than the rest. A Channel creators don’t need the money advertising brings. 6 Crash Course subscribers A are involved in making the videos. B Creators turn them off because they annoy viewers. B donate money regularly. C They cost too much money. C have donated 10.4 million euros so far. D Adverts often get interrupted, so viewers don’t D cover all the costs of making videos. always see them. 17 3 What is great about Patreon, Conte’s company? A It allows artists to get to know their fans. B Artists can make money while creating works. C Fans can decide on what content they’d like. D Sponsors can donate money whenever they like.

Practice 1 2  You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about the Internet. For questions 1–5, choose from the list (A–H) what each speaker says about it. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. A I am an online idol. Speaker 1 B I didn’t like being blocked by people. Speaker 2 C I’m still trying to get over online bullying. Speaker 3 D I find a lot of online comments useless. Speaker 4 E I’ll show you how to make videos that can go viral. Speaker 5 F My screen time isn’t the same every day. G My Internet friends are not real friends. H I connect online with people in different ways. 18

The Power Of Learning 1 Read the quote and discuss these questions with a partner. 1 Do you agree with the quote? Why/Why not? 2 What are the stages of education in your country? 3 What do you enjoy most and least about school? Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere. Chinese proverb 2 W hy is education important? Unit map Discuss these ideas in small groups. Reading: Multiple matching Vocabulary: Education and technology • Everyone has the right to free Grammar: The passive; causative forms education. Listening: Multiple choice questions Speaking: Justifying opinion • Students should be allowed to Writing: Formal email focus on what interests them most. Practice: Multiple matching (Reading), multiple choice • It is easier to learn in a relaxed questions (Listening) environment. 139

The world’s a classroom Multiple matching Reading 1 Watch the video and answer the questions. VIDEO 1 What would be the role of teachers in an ideal school? 2 Does the speaker think robots will replace teachers? 2  L isten and read. Then match the headings (1–4) to the sections (A–D). 1 How AV1 works 3 Some background information 2 Where the idea came from 4 User stories No Isolation Robot A Some background information streamed through the microphone and camera. If a student wants to say something, they can ‘raise No Isolation, a Norwegian start-up, has developed their hand’. All they have to do is give the command robot technology for the classroom that is designed and the screen on AV1’s head changes colour. The to 1 assist students who can’t attend school for robot can also be used to express the student’s long periods of time. The robot, called AV1, has emotions by changing eye expressions. With AV1, been given the nickname The No Isolation Robot. students are able to 5 maintain a presence in the It is estimated that in the UK around 72,000 classroom, communicate with friends and socialise. students with disabilities or health conditions are absent from school for extended periods of time C every year. This long-term 2 absence affects their performance and progress at school, and causes No Isolation was set up by Karen Dolva, Marius social isolation. Over £500,000 has been invested Aabel and Matias Doyle, all three with a background in AV1 technology by the Department of Education in engineering and technology. Dolva got the idea in England and Wales in the past few years. As for AV1 after talking to a mother whose teenage a result, the school 3 attendance of students with daughter 6 struggled with long-term sickness and lengthy or repeated absences has increased from felt lonely and isolated. ‘We knew we could build 29.4% to 58.4%. just about anything, and after becoming aware of this major problem, there was no way we could sit B back and do nothing,’ Dolva said. Dolva and her team carried out research and decided to design AV1 is a telepresence robot. It’s an ‘avatar’ that acts a physical avatar to use in an educational context. like the eyes, ears and voice of students who cannot Since then, they’ve also expanded the use of AV1 be physically present in the classroom. Through the to sick employees who can connect with their AV1 app, the student can connect to their AV1 robot workplace as well as to old people. No Isolation which is at school sitting on their desk! The student recognises that loneliness is a public health issue is at home with their iPad or tablet and they can that affects people of all ages. It is working on hear through the AV1’s microphone, see through creating more tools to combat loneliness and the AV1’s camera and speak through the AV1’s isolation from the world as a result of special loudspeaker. A 4 live feed from the classroom is circumstances. D Zoe Johnson hasn’t been to school since she was 12. She is one of the students who have benefitted from using an AV1 robot. With the robot’s help, she was able to carry on with her education and even take her year-end exams at the age of 16. 140

3 Read the text again. For questions 1–10, choose from the four sections (A–D). The sections may be chosen more than once. WORK IT OUT! Which section Summarising each section before you 1 describes the functions of the AV1 robot? answer the questions 2 mentions where the idea for AV1 came from? • Quickly read through the four sections 3 quotes how much the government has spent on the project? and the headings you have selected. • Use this information to summarise 4 explains how using AV1 can benefit users’ classmates? each section before you begin 5 mentions how many students with long-term sickness answering the questions. Write one are absent from school? sentence for each section in your 6 refers to the founders of the company? notebook. 7 explains how students at home communicate with • Read question 1 and your summarising their teachers? sentences. Which section describes 8 mentions AV1 users who are not students? the functions of the AV1 robot? What is 9 explains which schools can benefit more from AV1 technology? the correct answer? 10 gives an example of academic success thanks to AV1? 4 Look at the words in bold in the text and answer the questions. One to One 1 What does assist mean? Work with a partner and discuss the help benefits of using AV1 technology. Use these ideas to help you. 2 What is the opposite of presence? • deal with loneliness 3 What does attendance mean? • stay in touch • keep up with lessons 4 What is a live feed? • socialise • p articipate in classes 5 What is a synonym of maintain? I think AV1 is a fantastic invention. 6 What is the meaning of struggle? It helps students who need to be away from school keep up with their lessons. 7 What do you do when you alert someone? They don’t fall behind; they can take exams and stay connected with their friends. 8 What do AV1 buddies do? ‘AV1 makes my life a lot more exciting and makes me feel like I haven’t been forgotten,’ Zoe said. When she wants to ask a question, the robot’s head starts blinking on and off to 7 alert the teacher. And when she’s too tired to participate, she can turn AV1’s head blue as a signal. ‘We’re celebrating because she did so much better than we ever dared hope,’ Zoe’s mother said. But the benefits of AV1 are not limited to the student who is absent. Their classmates also benefit by connecting with them and becoming more sensitive to their needs. Students often become AV1 8 buddies – they help the teacher carry the AV1 around and make sure it’s always charged. AV1 robots seem to work best in small classes and rural schools where students have close bonds with their classmates. Reading 141

Vocabulary Education and technology 1 Read and circle the correct words. Then listen and check your answers. The flipped classroom Most schools still use a teacher-centred approach to learning. Teachers 1 present / apply the lesson, students listen and then 2 give / do an assignment at home to practise what they’ve learnt in class. The class activity is centred on the teacher, not the student. But is this approach 3 beneficial / informative for all the students? Supporters of the flipped classroom don’t think so. A flipped classroom works by turning the learning process around. Students are asked to 4 prepare / present for classes at home by reading or watching videos about a subject before they go to school. Then, in class they are given the chance to discuss what they’ve learnt and 5 apply / do their knowledge in practical ways. For example, students might 6 give / do experiments in science or 7 assign / carry out tasks which require them to use their knowledge creatively. Teachers use class time to guide and support students in their learning, answer queries and 8 give / do them feedback on their work. A flipped classroom focuses on student engagement and 9 active / passive learning. It gives teachers a better opportunity to deal with students’ different learning 10 styles / ways. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. apply attend enrol graduate hand in mark meet take 1 If you could enrol on a summer course, what would you choose? 2 We have to our assignment on the history of art this week. 3 Which university are you going to to? 4 Are you going to your English exam next year? 5 Students must deadlines for their written assignments. 6 She from university last year with a degree in economics. 7 When is Ms Brown going to our biology tests? 8 Students are expected to school regularly. 3 Complete the text with these words. absorb compulsory conventional direct fall fluency individual optional Self-directed learning Young people today need to develop their 1 fluency in digital media, their emotional intelligence, their motivation and their sense of purpose. This has changed our views about more 2 subjects like reading and writing. It has also affected the approach schools should take to 3 subjects – subjects that all students are required to study such as language and mathematics. Most educational systems realise how important it is to develop students’ talents and 4 interests. When students are interested in what they’re doing, they 5 information easily. Besides, students are less likely to 6 behind in subjects they’re genuinely interested in. Schools around the world are now allowing students more control over their learning and provide them with fun 7 subjects to choose from. For example, in Hawaii and Australia, surfing is a popular school subject, while some schools in Israel have introduced cyber security as an option for students. Some people feel students should 8 their own learning and follow a path they have chosen for themselves. The question is: are all school systems ready to give students complete freedom of choice? 142

4 Replace the words in bold with the correct form of these phrasal verbs. catch up with cross out drop out fit in get … across make out pick up sign up for 1 The new student tried hard to be accepted by her classmates. fit in 2 Please don’t delete your mistakes. 3 You can arrange to do a course in web design. 4 Our new chemistry teacher communicates his ideas well. 5 When we learn by doing, it’s easier to learn a new skill. 6 I can’t see what is written on the board from the back of the classroom. 7 I’ve been absent for two weeks and I must get to the same level as the rest of the class. 8 He started college but left without finishing his studies a year later. 5 Complete the tables. Adjective Noun Verb Noun 1 high height 7 advise advice 2 long 8 believe 3 proud 9 choose 4 strong 10 complain 5 warm 11 lose 6 wide 12 receive mini Practice 6 Read and complete the text with the correct form of the words given. Digital technology in the classroom Those who favour more 1 conventional approaches to teaching usually believe that CONVENTION screens have no place in the classroom. In a teacher-centred system, it’s often felt that digital EDUCATION APPROVE devices have little or no 2 value. Parents and teachers have expressed COMPLAIN their strong 3 of using the Internet at school as it might negatively affect BELIEVE students’ performance and progress. Furthermore, there are often 4 from CHOOSE ADAPT teachers that students these days have great difficulty concentrating on tasks. There is a general IMPORTANT 5 that students’ excessive use of digital devices is to blame for this. However, using digital technology in education is something we need to embrace. Online learning can offer young people more 6 in how, when and what they learn. They grow up to become more independent and 7 learners. We need to recognise the 8 of developing technology skills in students so that they will be better prepared for the digital future. TIPS Look at question 3. Do you need a noun, verb, adjective or adverb to complete the gap? Does the word need to be positive or negative in meaning? Vocabulary 143

The passive: tenses, modals, personal and impersonal structures Grammar 3 Read about the passive. 1 Watch the video and answer the questions. VIDEO • We use the passive voice when the action is more important than the agent, when we 1 What happens to students who are caught don’t know the agent or the agent is not cheating? relevant. All new students are given a tour of the 2 Why is it useful to prepare for exams with school. a study group? Whiteboards were invented in the 1960s. 2 Read and answer the questions. • We form the passive voice with the Exams and standardised tests appropriate tense of to be and the past participle of the main verb. We can use to Are you a fan of exams? Probably not! Exams and get instead of to be to talk about something standardised tests, however, are an integral part of unpleasant that happens by accident or student life. unexpectedly. The school was built in 2003. It got burnt down in 2018. • We form the passive with modal verbs + be in the bare infinitive + past participle. The essays must be handed in by Friday afternoon. • We often use verbs like believe, consider, expect, know, report, say, suppose and think in the passive voice. They can be used in an impersonal or a personal passive structure. • We form the impersonal passive structure with it + passive verb + that + clause. Many people believe that homeschooling is easier for some students. (active voice) It is believed that homeschooling is easier for some students. (passive voice) • We form the personal passive structure with noun + passive verb + full infinitive. Many people say that science subjects are more difficult than arts subjects. Science subjects are said to be more difficult than arts subjects. 1 S tandardised written tests were suggested in the Read 10.1–10.2 of the Grammar reference before USA in 1845 by educationalist Horace Mann. Until you do the tasks. then students were examined orally. Do we know who suggested the tests? Yes, Horace Mann. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Do we know who examined the students? passive. 2 Students in the UK may take up to ten standardised tests every year, while students in Finland take only 1 Five IT teachers were employed (employ) one standardised test every year. by the school last year. Are the verb forms in bold active or passive voice? 2 Online learning (promote) 3 The Higher Examination in China is 12 hours long more and more these days. and is carried out over two days. It is considered to be one of the toughest exams in the world. 3 Exams (may / hold) later than usual this year. Look at the text in bold. How can we say the same thing in the active voice? 4 It (believe) that school 4 16%–20% of students are affected by high test uniforms improve students’ self-confidence. anxiety. 5 Do you know if our history tests Why is the passive used in this case? (mark) yet? 144 6 All students (must / give) equal educational opportunities.

5 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Write them in 7 Complete. Use the causative form. your notebook. 1 T he school is having interactive whiteboards installed 1 Many people believe that online learning is beneficial. (interactive whiteboards / install) in all classrooms today. 2 Academic stress affects students. 3 They will have updated the software by next week. 2 Two scientists 4 They have designed educational tools for young (their research learners. / publish) in an online journal last week. 5 Did the conversation inspire him to set up the 3 He (his dad / drive) company? us to the cinema tomorrow. 6 Many people think that standardised tests are 4 We (our tests / not ineffective. mark) yet. Causative forms 5 Steven (his smartphone / 6 Read about causative forms. steal) while he was shopping at the supermarket. Have/Get something done • W e use the causative form have + object + 6 The headteacher (the secretary / past participle to talk about something that we arrange for someone else to do for us. We call) all the parents yesterday evening. often use get instead of have. Our school had the website designed. mini Practice The physics teacher got a new projector installed by the lab technician. 8 Complete the second sentence so that it means • We can also use have + object + past participle to talk about something unpleasant that the same as the first, using the word given. Do not happens to someone. We cannot use get in change the word. Use between two and five words. that case. They had their project rejected. ✔ 1 We should encourage students to participate in They got their project rejected. ✘ class. BE Have somebody do something/Get somebody to do something Students should be encouraged to We can use the following structures in a variety participate in class. of tenses. 2 Will the school give tablets to all students next • We use the causative form have + object + bare year? GIVEN infinitive to say that we make someone do something. Will all students next year? The teacher has us work in small groups. • We use the causative form get + object + full 3 People believe that digital learning motivates students. BELIEVED infinitive to say we have persuaded someone to do something. It Finally, we got the headteacher to agree to an motivates students. end-of-term dance. 4 How can teachers use social robots in Read 10.3–10.5 of the Grammar reference before you education? USED do the tasks. How in education? 5 Many people think that test-taking helps students learn. THOUGHT It helps students learn. 6 They expect that the pass rate for the exam will go up this year. EXPECTED The pass rate for the exam this year. Grammar 145

Listening Multiple choice questions 1 Work with a partner. Read the statements below and write A (agree), D (disagree) or PA (partially agree). 1 Students learn better with technology. 2 Technology in the classroom can be a distraction. 3 Having a good teacher is more effective than using high-tech tools. 4 Technology makes learning more fun and engaging. 5 Teachers should be replaced by computers. 6 Technology enables students to work in a more collaborative manner. 2  Listen and read the text. Then answer the questions. Teacher: So, Andrew, it’s your turn to present your project to us. Now 1 What is Andrew’s you’ve done some research on the history of classroom technologies and project about? equipment. Can you tell us what you found out? 2 What did he have to Andrew: Sure. Let me begin by saying that my project focused only on the focus on? use of equipment in the classroom, and not in schools in general. So, I won’t be talking about equipment in labs, in the gym hall or elsewhere. 3 What is your favourite I’ll focus specifically on equipment and technologies used in classrooms. classroom technology? I spent about three weeks doing research online and I think that some of the findings are quite unexpected. 3  Listen to Andrew talking about his project and answer the questions in WORK IT OUT! . 1 What will Andrew’s presentation be about? WORK IT OUT! A technology in all aspects of school life B technology in PE lessons Paying attention to the C technology used in regular classrooms interviewer’s questions • Listen to the teacher’s first 2 What surprised Andrew when doing his research? A the transformative effect of blackboards on teaching question. What is she asking B how much blackboards reduced costs Andrew? C that it wasn’t always necessary for children to attend school • Read question 1 and the three options (A, B and C). 3 What does Andrew say about the first films used in education? Underline the key words in A They weren’t made specifically for teaching purposes. the three options. What are B They could only be used in history and geography. the differences between the C Teachers didn’t know how to use them. three options? • W hich two options don’t 4 What does Andrew think about overhead projectors? answer the question? Why? A They weren’t very useful. What’s the correct answer? B They were more practical than blackboards. C They had too many restrictions. 5 Which educational tool does Andrew feel benefits him personally? A computers B overhead projectors C interactive whiteboards 6 Andrew advises teachers to A help students manage their time better. B get students to use apps. C record their students’ progress. 4  Now listen to the rest of the interview and choose the correct answers for questions 2–6. 146

Justifying opinion Speaking 1 Look at the photos and answer the questions with a partner. AB 1 How important is arts education? WORK IT OUT! Expanding your answers 2 Are arts subjects given enough time in your school • L ook at this answer to question 1 in Exercise 1: timetable? Why do you think this is? It's very important. What is wrong with it? 3 What skills do arts subjects help students to develop? • Y ou can expand your answer in two ways. You can 2 Expand the answers to the questions below. talk about the issue in general and justify your opinion. Alternatively, you can talk about the issue 1 A: Are sports taken seriously enough in schools? and describe your personal experience. Compare: B: In my opinion, sports aren’t taken seriously in schools. Generalising Most of the time, … Generally speaking, the arts are very important as 2 A: Should the school day be shorter? they help young people to express themselves and B: I think it should. One thing that I’ve noticed is that I … develop skills like self-confidence. 3 A: S hould students have unlimited Internet access in Personalising In my experience, the arts are very important. classrooms? Subjects like drama and music really helped me to B: Overall, it’s a good idea to have Internet access in express myself and feel more self-confident. classrooms. However, … 4 A: Do high school students get too much homework? ✓LANGUAGE CHECKLIST B: At our school they do. In my experience, … 3  Listen and complete the dialogue with phrases from the Generalising In general, … Language checklist. Generally speaking, … In the majority of cases, … Teacher: Claire, do you think young people should take a year off … is often the case. Most of the time, … between school and university? As a rule/Normally, … Claire: 1 Most of the time , students are very tired after Overall, … All in all, … taking their university entrance exams. 2 Personalising this, but my brother didn’t take a year off and he was very tired in In my experience, … One thing that I’ve noticed is … his first year at university. I will never forget the time when … Just a few days/months ago, I … Teacher: Harry, do you agree? I only have limited experience of … Personally, … Harry: 3 , I don’t think it’s necessary. Speaking from my own experience, … 4 , students have about four or five months before they start university following their high school exams. I think that gives them enough time to rest. 4 Work with your partner to answer these questions. Expand your answers by generalising or talking about a personal experience. Use the words and phrases in the Language checklist to help you. 1 Why do some students cheat in exams? ONE-MINUTE TALK 2 Does homework really help students learn? 3 Should students be tested more or less? Why? Ys•ocbhuuohioladlv.ineUgsosenatehnmedsifneaucptireloittmioepsdtesstcorihbeelpyoyuorui.deal • saupbpjreocatcshteasugtohtteaching/learning 147 • classroom equipment •

Writing Formal email We write formal emails to people we don’t know well or for professional purposes. In the introduction, you should mention the reason why you are writing. When you write to complain about a service, product, situation or someone’s behaviour, you should clearly state what went wrong and what you expect to happen next. In your conclusion, you need to be specific about whether you want the person or company to apologise, give a refund, replace an item or take some other kind of action. 1 Read the writing task and answer the questions. 3 Complete the table with these sentences. Decide if Homework app they state an issue or suggest a course of action. Your school started using an expensive new app to A mistake has been made with our order. ✔ inform students about their homework. However, I believe the item should be replaced. the app is very slow at updating. Consequently, I insist that a full refund be given. students don’t find out about homework until the last minute and often miss critical deadlines. I would be grateful if you could identify a solution to this problem. Write an email to the software company complaining about the situation and suggesting what you think The equipment we were sent was damaged. should be done. Write 140–190 words in an appropriate style. There are considerable delays which create confusion. 1 What do you have to write? 2 What kind of language do you need to use? There seems to be a problem with the software. 3 Which points should you include? We think steps should be taken to prevent 4 How are you going to start your email? this from happening in the future. 2 Read the model email and answer the questions. Issue Course of action 5 1 A mistake has been made with our order. Dear Sir or Madam, 2 6 We are writing to express our dissatisfaction with the 3 7 HomeWork Pro app which our school licensed recently 4 8 from your company. Our school has almost one thousand students. It is, therefore, essential that we have effective systems to make sure teachers, students and parents are informed about what is happening at our school. We subscribed to HomeWork Pro hoping that it would assist us in keeping all students, especially those who are absent, up to date with their homework. When the app was first installed, it worked very well. However, an update which was installed on 7th May appears to have created glitches in the app. For example, there are considerable delays between teachers uploading new information and students receiving that information. Furthermore, when new data is uploaded for some classes, previous entries are automatically deleted. As you can imagine, this creates massive confusion which results in some students’ homework not getting done. We would like to be able to contact customer support when we face problems with updates. In addition, we should be given a full refund on our subscription as compensation for the confusion which has been caused. We look forward to your reply. Yours faithfully, Halifax Secondary School Student Council 1 Is the email formal and polite? 2 What are the issues? 3 What is the suggested course of action? 4 Look at the text in bold. Why has the passive been used? 148

5 Read the writing task. Work with a partner and complete the notes. WORK IT OUT! Writing an effective complaint email • E xplain what the problems are. Be as specific as you can without giving unnecessary detail. • State clearly what action you expect the reader to take. • Use the passive voice to be less direct and more formal. 4 Rewrite the sentences in the passive to make them School trip more formal. Write them in your notebook. Your school recently went on a trip to another country. However, the accommodation that the 1 You sent me a broken screen. students stayed in was not of the standard expected. 2 You should check all orders more carefully. On top of that, the tour bus broke down twice during 3 Everyone believes this mistake is unacceptable. the trip and an important day trip was cancelled. 4 You should give me a full refund. 5 You have to take steps to prevent this from Write an email to the travel agency that organised the happening again. trip complaining about the situation and suggesting 6 Please find a solution soon. what you think should be done. Write 140–190 words in an appropriate style. Formal email (complaint): School trip Issues: ✓LANGUAGE CHECKLIST Action to be taken: Stating the reason for writing I am writing to complain about … I am writing with regard to … I am writing to express my disappointment/ 6 Write your complaint email. Use ideas from Exercise 5 dissatisfaction with … Suggesting a course of action and complete the paragraph plan below. I would be grateful if … Greeting: Dear Sir or Madam, … I would appreciate it if … Paragraph 1: State the reason for writing. I think steps should be taken to … It is my belief that a refund/an apology/ Paragraph 2: an explanation should be given … Paragraph 3: I must insist on a full refund. Paragraph 4: I trust that you will replace the item. Sign off: Yours faithfully, … I would like to know what action you propose to take. Adjectives ✓WRITING CHECKLIST alarming dangerous When you've written your email, make sure: hazardous • you have included the reason for writing, what inadequate substandard went wrong and what you would like to happen unclean now unhygienic • your email starts and ends appropriately unsafe • y ou have used polite, formal language. Writing 149

Review 10 Vocabulary Grammar yesterday Choose the correct answers. Choose the correct answers. 1 This new computer software is designed to 1 The new interactive whiteboards students in class. morning. A assign A were installed B assist B had installed C absorb C were installing D apply D installed 2 They have been given instructions on how to 2 Instagram to be one of the top-ten social media the task. sites. A carry out A is considering B drop out B considers C cross out C is considered D make out D they consider 3 She Spanish while she was living in Mexico. 3 ‘Have you heard that PE class has been cancelled?’ A signed up ‘Yes, we earlier this morning.’ B picked up C caught up A are informed D made up B were informed C going to be informed D have been informed 4 Students are required to complete all homework 4 Application letters must by next Wednesday. by the end of the week. A be sent B send A subjects C have sent B paths D had sent C issues D assignments 5 He finished his project but didn’t on time. 5 Ms Parker to be a very competent teacher. A give it in A said B write it in B says C hand it in C should say D fit it in D is said 6 Sylvia the same school as her younger brother. 6 The teacher had the students an experiment in A learns the science lab. B prepares C focuses A done D attends B doing C do D did 7 The language teacher always gives us on our performance in class. 7 Incomplete assignments marked. A assistance A won’t have B feedback B won’t be C progress C wouldn’t D attendance D won’t 8 She started a degree in economics but a year 8 Harry got his classmate the essay for him. later. A write B written A dropped out C to be written B got across D to write C fell behind D took up 9 The school has had the computer network twice this year. 9 My eldest brother graduated university two years ago. A upgraded B upgrade A by C to upgrade B of D to be upgraded C from D in 150

1 You are going to read an article about an unusual school. Practice 10 For questions 1–10, choose from the four sections (A–D). The sections may be chosen more than once. Which section stresses the importance of having fun while learning? 1 describes a unique piece of furniture? 2 explains how the online community works? 3 illustrates how you can learn from your mistakes? 4 mentions how students’ progress is recorded? 5 gives details about the school building? 6 describes students’ involvement in an environmental issue? 7 mentions technology developed by students? 8 gives information about how student groups are organised? 9 talks about a different approach to research work done 10 by students? Is the future of learning already here? A C In most schools around the world, lessons are led by Even the desks at Agora School are completely teachers. There are some schools, however, that do different from those in conventional schools, things differently. Agora School in the Netherlands where they are all exactly the same shape and is a shining example. The school’s unusual approach size, and are just a functional piece of furniture. is obvious as soon as you enter the building. For a Not in this school. Students here are allowed to start, it’s an open-plan building and there are no customise their desks in any way they like. Some classrooms. Classrooms aren’t needed because there students even used part of an old car so that it are no scheduled classes. Students aren’t divided looks like they’re sitting in a convertible car! into groups depending on their age and level of The students took responsibility for designing education. They are allowed to move around freely their desks and sourcing the necessary and decide how they will spend their day and who materials. In doing so, they became aware of how they will work with. At Agora School, the emphasis the recycling process works. But they also learnt is placed on learning rather than on teaching. This the importance of accuracy in mathematics and means that students are encouraged to decide on getting the figures right. The front part of the car the best learning approach for them. They become they were going to use was too big and couldn’t motivated and get actively involved in what they are fit into the lift. They should have taken the size doing. of the lift into account. As a result, they had to start all over again. This definitely taught them B a lesson in making the right calculations and Learning at Agora School is entirely project-based. applying the information to any project. It is not done through lessons which are given by teachers in traditional subjects like maths, history D and science. In conventional schools, project work is Play is considered to be a very important tool in usually something practical that students do at the learning. It can be any activity that stimulates end of a unit of study, after they have been presented the brain. Play at school develops children with key concepts. At Agora School, students learn physically, socially and emotionally. At Agora by doing the project itself. However, that doesn’t School, students are allowed to play as much as mean that students don’t learn the same things as they wish. In fact, the school is partly a theme students in traditional educational systems. For park. What makes its educational model even example, mathematical concepts might be learnt more unique is that students aren’t tested using while doing a practical technology or geography exams either. Instead, their progress is tracked project rather than as part of a conventional maths by a special software program called Egodact. lesson. Naturally, the Internet is one of the most Not surprisingly, this software was specially important tools that students use for their projects. designed by three students at Agora School! They tend to favour ‘network knowledge’. They share This definitely doesn’t feel or look like a school. findings with their peers and are aware of what It’s too relaxed and too much fun! And that’s everybody else is doing at any moment. precisely the point! 151

Practice 10 2  You will hear an interview with Gina Warner, a high school headmistress, who is talking about testing. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1 Gina would like a testing system that A measures students against a standard. B focuses on students’ accomplishments. C identifies students’ skills and talents. 2 What does Gina think of standardised tests? A Preparing for them is not boring. B They make schools adopt a learner-centred approach. C Teachers’ main focus is to prepare students for them. 3 What disappoints Gina as exam time approaches? A how little time is left for preparation B optional subjects being stopped C students feeling they will fail 4 What was the purpose of standardised testing? A to help students do better at school B to motivate students to study maths and science C to make learning more interesting 5 What does Gina believe should be a school's objective? A higher test results B better exam preparation C to improve students’ personal abilities and talents 6 Gina’s ideal educational system would A recognise students’ different learning styles. B not test students in any way. C test students using multiple choice questions. 7 What does Gina believe about school deadlines? A They cause students too much stress. B They help students to face up to their responsibilities. C They have both positive and negative effects on students. 152

Vocabulary Progress check 5 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of Units 9-10 these phrasal verbs. 2 Circle the correct words. break down clean up cut down die out 1 Schools are trying to raise students’ heat up run out of throw away turn off environmental awareness / unaware. 1 Residents started city parks 2 Waste management is a matter of great importance / important. last Wednesday. 3 Lisa has the leading / leadership qualities 2 How is our ecosystem affected when we to be team captain. trees? 4 We need to find sponsored / sponsorship for our research trip. 3 How can I the water supply to the bathroom? 5 Local conservationists / conservations have arranged a meeting in two weeks. 4 Consumers in the USA around 6 Ian is an active campaign / campaigner 100 billion plastic bags every year. for animal rights. 5 The planet fast because of global 7 The activists / activities reported that the government refused to meet with them. warming. 6 Can you the costs of the project? 7 Dinosaurs millions of years ago. 8 What will we do when we natural resources? 3 Complete the sentences with these words. absorb apply compulsory fall fluency feedback optional 1 How can you what you have learnt in the workplace? 2 Iappreciate being given on my work. 3 Wearing uniforms is no longer in a lot of schools in the UK. 4 Students are asked to a lot of new information very quickly. 5 My daughter might behind with her schoolwork because she’s been absent for a week. 6 The history course is . Alternatively, one could choose poetry or creative writing. 7 Encouraging students to use apps is one way of building their in digital media. 4 Read the text and choose the correct answers. Did you know? Schools have changed a lot over the years. Blackboards have been replaced with 1 whiteboards and textbooks have been replaced with laptops. One thing that hasn’t changed much is homework. Students in China are 2 the most homework in the world – they do an average of 40 hours of homework weekly. In Pakistan, education is 3 only for children aged five to nine. In the Netherlands, children start 4 school as soon as they turn four years old, which means there is a new kid at school almost every day. This is different in Finland, where students first go to school at the age of seven. In Iceland, knitting is one of the 5 taught at school. It doesn’t matter if you are a boy or girl, you have to learn how to knit a sweater at a young age. Japan has one of the world’s best educated populations with 96% high school 6 nationwide and nearly 100% in the cities. The largest school in the world in terms of number of students is the City Montessori School in India with 32,000 students. A school in the Philippines is made entirely of 7 bottles filled with sand and water. It took about 9,000 bottles and dozens of volunteers to build it. Finally, in Russia, children always start school on 1st September (Knowledge Day), even when it falls on a weekend. 1 A effective B interactive C competent D directed 2 A tested B marked C prepared D assigned 3 A compulsory B passive C active D individual 4 A assisting B reporting C attending D maintaining 5 A lessons B subjects C units D projects 6 A performance B learning C fluency D attendance 7 A recycled B disposed C thrown D wasted 153

Progress check 5 3 Read and complete the text. Write one word in each gap. Units 9-10 Grammar 1 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. 1 The students have just completed their written assignment. The written assignment . 2 They must hand in their essays next week. Climate strikes The essays Climate strikes were a series of strikes and protests . that took place in September 2019. These strikes 1 3 They can take the exam again at the end of the inspired by Swedish climate activist Greta school year. Thunberg. 2 was reported that the protests The exam took place across 4,500 locations in 150 countries. . The protests were organised 3 different environmental groups and were probably the largest 4 We should replace blackboards with smart boards. climate strikes in world history. The protesters Blackboards demanded that action should 4 taken to . protect the planet and stop climate change. In Montreal, where Greta Thunberg talked, classes 5 5 You must meet deadlines for the end-of-year cancelled for about one hundred thousand project. students. Organisers claimed that half a million Deadlines for the end-of-year project people joined the protest in Montreal. Greta explained . her plan to 6 carbon emissions reduced by more than 50% by 2050 and 7 awarded the 6 Professor Schultz will answer queries by email. Key to the City of Montreal by Mayor Valerie Plante. Queries . 4 Complete the second sentence so that it means the 2 Rewrite the sentences in the causative form. same as the first, using the word given. Do not change the word. Use between two and five words. 1 A technician is installing a new smart board in their classroom. 1 ‘You’d better put the glass containers into the blue recycling bin,’ she said. They SUGGESTED . She 2 Cousin Jack filled out the application form for me. the glass containers into the blue recycling bin. I had 2 ‘We should see a lawyer,’ they said. . INSISTED 3 Dr Frazer insists that students should carry out They experiments without any help. a lawyer. Dr Frazer gets 3 ‘Businesses have to obey environmental laws,’ the activist said. . THAT 4 Someone is going to redesign our school website. The activist said We environmental laws. . 4 ‘Are you going to clean up the beach tomorrow?’ Greg asked. 5 The headmistress asks her assistant to check school attendance every day. WERE The headmistress has Greg asked us to clean up the beach the following day. . 5 ‘Please don’t throw away the food,’ he said to her. 6 Can you ask someone to photocopy the report? ASKED Can you He ? away the food. 6 ‘Do they transport oil in tankers?’ Paul wanted to know. TRANSPORTED Paul asked in tankers. 154



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