Ultimate_B1+_Workbook

English B1+ WORKBOOK



Contents Unit 1 pages 4-13 Unit 2 pages 14-23 Progress check 1 (Units 1–2) pages 24-25 Unit 3 pages 26-35 Unit 4 pages 36-45 Progress check 2 (Units 3–4) pages 46-47 Unit 5 pages 48-57 Unit 6 pages 58-67 Progress check 3 (Units 5–6) pages 68-69 Unit 7 pages 70-79 Unit 8 pages 80-89 Progress check 4 (Units 7–8) pages 90-91 Unit 9 pages 92-101 Unit 10 pages 102-111 Progress check 5 (Units 9–10) pages 112-113

Reading The digital age 1 Read the text and answer the questions. 1 Why do the elderly prefer using tablets? 2 Who is Baddie Winkle? Granny on social media Social media are not just for young people anymore. that it can be as complicated for them to learn as it A growing number of people between the ages of 65 is for you to teach them! Stick to the basics to keep and 74 are becoming active social media users. In it fun and easy. It may even make sense to cover the 2019, 76% of the participants in a survey in this age information over several conversations. Be prepared! category said they had used social media, compared Once they have learnt how to use social media, they to 40% five years earlier. An increase in social media may never get off their device again! Take Baddie use was also seen among people aged 75 and over. Winkle, for example. This 92-year-old granny has Exchanging text messages using apps like WhatsApp over three million followers on Instagram, including is the most popular use of the Internet among the Rihanna and Miley Cyrus! elderly. A growing number of elderly people are active on social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, You should be happy your grandparents are keen to Instagram or Snapchat and are using the Internet to join the digital world. Social media use can have a make calls. The top two social media platforms for number of health benefits for the elderly. Nowadays people aged 65+ are the same as those for younger families are more geographically distant than ever age groups. before, and social media are an easy way to connect with faraway relatives. While nothing replaces face- But how will you react when you find out your to-face communication, social media are a great grandparents are using social media? The two most way to keep in touch with family members. Another common reactions seem to be, ‘Oh no! They’re going benefit is that elderly people can make new friends to screenshot everything I post and start writing who have similar interests, or find long lost friends comments,’ or ‘I’m going to have to spend hours from childhood. Finally, social media use can be very teaching them how to work this.’ It’s only reasonable educational. Scrolling through Facebook news is a that your grandparents should need help to create great way to stay informed and keep up to date with a profile on Instagram or an account on Facebook. local and global events. They’re a great news source. And who’s a better expert than you to teach them the basics of social media? You can either bravely Whether it’s laughing at a meme, catching up with offer your help or regret it later. The training old friends, reliving the past, playing games, or starts after you help them choose the right device. reading articles, social media are a great way to Today over one third of elderly people own a tablet. laugh, learn and share. Do your grandparents have Tablets are small and light, with screens larger than a social media account yet? Have they asked you to smartphones, and they are more affordable than help them create one, but you didn’t bother? Perhaps other devices. Most importantly, tablets are simpler you should make the effort because it may affect to learn to use. It may still take some time before their quality of life. And who knows? Your grandma or the elderly can become confident users. Remember grandpa could be the next Instagram celebrity. But not without your help! 4

2 Read the text again and choose the correct answers. 1 What is the writer’s purpose in the first paragraph? A to encourage the elderly to use social media B to describe the growing interest of the elderly in social media C to explain why the elderly use social media D to present the benefits of social media use 2 How do young people react when their grandparents become active on social media? A They think it will affect them negatively. B They are not concerned about it. C They think it’s very positive. D They believe they will regret it. 3 The writer says that young people should ‘cover the 3 Circle the correct words. information over several conversations’ to show that 1 Can increased screen time A it’s interesting to talk to the elderly. interact / affect sleep quality? B it takes time to train the elderly. C it’s not advisable to talk to the elderly. 2 Are you aware / exposed of the D they have nothing to talk about with the elderly. dangers of online gaming? 4 What do we learn about Baddie Winkle? 3 The article provides effective / A Celebrities don’t follow her on social media. valuable information on Internet B She can’t increase the number of her followers. safety. C Learning how to use social media was complicated for her. D She’s famous on social media despite her age. 4 Social media platforms give people immediate access / 5 What does the writer say about face-to-face communication? benefit to information. A It’s the best form of communication. B It’s less important than online communication. 5 What are the values / benefits C It’s not always beneficial. of a healthy lifestyle? D It’s not important for elderly people. 6 They complained about the 6 What are the benefits of social media use for the elderly? interactive / excessive noise A It’s good that they share videos with their friends. coming from the flat next door. B The only benefit is keeping in touch with their family. C Using social media can help them enjoy life more. 7 It’s difficult to keep up with D It’s educational, but not entertaining. fashion because it’s excessively / constantly changing. 8 Stress is one of the negative affects / effects of using social media. 4 Answer the questions about you. 1 How much time do you spend online every day? 2 What do you usually use the Internet for? 3 What do your friends use the Internet for? 4 What is your favourite social media app? Why? Reading 5

Vocabulary Social media 1 Choose the correct answers. 1 How many does Billie Eilish have on Instagram? # A followers B influencers C peers 2 The football match will be on most sports sites. A followed B subscribed C video-streamed 3 He’s a YouTuber and he’s well known in the online . A influence B community C exposure 4 Please leave a if you enjoyed this video. A subscription B view C comment 5 Teenagers are always trying to impress their . A viewers B peers C subscribers 6 His show went viral and had over five million on YouTube in a year. A communities B idols C views 7 Businesses often hire media to help advertise their products. A idols B influencers C YouTubers 8 Ariana Grande is the of thousands of teenagers. A idol B follower C peer 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. the words given. block follow go log in post subscribe 1 Iam hopeful (hope) that they will agree to our proposal. 1 A video goes viral when it gets 2 It was very (thought) of more than five million views in a seven-day them to remember my birthday. period. 3 We get awfully bored with his 2 How do I to my email account? (end) stories. 3 More than two hundred million people 4 You’ve been very (help). footballer Cristiano Thank you! Ronaldo on Instagram. 5 Unfortunately, most of the information on this 4 If I someone on Instagram, website is (use). I need to will they know that I’ve done this? keep looking. 5 You should never information 6 This project requires very (care) planning. about your travel plans or location. 6 What happens when someone 7 Do you believe that stress and anxiety can be to a YouTube channel? (harm) to your health? 4 Complete the text with the correct form of the words given. An influencer for you! Is your business not doing well? Are you feeling 1 hopeless (hope)? Do you want help to increase online sales? Why don’t you hire an influencer? Social media influencers can have up to 20,000 2 (follow), and they can be 3 (use) when you want to promote your products. But you need to be 4 (care) how to choose one. Make sure they have influence over the audience you are trying to reach because that’s how they can be 5 (help). You can start by looking at their posting habits and the profile of their 6 (subscribe) if they own a channel. Hiring the right influencer can be a 7 (value) marketing tool, especially since younger audiences prefer social media over television. Adidas is one of the most famous brands using influencer marketing to promote their products with amazing results. 6

5 Circle the correct words. 1 If you are fed up with / for social media, why don’t you delete your accounts? 2 You must limit yourself in / to two cups of coffee a day. 3 Does the quality of teaching depend on / from class size? 4 Can a person be addicted from / to chocolate? 5 Idon’t feel I can comment for / on his decision to retire. 6 Research has shown that happy people interact more with / about others. 7 Don’t be afraid to stand up from / for yourself when you’re bullied. 8 Product prices may vary from / by store to store. mini Practice 6 Read and choose the correct answers. Why do teens quit social media? It’s true that teens today are more 1 on social media than any other age group. It’s also true that more and more teens are 2 a break from social media. Eighteen-year-old Ann is one of them. ‘When I check my Instagram 3 , I see posts about parties I wasn’t invited to and I feel left out.’ According to British researchers, apps like Instagram 4 young people negatively. ‘Instagram makes me anxious. Whenever, I hear about how many 5 my friends have or how many likes they get, it stresses me out,’ Ann says. ‘I feel that social media take away time that I could spend chatting with my friends in person. I don’t 6 or unfollow my friends, but I have stopped checking for messages every five minutes,’ she adds. ‘I have 7 my time on social media a lot and I may eventually decide to delete all my accounts. I am surprised by how much more free time I have now that I’m not 8 on my phone. Social media may be part of our lives, but we shouldn’t allow them to run our lives.’ 1 A concerned B active C present D positive TIPS 2 A taking B making C creating D planning 3 A view B account C comment D channel Read question 4. 4 A interact B follow C affect D create Which of the four 5 A viewers B subscribers C idols D followers verbs can be used to 6 A limit B block C comment D expose describe a negative 7 A followed B connected C limited D viewed change? 8 A constantly B thoughtfully C excessively D harmfully Vocabulary 7

Grammar 1 Read and circle the correct answers. Do the verbs describe actions or states? Write A (action) or S (stative) next to each verb. This is Zac’s profile on Instagram. He 1 likes / is liking ( S ) outdoor activities and he obviously 2 prefers / is preferring ( ) adventure sports. He 3 goes / is going ( ) kayaking every weekend and 4 plays / is playing ( ) ice hockey twice a week. Take a look at some of the pictures he has posted. He definitely 5 looks / is looking ( ) like he 6 has / is having ( ) a great time. 2 Complete. Use the present simple or the present continuous. Follow me! A vlogger, or video blogger, is someone who makes videos and then uploads them to the Internet on a regular basis. A YouTuber is anyone who 1 uploads (upload) videos on YouTube specifically. A vlogger like Jennifer Owen is essentially a YouTuber. Jennifer 2 (own) a YouTube channel where she 3 (share) videos of social events like festivals, campaigns, concerts, etc. Today she 4 (work) on a video about the local youth festival. ‘I 5 (not prepare) the content of my vlogs, like other YouTubers,’ she says. Jennifer’s vlogs 6 (usually / be) 10 minutes long, and her followers 7 (love) them because they are like short films for the cinema! ‘I show my emotions and tell my viewers how I’m feeling at a particular moment,’ she says. Jennifer’s channel 8 (gain) more and more subscribers every day. Subscribe to her YouTube channel and find out why her vlogs are so popular! 3 Circle the correct answers. 1 They ’re posting / post a lot of selfies every day. 2 Be quiet! Zoe is making / makes a video for her blog. 3 Are they having / Do they have lunch at the same time every day? 4 Hurry up! I ’m running out / run out of patience. 5 Alex is always checking / always checks his messages at the dinner table, which is very annoying! 6 The webinar is starting / starts in ten minutes. Is everything ready? 7 I can’t eat this soup. It is tasting / tastes a bit funny. 8 Jenny ’s thinking / think about setting up her own YouTube channel. 9 Older people are rarely changing / rarely change their sleeping habits. 10 She is preferring / prefers detective stories to science fiction. 8

4 Write. Are the words in bold adjectives or adverbs? adverb 1 The restaurant is not far from here. 2 Angela has long curly hair. 3 ‘This isn’t fair!’ she shouted angrily. 4 My best friend Peter is a warm and friendly person. 5 I’ve worked very hard all my life. 6 How fast can you finish the report? 7 He’s an intelligent young man with a lively personality. 5 Complete. Use the comparative or superlative form of the words in brackets. 1 I think this is the most interesting (interesting) post on the site. 2 Watch this video about (cleverly) designed house in the world. 3 I’m too tired to walk any (far). 4 Yesterday was one of (hot) days of the summer. 5 Kate knows how to use this app much (well) than I do. 6 Could you talk (quietly) please? I can’t concentrate. 7 This is (good) selfie she’s posted so far. 8 Things might get (bad) than they are now. mini Practice 6 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the word given. Do not change the word. Use between two and five words. 1 She may move to New York. THINKING She is thinking about moving to New York. 2 I think he is upset about something. APPEARS something. He 3 I work a lot and I don’t spend much time with my family. LESS with my family. The more I work, 4 They won’t arrive as late as we expected. THAN we expected. They will 5 Are there any video games that are cheaper than this? THE Is this game? 6 We have another ten minutes before the beginning of the Skype meeting. IN The Skype meeting ten minutes. TIPS Look at question 5. Do you need to use the comparative or the superlative? In which case do you need to use the definite article the? Grammar 9

Listening  You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about social media apps. For questions 1–5, choose from the list (A–H) what each speaker says about them. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. A I admit that I use social media excessively. S peaker 1 G B My school performance improved after deleting my account. S peaker 2 C It took me a year to get over my social media addiction. S peaker 3 D I use Instagram stories to build my audience. S peaker 4 E My friends were not surprised when I quit social media. Speaker 5 F You can use social media to get a job. G Being active on social media made me feel anxious. H I don’t want social media to control my life. 10

Writing 1 Read the writing task. Underline the key words. You have received an email from your English-speaking friend. You are thinking about deleting your Instagram account. What are the reasons? What do you believe is the best way to communicate with your friends? Finally, do you know if any of your friends are also planning to delete their accounts? Write your email. (140-190 words) 2 Read the ideas for the email in Exercise 1. Then decide which ideas to include in Paragraph 2 and which in Paragraph 3. Paragraph 2: Reasons why I want to delete my account • causes stress [✓ 1 causes stress • hang out with 2 friends 3 ••••scsmhoeaannrksdeetsaeemnxmtpaleeyilrsfcieehoenelrccuetknsexhptaospsptsy Paragraph 3: The best way to communicate with friends 1 2 3 Writing 3 Write your email response using the paragraph plan and the notes in Exercise 2. Greeting Paragraph 1: Introduce the reason for writing and refer back to your friend’s email. Paragraph 2: Explain why you want to delete your account. Paragraph 3: Talk about the best way to communicate with friends. Paragraph 4: Mention friends that may delete their accounts too. Closing 11

Practice 1 1 Read the text and choose the correct answers. Why do we love memes? Memes are everywhere, and they are addictive. Grumpy Cat, Batman slapping Robin, and the Ice Bucket Challenge are some of the memes that have flooded the Internet. An Internet meme, more commonly known simply as meme, is a digital file that is spread through the Internet. It is usually a combination of image and a concept or catchphrase, but it can also be a photo, a video or a hashtag. They’re a worldwide social phenomenon. They’re a way of connecting with people across the Internet. There are natural disaster memes, animal memes, celebrity memes, etc. They represent the thoughts and feelings of a specific audience and they’re ideal for the digital age. Meme lovers have formed an enormous fan club on the Internet. However, not any image with a text can qualify as a meme. For something to become a meme, it must be copied and recreated multiple times. It has to be shared on the Internet massively and probably get creatively changed on the way. The most successful memes spread quickly, and last a long time. You can share a meme by uploading it on your social media page. But what makes them so funny? And are they truly funny or do we just try to make ourselves laugh to fit into our peer group? Nowadays, people love to laugh together about something, which is why these memes are popular. Memes are very appealing because they take seconds to read, they’re funny and easily shared, and they’re a familiar part of social media. The Ice Bucket Challenge, which went viral on social media in 2014, is an example of a popular meme that could be easily reproduced without specific instructions to follow. Most people can download apps on their smartphones or computers and then copy, share, and adapt their favourite meme countless times. This allows a meme to evolve and stay popular even longer. Since the average person reportedly spends nearly two hours on social media every day, it makes sense for businesses to use memes in their marketing strategy. Memes are definitely age-specific. If you use a meme to advertise your business, you must be careful not to target the wrong audience. The success will depend on how carefully you match the message of the meme with the interests of the specific age groups. People’s sense of humour changes as they age. Studies show that memes take up a lot of Internet users’ time. A research team from Indiana University has designed a tool which tracks memes while they are spreading and being adapted online. Findings show that memes’ journeys are often considerably long. Reports also note that memes have a distinct social character. It’s an interesting way for people to comment on things that concern them. Through sharing memes, people share experiences and interact with each other. In a way, people reproduce what matters to them at a given moment, even if what matters may sometimes be a silly joke. 12

1 What is the writer’s purpose in the first 4 How has technology affected the popularity of memes? paragraph? A You can download memes from websites. A to explain why memes are funny B It is easier to create and distribute memes. B to suggest that not all people like memes C Apps that make memes are difficult to use. C to describe the most popular memes D There are online instructions about how to D to explain what memes are make memes. 2 The most successful memes 5 What does the writer think about memes used in A are copied and sent to social media users. advertising? B spread fast and stay popular a long time. A The same memes appeal to all age groups. C have images of natural disasters. B Only younger people can appreciate memes. D are videos of celebrities. C Different memes appeal to different age groups. D Memes appeal only to those with a sense of 3 The Ice Bucket Challenge is an example of humour. a meme that A wasn’t difficult to recreate. 6 Why do people share memes? B couldn’t be changed without instructions. A to make their friends laugh C went viral but wasn’t very funny. B to reproduce what others have done D people downloaded on their C to find new friends on social media smartphones. D to share ideas about popular trends 2 Read and complete the text. Write one word in each gap. Negative comments on social media How (1) people usually respond to the negative comments they receive on their social media accounts? Do they ignore them or do they argue with the person who posted them? Responses usually depend (2) the nature of the comments and the specific situation. But the answer to the question ‘Should you reply to criticism?’ is definitely ‘Yes’. It’s impossible to avoid criticism nowadays. But you should always stand up (3) yourself. Leaving criticism without a reply gives more power to the negative statement (4) it may deserve. If you do (5) want to respond publicly, you can send a private message, which is indeed a brilliant tool. On the other hand, for (6) important issues, replying publicly is a great way to present and justify your point of view. Be humorous and show the lighter side of yourself. Use your judgment to work out which method would work (7) for you. You shouldn’t have to delete (8) comments. It’s unlikely to make the person go away, and it may even motivate them to post more. Practice 1 13

Reading The world’s a classroom 1 Read the texts and answer the questions. 1 Which school uses digital textbooks? School of the Future in Philadelphia, USA. 2 Why are schools built on boats in Bangladesh? 3 Which school increases the connection between children and the natural world? The most unusual schools in the world A Boat school, Bangladesh C School of the Future, USA Schools in Bangladesh are being built on boats so Without a doubt, this is the school from which many classes can still run during floods. A non-profit future pioneers in the field of technology will soon organisation has transformed boats into schools, and be graduating. School of the Future is a public high there are currently more than one hundred schools, school located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Since libraries, healthcare clinics and training centres 2006, the Microsoft-designed school accommodates built on boats. When children cannot get to school students from diverse backgrounds; mostly from low- because there is no transportation, the school comes income families. Those who enrol are given a laptop to them, by boat. The day starts with the boat picking but no books as learning at this school doesn’t require up the children for school and once the boat docks, them to use paper at all. The textbooks are entirely the learning begins. Thirty students attend each boat electronic, and each classroom has a web camera, school, where they are supplied with electronic devices a projector, and other advanced technologies. For and hundreds of books. These boats are innovative example, students have digital lockers and teachers and sustainable, with solar panels that provide use a learning process that is modelled on Microsoft’s electricity. Some of them even have a playground on management techniques. The school supports the upper level. Environmental protection and water individual learning styles and active learning conservation are on the list of learning objectives. methods. It has one teacher for every twenty students, and about five hundred students in B Cave school, China total. The aim is to give them an education that is more relevant to today’s world of work. Situated in a small village in Ziyun County, China, Dongzhong Cave had been a place of learning since D Forest nursery schools, Northern Europe 1984. Ziyun County is one of the poorest areas of China, and for most children, going to school is not an These outdoor nursery schools are found throughout option. The locals decided to take education into their Northern Europe. They provide pre-school education own hands. They didn’t have the resources to build a for children between the ages of three and six. Just proper school and therefore decided to transform the cave like any other nursery school, their aim is to help into their primary school. The school was set up inside a children develop social skills and understand the huge natural cave which was carved out of a mountain wider world around them. They achieve this by putting over thousands of years by wind and water. It employed children in close contact with nature and having them eight teachers who taught about two hundred students. play with objects that can be found in the forest, Despite its bare interior, teachers had found several rather than commercial toys. Basically, the children natural benefits of teaching in the cave. The acoustics are encouraged to play, explore and learn in a forest were perfect for music and choir training, and biology environment. A forest nursery school is a school was a hands-on experience thanks to the presence ‘without a ceiling or walls’. Each school is different, of lizards and bats. However, the school had to but typical activities include listening to stories, close down in 2011. building large structures out of branches, and playing memory games with objects that can easily be made from materials found nearby. It’s a relaxing and fun environment that makes learning more meaningful. 102

2 Read the texts again. For questions 1–10, choose from the four sections (A–D). The sections may be chosen more than once. Which section D 1 emphasises the importance of learning outdoors? 2 talks about connecting education to the workplace? 3 refers to a school that was set up by locals? 4 explains how weather events can close down schools? 5 refers to a school that was founded by a software company? 6 talks about transforming a natural feature into a school? 7 mentions schools designed for very young learners? 8 refers to learning assisted by technological equipment? 9 mentions a school that produces green energy? 10 explains why children don’t play with conventional toys? 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of these words. absence alert assist attendance buddy feed maintain struggle 1 One of the job responsibilities is to assist in training new employees. 2 If you someone, you warn them of a potentially dangerous situation. 3 A live allows the public to watch NASA’s mission to Mars. 4 It’s getting late and Shona is to finish her maths homework. 5 Can you think of an explanation for his from school today? 6 Who is responsible for keeping a daily record of students’ ? 7 Our first priority is to a high level of customer service. 8 Howard and Gerry are old college of mine. 4 Answer the questions about you. 1 What is your favourite school subject? Why? 2 If you could choose, what type of school would you go to? 3 Do students learn better inside or outside the classroom? Why? Reading 103

Vocabulary Education and technology 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form these words. active apply assign beneficial carry out give prepare style 1 The teacher has assigned a different task to each group of students. 2 What is the most effective teaching ? 3 You must follow the instructions if you want to simple science experiments at home. 4 How can we help students the knowledge and skills they’ve learnt at school? 5  learning is engaging because children learn by doing. 6 Our science teacher rarely us feedback on assignments. 7 Problem-solving and creative activities are always for students. 8 Why is it important to for exams? 2 Read and circle the correct words. Getting ready for university Are you thinking of going to university? Well, research is key to a successful application. Consider which 1 lessons / subjects you enjoy and the type of career you might be interested in. Then think about researching which universities offer what you are looking for. ➤ S tudents usually 2 apply / graduate for a ➤ Students are expected to 5 hand in / carry on course in the academic year before they two or three assignments per subject, each plan to go to university. The earliest you term. can send in an application is the September ➤ Students who fail to 6 answer / meet before the year when you want to start assignment deadlines may be examined your course. orally. Professors are usually given ten ➤ You must 3 enrol / apply at least three weeks working days to 7 mark / do assignments. before the start date of the course. ➤ S tudents who complete the course ➤ Y ou should 4 attend / take all classes successfully receive a bachelor’s 8 degree / regularly. Unlike high school, you can miss grade. About two million students 9 attend / classes without a reason or consequence. graduate from universities in the UK every year. 3 Circle the correct words. 1 She attended a summer course to develop fluency / knowledge in written and spoken English. 2 Compulsory / Optional education refers to a period of educational attendance required of all students. 3 Students apply / absorb information better when they’re not tired or bored. 4 Students are largely passive in informative / conventional schooling. 5 The course offers a variety of optional / individual subjects that students can choose from. 6 Students with repeated absence may carry out / fall behind with schoolwork. 104

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of these phrasal verbs. catch up with cross out drop out fit in get … across make out pick up sign up for 1 He was absent for a month and tried his best to catch up with the rest of the class. 2 Why do students decide to of school? 3 Why did you the last sentence of your essay? 4 We heard the voices, but we couldn’t what they were saying. 5 Click on this button to karate classes. 6 I can’t speak Italian fluently, but I a few phrases while staying in Verona. 7 Some teachers aren’t very good at their ideas . 8 He’s a very experienced salesperson, but will he with the rest of the sales team? 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words given. 1 Can you please draw two lines of equal length (long)? 2 He has made some very bad career (choose). 3 How can we prevent the (lose) of more jobs? 4 You can send a letter of (complain) if you are unhappy. 5 We felt the (warm) of the sun. 6 I was surprised by his amazing (strong). 7 It is my (believe) that social robots will never replace humans. 8 Our language teacher gave us useful (advise) about how to prepare for the exam. mini Practice 6 Read and complete the text with the correct form of the words given. Qualities of a good teacher A good teacher can make a world of difference to a student’s life, impacting choices everything from their classroom learning to their life 1 . CHOOSE ACHIEVE Research shows that good teachers are the single most important factor LEAD ATTEND that contributes to student 2 in the classroom. Good EFFECT teachers are considered more important than school facilities, resources and POSITIVE KNOW even school 3 . Research indicates that improvements CONFIDENT in teacher quality greatly affects student 4 . When it comes to 5 teaching, good communication skills are a must. A lot of students go to class feeling discouraged by their prior experiences and are too nervous to approach the subject 6 . By communicating with students at the beginning of the year, teachers can find out how to better apply their 7 to their students’ favourite hobbies, and future career interests. Great communication doesn’t stop when the teacher finishes talking. Listening is another important skill all teachers need to develop. Teachers who are observant and good listeners can truly support their students to build their skills and 8 levels. TIPS Look at the word before the gap in question 1. Which part of speech do you need? Vocabulary 105

Grammar 1 Read and decide if the verb forms in bold are in the passive or the causative form. Traditional classroom learning Modern learning environment 1 Classes are held inside the 5 Schools have interactive whiteboards school building. installed in classrooms. 2 Emphasis is given to conventional 6 Students’ talents and strengths subjects. are recognised by teachers. 3 Students often get their homework 7 Learning is based on the collaboration of done with the help of their parents. students with their peers and teachers. 4 All students in a classroom are 8 Students have their progress checked taught the same material. through computer-based tests. Passive 1        Causative form     2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the passive. 1 Students are taught (teach) biology using virtual (must / choose) reality technology. (announce) in 2 Optional subjects before 30th September. 3 Examination results two weeks. 4 Your complaint (already / receive) and it is being processed. 5 The talk (give) by Dr Kilcullen, and it was attended by students and teachers. 6 They told us that the school trip (not organise) yet. (upload) right now. 7 The files (service). 8 He walked to work because his car 3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. . . 1 They have sent their application forms by email. . Their application forms have been sent by email . 2 Young people upload hundreds of selfies every day. . . 3 They caught three students cheating in the exam. . . 4 Someone has damaged the equipment in the science lab. 5 They have cancelled the monthly staff meeting. 6 We should hand in our assignment on Shakespeare next Monday. 7 They are installing the new software today. 8 Mr Davidson is going to mark our geography tests this week. 106

4 Rewrite the following sentences using impersonal passive structures. . . 1 People think that traditional learning methods are better. . It is thought that traditional learning methods are better . 2 We expect the new PCs to be delivered tomorrow. . The new PCs . 3 People believe that distance learning is ideal for university students. It 4 They report that Mr Harris gives the most useful feedback. It 5 They say that school buddies stay friends for ever. It 6 They have reported that school attendance has increased. It 5 Complete the sentences using the causative form. 1 We are having virtual reality headsets delivered 5 They (have / virtual reality headsets / deliver) today. (get / an architect / 2 Geography students design) the new sports hall last year. (have / two tasks / 6 They assign) to them last week. (have / a technician / repair) 3 They the interactive whiteboard at the moment. (have / a university 7 They lecturer / teach) the class next week. (get / a professional 4 He sometimes coach / train) the local rugby team last year. (have / his essays / 8 When write) by his sister. (they / going to / have / the new 3D printer / install)? mini Practice 6 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the TIPS word given. Do not change the word. Use between two and five words. Look at question 1. Who will do the 1 Debby asked her sister to do the literature project for her. GOT project? Which the literature structure do we use Debby got her sister to do when someone does something for us? project for her. 2 You must shorten your essay by 200 hundred words. MUST Your essay by 200 words. 3 They will ask you to talk about your career plans at the interview. ASKED You about your career plans at the interview. 4 The students wrote a report about noise pollution for the science teacher last week. HAD The science teacher a report about noise pollution last week. 5 They asked someone to fix the printer. HAD . They 6 You should include all the points when you write the essay. BE when you write the essay. All the points Grammar 107

Listening  You will hear an interview with Mark Davis, a student adviser, who is talking about exam anxiety. For questions 1–7, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 1 Mark says that A people feel anxiety only before an exam. B some people are more likely to suffer from exam anxiety. C ‘mind freeze’ is the worst form of exam anxiety. 2 What does Mark say about the two types of exam anxiety? A People who experience high anxiety can remain focused in class. B Low anxiety always affects students’ performance in class. C People who experience low anxiety feel a bit stressed before an exam. 3 Can exam anxiety be useful for students? A No, because it affects their performance negatively. B Yes, because they feel that they must protect themselves from a threat. C Yes, because it improves how they respond to a threat. 4 What is the impact of high anxiety on performance? A Performance gets better when anxiety increases. B Performance isn’t affected at all. C Performance gets worse when anxiety increases. 5 How can students deal with exam anxiety? A make sure they don’t oversleep B find ways to look after themselves C reduce relaxation time before an exam 6 What does Mark say about relaxation training? A It helps students visualise their future. B It doesn’t always improve study skills. C It teaches students practical relaxation techniques. 7 What is one of Mark’s final tips for coping with anxiety? A identify what causes your anxiety B think positively C focus on your study skills 108

Writing 1 Read the writing task and answer the questions. Faulty tablet 1 What do you have to write? An email of complaint. Ystoourere. cHeonwtleyveorr,dtehreedtaablteatbwleatsfrfoaumltay,naenldecytorounics 2 Which points should you include? couldn’t use it. On top of that, it was delivered a week later than had been promised. 109 3 How are you going to start your email? aWbroituetawnheamt haialptpoetnheedea-sntdorseugmgaensatignegrwcohmatpyloauining think should be done. Write 140–190 words in an appropriate style. 2 Read the sentences. Mark I if they state an issue or C if they suggest a course of action. 1 The touchscreen 4 The tablet was is unresponsive. delivered a week I later than expected. 2 I believe the tablet 5 It overheats and stops should be repaired functioning after free of charge. a little while. 3 I insist that 6 I would be grateful a partial refund if you could replace should be given. it with a new tablet. 3 Complete the paragraph plan and then write your email. Writing Greeting: Dear Sir or Madam, Paragraph 1: State the reason for writing. Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Give details about the problem. Paragraph 4: Sign off:

Practice 10 1 You are going to read an article about classroom distractions. For questions 1–10, choose from the four sections (A–D). The sections may be chosen more than once. Classroom up the mess or throwing away litter during distractions class time can be an added distraction from the lesson. And, let’s not forget that when A students eat in class, they can eat the wrong types of food such as crisps, biscuits, chocolate Classroom distractions come in various forms; bars, etc. According to research, unhealthy some are more distracting for the students food may provide an initial boost of energy and some are more distracting for the teacher. but can result in a sudden decrease in energy Devices like smartphones, tablets and laptops levels later on. are very big distractions. Students can be easily distracted by a notification or a text message, C which takes them away from the lesson to focus on texting a friend back or reaching Teachers expect students to not be late that next level in their favourite game. Lack for class, and with good reason. However, of eye contact from students and noises from unexpected things happen to make students these devices take the teacher’s attention late, like traffic on the way to school or talking away from what they are teaching. In an ideal to a teacher at the end of the previous lesson. world, every student would have his or her own Walking into a class late is another distraction mobile device that synchronised information that interrupts the teacher’s lesson. Students between school and home. Mobile technology may even engage and talk with the latecomer. can and does make a positive difference in how When students are late, they negatively impact students learn. However, competent, engaged their teachers, who have to restart the lesson teachers are more necessary than ever in the or dedicate time to help the student catch ‘information age’, and there needs to be a up. It doesn’t come as a surprise to learn balance between the advantages of mobile that students who are routinely late have education and good teaching practices. lower scores on standardised tests and lower graduation results. These students tend to feel B disconnected from school, and they are more likely to consider dropping out. They are also Typically, students shouldn’t eat during class, more likely to be fired from a job for showing but if, for whatever reason, they do, it can be a up late. huge distraction. For example, when students eat in class, it can bring unnecessary sounds D and smells into the room that distract both students and teachers. Food also brings the A great way to keep students engaged in a problem of leftover rubbish and mess. Cleaning lesson is by introducing activities that will hold their attention. Whether they are group activities, worksheets or interactive games, in-class activities must help students learn the material more effectively. However, doing such activities usually requires students to move seats or take out their devices, and as a result, unnecessary classroom distractions happen. Teachers need to be able to identify where these distractions will come from so that they can find suitable solutions to eliminate them. 110

Which section 1 talks about students’ poor performance at school 2 suggests that teachers should be prepared to deal with distractions 3 mentions disadvantages of using technology in education 4 connects a problem in adult life with habits formed while in school 5 suggests that snacking creates classroom distractions 6 mentions a distraction from outside the classroom 7 describes an untidy classroom 8 stresses the importance of good teachers 9 mentions distractions that affect the senses 10 explains why teachers have to repeat part of the lesson 2 Read and choose the correct answers. The advantages of e-learning Today’s learners want relevant, mobile, self-paced and personalised content. This need is fulfilled with online learning. Students who study online are (1) learners. They can plan their own schedule without having to worry about the class (2) requirements of traditional schools. Self-paced learning leads to reduced stress, resulting in improved (3) . Learning time is (4) by 25 to 50% because learners are able to study at their own speed rather than have to wait for the whole class. E-learning takes into consideration the differences between (5) learners. E-learning materials are designed to automatically adapt according to the knowledge, (6) and needs of each student. Online learning is student-centred and promotes student-to-student interaction. There are no (7) subjects. Students can choose specific topics of interest to them. Finally, online learning is environmentally friendly because distance learning (8) consume 90% less energy and are entirely paperless. 1 A individual B optional C compulsory D independent 2 A attendance B absence C engagement D presence 3 A performance B progress C education D knowledge 4 A increased B developed C changed D reduced 5 A informative B optional C conventional D individual 6 A courses B methods C skills D conditions 7 A regular B genuine C optional D compulsory 8 A types B courses C styles D benefits Practice 10 111

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