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2 People Of The World1 Can you match the art with the people of the ancient world? the Aztecs the Chinese the Egyptians the Greeks the Vikings1 23 452 Which people in 1 are famous for these things? Complete the sentences. 1 The are famous for theatre, art and philosophy. 2 The are famous for longships, skis and combs. 3 The are famous for paper, printing and umbrellas. 4 The are famous for calendars, popcorn and chocolate. 5 The are famous for pyramids, papyrus and hieroglyphics. DVD 2 Watch this short video about the Aztecs and the Spanish. Which things did the Aztecs haveand which things did the Spanish bring? Write A or S.• chocolate • vanilla • canons • diseases • pyramids • horses 17

Reading 1 What do you know about the Aztecs? Work with a partner and answer the questions. 1 In which modern-day country did they live? A Peru B Brazil C Mexico 2 Which European country went there and ended the Aztec empire? A France B Spain C England 3 What food did the Aztecs use as money? A salt B nuts C cacao beans 4 How many days were there in the Aztec calendar? A 365 B 285 C 360 2 W hat kind of homes do you think the poor people lived in? Read the article about the Aztecs and find out. The Aztecs: Daily Life Family Life Family was important to the Aztecs. The husband worked outside the home as a farmer, soldier, or craftsman. The wife, who worked at home, cooked food for the family and made their clothes. The children went to school and helped in the house. What type of homes did they live in? The emperor lived in a large palace which had many rooms and gardens. All of the rich people had a room that was like a sauna, and they washed in there. Bathing was an important part of the Aztec daily life. Poor people used to live in small huts with one or two rooms. When they were building the huts, they made the roofs with the leaves of palm trees. They had gardens near their homes and they grew vegetables and flowers there. Inside the house, there were four main areas for sleeping, cooking, eating and worshipping the gods. What did the Aztecs wear for clothes? The Aztec men wore long capes. The women wore long skirts and blouses. There used to be laws about the decorations and the colour of clothes that people could wear. For example, only the rich could wear clothes with feather decorations and only the emperor could wear a turquoise-coloured cloak.18

To understand if a statement is right or wrong, 3 R ead the article again. Are sentences 1-6 you must be able to understand the main ideas and some details in a text. You can underline ‘Right’ (A) or ‘Wrong’ (B)? If there is not enough this information as you read the text or you can read the statement then look for and underline information to answer ‘Right’ (A) or ‘Wrong’ (B), the answer. choose ‘Doesn’t say’ (C).What did they eat?The Aztecs ate three main foods – maize, beans and 1 The children helped to make the clothes.pumpkins. They also ate insects, fish, honey, dogs A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t sayand snakes. The food they liked the most was thecacao bean. They used it to make chocolate. 2 The emperor had a big home.Games A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t sayThe Aztecs enjoyed games. One of the most popularwas Ullamalitzli. This was a game that they played 3 Poor families ate food from their gardens.with a rubber ball on a court. The players passed the A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t sayball with only their hips, shoulders, heads and knees. 4 Their favourite foods were maize, beans and pumpkins. A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say 5 Ullamalitzli players used their hands and feet to pass the rubber ball. A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say 6 The Aztecs sometimes killed people who wore the wrong clothes. A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say 4 W ho are these people? Find the words in the text and then use write them next to the correct definitions. craftsman emperor god husband soldier wife 1 : a man who is married 2  : someone who belongs to an army 3  : someone who makes things with his hands 4 : a woman who is married 5 : a man who rules an empire 6  : a spirit that has special powers and controls the world 5 Imagine you are one of the rulers below. Make some laws for your people. The laws can be about anything you like. • King Leonidas of Sparta • Queen Cleopatra of Egypt • Emperor Montezuma of the Aztecs • Empress Wu Zetian of China Did you know?••tT•chTmhTlheoheeetAehmwpziAontbuezrgentdcreilsswacchhwosomofrrwedtcehsoan‘pcelstahefoftocaoeftcmrtecoebdoilnlarymtetd.hlae’e.eksaioftnrhlgod.mear UNIT 2 19

a-z Vocabulary 1 1 W ork with a partner. Write the names of these colours in your language. The pair with the most correct answers wins. black blue brown gold green grey orange pink purple red turquoise white yellow 2 What do the words in bold used with the colours mean? 1 Your bright yellow hat is hurting my eyes! 3 He is wearing dark brown shoes with orange socks! 2 She wore a light blue T-shirt and jeans to the concert . 4 Grandma wears pale pink lipstick every day. 3 Read about Viking clothes and label the pictures 1 with the words in bold. What did the Vikings wear? 2 5 3 6 The Vikings wore clothes that 4 7 they made from wool and they 8 used plants to give their clothes 9 11 colour. They killed animals and 12 made leather with the animal 10 13 skins. Then they used the leather to make shoes, boots, belts and purses. Viking men wore a long shirt with a belt around it. They used the belts to carry a leather purse or a knife. Their trousers were long and they also wore cloaks. They had long hair and moustaches with beards. They wore caps on their heads. Viking women wore two long dresses – a shorter dress over a longer dress. They covered their long hair with a scarf. Viking women liked jewellery. They wore gold and silver brooches, bracelets and rings. The many beautiful designs show that the Viking craftsmen were very good. 4 Are these words clothes, accessories or pieces of jewellery? Write C, A or J. What are the words in 3? • coat • earrings • gloves • jacket • jumper • skirt • suit • necklace • tights • watch 20

Grammar 1 Past simple, past continuous & used to1 Read about the uses of the past simple, the past continuous and used to. Past simple • something that started and finished in the past, often with a definite time expression They moved to Canada two years ago. • things that we did regularly in the past We learnt about the people of different countries in history last year. • things that happened one after the other in the past Joe took off his jacket, sat at his desk and opened the letter. Past continuous • to talk about an action that was in progress at a particular time in the past Mum was washing my new dress at ten o’clock last night. • to talk about two or more actions happening at the same time in the past I was reading about the Aztecs while Kim was planning our holiday to South America. • to talk about an action that was in progress in the past that was interrupted by another action I was putting on my scarf when the telephone rang. • to set the scene in a story It was a horrible grey day. The wind was blowing and it was raining. Used to • for past habits and things that we did regularly in the past My cousin used to come to Greece every summer. • situations or states that were true in the past, but are not true now Susie used to like bright colours, but now she wears grey all the time.2 W hich of the following can we use to talk about something that we did regularly in the past? past simple past continuous used toRead 2.1-2.3 of the Grammar Reference before you do the tasks.3 Complete the sentences with these verbs. Use the past simple. drink finish give leave make not remember watch 1 The craftsman a beautiful silver necklace for his daughter. 2 (the Aztecs) hot chocolate and cold chocolate? 3 Jennifer is upset because her husband her birthday. 4 (you) the documentary about the Vikings last night? 5 I my history test, it to my teacher and the classroom.4 C omplete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the past continuous. 1 We (show) the exchange students around the city when the storm started. 2 What (David / do) while his pen friend (take) photos? 3 4 The tourists (you / read) about the Chinese last night? 5 He (look) around the Egyptian Museum for hours yesterday. (not wear) a dark grey suit this morning; I’m sure it was black.5 C omplete the sentences with the correct form of used to and a suitable verb. 1 When I was younger, I chocolate every day, but I don’t like it any more. 2 Belinda skirts, but now she only wears jeans. 3 Susan the colour orange, but she loves it now. 4 I any jewellery, but now I’ve got lots. (you) your pen friend an email every week? 5 UNIT 2 21

a-z Vocabulary 2 Word Formation Adjective Adverb 1 Complete the table. traditionally 1 disgustingly Noun disgusting greedily tradition 3 4 2 extreme greed incredible 5 - happy happily - 6 2 Now complete these tips for visitors to other countries with some of the words from 1. 1 In Russia, don’t give red carnations to a friend. , they are connected with death. 2 In Egypt, don’t put salt on your food – it means that you think the food tastes ! 3 In Venezuela, arrive 10 to 15 minutes late for a meal or they will think you are . 4 In Japan, it is rude to use the end of the chopsticks that touches your mouth to take food from a shared plate. 5 In Greece, a pomegranate is a symbol of and this fruit will bring people good luck. Phrasal Verbs 3 C ircle the correct words. 1 In Arab countries, women must put on / put up something to cover their heads. 2 When you visit a Japanese home, you must take in / take off your shoes. 3 In Argentina, it is rude for people to get along / get up from the table during dinner. 4 When a teacher walks into the classroom in China, all the students stand out / stand up. 5 Every November, families in America sit down / sit up for a traditional Thanksgiving meal. 6 In India, Africa and the Middle East, people pick on / pick up food with their hands when they eat. 4 Now match the phrasal verbs you didn’t use in 3 with the meanings below and then write a sentence using each one in your notebook. 1 be in a chair with your back straight 2 be unkind to someone often 3 make your clothes smaller because they are too big 4 fix to a wall, like a poster or a painting 5 be very noticeable 6 have a good relationship with someone Prepositions 5 Complete the sentences with these words. for from in in of of on to 1 Because the pollution in Beijing, 5 Our tour of Asia was good, apart a problem in Thailand. many people become sick. 2 We were alone at the temple except 6 Instead visiting England again, a few American tourists. I decided to go to Scotland. 3 According an Egyptian myth, Osiris 7 Modica is a very beautiful town top of a hill in Sicily. was the god of the underworld. 4  addition to dangerous snakes, 8 In Paris, we stood front of the Eiffel Tower and took photos. Australia has deadly spiders!22

Grammar 2 Relative clauses1 Read about relative clauses. Relative clauses give us more information about the subject or the object of a sentence. They are introducedby the following relative pronouns: • w ho/that for people. • whose for possession. That’s the girl who/that left her ring on The tourist whose pen I borrowed wasthe table. very friendly. • which/that for animals and things. • where for places. The shoes which/that he bought were I’m sure this is the place where Janet leftbright green! her gloves. Defining relative clauses We use defining relative clauses to give information that is essential to the meaning of the main clause. That’s the coat which Sue is going to wear. (The sentence would not make sense if we left out which Sue is going to wear.)2 That can be used instead of two relative pronouns. Which are they? and Read 2.4-2.5 of the Grammar Reference before you do the tasks.3 Match a that wrote Romeo and Juliet was William Shakespeare. b which is the largest in Egypt is the Great Pyramid of Giza. 1 Athens is the city c where visitors can see the Acropolis. 2 Socrates was the Greek philosopher d whose name is Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. 3 The man e who taught Alexander the Great. 4 This well-known artist 5 The Egyptian pyramid4 Complete the sentences with where, which, who, or whose. 1 This is the belt Peter brought back from Brazil. 2 Do you know the name of the person took your purse? 3 The woman brooch I found was very happy. 4 My best friend gave me a bracelet was hand-made in Egypt. 5 Elena is going to visit the village her grandad was born. 6 I think people travel to different countries are very lucky. 7 This is the place the craftsman works. 8 Please pick up my silver earrings fell on the floor. 9 The Chinese language is very difficult according to my friend has tried to learn it. 10 That’s the girl mother writes about Italian traditions.5 Which sentences in 4 could use that instead of the relative pronoun? UNIT 2 23

Listening a the middle of the day (12 pm) 1 M atch the words in bold to their meanings. b a ball game played by two teams of seven players, usually women 1 I always had a siesta after lunch when I lived in Italy. 2 Lots of teenagers in Britain deliver newspapers c a short sleep usually during the day as a part-time job. d money which parents give to their children 3 Don’t make a noise because the baby is taking a nap. 4 English girls learn to play netball at school. e a job where someone only works for a few 5 How much pocket money do American children hours of the day or week get each week? f a short sleep or rest which you have in the 6 In some countries, people eat their main meal early afternoon especially in a hot country at midday. 2 When you listen to a conversation between two people, try to understand and remember who says what. Look at questions 1-5 in 3 below. Which speaker do you think will give the information you need to answer the questions? Write C for Cathy, M for Maria and B for both. 1 2 3 4 5 3  Listen to a conversation between Cathy and her Spanish pen friend Maria who is visiting her. For each question, choose the right answer (A, B or C). 1 Why did Maria go to England? A to go to a party with Cathy B to talk to Cathy C because Cathy asked her to 2 Spanish people Carefully read the questions and the A usually have a rest after their midday meal. answer options before you hear the B have tea after lunch. recording. Think about what each C only take siestas in summer. question is about so you know what to listen for. If you can’t decide on 3 What does Cathy not do after school? an answer, don’t get stuck on that A go to her part-time job question because you will miss the B have extra lessons next question. When you listen to the C have netball training recording the second time, check your answers and answer any questions 4 In addition to her pocket money, Maria often gets money that you missed. A for cooking lunch. B from her part-time job. C from her grandparents. 5 What is a tradition in both girls’ families? A getting ready for a party B having Sunday lunch together C taking a siesta24

Speaking1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. • Are you interested in how people around the world live? • Would you like to learn about the way of life of a specific country? Which one? • Do you read books or watch films about young people from other countries? Why?/Why not? 2 Use the Language Bank to help you complete these sentences whichdescribe Photographs A and B in 3. Then number them so that they arein the correct order. When you compare two  , there are only a few students. Their teacher is photographs, you should sitting with them and they’re talking about what’s on the computer screen. begin by giving a brief , I can see two different classrooms. description of both pictures. Then you should briefly The students are wearing a uniform . describe each picture and  , there are lots of students. They’re sitting at talk about what the two their desks and looking at their teacher. Their teacher is writing on the board. pictures have in common and how they are different.3 Work in pairs to answer the questions about the photographs. One of you will be Student A and the other will be Student B. Use the words and phrases in the Language Bank to help you.ABStudent A: C ompare the two photographs. How important is it for children all over the world to receive a good education?Student B: Which classroom is similar to yours?CDStudent B: C ompare the two photographs. What are the advantages and disadvantages of wearing traditional clothes?Student A: Do you ever wear traditional clothes?4 W ork in pairs to discuss these questions. Describing photographs In these pictures, I can see ... • Do you know any traditions from other countries Both pictures show ... around the world? What are they? In the first picture, there is/are ... In the second picture, there is/are ... • Do you think traditions are important? He’s/She’s/It’s ... Why?/Why not? They’re ... (I can see) ... in both pictures. • Which do you think is the most important tradition In the first picture, ..., but in the second picture, .... of your country? UNIT 2 25

WritingArticle: Organising your ideasA good article is easy for the reader to follow, so you needto make sure that your article is well organised. Think of atitle for your article, then write four paragraphs:• O pening paragraph: Introduce the topic of your article in an interesting way so the reader wants to keep reading.• Paragraph 2: Write about one main idea.• Paragraph 3: Write about another main idea.• C onclusion: End your article by giving the reader something to think about.1 R ead these paragraphs from an article about history and label them using the words below. Can you think of a good title for the article? conclusion opening paragraph main idea 1 main idea 2 1 Fbsppieerocsoatkplmeyle,neswitnwuhhdmoaeaitnnnttvyshaecLdyaaentdairnlteehAatoromsndeeahrcyoioc.wauFnnodtrcirfoefieexusranesmtnrptipoeclkseoe,buSSenpcptaraainuenississehht.ihse 2 bbSauottmtliete’sssamtunuddcehnnatmms otehrseinotkfhakhininstgleosaryarnnisidnbgqoudreainetgne,ss.of 3 4 Shmoisi,gtothhrtyelelneaesrxsntosntoi,mmpeaeytyhoaiuntt’gveenintgtiooernte.asYtoinug! tUcHhuniassintttooekrmdsysfSoa.trlaDsttoiehdsheyesfolotpuaosrdktuentsdohwueinnytdh1heaa6rtd2stt1iahn?netdThThedheiairfnfPenkirelsegwgnriitvcmiotnsruganwdhtairotnyilo.tidenadsyatoinndgtihvee2 Read this writing task and answer the questions.You have seen this announcement in a magazine for teenagers:We are trying to find the most interesting cultures 1 What age are the readers? in the world. Do you know about an interesting orunusual culture? 2 What kind of culture do you have to describe? Write us an article describing the people and how 3 As well as describing the people, what else dothey live. We will publish the best articles next month. you have to describe? Write your article. (100-150 words)3 Look at the opening paragraphs that were written in answer to the question in 2. Which one is better? Why? Tick (√) a or b.a The Inuit of Canada You probably know them as ‘Eskimos’, but this amazing culture prefers the name ‘Inuit’, which means ‘the people’ in their native language Inuktitut. b The Inuit of Canada The Inuit of Canada is an amazing culture. Their native language is Inuktitut.26

4 Now read the rest of the article and answer the questions below it. The Inuit live in Northern Canada, which is a very cold and difficult place to live in. They have houses now, but their ancestors used to live in igloos and tents. They still fish and hunt for food, and they have a lot of respect for the environment. Inuit life today is a combination of traditional and modern living. They speak Inuktitut, which is taught in school and is used on the radio and on TV. The family is still the heart of the Inuit community, and the children learn the traditional songs, dances and stories. The Inuit show that different cultures can exist in the same country. It is important that cultures like these continue to exist all over the world. 1 Has the writer described the people and how they live? Traditions 2 Has the writer written about one idea in each of the main celebrations customs paragraphs? songs 3 Has the writer given the reader something to think about in the music dancing conclusion? stories traditional5 The first sentence of each main paragraph should state the topic People for the reader clearly. Underline the topic sentences in the main ancestors paragraphs in the article in 4. community country6 N ow go back to 1 and read the main paragraphs again. Do they native (language) have topic sentences? Underline them. Giving examples For example, …7 R ead this writing task. Then use the plan and the Language such as ... Bank to help you write your article. When you have finished your Linking words article, check your work carefully. Firstly, First of all You have seen this announcement in an international magazine: also as well We want to find out about cultures around the world. What’s special about your culture? Adjectives W rite us an article describing daily life and traditions in amazing your country. We will publish the best articles next month. fantastic interesting unusual Write your article. (100-150 words) Plan Think of a title and introduce the topic in an interesting way. Write about one main Title idea in each of the main paragraphs and Paragraph 1: Introduce the topic of your article. remember to write topic sentences. Don’t Paragraph 2: Write about one main idea. forget to give the reader something to Paragraph 3: Write about another main idea. think about in the conclusion. Paragraph 4: Give the reader something to think about. UNIT 2 27

2 Reload Vocabulary Grammar Choose the correct answers. Choose the correct answers. 1 Lucia chose a necklace because she couldn’t 1 ‘Did Jake finish his essay about the Romans in time?’ decide between blue and green. ‘Yes, he it to the teacher this morning.’ a didn’t give a purple b was giving b turquoise c gave c grey 2 Minnie likes to wear long , but we often can’t 2 ‘Did you see Kate’s coat yesterday?’ see them under her long hair. ‘No, she a coat when I saw her at lunchtime.’ a wasn’t wearing a earrings b didn’t wear b bracelets c used to wear c brooches 3 James has studied all of the world’s ancient 3 That’s the town we saw the Spanish costume peoples from the Egyptians. exhibition. a apart a where b except b which c instead c that 4 Iused to think Chinese food was , but now I 4 Thousands of people the new culture museum love it. on its first day. a traditional a visited b greedy b were visiting c disgusting c used to visit 5 Children, come inside and off your coats 5 Maddie very bright jewellery, but now she uses and hats. paler colours. a put a used to design b get b was designing c take c designed 6 Her dress was a very colour; it almost 6 ‘Nick’s wardrobe is full of smart suits these days.’ looked white. ‘Really? He only jeans when I knew him.’ a used to have a pale b was having b dark c did have c bright 7 Wear these or your hands will be freezing cold. 7 Geoff and Lucy in Peru when Geoff became ill. a gloves a travelled b rings b were travelling c tights c was travelling 8 The Aztecs ate insects according the TV 8 The boy stole my red scarf is standing next to programme I saw last night. those girls over there. a which a in b whose b for c who c to 9 Mark was happy that he won the trip to Rome. 9 The Vikings clothes from animal skins. a greedily a used to made b extremely b used to make c luckily c were making 10 Ifeel sorry for Nadine, because all the other girls 10 ‘What was the man carrying when he into your her. shop?’ ‘A black jacket.’ a pick on b put on a was coming c pick up b come c came28

1 Progress ReviewVocabulary1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words given. 1 Grandma thinks the most important thing in life is . HAPPY 2 I am reading a very book about strange customs around the world. INTEREST 3 On Valentine’s Day, women often give men chocolate. JAPAN 4 Martin can draw and paint beautiful pictures; he’s a very person. CREATE 5 Some children don’t enjoy their school holidays because they become . BOREDOM 6 When we were in Italy, we ate a lot of food; it was fantastic! TRADITION 7 I want to visit a island in the summer and spend every day at the beach. GREECE 8 It is cold in Russia in the winter, so I don’t want to go there. EXTREME2 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. 1 According this book, left-handed people are artistic. 2 Apart paper and printing, what else did the Chinese invent? 3 I sing and dance very well, but I’m bad maths. 4 ‘Are you excited your trip to Egypt?’ ‘Of course I am!’ 5 There is a nasty boy at school who always picks me. 6 When you have a pet, you are responsible it. 7 The students stood when the teacher entered the classroom. 8 When my dad returned from work, he took his coat.3 Circle the correct words. 1 Uncle Jim can fix things. He’s very logical / practical. 2 I love my new bed! It’s so hard / soft and warm! 3 My neighbour is very poor / rich; he owns a Ferrari! 4 I watched a great film last night. It was amazing / normal. 5 Sally put some money in her belt / purse and went to the shops. 6 It’s cold outside, so wear a cap / scarf around your neck. 7 I can show you how to draw; it’s very difficult / easy. 8 Jack was waiting for us in front of / on top of the school.4 Choose the correct answers. 1 Can you me a favour, Mike? a do b have c make 2 Don’t from the table during lunch. a put up b get up c sit up 3 My father wears a to work every day. a skirt b dress c suit 4 My grandmother has a lovely on her dress. a bracelet b brooch c necklace 5 That yellow colour is hurting my eyes! a bright b dark c pale 6 We stayed at home on Saturday the rain. a instead of b except for c because of 7 The children put on their hands and played in the snow. a gloves b tights c trousers 8 I a mistake; two and two is four, not five. a did b got c made Progress Review 1 29

1 Progress Review Grammar 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 1 The students are in the classroom. about the Vikings? (they / learn) 2 My puppy is very cute. It a sweet face and big brown eyes. (have) 3 My parents and I my grandparents at the weekend. (not visit) 4 I my pen friend from England for the first time tomorrow. (meet) 5 Hurry up! The film at six o’clock and you are not ready! (start) 6 My parents are doctors. They in a large hospital in the city centre. (work) 7 I don’t like the weather in this country. It a lot and it’s cold. (rain) 8 Claude, my cousin from France, at my house this week. (not stay) 2 Circle the correct words. 1 It’s my birthday next week, but I don’t have / am not having a party; I go / am going to the cinema with my friends. 2 They think / are thinking of becoming doctors because they like / are liking helping people. 3 She doesn’t understand / isn’t understanding the question, so she asks / is asking her friend to explain. 4 Poor Sally. She looks / is looking very sad and she cries / is crying. Do you know why? 5 I write / am writing an email in English to my pen friend, but I need / am needing some help. 6 This dress is beautiful, but it costs / is costing a lot and I don’t have / am not having much money. 7 Hey! What do you do / are you doing? That’s my dog. He belongs / is belonging to me! 8 This cake smells / is smelling fantastic! Do you want / Are you wanting a piece, Bob? 3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple or the past continuous. 1 Jack a history documentary at nine o’clock last night. (watch) 2 to the Greek islands two years ago? (you / go) 3 Lucy her mother in the kitchen when I called her. (not help) 4 When I was young, I to many countries with my parents. (travel) 5 music while Helen was trying to study for a test? (Tim / play) 6 Mary heard a noise, became scared and under her bed! (hide) 7 It was a lovely day. The sun and the birds were singing. (shine) 8 I that the Chinese invented paper and umbrellas. (not know) 4 C omplete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 She didn’t play chess in the past, but she does now. to She chess, but she does now. 2 I bought my new jacket at that shop. where That’s the shop my new jacket. 3 Harry lived on a farm when he was a baby. live Harry on a farm when he was a baby. 4 Jamie’s mother works at our school. whose Jamie is the boy at our school. 5 Maria, did you go to school in London? did Maria, to go to school in London? 6 I watched a very funny film last night. which The film last night was very funny.30

10 Music1 L ook at the picture. What kind of music do you think she is listening to? Choose from the list below. Bollywood classical country dance heavy metal hip hop jazz opera pop punk rap reggae rock 2 What’s your favourite kind of music? Why?DVD 10 Watch this short video of different kinds of music. Put them in the order you hear them.• classical • country • dance • hip hop • jazz • opera • pop • rap • reggae • rock 121

Reading 1 O ne of the following statements about music is not true. Which one do you think it is? Music can ... • make you sing better. • help you to run faster. • reduce stress. • make you feel less pain. • make you sleep. • help you to eat less. 2 Which kind of music do you think can help you to study better? Read the text quickly and check your answer. for the mind Listen to music, play music ... and improve your life! It’s true. Music is more than just pleasant songs and tunes. Scientific research has shown that it can affect our lives in ways that will surprise you. Read on to find out more about the amazing power of music. Let’s start with your brain power. There’s a lot of scientific evidence to show that playing a musical instrument can make you smarter. That’s because when you practise an instrument, your brain develops; it becomes ‘fitter’, the same way an athlete becomes fitter when they train. But you don’t need to be a musician to enjoy the benefits of music. Just by Jenny Hammond listening to music can also be good for the brain. Classical music, in particular, can improve memory. It does this by activating the left and right brain at the same time, which helps you to learn and to remember information better. The music you like also says a lot about your personality. That’s because different personality types are attracted to different music. Here is what tests have shown about some different music fans. Rap fans: confident and outgoing Bollywood fans: imaginative and outgoing Dance music fans: imaginative and outgoing, but not very gentle Classical music fans: confident, imaginative, shy and relaxed Punk fans: confident and outgoing, but not very relaxed Pop music fans: confident, hardworking, outgoing and gentle, but not very imaginative or relaxed Rock music fans: imaginative, gentle and relaxed, but not very hardworking, outgoing or confident To see if the information about music and personality is accurate, I interviewed Alex Perry, singer with the band Punky Monkey.122

3 C omplete the conversation. What does Alex say to Jenny? For questions When you have to complete the gaps in a 1-6, choose the correct letter A-H. There are two extra letters you do conversation, try every not need to use. option in the gap before you choose your answer. A Well, it’s strange because I’m not like that. I’m actually quite shy. Do this for every gap. It will B It’s been my pleasure. help you to make sure you C I’d say it was the energy of the music that first interested me. have the correct answers. D Yes, it’s very attractive. When you have finished E Perhaps some of them aren’t, but I’m pretty calm. completing the gaps, look F I used to be, but I’m not now. at the options you didn’t G Yes, it was. You’re absolutely right. use and make sure they do H Yes, but I’m a different person when I perform! not fit anywhere.4 Complete the word groups with these words from the article. gentle hardworking imaginative outgoing 1 artistic creative 2 busy keen 3 friendly open 4 calm kind 5 Joke time! What kind of songs do planets sing? Do you know the answer? Hint: Look at the picture and in the text.Jenny: Alex, you’re a member of a punk band. That’s unusual in the 21st century. I mean, punk was popular in the 1970s.Alex: 1Jenny: So what attracted you to punk music?Alex: 2Jenny: It certainly is fast and full of life! I recently read that people who like punk music are confident and outgoing.Alex: 3Jenny: Really? I find that hard to believe. You look very confident on stage!Alex: 4Jenny: You sure are! I also read that punk music fans are not very relaxed.Alex: 5Jenny: Well, thanks for the interview, Alex.Alex: 6Jenny: And good luck with your new album. UNIT 10 123

a-z Vocabulary 11 Label the pictures with these words. cassette player mini disc player MP3 player phonograph record player Walkman 12 3 4 562 Circle the correct words. Fun facts about music In recent years, a lot of research has been done about the effects of music and the results are very interesting. Did you know that you get some of your musical 1 taste / opinion from your parents? Most teenagers would disagree, but in fact, the music we 2 hear / listen in our homes as we are growing up has a big influence on us later in life. Also, the singers and 3 gangs / groups that are your favourites between the ages of 16 and 21, will probably still be your favourites when you are older. Have you ever had that annoying experience when a song gets stuck in your 4 ear / head and you can’t make it go away? Well, that happens more often to people who are music fans than to people who aren’t crazy about it. Be careful with your money! Love 5 music / songs can make you spend more in flower shops. Classical, jazz and pop music can make you spend more money in restaurants. Finally, music can affect the way you see the world and the words, or 6 lyrics / notes, in songs can influence your behaviour, so be careful what you listen to!3 Complete the sentences with the words. connect delete download produce record sound store upload How the way we listen to music has changed In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph. It was a device that could 1 and play music. However, the quality was bad, so the music didn’t 2 very good. Years later, flat round disks that we call records were invented. They were made out of plastic and it was possible to 3 many of them. However, they could break and be scratched easily. For a while, cassettes and cassette players were popular, especially the personal ones like the Sony Walkman, but when CDs and CD players became available, people stopped using cassettes. Mini disk players became available in 1992. It was the first time you could 4 the songs you didn’t want. In 2001, it was possible for the first time to 5 songs digitally onto MP3 players. You could also 6 hundreds of them on the device. Compared to a typical vinyl record that could hold about 45 minutes of music, this was incredible. In 2007, the iPod Touch became the first music device that could 7 to the Internet. People were able to pay for and 8 tunes online from the iTunes Store. What’s in the future? How do you think technology will change the way we listen to and enjoy music?124

Grammar 1 The passive: present simple & past simple1 Read about the passive. Use Agent We use the passive voice when we want to • In a passive sentence, we sometimes want to mentionfocus on the action and not the person who the agent. To do this, we use by + name/noun/does it (the agent). We usually do not know pronoun. We only mention the agent when we knowor are not interested in who does the action, who does the action we are talking about, and onlyor it is obvious who does the action. The when it adds new or important information.main focus is on the action itself. The lyrics were written by Samantha Stevens. This MP3 player was found in the cafeteria. Active and passive sentences Form When we change an active sentence into a passive • We form the passive voice with the sentence:appropriate tense of the verb to be and • the object of the active sentence becomes the subjectthe past participle of the main verb. We of the passive sentence.form the present simple passive with am, My brother deleted my playlist last week. ➝are or is and the past participle and we My playlist was deleted by my brother last week.form the past simple passive with was or • we use the appropriate tense of the verb to be andwere and the past participle. the past participle of the verb in the active sentence. Pop music is played on the radio. My brother deleted my playlist last week. ➝ The group was formed in 2012. My playlist was deleted by my brother last week.2 L ook at these sentences. Underline the verb in the active sentence and circle the past participle of that verb in the passive sentence. Why does the passive sentence use are? Active sentence: Music affects people. Passive sentence: People are affected by music. Read 10.1 of the Grammar Reference before you do the task.3 Complete the passive sentences. 1 People all over the world watch the MTV awards. The MTV awards by people all over the world. 2 They recorded Justin Beiber’s latest CD in New York. Justin Beiber’s latest CD in New York. 3 Lots of people listen to love songs. Love songs to by lots of people. 4 They teach music in most schools in this country. Music in most schools in this country. 5 She gave me this disc player years ago. This disc player to me years ago. 6 He stores hundreds of songs on his mobile phone. Hundreds of songs on his mobile phone. 7 The music students learn traditional songs. Traditional songs by the music students. 8 Thomas Edison invented the phonogram. The phonogram by Thomas Edison. 9 She put Grandad’s old record player in a box. Grandad’s old record player in a box. 10 George uploaded these video clips. by George. These video clips UNIT 10 125

a-z Vocabulary 2Word Formation noun (thing) noun (person)1 Complete the table. assistance 1 beginning 2 verb journal 3 assist music 4 begin performer - 5 6 - - perform play2 Complete the sentences with some of the words from 1. 1 I’m not a fan of boy bands like One Direction. I prefer groups and singers who write and play their own music. I think they’re real . 2 We’ve got a drummer and a singer, but we need a guitar too for our band. 3 Famous stars don’t make their own appointments; they have who do it for them. 4 Everyone agreed that the opera singer gave a wonderful last night. 5 A from a famous music magazine interviewed the band before the concert began. 6 I’ve been playing the piano for a few months, so I’m still a and I can’t play very well yet.Phrasal Verbs 4 C omplete the sentences with the correct form of the3 M atch the phrasal verbs to their phrasal verbs in 3. meanings. 1 plug in 5 turn up 1 Quick! Phone Radio One – they’re . free 2 sell out 6 give away concert tickets right now! the 3 bring down 7 let in 4 check out 8 pick out 2 I don’t like listening to sad songs because they me a not accept money for something 3 Let’s look at all of our CDs and songs we will play at the party. b make unhappy 4 I need to charge my phone; where can I c choose the charger? d connect to electricity e increase the volume 5 We can’t hear the music, so please the f allow to enter a place volume. g have no more of something people buy h look at carefully 6 There are no more concert tickets to see U2; they have . 7 They won’t anyone who is under the age of 18. 8 Yesterday I that new music website you told me about; it’s great!Collocations & Expressions5 Complete the expressions in bold in the sentences. What do you think the expressions mean? bell music record song tune 1 Jim doesn’t want to go to the party, but when I tell him Mary will be there, he’ll change his . 2 When my sister told me that her ballet concert was cancelled, it was to my ears! 3 I got this amazing guitar for a . Can you believe I paid only 50 euros for it online? 4 Stop telling me to turn down the volume! You sound like a broken ! 5 James Smith? That name rings a ; maybe I read about him in a magazine.126

Grammar 2 The passive: other tenses, modals & be going to1 Read about the passive. Remember that we form the passive voice with the appropriate tense of to be and the past participle of the main verb. We use by + agent if we want to show who does the action. Present continuous Future simple am/are/is being + past participle will be + past participle The piano is being cleaned at the moment. The Eurovision Song Contest will be shown on TV. Past continuous Be going to was/were being + past participle am/are/is going to be+ past participle The students were being taught a new song. Classical music is going to be played at the concert. Present perfect simple have/has been + past participle Modals Steven has been given an electric guitar. can/could/must/should/etc be + past participle Tickets can be bought from most music stores. Past perfect simple had been + past participle The songs had been copied on a CD.2 R ead these sentences and underline the passive verb forms. Which tenses have been used? Why does sentence c use the word by? a The songs have been recorded already. b Concert tickets are being sold online. c The singer will be interviewed by Terry Blake.Read 10.2 of the Grammar Reference before you do the tasks.3 Complete the passive sentences with the correct form of the verbs. 1 Some songs from her iPod. (need to; delete) 2 The concert because of bad weather. (past perfect simple; cancel) 3 The album by the singer at the moment. (present continuous; record) 4 Karen with the work. (future simple; assist) 5 The winners by the judges. (present perfect simple; choose) 6 The video clip to YouTube. (past continuous; upload)4 Complete the text with the correct form of the passive. Lucky guess! The Guess the Year competition 1(win) by Julie Morris and Pamela Stevens from Liverpool. Thegirls correctly guessed the year that Rappers United startedperforming. The girls 2 (alreadygive) tickets to see their favourite group in concert in New YorkCity. They 3 (fly) to New Yorkand they will stay at the Hyatt for three days. The girls arereally excited because they 4(photogragh) with the group before the concert begins. The girlssaid they 5 (take) to see thegroup in 2013 in London and that they couldn’t wait to seethem again. UNIT 10 127

Listening d1 Match the pictures of the musical instruments to their names. a bc e 1 classical guitar g h 2 drums 3 electric guitar f 4 flute 5 piano 6 trumpet 7 violin 8 xylophone 2 S ometimes in this type of task, one or more of the answer choices are mentioned twice. You need to listen carefully to the recording to be able to decide when an item is a correct answer choice and when it is a distractor. Read the conversation between Vicky and her friend Peter about what music her friends like the most. Which type of music is mentioned twice? Underline where you think it is a correct answer choice and circle where you think it is a distractor. Peter: Hi Vicky, I know you like pop music, but what type of music does Julie like? Vicky: Well, she used to like rock, but now she really likes opera. Peter: That’s quite a change! What about Max; what does he like? Vicky: Max sometimes listens to rap, but he loves reggae! Peter: And what music does Gary like? Let me guess ... heavy metal? Vicky: How did you know? Most people think that he likes reggae. Peter: He lives next door!3  Listen to Nick talking to his mum about a school music lesson. Read the instructions carefully and identify the question you What instruments do his classmates play? For questions 1-6, are being asked. Keep it in mind while you are completing write a letter A–H next to each name. the task. Remember that you will often hear the items on NICK’S CLASSMATES INSTRUMENTS THEY PLAY the list of answer choices 1 Bobby A drums twice, so you need to work out 2 James B electric guitar when each item is a correct 3 Lynda C piano answer choice and when it is a 4 Jennifer D trumpet distractor. You can only use an 5 Kevin E flute answer choice once, so cross 6 Maxine F classical guitar out the items one by one after G violin you have used them. H xylophone128

Speaking1 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. • Do you play a musical instrument? If so, which one and how long have you played it? • Should music be taught at all schools? Why?/Why not? • Would you like to have music lessons at your home or at a music school? Why?2 Usually when you answer your partner’s questions, there is one piece of information to give, but sometimes there are two or more. If there is more than one piece of information, you need to make that clear in your answer. Read the questions and complete the answers. Use the Language Bank to help you. Notice how the structure of the answer echoes the question. Then ask and answer the questions with your partner. 1 Which groups are performing? There two groups : Dance Club Rap4U. Rome. 2 Where are they performing? £55. are performing in cities: Athens different prices: £25, £40 3 What price are the tickets? different ways: from a music store are 4 How can I buy tickets? You buy them in online.3 F ollow the instructions and complete the task with your partner. One of you will be Student A and the other will be Student B. Use the words and phrases in the Language Bank to help you. Student A: Look at Card 10A on page 158. It gives you some information about some music lessons. Student B doesn’t know anything about the music lessons. He or she will ask you some questions about them. Use the information to answer the questions. Student B: S tudent A has some information about some music lessons. You don’t know anything about the music lessons, so ask Student A some questions about them. Use the questions on Card 10C on page 162.4 Now swap roles. Student B: L ook at Card 10D on page 162. It gives you some information about a concert. Student A doesn’t know anything about the concert. He or she will ask you some questions about it. Use the information to answer the questions. Student A: Student B has some information about a concert. You don’t know anything about the concert, so ask Student B some questions about it. Use the questions on Card 10B on page 158.5 Work in pairs to discuss these questions. Giving more than one piece of information There are ... and ... • Why do you think music is important in people’s lives? They are ... and ... • Do people in your country like going to concerts? Why?/ You can ... or ... They (cost) ... or ... Why not? Their (names) are ... and ... • What sort of concerts do you enjoy? Why? The (telephone numbers) are ... and ... The (concerts) are ... and ... It’s important to give your partner complete answers to his or her questions. You can usually use the question you have been asked to structure your answer. When there is more than one piece of information to give, make sure you include it all in your answer. UNIT 10 129

WritingStory: Brainstorming ideas usingthe sentenceBefore you start writing a story, youmust come up with a storyline; a planof what is going to happen in yourstory. When you are given a sentenceto begin a story, you can use thatsentence to help you decide on yourstoryline. All you need to do is askyourself questions using these words:Who? Why? Where? When? What?and How?1 Read this opening sentence for a story and match the questions and the answers. Andrew was looking forward to the competition, but he was nervous too. 1 Who is Andrew? a A local talent competition. 2 Why is he nervous? b A young singer in a band. 3 What is the competition? c At the beach. 4 Where is the competition? d Everyone from school is going to be at the competition. 5 When is the competition? e They entered it before the holidays and he and the band practised 6 How did he come to be in all summer. the competition? f The weekend before school starts after the summer holidays.2 Now read an opening sentence for another story and use your imagination to ask and answer questions. Jasmine knew it was wrong to delete the song, but she did it anyway. 1 Who ? 2 Why ? 3 What ? 4 Where ? 5 When ? 6 How ? 3 Read this writing task and ask and answer questions about the opening sentence. You have seen this announcement in an English language magazine for young people: Stories Wanted We are looking for stories for our magazine. Your story must begin with this sentence: When Claire heard the song, she knew what she had to do. Write your story. (100-150 words) 1 Who ? 2 Why ? 3 What ? 4 Where 5 When ? 6 How ? ? 130

4 Read this story that was written in answer to the question in 3. Now look back at the questions and answers you wrote in 3. Are any of your ideas the same as those in the story? When Claire heard the song, she knew what she had to do. The song was still playing on the radio while she ran downstairs. How could she be so stupid? She had forgetten her best friend! ‘Don’t worry, Mum, I’ll be back soon,’ shouted Claire as she opened the front door and jumped on her bike. She rode as fast as she could. The lyrics of the song sounded like a broken record in her head. She had forgotten that her best friend was singing that night! She would never forgive Claire if she didn’t get there in time. Twenty minutes later, Claire arrived at the school, tired but excited. She had made it in time! Just as she opened the door to the gym, she heard ‘And now, singing I’ll be there for you from Friends, please welcome Helen White.’ 5 T he writer uses time expressions so that the reader can follow Time expressions the story. Find and circle six time expressions in the model, after still then answer the questions below. afterwards/later suddenly 1 Which time expression shows that something has not stopped? 2 Which time expressions show that one thing happened at the same as then time as another thing? during when / while 3 Which time expression shows that some time has passed? 4 Which time expression shows that something happened at that just as time? Adjectives to describe feelings 5 Which time expression shows that something happened at that exact angry nervous moment? delighted proud6 T o show how the character in the story (Claire) feels, the writer disappointed scared uses adjectives. This makes the character more like a real person. Find the three adjectives in the story which show how excited tired Claire feels and underline them. Which one is an example of what Claire thinks about herself? happy worried7 R ead this writing task. Then use the plan and the Language Bank Music (pop/rock) songs band/group lyrics to help you write your story. When you have finished your story, musician perform check your work carefully. performer (on) stage singer You have seen this announcement in an international magazine concert for teenagers: performance Stories Wanted Write a story for our magazine. Your story must begin with this sentence: Frank had always loved music, and today was the most important day of his life. Write your story. (100-150 words) Think of a storyline by asking and answering questions about Plan the opening sentence. Use time Paragraph 1: Start with the opening sentence, introduce the expressions so that the reader can follow the story, and remember to main character and the situation. use adjectives to show how your Paragraphs 2 & 3: Action and description main character feels to make him Paragraph 3: End the story, mentioning how the main or her more like a real person. character feels. UNIT 10 131

10 ReloadVocabulary GrammarChoose the correct answers. Choose the correct answers.1 Inever buy a whole album, I just pick four or 1 All my favourite songs on my MP3 player and five of the best songs. on my laptop. a up b out a is stored c at b are stored c be stored2 How do you remember all the to that rap song? 2 Millions of songs from the Internet every day. a lyrics a are downloading b notes b are downloaded c gangs c are download3 Olivia practises the violin every day; she’s very 3 Luckily, the band’s album recorded before the on improving. studio closed down. a calm a was being b kind b will be c keen c had been4 Please stop to that MP3 player and come and 4 Jill’s song performed by the school children have your dinner. tomorrow. a listening a would be b hearing b is going to be c playing c was being5 When Mum plays music on her old cassette player, 5 Your computer be connected to the Internet if it terrible! you want to download music! a stores a would b sounds b could c records c must6 The band are giving tickets to their concert 6 Ipromise you that all the musicians at the end with their new album. of this month. a away a will be paying b up b were being paid c in c will be paid7 Idon’t know that singer, but his name rings a ; 7 ‘How does the music sound?’ what’s he sung recently? ‘Unfortunately, the piano be heard from here.’ a can’t a song b shouldn’t b tune c mustn’t c bell8 Shelley has started learning the guitar, but she’s 8 The concert live on TV when the heavy rain only at the moment. started. a an assistant a was performed b a beginner b was being performed c a performer c was performing9 The band members weren’t very ; they didn’t 9 ‘Why last night’s performance cancelled?’ say hello to any of their fans. ‘Because the singers were both unwell.’ a was a friendly b was being b artistic c is c hardworking10 Dad’s got terrible in music; he likes punk music 10 ‘Who wrote the music for this film?’ from the 70s! ‘It written by John Barry.’ a was a opinion b were b ear c be c taste132

5 Progress ReviewVocabulary1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold. 1 Elton can play the piano, but not very well because he’s a . BEGIN JOURNAL 2 My cousin has a great job; she’s a for a music magazine. . MUSIC PERFORM 3 It takes a long time to play an instrument well and become a good ORGANISED PATIENT 4 She is a great actress and her in the play was wonderful. CHEER CHARM 5 Molly is not good at planning because she is a very person. 6 Please wait until I am ready to leave and don’t be so . 7 It was a sunny day and I felt as I walked to the park. 8 Everyone loves my grandfather because he is a very man. 2 Complete the sentences with these words.brave cheap curious dishonest intelligent romantic shy trustworthy 1 I don’t like Joe because he is and he never tells the truth. 2 Don’t worry about Karen. She is and won’t tell anyone your secret. 3 The house was on fire, but a man ran inside and helped the family. 4 My sister was about the picnic I went on and asked me a lot of questions. 5 Kevin is very . He didn’t buy any food or drinks for his party! 6 The interviewer asked the singer some questions, but he gave silly answers. 7 It’s difficult for Clare to talk to other people at parties because she is . 8 Jeff is very . He always gives his girlfriend a red rose when he sees her.3 Circle the correct words. 1 There’s a new band and it’s really good. Let’s check it out / check up on it. 2 I’ve got a terrible headache, Jack! Can you please turn up / turn down the radio? 3 Why don’t we have round / go round to Tim’s house? He’s got a new CD I want to listen to. 4 You mustn’t wear jeans to that expensive restaurant because they won’t bring you down / let you in. 5 Hang on / Plug in! We can’t leave yet because I’m still looking for my concert ticket. 6 I want to give away / pass around my old guitar because I don’t want it. 7 Here are some nice birthday cards. Let’s pick out / sell out one for Jenny. 8 My favourite TV show is very funny. I always fall about / take back when I watch it.4 Choose the correct answers 1 What a fantastic party! We’re having a great ! a ball b fun c time 2 I have no time to go out because I am so my homework. a sick of b busy with c upset about 3 Let’s a party at our house and invite all of our friends. a crash b paint c throw 4 I don’t want these songs any more, so I’m going to them. a connect b delete c store 5 Thanks for preparing the food for the party. I’m your help. a familiar with b proud of c grateful for 6 My guitar was very cheap. I bought it for a on eBay. a song b tune c record Progress Review 5 133

5 Progress ReviewGrammar1 Choose the correct answers. 1 Tina last night that she was going to a concert. a said me b told c told me 2 Mum said me with the food for the party. a she help b she would help c would she help 3 I asked Rob he wanted to go to the opera with me. a whether b what c did 4 Kathy said Luke her to his housewarming party. a doesn’t invite b not invited c hadn’t invited 5 Mary wants to go to the concert and she asked me . a when it was b when was it c it was when 6 They said they a dinner party to celebrate Mark’s new job. a will to have b were going to have c would having2 Complete these reported statements and questions. 1 ‘I can meet you at a café.’ 4 ‘Did you gossip at the pyjama party?’ at films Sarah said that Harry asked at a café. the pyjama party. 2 ‘Who didn’t go to Tom’s party?’ 5 ‘I never download films from the Internet.’ Angela asked Dad told us to Tom’s party. from the Internet. 3 ‘Your grandad was a party animal.’ 6 ‘Where have you put my new CDs?’ Mum told us that Sally asked me a party animal. new CDs.3 Circle the correct words. 1 The rock concert hadn’t show / wasn’t shown on TV. 2 Young musicians are needed / will need for the performance. 3 Poor Jason! He isn’t invited / hasn’t invited to Helen’s party. 4 These music videos were downloaded / are download by my sister. 5 This song is singing / is sung at every football match here. 6 My new MP3 player has stolen / was stolen from my bag yesterday! 7 Her favourite singer knows / is known for his unusual clothes. 8 I teach / am taught the piano and the guitar by Mr Springfield.4 Complete the sentences with these words. be been being going had was were will 1 Rosy has given two concert tickets for free. 2 One of the students be asked to sing tomorrow. 3 I think your drums are delivered at the moment. 4 Music should only downloaded from safe sites. 5 The album being recorded when the singer became ill. 6 Susie been invited to the surprise party before Jenny. 7 the students being video recorded at the performance? 8 The food for the party next week is to be cooked by John.134