Flash on English_Intermediate_WB

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Contents p. 4 p. 6 p. 8 1 Fair Play p. 10 p. 11 F ocus on Grammar G rammar and Vocabulary Practice p. 12 English in Context p. 14 Vocabulary Builder p. 16 S kills p. 18 p. 19 2 A Better World p. 20 p. 22 Focus on Grammar p. 24 G rammar and Vocabulary Practice p. 26 E nglish in Context p. 27 Vocabulary Builder Skills p. 28 p. 30 p. 32 3 Popular Legends p. 34 p. 35 Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice p. 36 E nglish in Context p. 38 V ocabulary Builder p. 40 S kills p. 42 p. 43 4 The Media p. 44 p. 46 Focus on Grammar p. 48 Grammar and Vocabulary Practice p. 50 English in Context p. 51 Vocabulary Builder Skills 5 Images F ocus on Grammar G rammar and Vocabulary Practice E nglish in Context V ocabulary Builder S kills 6 The Food of Love F ocus on Grammar G rammar and Vocabulary Practice E nglish in Context V ocabulary Builder S kills 2

7 Too Much TV p. 52 p. 54 F ocus on Grammar p. 56 G rammar and Vocabulary Practice p. 58 E nglish in Context p. 59 V ocabulary Builder Skills p. 60 p. 62 p. 64 8 We’ve Got Rights! p. 66 p. 67 F ocus on Grammar G rammar and Vocabulary Practice p. 68 English in Context p. 70 V ocabulary Builder p. 72 Skills p. 74 p. 75 9 Our Future p. 76 p. 78Focus on Grammar p. 80 Grammar and Vocabulary Practice p. 82 English in Context p. 83 Vocabulary Builder Skills p. 84 p. 87 p. 88 10 Role Models p. 90 p. 92 Focus on Grammar Grammar and Vocabulary Practice 3 English in Context V ocabulary Builder S kills Useful expressions: writing and speaking Irregular verbs Phrasal verbs list Self-assessment grids – B1 Audioscripts

1 Fair Play Focus on GrammarPresent perfect continuous Affirmative Negative Interrogative Short answers form form form affirmative negative I have been working I haven’t been working Have I been working? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. You have been working You haven’t been working Have you been working? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. He has been working He hasn’t been working Has he been working? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. She has been working She hasn’t been working Has she been working? Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. It has been working It hasn’t been working Has it been working? Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t. We have been working We haven’t been working Have we been working Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. You have been working You haven’t been working Have you been working? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. They have been working They haven’t been working Have they been working? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.• To form the Present perfect continuous we use the Present perfect continuous vs following structure: Present perfect simple have / has + been + -ing form of the verb • We use the Present perfect continuous to talk about an action that began in the past and that is still I’ve been working here for 5 years. in progress. This tense emphasises the duration, length, continuity of the action when we are• We use the Present perfect continuous to describe focusing on the action rather than on the results. an action that has taken place over a long period of time and that is still in progress at the time of I’ve been cooking all day. speaking or that has just stopped. (the focus is on the action and the length of time) I’m exhausted! I’ve been painting my room for • We use the Present perfect simple to talk about the hours. result of an action that is finished now. ! We don’t use the Present perfect continuous with I’ve baked a delicious cake today.verbs that do not take the -ing form. With these verbs (the focus is on the result of the action, i.e. thewe use the Present perfect simple or the Past simple.Here are some examples of verbs that do not take the cake)-ing form:– state verbs: be, cost, fit, mean, suit.– verbs of possession: belong, have.– sense verbs: feel, hear, see, smell, taste.– feeling verbs: hate, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish.– opinion / thought verbs: believe, know, think, understand.4

Purpose and reason 1• In English we use the infinitive to talk about the • With so (that) we use the modal verbs can, will or purpose of or the reason for an action. may: She’s here to help us. – in the present tense when the verb in the main clause is in a Present tense, in the Present• In addition to the infinitive of purpose, we can also perfect or in the Future. introduce the purpose of or the reason for an action with the following expressions: I’ll turn down the volume so that she can sleep. I’ll close the window so that you won’t be cold. – so as to / in order to + base form of the verb for more formal situations. – in the past tense (could, would, might) when the verb in the main clause is in a Past tense. I went to the Embassy in order to get my visa. He was speaking softly so that the others – so (that) + modal verb in sentences where the couldn’t hear him. subject is different in the second clause. She made the test very easy so that everyone I’ll close the window so that you won’t be cold. would pass it.MY GLOSSARYSports ________________ speed ________________ height ________________ball ________________ tackle ________________ length ________________basketball ________________ team ________________ slope ________________bat ________________ throw in ________________ snow ________________boxing ________________ to compete ________________ wind ________________circuit ________________ to go skiing ________________(golf) club ________________ to train ________________ adjectives ________________competition ________________ whistle ________________ aware ________________course ________________ impressed ________________court ________________ The Olympic games polite ________________cup ________________ sporting ________________final ________________ athlete ________________ tough ________________foul ________________ wet gloves ________________ Olympics ________________ ________________goal ________________ verbs ________________ice-skating ________________ Olympic rings ________________ to check ________________marathon ________________ to fall down ________________medal ________________ Olympic sport ________________ to host ________________motor-racing ________________ to improve ________________net ________________ Collocations ________________ to look for ________________off-side ________________ to commit a foul ________________ to reach ________________penalty ________________ to go on a diet ________________ to retire pitch ________________ to go on holiday ________________ to send off ________________pool ________________ to score a goal ________________ ________________racket ________________ to shake hands ________________ adverbs ________________referee ________________ to take a corner ________________ approximately rink ________________ to take part in ________________ professionally score to win a penalty regularly Other... ________________ nouns face 5

1 Grammar and Vocabulary Practice 3 Say if the action is continuing in the present (P)Grammar or if it has just finished (F).Present perfect continuous 1 Make sentences and questions using the Present 1 I’ve been waiting for Tim for twenty minutes. P perfect continuous and the words below. 2 We’ve been trying to get into the football 1 I / not live / here for long. team for ages. ___ I haven’t been living here for long. 2 She / try / to call him for hours. 3 You’ve been studying hard, you have full _________________________________________ 3 We / work / with each other / since 2006. marks in the exam. ___ _________________________________________ 4 He / not / play / very well recently. 4 We scored a lot of points because we’ve _________________________________________ 5 you / read / those comics? been training every day. ___ _________________________________________ 6 My sister / travel / for four months now. 5 I’ve been tidying since you left! ___ _________________________________________ 7 they / practise / their moves? 6 We’ve been looking for the best players _________________________________________ 8 You / learn / to cook! This is delicious! for the team for a month now. ___ _________________________________________ 9 You / not / study recently. Your test was terrible. 7 You’ve been eating biscuits all afternoon, _________________________________________ that’s why you’re not hungry now. ___ 4 Write sentences using the information below and the Present perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets. 2 Write sentences using the Present perfect continuous and the information below. 1 My neighbour came out to cut his grass an 1 A dog is sitting beside a hole in the garden. (dig) hour ago and he hasn’t finished. He’s been digging a hole. My neighbour’s been cutting his grass for an 2 A person is wet from head to foot. (rain) hour. _________________________________________ 2 I moved here in 2008, and I still live here. 3 A girl scores sixteen baskets in one basketball _________________________________________ match. (practise) 3 We started studying English when we were _________________________________________ little, and we still study it. 4 A boy is sitting with dirty football boots and a _________________________________________ football. (play) 4 My class began this study project three weeks _________________________________________ ago, and we haven’t finished it yet. 5 Two people are reading a shopping list to _________________________________________ check it. (write) 5 This tap started dripping two days ago, and it’s _________________________________________ still dripping now. 6 A friend arrives with a beautiful suntan. _________________________________________ (sunbathe) 6 I started this exercise four minutes ago and I’m _________________________________________ still doing it. 7 Some people get off a bus in the late afternoon _________________________________________ carrying skis. (ski) 7 We’re still waiting but we didn’t arrive long ago. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 8 A man turns off the TV at midnight. His eyes are very tired. (watch) _________________________________________ 9 A woman got a job in a company four years ago and she still works there. (work) _________________________________________6

Purpose and reason 1 5 Match the action with its reason. Vocabulary 1 I’m writing a good reference for you in order to 2 I’ll put on my alarm clock so Sports equipment 3 I play a lot of tennis to 7 Underline the correct word in the sentences. 4 I keep a diary in order to 5 I want to go on holiday so that 1 Are you going to play tennis? Don’t forget your 6 We’re saving all our pocket money to racket / club. 7 I’m going to contact the newspapers in order to 2 He jumped incredibly high and pushed the ball into the goal / basket. a get some publicity. 3 Have you seen how fast she is on a pair of b remember all my appointments. skis / boots? c buy a new CD player. 4 Take off your boots / boxing gloves outside the d we wake up on time. changing room or you’ll dirty the floor. 1 e help you get the job. 5 Look, the referee is taking out his f keep fit. whistle / basket! g I can get some rest. 6 If it’s oval then it’s a rugby / golf ball. 7 He went down to the beach carrying his 6 Make sentences using in order to and so (that). net / surf board. 8 Be careful how you use that golf club / racket, 1 She wants to win the championship. you might hurt someone. She’s training hard. (so) 9 Put a basket / net on the back of the goals or She’s training hard so she can win the the ball will fly off the pitch. championship. Sporting locations 2 She’s saving her money. She wants to go to 8 Complete the dialogue with words from the America this summer. (in order to) box. There is one extra word. _________________________________________ 3 He’s wearing headphones. He doesn’t want to water polo circuit rink stadium slope ring pitch course hear the noise from outside. (so) _________________________________________ Jake Have you heard? They’ve been building a new 4 I’m opening an online bank account. I want to sports centre in the next town. There’s going to be a pool. pay my bills from home. (in order to) _________________________________________ Ken Do you think it’ll be a (1) _w_a_t_e_r_p__o_lo_ pool? 5 We need to find a time when everyone is free. Jake I don’t know. But there’s going to be a football That way we can all come to training sessions. (so) _________________________________________ (2) ____________ next to it. With floodlights! 6 You have to practise every day. It’s the way to Ken Sounds good. We really need a sports (3) ____________ in this area. Do you think really improve. (in order to) _________________________________________ they’ll include a boxing (4) ____________ . 7 I’m studying French because I want to I love Thai boxing. Jake Who knows. I’d prefer something quieter understand people when I go there. (so) and outdoor like a golf (5) ____________ but _________________________________________ I know that’s impossible. 8 I’m writing to you because I want to apply for a Ken Golf is for girls! Not for real men! Jake That’s what you said about ice skating until place at your school. (in order to) _________________________________________ we went to the (6) ____________ . 9 Let’s go on Saturday evening. That way we can You couldn’t walk for days! Ken Better than you at the racing car stay out late. (so) (7) ____________ . You just sit there and _________________________________________ don’t move! 7

1 English in Context 3 Complete the sentences with the correct word. 1 Complete the conversation using the Present The first letter is given. perfect simple or continuous of the verbs in brackets. Mum Andy! Andy! I (1) _’v_e__b_e_e_n__c_a_ll_in__g_ you for the last ten minutes. (call) (2) ____________ your sandwiches? (you / eat) Andy Not yet. We (3) ____________ busy. (be) Mum What (4) ____________ ? (you / do) Andy Well, we (5) ____________ Fifa football. (play) Mum A video game? Andy It’s not just a video game. It’s really Nora I was thinking of taking up a new sport, difficult. maybe golf. Mum Right. Well (6) ____________ (you / Kevin But golf (1) c_l_u_b_s_ are really expensive. score) any goals? The tennis (2) c____________ at school Andy Yes, two, but we (7) ____________ are free. playing yet, Mum. (not finish) Nora True, and dad could lend me a tennis Mum You need to eat. How long is a match? (3) r____________ . Andy 90 minutes of course! Kevin What about ice skating? There’s a We (8) ____________ for forty minutes. (4) r____________ in town. (play) We’ll have our sandwiches at half Nora Funny! You know I can’t stand ice skating. time. I’ve always wanted to learn how to ski. 2 Read the email and complete the spaces using Kevin But the nearest ski (5) s____________ a verb from the box in the Present perfect are one hundred miles away! simple or continuous. Nora Yes, you’re right. It’s not very practical, is it? be meet not work not heard Kevin I don’t think so. I went to see Alison at go work go out rain do the boxing (6) r____________ . It looked fun. Nora She’s good, isn’t she? And she’s so tiny. Kevin And those boxing (7) g____________ are huge. Maybe I should just try swimmingHi Sam, again.I (1) _h_a_v_e_n_’_t_h_e_a_r_d_ from you for ages!What (2) ____________ (you)? I’m really exhausted Nora That’s a good idea. The swimmingbecause I (3) ____________ too hard. I’m goingto have to give up my job in the restaurant. It’s a (8) p____________ is just up the road.pity because I (4) ____________ there for long. Youknow that I (5) ____________ to night school, don’t 4 Read the clues and guess the words toyou? I’m doing four ‘A’ levels: physics, chemistry,biology and maths. I have to get A passes to get into complete the crossword puzzle. The words alluniversity next year, so I have to really work hard. relate to soccer / football.Anyway, the good news is I (6) ____________ a reallynice guy. His name’s Adam and he’s at night school 1H I 2 T 3too. We (7) ____________ for six weeks!The weather here (8) ____________ dreadful for the 4past few months. It (9) ____________ nonstop. It’sOK because we both have to study, Adam’s got 5 Acrossexams in a few weeks, and so we just stay in and 6 1 strike the ball hitstudy together. 4 a 90° angle of theWrite soon. 7Love, playing pitchJenny 8 7 w hen you make points 8 the opposite of win 8 Down 2 physically stop an opponent 3 the opposite of lose 5 transfer the ball to a team-mate 6 the place where the ball goes to score a point

5 Match the riddles 1-5 with the answers a-e. 1 Use a dictionary if necessary. Sum up! 1 Why did the chicken cross the road? 7 Underline the correct answer. 2 Why did the man with one hand cross the road? 1 A How many exercises have you been doing / 3 Why did the rubber chicken cross the road? have you done? 4 Why did the boy carry a ladder to school? B I’ve finished / finished three. 5 Why did the turtle cross the road? 2 A How long do you study / have you been studying? a It wanted to stretch its legs. B I have been / am studying all day! 1 b It wanted to get to the other side. 3 A Why do you get up so early? B So that / To I can train before I go to school. c To get to the second-hand shop. 4 A The concert’s at 8! Why are we leaving now? d To get into high school. B To / So that get good seats of course! e To get to the Shell Station! 5 A Why are you drinking so much water? B So that / To have nice skin. 6 Complete the dialogue with a phrase from 6 A Do you understand the rules for rugby? B No, I don’t. I’ve tried / been trying to the box. understand them for years! 8 Correct the underlined words. 1 There are three tennis circuits at my school. courts 2 Dad’s gone to the golf court for the afternoon. 3 There’s a new ice-skating ring near my house. 4 The football camp was too wet and they couldn’t play. 5 A basketball pitch is 15 metres wide. 6 I always go on the easy rink when I go skiing. I’ve been going with Rob Translate! so that I can ask Amy out I’ve been doing some boxing 9 Translate the following sentences into your so I can get stronger own language. have you been doing that 1 How long has it been snowing? have you been going _________________________________________ I started going 2 Alma has been studying English for five years. _________________________________________ David How long (1) _h_a_v_e__y_o_u__b_e_e_n_g_o_i_n_g_ to 3 The captain of our team has scored another the gym? goal. _________________________________________ John (2) ____________ about a year ago. 4 There are two tennis courts near my house. _________________________________________ David What do you do? 5 Claire hasn’t had her dinner yet. _________________________________________ John (3) ____________ . 6 John has been playing football for an hour. _________________________________________ David Boxing? Why are you doing that? 7 Have you been waiting long? _________________________________________ John (4) ____________ and lose weight. And 8 The ball has hit the crossbar. _________________________________________ anyway it’s fun. 9 I haven’t been studying long, but I’m already David Who do you go with? tired. _________________________________________ John (5) ____________ . We go on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Why don’t you come? David I’m busy on those nights. I go to salsa classes. John Salsa classes? How long (6) ____________ ? David About a month. John So, why are you going to dance classes? David (7) ____________ . She loves dancing! 9

1 Vocabulary Builder 4 Now use some of the new compound nouns to Talking about speed and quantities complete these sentences.in time 1 The people who play in our school Speeds now reach over 300 km an / per hour. ____________ contributed the money to buy This expression is often abbreviated to kph a new net and some new volleyballs. (kilometres per hour) or mph (miles per hour), 2 You can’t go out on the slopes in a jumper, depending on where you live in the world. It you’ll freeze! Borrow a ____________ . stands to indicate the speed at which something 3 You’re very tall, if you like sport you should is moving. Note that we can say either 300 km think about becoming a ____________ . an hour or 300 km per hour. 4 I hate these high heels! I’d feel more I usually make about four calls an hour. comfortable in my old ____________ . He never eats three meals a day. 5 This isn’t a miniskirt, it’s my new We use these expressions to talk about the quantity ____________ . It’s for sport, not fashion! of something we do in a certain period of time. 6 I hate when my brother comes home in his dirty ____________ after a football match and 1 Put the words below in the correct order to leaves mud all over the floor. talk about speeds. Word families: sports coverage a / an distance / object / action number time period Do you play any sports or do you like to watch sports on TV? If you do, then you already know _________ + _________ + _________ + _________ the meaning of the term sports coverage. It is a branch of journalism that follows sports events 2 Now write the speed or quantity in time in each and comments them on television broadcasts. sentence. 5 Complete the sentences with the words in the 1 A normal person can cover about 4 miles in a box about sports coverage. period of one hour. 4 miles an hour commentary action replay photo finish 2 The fastest land animal in the world is the record fast forward rewind cheetah which can reach speeds that would press stop commentator make 120 kilometres in an hour, but only for short periods. ____________ 1 The _c_o_m__m__e_n_ta__to_r_ who spoke on TV last night was really good. It’s interesting to listen to a 3 At school we usually study four subjects during well-informed ____________ . each morning. ____________ 2 I’m sure the goal was near the beginning of the 4 The fastest vehicle on earth at the moment is match, can you ____________ the film? No, called the ‘Thrust SSC’; it managed to reach a stop, too much! OK, ____________ it just a speed that in the space of one hour would carry it little. for 1,228 kilometres if sustained! ____________ 3 Can you ____________ for a moment? 5 I have to put hundreds of letter into envelopes, I want to get a drink and I don’t want to miss I find I can manage to do about fifteen in the space of a minute. ____________ anything. 4 It was a good idea to ____________ the matchCompound nouns: sports and watch it this evening. Look at how we form these compound nouns in 5 I can’t see who crossed the line first, and the context of sports. Notice that the name of the even the ____________ doesn’t show the sport always comes first. golf club, rugby ball, football pitch winner, they’re so close. It’s definitely a ____________ . 3 Try to make as many combinations as possible using words from the two boxes, the words in the left hand box always come first. football golf pitch slope court trackrugby basketball club (instrument) racket ball net shoes skirt volleyball trousers boots team player running ski jacket club (group of people) tennis football pitch10

1SkillsReading 1 Read the magazine article. Who doesn’t like going to the gym?I do it so that I can feel more confidentParkour, or free running, is the latest sports craze. What is it? Have you seen the advertisements where guys runand jump off walls, railings and buildings? Or you may have seen the free running chase scenes at the beginning ofthe latest James Bond, Casino Royale. In the film, one of the founders of free running, Sèbastian Foucan, jumpedand bounced off cranes and the top of buildings like a rubber ball.Free running and parkour are slightly different. The aim of parkour is to get from A to B smoothly, quickly and efficiently,while free running is more spectacular; participants do a lot of acrobatics when they’re running in the streets.Parkour is also considered a philosophy or way of life. It can change people’s lives. Denzil Triano is a sixteen-year-old school boy from San Diego. He has been practising the sport since he was 13. He wasn’t doing verywell at school. ‘I hated it. I had real problems with classwork and didn’t want to go to school.’ Now he’s doingmuch better. ‘I’ve been getting really good grades and it’s all thanks to parkour. I’ve started seeing problems andassignments at school as obstacles that I can overcome like I do in parkour. It’s really helped me.’Parkour is a cool alternative to mainstream sports. It’s a great way to get fit and keep healthy. Interest in free running hasreally grown in the last few years. You can go to one of the many weekly courses to learn basic techniques before yougo out onto the streets and practise your free running style. Sandy has been going to a course at the Free running Sportscentre here in San Diego for a month. ‘We do stretching and exercises and we’ve also had lessons on diet and nutrition.’You don’t need any equipment for this sport, just a good pair of comfortable shoes, but it can be dangerous. Peoplehurt themselves all the time. So why do they do it? I spoke to some of the students at the centre.’Jamie, 18: ‘Well I think it’s a really cool sport and I do it to get stronger and fitter. I’d like to be really good at it andtake part in competitions.’Anita, 17: ‘I do it so that I can feel more confident. I’ve never been good at sports but this is really exciting.’David, 30: ‘Well, I’ve never really liked going to the gym. It’s really boring. I suppose I’m doing it to get out of thehouse! There are some great people here.’ 2 Answer the questions. Listening 1 Which blockbuster film shows free running? 4 2 P Listen to Sam, Katy and Jack 2 Who is Sèbastian Foucan? 3 How long has Denzil been doing parkour? talking about their favourite sport and write 4 What has changed since Denzil started doing true (T) or false (F). parkour? 5 Why can free running be dangerous? 1 Sam has been running since he was at school. T 6 How long has Sandy been doing free running? 7 What equipment do you need to do this sport? 2 Sam uses special equipment. ___ 8 Who wants to compete? 9 Why does Anita do free running? 3 Katy chose kickboxing so she could learnWriting to defend herself. ___ 3 T Write about your favourite sport. 4 Katy didn’t have any problems when she Use the questions below to help you. started. ___ – How long have you been interested in this sport? 5 Jack enjoys being on the basketball court. ___ – Do you do it? If so, how long have you been 6 Jack hasn’t been playing for long. ___ doing it? If not, would you like to do it? – Why? / Why not? – What equipment do you need to do it? – Where do you do this sport? I really like … because … 11

2 A Better World Focus on Grammar ExamplesSecond conditional If I were richer, I would buy a bigger house. Structure We would travel around the world if we won the lottery. if clause: if + Past simple main clause: would + base form of verb• We use the Second conditional to talk about future ! Note: compare the difference in meaning between events that are seen as not very likely (but not the First and Second conditional. impossible) or imaginary (wishful thinking). If he could speak Chinese, the company would give him the job immediately. If I won two million pounds on a game show, I’d (he doesn’t speak Chinese, so the likelihood of him buy a house with a huge garden and two swimming getting the job is very low) pools. If you get up early, you’ll catch the first train to Perth. (it is not very likely that I will win) (you have no problem getting up early, so the likelihood of you catching the train is very high) If I weren’t vegetarian, I’d try your chicken tikka masala. It looks delicious! too/enough (it is an imaginary situation because the speaker is • We use too to mean ‘excessively’ and it always vegetarian) precedes the adjective or the adverb it refers to in the following structures:• In the if clause we use the verb to be in the form were for all persons. too + adjective / adverb If I were a professional athlete, I would make a lot Slow down! You’re driving too fast! of money. too + adjective / adverb + to infinitive If he were more careful, he wouldn’t make so many mistakes. It’s too cold to play in the yard.• In more informal language, we tend to use was for ! Note the following structure: the 1st and 3rd persons singular. too + adjective / adverb + for sb + to infinitive If I was a professional athlete, I would make a lot of money. That article is too long for me to read in a few minutes. If he was more careful, he wouldn’t make so many He is speaking too quickly for her to understand him. mistakes.• We use the expression If I were you to give advice. If I were you, I wouldn’t leave now.• We can also use the expression If I were in your / his / her shoes… to give advice. If I were in your shoes, I’d apologise to her at once.12

• We use enough to mean ‘sufficient’. 2 I haven’t got enough time to read the paper this ! Note the following structures: morning. enough + noun + to infinitive• enough precedes the noun it refers to. We don’t have enough money for a holiday this There aren’t enough people to make a team. year. (not) adjective / adverb + enough + to infinitive• When we use enough referred to an adjective or an He wasn’t old enough to vote. adverb, it follows them. She’s not walking quickly enough to catch the train. My soup isn’t hot enough. Please reheat it. She’s not working quickly enough. She’ll never finish in time.MY GLOSSARYWorld problems ________________ law ________________ adjectives ________________birth rate ________________ politics ________________ disabled ________________bullying ________________ politician ________________ free ________________climate change ________________ power ________________ moving ________________disease ________________ to rule ________________ old-fashioned ________________drug ________________ peaceful ________________education ________________ Money strict ________________global village ________________ surprising ________________health system ________________ investor ________________ talented ________________homeless ________________ tasty ________________human rights ________________ poverty ________________ worrying hunger ________________ ________________illiteracy ________________ stock market ________________ verbs ________________illiterate ________________ to end ________________jobless ________________ to make money ________________ to face ________________loneliness ________________ to feed ________________malnutrition ________________ to spend money on ________________ to fight ________________natural disaster ________________ to hitchhike ________________peace ________________ wealth ________________ to interview ________________petition ________________ to live on ________________pollution ________________ Idioms and expressions to look after ________________protest ________________ to punish ________________racism ________________ from place to place ________________ to solve terrorism ________________ to suffer from ________________unemployed ________________ in search of ________________ ________________unemployment ________________ adverbs ________________war ________________ just joking ________________ finally ________________weapons first of all Other... ________________ locally Politics nouns ________________ unfortunately government beggar ________________ chemicals ________________ company ________________ farming ________________ lift ________________ possessions ________________ roof ________________ school leavers signature ________________ 13

2 Grammar and Vocabulary PracticeGrammar too/enough 4 Put the words below in the correct order to Second conditional 1 Match the sentence halves. make sentences. 1 If I were rich, 1 enough / big / isn’t / this shirt 2 If I were the President of the USA, This shirt isn’t big enough. 3 If I met my favourite actor, 2 we / for a football team / enough / haven’t got / 4 If I could run really well, players 5 If I had a driving license, _________________________________________ 6 I’d stay in bed till 10 o’clock 3 to make a curry / enough / there / rice / isn’t _________________________________________ a I’d try to make peace in the world. 4 he / enough / isn’t / to play basketball / tall b I’d save and buy a car. _________________________________________ c if I didn’t have to go to school. 5 haven’t bought / drinks / they / for the party / 1 d I’d give some money to charity. enough e I’d ask for his autograph. _________________________________________ f I’d train for the Olympics. 6 stupid / Ken / to do something so dangerous / enough / isn’t 2 Use the words in brackets to complete the _________________________________________ sentences. 5 Underline the correct words in the sentences. 1 If I _h_a__d_ (have) a pet, I_’d__t_a_k_e_ (take) good 1 We haven’t got enough / too much money for care of it. this model. 2 If I ____________ (be) you, I ____________ 2 Underemployment is when people have work (look) for some advice. but not too much / enough. 3 If she ____________ (can) sing, 3 In reality there is enough food to / for feed she ____________ (go) into show business. everyone in the world. 4 If I ____________ (know) his phone number, 4 This report is too / to complicated for a I ____________ (not / give) it to you. presentation in a school. 5 Where ____________ (you / live) if you 5 He isn’t poor enough / much to qualify for state ____________ (can) live anywhere in the world? assistance. 6 If I ____________ (not / like) that dress, 6 Pollution happens when we produce enough / I ____________ (not / wear) it. too much dirty air. 7 What ____________ (you / buy) if you 7 Houses here are too expensive to / for most ____________ (win) the lottery? people to buy. 8 She ____________ (not / be) happy if she 8 I have enough money to / for buy a mobile. ____________ (know) what you said about her. 9 ____________ (you / go) out with Peter if he 6 Rewrite the sentences using too or enough ____________ (ask) you? and the opposite of the adjectives. 3 Write sentences in the second conditional to 1 You’re not loud enough, I can’t hear you. follow the sentences below. You’re too quiet, I can’t hear you. 2 This string isn’t long enough to tie the parcel. 1 He wants to say yes, but you didn’t ask him. _________________________________________ He’d say yes if you asked him. 3 His house is too far to walk to. 2 I’d like to read the book but I haven’t got it. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4 This soup isn’t hot enough to serve. 3 I’m not helping you because you haven’t asked _________________________________________ me. 5 My idea is too complicated for this project. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4 I’m not taking my umbrella because it isn’t raining. 6 This computer is too slow to download films. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5 I can’t tell you the answer because I don’t know. 7 It’s not late enough to phone her, she’s still at work. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 6 Mark doesn’t know about this, don’t tell him 8 My mum says I’m too young to go on holiday because he’ll get angry. with my friends. _________________________________________ _________________________________________14

7 Complete the sentences with too or enough. 2 1 Your sister is _t_o_o_ talkative. She didn’t let me Word building say a word! 9 Use an appropriate form of the base word in 2 I’ve had ____________ of this film. Let’s get out of here. brackets to complete the sentences. 3 The test wasn’t ____________ difficult. Everyone got excellent marks. 1 We like to use _n__a_tu_r_a_l_ ingredients in our 4 My mum says I’m ____________ young to go to dishes. (nature) discos. 2 The river is so ____________ that nothing lives 5 Don’t worry, we still have ____________ time in it. (pollute) before the shops close. 3 I think the countryside is a ____________ place 6 If I don’t get ____________ sleep, I’m in a bad for children. (health) mood all day. 4 We have so many people with no jobs that ____________ has become the biggestVocabulary problem. (unemployed) 5 If I were a ____________ , I’d take care of theGlobal problems country’s social problems. (politics) 8 Complete the sentences with a word from the 6 Let’s all calm down and look for a more ____________ solution than shouting. (peace) box. There are two extra words. 7 This film is very violent, why did you say it was ____________ ? (educate) disease bullying robbery human rights 8 I’d like to volunteer for a charity helping climate change illiteracy drugs eradicate ____________ in the neighbourhood. (poor) environment education crime health 1 0 Underline the correct words in the dialogue. 1 If people have no access to medicine then _d_i_s_e_a_s_e_ can become a major problem. Lorna Colin, have you seen this newspaper 2 We must learn to take care of the ____________ , for example by recycling everything possible. article? It’s really scary. It says that 3 If I were the head of the school I’d suspend anyone found ____________ other students and (1) pollution / crime of the environment making their lives miserable. 4 I’m sure that a good ____________ really helps is still increasing. people, that’s why I believe in investing in schools. 5 I think ____________ problems like not having Colin Why do you worry about those things? a right to a trial or a lawyer are very important. 6 If ____________ weren’t punished, we’d all You can’t do anything. Worry about have to stay locked in our houses for safety. 7 Never mind politics, ____________ is the real something else, like (2) homelessness / problem, if temperatures rise we’re in real trouble. 8 How can we help adults with an ____________ bullying at school. problem? Can we offer evening reading and writing classes? Lorna I’m not interested in that, but the 9 We need more doctors to solve the country’s ____________ problems. environment is really important. Colin So is not getting hit by other students! OK, what about the (3) health / drugs problem in our town? A lot of (4) unemployment / crime is related to selling them or to using them. Robbery for example, and violence. Lorna But it’s not my problem. I don’t use them. Colin So? You might get robbed. Or what about local (5) politics / education? Aren’t you interested in who wins the next elections? Lorna I suppose so, but I’m still more interested in getting people to live a more (6) natural / creative lifestyle. You know, organic food and so on. Colin And how do you intend to do that? You aren’t exactly an (7) environmental / influential journalist, are you? 15

2 English in Context 3 Complete the dialogues with the words given. 1 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs from the box. Sue (1) What / you do if your best friend / start take (x2) not hurt cut have (x3) flirting with your boyfriend? go not have to help be (x2) What would you do if your best friend started flirting with your boyfriend? Anna (2) I / be very angry and I / not talk to her again! _____________________________________ Joe (3) If my best friend start / flirting with my girlfriend I / hit him! _____________________________________ Sally Bob, the dog’s barking. Anna (4) What / you do if a friend / borrow Bob (1) I’m sorry, I_’d__t_a_k_e_ him for a walk if money from you but never gave it back? I __h_a_d_ time, but I’m really busy. _____________________________________ Sally There’s so much to do, the house is a mess. Joe (5) It / depend on the amount. I think I’m going to have to clean the whole house. I forget about it, if it / be not much. Bob (2) If I ____________ you, I ____________ _____________________________________ a rest! Sue (6) Well, I / wait for a week or two and Sally Then there are the dishes from breakfast. then I / ask them for it. Bob (3) If I ____________ to write this report, _____________________________________ I ____________ you. Sally The grass needs cutting too. Joe (7) What / you do if your dad / start Bob (4) I’m sorry, if my back ____________ shouting at you in a shop? I ____________ it. _____________________________________ Sally We need some shopping; I’m going to have Anna (8) I think I / walk away. to go to the supermarket. _____________________________________ Bob (5) I ____________ if I ____________ the Sue (9) I / pretend I didn’t know him! car. But it’s at the garage. _____________________________________ Sally Well, that’s all done. John and I are going to Donatello’s for lunch. 4 Complete the words in the newspaper short Bob Can I come? articles. The first letter is given. Sally (6) Sorry, if there ____________ room in 1 A conference is being held on the subject of the e_n_v_ir_o_n_m__e_n_t_ . It is a problem that affects the car, I ____________ you. We’re going in everyone. C____________ c____________ and environmental p____________ . his sports car. See you later! 2 Complete the gaps with an appropriate word from the box. There is one extra word. were too poverty unemployment 2 A full investigation has been launched into didn’t would homeless create enough this attempted act of t____________ . Those involved will be found and arrested. Some people say I’m always complaining, I am 3 Amnesty International is concerned about (1) _t_o_o_ pessimistic. Perhaps I am. But If people h____________ r____________ violations in like me (2) ____________ complain, nothing Sudan. (3) ____________ change. Most people don’t do (4) ____________ to reduce pollution or end 4 According to UN statistics adult i____________ (5) ____________ ; some people can’t afford amongst women in Central Africa is double that one meal a day! I also worry about education. of men. Girls are simply not sent to school. If there (6) ____________ more schools, kids would learn more. And the government must 5 Every day hundreds of teens wake up afraid to (7) ____________ more jobs; there is too much go to school. B____________ is a problem in (8) ____________ , too many people without our schools. work; and this causes other problems, like crime. 6 Police arrested teens leaving a disco in Manhattan for possession of d____________ .16

5 Complete the dialogue with words from the box. 2 aren’t enough chairs aren’t old enough Sum up! enough soft drinks it’s not big enough to eat 7 Complete this extract from a talk about the too difficult to eat to feed the whole street environment with the correct form of the Sean Have we got (1) _e_n_o_u_g_h__s_o_ft__d_r_in_k_s_ for words from the box in the spaces a-f. the party? environment pollute (x2) litter crime robbery Olivia Yes, I think so, I bought four bottles of Coke. But I’m not sure I’ve made enough Kate Our quality of life is getting worse. Let’s take (2) ____________ . transport, I (1) _w_o_u_l_d_n_’_t_d_r_iv_e_ (not drive) Sean We’ve got enough food (3) ____________ ! Olivia Do you think we need plates for the cake? to university if there (2) ____________ (be) Sean Yes, it’s (4) ____________ with your fingers. Olivia Oh no, there (5) ____________ to sit on! regular busses. There aren’t enough busses Sean Don’t worry, Andy’s bringing some. Olivia Shall I put the plates on the dining room or trams, so there’s too much traffic. Apart table? from the fact we’re using too much petrol, Sean OK, but (6) ____________ . We’ll need to we (a) ____________ the air we breathe. use the kitchen table as well. Olivia Is Erica coming? Neil Yes, (b) ____________ is a big problem in Sean No, her mum and dad are going out and our town. Our streets are really dirty. There’s she has to babysit. Her brother and sister (7) ____________ to stay on their own. (c) ____________ everywhere. Another 6 Complete the blog with words from Unit 2. thing, if you read the newspapers, you Hard Times (3) ____________ (see) that the level of There are very difficult times for all of us. First (d) ____________ is going up, there are of all, young people: they’re unhappy because they have (1) __to_o__ many lessons at school (e) ____________ every day. Someone stole and they don’t have (2) ____________ time (3) ____________ their homework. When they my bike the other day! leave school, they complain that there aren’t (4) ____________ jobs; if they manage to find a Kate Thank you, Neil. The thing is, we’re not being job, they aren’t paid (5) ____________ money to pay the bills! active enough in our local communities. Take drivers: they complain that petrol is (6) ____________ expensive. Women? They have Now if we all (4) ____________ (take) more (7) ____________ responsibilities – at work and in the home. And me? I’m unhappy because I have interest in our (f) ____________ we could a lot of friends on Facebook but not (8) ____________ real friends! maybe do something to improve the quality of our lives. So that’s why we want to set up our group Environment watch! The first meeting is on Friday night at seven thirty. There’ll be food and drink. Neil Well, if there (5) ____________ (be) food, I’ll come. I can’t miss my dinner! 8 Put the verbs in brackets in 1-5 in the correct form. Translate! 9 Translate the following sentences into your own language. 1 If I had time, I would go to the meeting. 2 If you studied more, you would pass your exams more easily. 3 If you study hard over the weekend, you’ll pass your Maths test on Monday. 4 What would you do if you were a politician? 5 There isn’t enough money to invest in education. 6 You’ll be late for school if you don’t get up now. 7 This exercise is too difficult. 8 T he environment is too polluted for wildlife to survive. 17

2 Vocabulary Builder 4 Put the words in brackets into the correct spaces.Abstract nouns: the suffixes -ment, 1 If a ____________ hits your area there is still a-ness, -tion chance it might pass near your house and not touch it, but you can’t avoid an ____________ : We use abstract nouns to indicate a condition, it shakes the whole area. (earthquake / cyclone) a state or an idea. In this Unit we have learnt 2 The local inhabitants were shocked when the ____________ on the coast showed signs of the following abstract nouns formed with the life. They hadn’t expected an ____________ and weren’t ready for the ____________ which arrived suffixes -ment, -ness, -tion: from the sea. (tidal wave / volcano / eruption) 1 unemployment environment 3 After the ____________ had blown down much of the town, it rained for a week, and the 2 homelessness resulting ____________ damaged the ground floors of the houses still standing. Luckily the 3 pollution malnutrition education ____________ that people expected from the wet hillside didn’t arrive thanks to barriers placed 1 Use your dictionary and find which of the earlier. (flooding / landslide / hurricane) three suffixes you have to add to these words Opposites – antonyms to create an abstract noun. As we have seen in previous units, it’s a good idea to 1 educate education 6 careless __________ write down the opposite (antonym) of a new word or 2 confine __________ 7 addict __________ expression. This not only helps you to remember it 3 innovate __________ 8 devastate __________ more easily, but it expands your lexis, enabling you to 4 refine __________ 9 agree __________ express the same concept in a different way. 5 unhappy __________ He isn’t as old as me. I’m younger than him. 5 Find the opposites of these words from Unit 2 in 2 Now use some of the words to complete these the box. There are two extra words. sentences. lenient increase dirty well-educated hunger 1 His drug ____________ caused a lot of wealth praise expensive corruption weak ____________ for his whole family. 2 This environmental destruction and ____________ 1 clean __________ 5 punish __________ was caused by chemicals in the water supply. 2 illiterate __________ 6 strong __________ 3 There has been a lot of change and 3 cheap __________ 7 poverty __________ ____________ in the prison system in recent 4 strict __________ 8 reduce __________ years. Many now believe in education and not punishment. 6 Complete the article with some of the words in 4 There was general ____________ in the group that the idea was interesting, but one or two exercise 5. people weren’t happy with it. The government has decided to take (1) _s_t_r_o_n_g_ actionWord Families: natural disasters regarding crime. It will (2) ____________ criminals with long sentences and there will be less (3) ____________ 3 Look in your dictionary and match these words conditions in prisons. A government spokesperson said that this would certainly (4) ____________ crime connected with natural disasters with their and mean fewer robberies and attacks. Opposition meanings. politicians criticised the move, saying that crime is generally caused by (5) ____________ : most criminals 1 volcano a when the earth moves and come from homes with very little money. Prisons, they 2 eruption shakes say, must help prisoners improve their lives. The debate 3 earthquake continues today in Parliament. 4 tidal wave b when too much rain means 5 flooding that an area fills with water 6 landslide 7 hurricane c a mountain which explodes 8 cyclone releasing lava d a very strong, devastating wind e when parts of a hill collapse f a natural explosion g a column of wind moving in a circular motion h an enormous rise in sea level which hits the coast18

Skills 2Reading 1 Read this report on human rights and teenage factory workers in China. What time does Lin get to bed? This is a report about the life of one teenager and the working conditions in Chinese factories. Poverty and the scarcity of jobs in the countryside force students to leave their homes to work in overcrowded, unhealthy conditions. Students spend the summer working 15-hour shifts, six and seven days a week. Some of the poorer students choose to stay a little longer, sometimes six or even eight months. Lin is 16 and is at high school. Last month she travelled 36 hours from her home in the north to a province in southeast China to work at an electronics company that makes a well-known brand of mobile phones. If we printed the name of the factory or the province, Lin would probably get the sack. ‘I came here so that I can help my family. My mum and dad both work on the land. It’s a hard life. I make more money here, but if there was work at home, I would go back tomorrow.’ Lin gets up at 6.30 a.m., eats a few crackers and races to the communal bathroom. ‘If I didn’t rush to wash my face and brush my teeth, I would have to wait too long and I’d be late for work.’ She starts work at seven twenty. The work is repetitive and monotonous. ‘I have to do the same things over and over. It’s difficult to stay awake sometimes. If we could talk to each other, it would be easier to stay awake but the foreman won’t let us. He always says: ‘If you want to talk to each other, you’ll have to wait until the shift is over!’ We have a break from 1-2.30 for lunch. Then we work for four hours.’ Lin has fifty minutes for dinner in the company canteen. ‘The food isn’t very tasty, and I’m always hungry.’ She doesn’t have time to leave the factory. ‘If there was a longer break before the evening overtime shift at 6.30, I would go to the supermarket and cook for myself. I know that I can choose not to work overtime, but if I didn’t work overtime, then I would only make $112.67 per month. This is not enough money to support a family. When I finish my four hours of overtime at ten thirty I am so tired, I go to the dormitory, wash my face and go to bed. If someone offered me a tasty meal, I probably wouldn’t be able to eat it. I just want to sleep!’ 2 P Write true (T) or false (F). Correct the false Listening sentences. 4 3 Listen to Harry and Olivia talking. 1 Chinese students leave home to work in Which topic are they talking about: a, b or c? factories because they can’t find work. T a Your best friend borrows a school book and loses it. 2 The factory Lin works in makes computers. ___ b Your best friend drops litter on the ground. c Your mum doesn’t feel well today and is 3 Lin wouldn’t lose her job if the report staying in bed. told us the name of the company. ___ 5 3 P Listen again and complete these 4 Lin has a big breakfast. ___ sentences. 5 The work is very boring. ___ 1 I’d be ______________________ . 2 Would you ______________________ ? 6 The workers can’t talk while they work. ___ 3 What would you do if he ______________________ ? 7 Lin likes the food. ___ 4 I don’t think ______________________ that. 5 I suppose I’d ______________________ myself. 8 Lin isn’t too tired to eat before she goes to bed. ___Writing 3 T P Write about the typical working day of someone you know. Read the second two paragraphs of the article again to help you. 19

3 Popular Legends Focus on Grammarused to Structure Example subject + used to + base form of verb Form He used to watch TV a lot when he could hear affirmative better.negative subject + did not (didn’t) use to + base I didn’t use to go to bed late when I was younger. form of verbinterrogative did + subject + use to+ base form Where did you use to go on Saturday night when of verb you were my age?• We use used to: ! When we talk about a past condition or state – to describe past habits. that is no longer true in the present, we can only use He used to go swimming every day, but he gave used to. My grandfather used to own a Rolls Royce. it up last year. (Not: would own) When I was a kid, we used to have a beautiful cat – to describe a situation or condition that was true called Oscar. in the past but is no longer in the present. (Not: would have) She used to live by herself when she worked in London.would• We can also use the modal verb would to describe past habits. My neighbours’ children would play for hours in the park.• When we talk about past habits, we can use both used to and would and the meaning is very similar. When my parents were away my grandfather would drive me to school. When my parents were away my grandfather used to drive me to school.20

MY GLOSSARY 3Popular legends _____________ puzzled _____________ victim _____________castle _____________ sad _____________ wolf _____________creepy _____________ scared _____________fairy tale _____________ terrified _____________ adjectives _____________Father Christmas _____________ upset _____________ aimed at _____________ghost stories _____________ worried _____________ awake _____________hero _____________ dangerous _____________monster _____________ Idioms and expessions empty _____________romance _____________ nervous scary _____________ it must be a power cut _____________ _____________vampire verbs _____________ dead scared _____________ to attack _____________ to bark _____________ frightened out of life _____________ to believe _____________ to bite _____________ there were rumours that to crawl _____________ to destroy _____________Physical appearance to give sb the creeps _____________ to go out _____________beautiful to jump _____________handsome _____________ to go on / to have a trip _____________ to knock _____________pale _____________ to lock _____________terrifying _____________ to tremble with fear _____________ to run away _____________ugly _____________ to shake _____________ _____________ Other... _____________ to switch off nouns _____________ to travel _____________Personality _____________ back _____________ _____________afraid _____________ blanket _____________ adverbs _____________evil _____________ doll _____________ at first mysterious _____________ field _____________ immediately romantic _____________ footsteps _____________ suddenly sympathetic grave _____________ lawyer _____________Feelings _____________ outcast _____________anxious _____________ prisoner _____________confused _____________ show _____________depressed _____________ snake _____________miserable spider swing 21

3 Grammar and Vocabulary PracticeGrammar would vs used to 3 Rewrite these sentences about past habitual used to for past actions and states 1 Complete the sentences. actions using would. 1 People / use / to / believe / in witches. 1 On holiday we used to get up late every day. People used to believe in witches. On holiday we would get up late every day. 2 I / not / use to / like / tomatoes as a child. 2 It was usual for us take a sandwich to school. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3 you / use to / go / on holiday to the seaside? 3 Normally we walked there and got the bus back. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4 We / never / use to / watch TV. 4 When we lived in the country we always went _________________________________________ for long walks. 5 I / often / use to / go the cinema. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 5 My parents normally gave me pocket money on 6 My parents / not / use to / give me pocket Saturdays. money. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 6 My dad used to bring home interesting things 7 people / use to / travel less? from his work. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 7 Our maths teacher always gave us homework on Friday. _________________________________________ 4 Mark the sentence (7) in each pair which can also use would. 2 Make sentences with the correct form of 1 We used to listen to stories at bedtime. 7 We used to have a huge book of bedtime stories. used to. 2 My house used to be painted yellow. ___ We used to paint our house every year. ___ 1 It was common for people to be afraid of 3 My parents used to love going to the theatre. ___ strangers. My parents used to go to the theatre every People used to be afraid of strangers. weekend. ___ 2 People normally communicated by letter in the 4 Our car used to stop if it started to rain. ___ past. Our car used to be all scratched until we _________________________________________ repainted it. ___ 3 It was not common for people to travel much. 5 My dog used to lie on the couch all afternoon. ___ _________________________________________ My dog used to like that couch very much. ___ 4 I went to the park a lot with my bike as 6 I used to call my boyfriend three times a day. ___ a child. I used to think perhaps I called him too much. ___ _________________________________________ 7 I used to love seeing all my friends enjoying 5 I never had a car when I lived in the city. themselves. ___ _________________________________________ I used to have a Christmas party every year. ___ 6 Did your parents usually let you watch TV when you were little? _________________________________________ 7 Did you usually go to the Youth Club disco? _________________________________________22

3Vocabulary Negative feelings 7 Match each sentence with the correct Childhood 5 Underline the correct word or phrase to response. complete each sentence. 1 I was absolutely terrified during the film. 2 You look a bit worried. 1 I’m going to read you a scary story about 3 Sarah seems quite sad today. ghosts / Father Christmas. 4 I think her job interview was depressing. 2 When I was little I used to be afraid of 5 You look rather puzzled. sleeping alone / playing with toys, so my 6 There is a worrying increase in violence. brother shared a room with me. 7 The idea of going abroad to live is frightening. 3 I was very shy so going to bed early / meeting 8 Are you scared of spiders? new people was always difficult for me. 9 Those noises are a bit creepy. 4 My parents always told me never to speak to certain animals / strangers. a Scared? I’m absolutely terrified of them! 5 I hated going to school / being at home alone b Yes, I’m confused about this question. so my mum always called a babysitter if she c Stay at home if you find it so scary. went out. d I’m nervous about my exam. 6 I don’t believe in spiders / UFOs, I think we’re e I can hear them too, they’re frightening. alone in the universe. 1 f Me too, I was really scared! 7 Sometimes at night I don’t sleep if I have a g Yes, she looks a bit depressed. test / fairy tale the next day. h Yes, the rise in attacks is upsetting. 8 The dark / Playing on the swings used to make i She was very upset when she came out. me feel sick, I don’t like too much movement. 9 Bedtime stories / Empty houses are a good 8 Choose the correct adjectives from the box to way to help a child relax and go to sleep. complete the dialogue. 6 Use phrases from the box to complete the scary confusing frightened puzzled sentences. There are two extra phrases. depressing worried frightening the dark going to school kinds of food Jeremy What was that noise? Did you hear it? fairy tales spider certain animals Helen No, stop playing tricks on me! empty houses strangers sleeping alone meeting new people Jeremy No, really. It’s quite (1) _s_c_a_r_y_ . 1 I love eating but there are certain Helen Wait a minute, yes, I can hear it. _k_in__d_s_o_f__fo_o_d_ that I can’t stand. 2 If I see a ____________ , even a tiny one, I go Aagghh, it’s really (2) ____________ ! hysterical. I hate the way they move. 3 As a child I hated ____________ , but now Jeremy Are you (3) ____________ ? You can I love having my own room. 4 I always keep a night light on because I hate hold my hand if you want. ____________ . 5 There are ____________ that I love, mostly Helen Thanks, but I’m not that scared. mammals. 6 ____________ in the early morning was Actually it sounds a bit like a cat. horrible in winter, it was always so cold. 7 I think children have to learn not to trust Oh no, perhaps a little animal is hurt ____________ . 8 My sister is terrified of ____________ . somewhere, now I’m (4) ____________ . She believes they are haunted. Jeremy About a cat? Don’t be silly! Helen Don’t you care about animals? That makes me really sad, it’s so (5) ____________ to think that there are people who just don’t care! Jeremy Oh no, sorry, I take it back. I just don’t understand something, it’s a bit (6) ____________ . The noise I heard was nothing like a cat. It was a sort of banging, like someone with a hammer. Helen I didn’t hear that. Now I’m very (7) ____________ about this noise, I don’t understand either! 23

3 English in Context 3 Read the text and complete the sentences 1 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of used to and a verb in the box. with would and a verb from the box. get wear never take off say run call play ride stay not wear have play (x2) be make go hear look up Alex Hi Dad, I was looking for my old When I was a child we lived in a small town in Mississippi. We had an old black and white TV, but I didn’t watch it skateboard in the attic and see what much. We didn’t have lots of electronic gadgets like you kids have nowadays; we didn’t have a computer or I found. a mobile phone. If we wanted to talk to a friend we (1) __’d__c_a_l_l__ them on the house phone, or go round Dad No! I can’t believe it’s still around after all to their house. If we wanted to do some research for school we (2) ____________ (it) in an encyclopedia or we these years! (3) ____________ to the library! When I came back from school, I (4) ____________ myself a peanut butter sandwich Alex Who is this guy with long hair? and I (5) ____________ out to play with my friends. We (6) ____________ basketball in someone’s backyard Dad Me! or we (7) ____________ our bikes. At the weekend we (8) ____________ out till late but in those days parents Alex I can’t believe it! didn’t worry about their kids so much, because they knew everybody on the street. If one of us did something wrong Dad It’s true, (1) _I_u_s_e_d__t_o_h_a_v_e_ really long or had an accident, everybody (9) ____________ about it! hair. I didn’t want to cut it. Your granddad 4 Make adjectives from the verbs given to (2) ____________ really angry! complete the mini dialogues. Alex You’re not wearing glasses. confuse: A The instructions for your mobile are difficult to Dad Well, I had them but I (3) ____________ understand. They’re really (1) _c_o_n__fu_s_i_n_g_ . them. They didn’t go with my image! B I’m not surprised you’re (2) ____________ . Alex Your jacket’s really cool. You’re looking at the instructions for the remote control! Dad Well, I (4) ____________ it all the time. worry: I (5) ____________ (it). I practically slept A Tommy seems really (3) ____________ about in it! It was my rock star look! something. He won’t say what it is. B Yes, it’s very (4) ____________ . He hasn’t Alex (6) ____________ (you) the guitar? eaten his dinner. Dad Well, of course. We all did in those days. scare: You won’t believe it, but A We went to see that new Japanese horror film. B Was it (5) ____________ ? I (7) ____________ in a band! B I wasn’t (6) ____________ , but Jess was! Alex No! You’ve never mentioned it before! terrify: A I’m really (7) ____________ of spiders. Dad Well, it was only for about a year. B Me too. I saw lots when I went camping. Alex Were you good at it? They’d crawl over our sleeping bags. It was (8) ____________ . Dad Yes, people (8) ____________ I was quite depress: talented. A It’s been raining all day and I can’t go out. It’s Alex Why didn’t you carry on? really (9) ____________ ! B There’s no need to be (10) ____________ ! Dad We (9) ____________ a lot and the band Let’s watch a film! broke up. upset: Alex What happened to your guitar? A Jake’s (11) ____________ because his cat died Dad It’s in the attic somewhere. last night. B It’s really (12) ____________ when pets die. 2 Look at an old photo of your mum or dad and write about their appearance, clothes and hobbies.24

5 P ut the letters in brackets into the correct 3 order to complete the dialogues. Sum up! Tod What’s wrong with Amy? She seems 6 Underline the correct words in the sentences. really (1) _m__i_se_r_a_b_l_e_ (bmsireale). 1 When he was little he use to / ’d play for hours Scott Yes, she’s really (2) ____________ with that car. (eddesspre). She’s fallen out with her 2 My brother used to / would be scared of best friend. snakes. 3 I use / used to like classical music. Mum What’s the matter? 4 My mum would / used to make us fish on Tania I’m (3) ____________ (sianoux) about Fridays and roast chicken on Sundays. 5 I used to / used be really shy, I’m not anymore. going to the dentist. 6 My sister used to wearing / wear glasses. Mum There’s no need to be (4) ____________ 7 They didn’t use / used to eat vegetables. They do now. (wdorrei). It’s only a check up. 8 Did your parents used / use to give you pocket money when you were little? 7 Underline the correct answer. Something (1) scary / scared happened when we went camping. We were laughing and chatting in our tent when (2) suddenly / then we heard a terrible noise. After (3) a while / at first we thought it was a wild animal or something like that. We were really (4) frightened / frightening. (5) Then / When everything went quiet, (6) but / so (7) after a while / at first we went outside to have a look. Guess what we saw? There was a snake next to the fire. We were dead (8) petrified / scared! Andy Are you (5) ____________ (nseurvo) Translate! about the show tomorrow? 8 Translate the following sentences into your own Carol (6) ____________ (Pdeetriif)! I haven’t sung in public before. language. Alice That beautiful old house has been empty 1 When my mum was a child, she was very for years. It’s (7) ____________ (das). serious and she used to study too much. Emma I think it’s really (8) ____________ (perecy)! _________________________________________ 2 My grandfather didn’t use to have a mobile phone when he was younger. _________________________________________ 3 Girls didn’t use to play football in the 50s. _________________________________________ 4 I’m really nervous about tomorrow’s test. _________________________________________ 5 What was that noise? _________________________________________ 6 Empty houses are really creepy. _________________________________________ 7 Suddenly, I heard a noise and I ran outside. _________________________________________ 8 I used to believe in Father Christmas as a child. _________________________________________ 25

3 Vocabulary BuilderUsing gerunds as subjects Talking about when things happen in a story In this Unit we’ve encountered these expressions: When we tell a story, we often describe events in playing with toys going to bed early the order in which they occurred, although some things happen in an unexpected way. It is useful Even though the expression is made up of several to use linkers or words that connect events in time. They help the reader to understand and words, it can function as the subject of the follow the story more easily. sentence: 3 Put the phrases below into the correct column. Playing with toys is good for children’s at first after a while straight away finally some time later the next (day, week…) development. in the end a short time later not much after Going to bed early is fine if you’re tired, but boring if you’re not. When the subject of a sentence is a multi-word activity and not just a single word, we use the -ing form of the verb followed by its complements. 1 Rewrite the following sentences making the verb Indicates the at first and its complement the subject of the sentence. beginning of a phase 1 It’s healthy to eat sensible, well-balanced meals. Indicates that a lot Eating sensible, well-balanced meals is healthy. of time passed 2 I think it’s scary to walk through dark woods at night. Indicates that not _________________________________________ much time passed 3 It’s great fun to sit around with friends telling stories. Indicates final phase _________________________________________ 4 I find it depressing to stay at home alone in front 4 Use phrases from the box in exercise 3 to of the TV. _________________________________________ complete the story. More than one may be 5 It’s good for people to take care of a pet. possible. _________________________________________ 6 It’s upsetting to listen to people shouting at each A strange thing happened to me a few weeks other. ago. I was driving home after work and it _________________________________________ was dark. (1) _A_t__fi_rs_t_ I was quite relaxed. I was 7 It helps children to develop if they listen to enjoying listening to the radio. It started to classical music. rain heavily, and (2) ___________ I realised that _________________________________________ the road was starting to flood. Everything happened really quite quickly. I saw the floodingWord families: art and (3) ___________ I saw a man standing on 2 Look at the words in the box and, using your the road waving his hands. Of course I stopped (4) ___________ and opened the car window, dictionary if necessary, try to put them into the but he didn’t speak. He made gestures with correct column in the table. Some words may his arms to tell me not to continue and to go in more than one column. turn back. Of course I thought he was sent by the local council or police, so I did as he chapter close up documentary landscape suggested. I had to take a long detour to get portrait movement rhythm contents character home, so I started on my journey and drove and drove. (5) ___________ I finally made it home. tune black and white still life introduction (6) ___________ morning I called my friend at cover credits theme tune soundtrack band the council to thank him for taking action and he told me that they hadn’t sent anyone.Books Film Music Photography Painting I described the man and he went silent.chapter I kept asking why and (7) ___________ he said: ‘You just described Bob Evans. He died twelve years ago in a flood on that road!’26

3SkillsReadingFan fiction is a story written online, by fans or admirers forother fans, based on the characters and plot of an original story.There are a number of websites dedicated to this. 1 Read Anthony’s fan fiction story ‘Frankenstein – the true story’. Who does Axel like?Henry Clerval is a genetic engineer. He’s very ambitious and wantsto create the perfect human being using genetic engineering, electrical impulses and the bodies of dead people.He rents a big, old house which people think is haunted, so that local people will not disturb him. He has a heartcondition and at first he is worried he will not have the strength to make his creature, but Victor Frankenstein, achemistry teacher from the local high school agrees to help him. The problem is they don’t know where to get thebody parts they need. Then one day, there is an accident. Late one night, four teenage boys driving home froma club crash near their house. When the accident happens there is nobody around so Clerval and Frankensteinimmediately take the bodies to their laboratory. They now have enough body parts to create the perfect human.One day, Victor is in his laboratory working on the creature when his girlfriend, Elizabeth, suddenly appears.When she sees the body parts she is horrified. Victor tries to explain what he is doing, and she gives him anultimatum, the creature or her. In the meantime, Dr Clerval discovers that one of the arms they plan to useis not genetically compatible. He is so upset that he has a heart attack and dies. When Victor discovers hispartner’s body he decides to finish the creature in his memory. He tells Elizabeth his decision and she leaveshim. Victor carries out a brain transplant straight away, so now the creature has Clerval’s brain.When Frankenstein removes the bandages, he sees the creature he has created is not a monster but a very good-looking man. Frankenstein is so happy with him that after a while takes him to meet his friends. He calls thecreature Axel and says he is German. The creature is a great success. In fact lots of girls fall madly in love with him.But Axel only likes one girl, Elizabeth, Victor’s ex-girlfriend. One day, they go for a walk, it’s a very hot day and shesees Axel’s arm and realises he is not a human being but a monster and she is very frightened. Terrified, she getsin her car and drives away. She refuses to see Axel anymore. She doesn’t answer his texts or his phone calls. Axelbecomes very depressed and stops eating. Not long after he becomes very ill and he dies of a broken heart. 2 P Choose the correct option a, b or c. Writing 1 a Clerval cannot work because he is ill. 3 P Write your own fan fiction ending to this b Clerval and Frankenstein work together. c Clerval works in a high school. story. Begin with the following words: 2 a Clerval and Victor use the bodies of some teenagers. When Frankenstein removes the bandages… b Clerval and Victor save the lives of some teenagers. Listening c Clerval and Victor can’t find any bodies to use. 4 4 P Maria is looking at photos of her 3 a Clerval makes the creature. b Frankenstein becomes ill and dies. boyfriend Tony when he was a child. c Frankenstein makes the creature. Listen and choose the correct answer. 4 a Frankenstein marries Elizabeth. b Frankenstein and Elizabeth split up. 1 Tony’s hair c Elizabeth and Axel get married. 5 a First Elizabeth likes Axel then she is afraid of a wasn’t curly. b was curly. c was straight. him. b First Elizabeth is afraid of Axel then she likes 2 When Tony was little he him. c First Axel loves Elizabeth then he is afraid of a did more sport. b did less sport. her. 6 a Frankenstein dies. c didn’t do any sport. b Elizabeth dies. c Axel dies. 3 Tony was a a good footballer. b not a very good player. c the best player. 4 When Tony was a child he was a fat. b thin. c thinner. 5 Maria a doesn’t go swimming. b goes swimming twice a week. c doesn’t have time to go swimming. 27