Ultimate_B1+_Grammar

English GRAMMAR B1+



Contents Present simple, present continuous, stative verbs Unit 1a Comparison of adjectives and adverbs Grammar review pages 4–8 Use your English Unit 1b Past simple and past continuous, used to, be/get used to Grammar review pages 9–11 Use your English page 12 Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous, past page 13 simple and present perfect simple Grammar review Unit 2 Use your English Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous, past perfect pages 14–19 tenses and past simple page 20 Grammar review page 21 Use your English Future simple, be going to, future continuous, future perfect Unit 3 simple, future perfect continuous, temporals Grammar review pages 22–27 Use your English page 28 page 29 Modals Grammar review Unit 4 Use your English pages 30–35 Conditionals: zero, first, second, third; mixed conditionals page 36 Grammar review page 37 Use your English Unit 5 Wishes and preferences pages 38–43 Gerunds and infinitives page 44 Grammar review page 45 Use your English Unit 6 Reported speech Grammar review pages 46–51 Use your English page 52 page 53 The passive: tenses, modals, personal and impersonal structures Unit 7 Causative forms Grammar review pages 54–59 Use your English page 60 Spelling rules page 61 Irregular verbs Unit 8a pages 62–65 Unit 8b pages 66–69 page 70 page 71 Unit 9 pages 72–79 page 80 page 81 Unit 10a pages 82–86 Unit 10b pages 87–91 page 92 page 93 page 94 pages 95-96 3

Present simple, present continuous, a stative verbs 1 Read and match the verb phrases in bold (1–6) to the uses (A–C). Facts about selfies n People 1 take 90 million selfies every day. A facts 1 The average age of selfie-takers is 23 years old. B habits and routines C changing situation n The first photographic selfie 2 dates back to 1839. n In 2013, ‘selfie’ was named ‘word of the year’ by The Oxford English Dictionary. n Smartphones 3 become top sellers based on their selfie camera quality. n Your favourite pose 4 reveals a lot about your personality. For example, those who look directly into the camera tend to be more sociable. n Taking selfies 5 is becoming a dangerous addiction these days. According to statistics, women 6 usually take more selfies than men. 4

a Present simple Form Use Example He works as a web designer. I / You / We / They eat. • general truths and permanent situations Plants give us oxygen. He / She / It eats. What time do you usually wake up? • facts and laws of nature I / You / We / They do not eat. The online meeting starts at nine He / She / It does not eat. • h abits and routines (often with adverbs o’clock. of frequency) The player kicks the ball and scores Do I / you / we / they eat? a goal. Does he / she / it eat? • timetables and programmed events in the future Short forms do not = don’t • r eviews, stories and sports does not = doesn’t commentaries Time expressions Adverbs of frequency We often use these time expressions with the present We often use the present simple with adverbs of simple: every morning/month, in the afternoon/evening, frequency such as: always, usually, often, sometimes, at night, at the weekend, on Fridays, in (the) summer, in rarely, hardly ever, seldom, etc. These should be placed March, once/twice/three times a week, etc. either before the main verb or after the verb to be. We update the site every week. Julie never posts selfies on social media. Dave is always late for dinner. Present continuous Form Use Example • a ctions happening at the time of Don’t disturb your father – he’s talking I am eating. to his boss. You / We / They are eating. speaking I’m saving up to buy a new laptop. He / She / It is eating. • temporary situations Smartphones are getting cheaper. I am not eating. • changing situations You / We / They are not eating. You’re always complaining about my He / She / It is not eating. • a nnoying habits (often with adverbs cooking. Why don’t you do it next time? like always, forever, continuously, etc.) Are you leaving early tomorrow Am I eating? morning? Are you / we / they eating? • plans and arrangements in the future Is he / she / it eating? Short forms I am not = I’m not is not = isn’t are not = aren’t Time expressions We often use these time expressions with the present continuous: now, right now, at the moment, today/ tonight, these days, this month, at present, nowadays, for now, for the time being. I’m downloading some files at the moment. Stative verbs Stative verbs describe states, not actions, and we do not use them in continuous tenses when we are describing something that is happening now. Stative verbs Examples The kitchen smells of fish. ✓ • verbs which describe the senses: see, hear, smell, taste, feel, The kitchen is smelling of fish. ✗ look, etc. I don’t understand what you mean. ✓ I’m not understanding what you mean. ✗ • verbs which describe ways of thinking: believe, understand, I enjoy playing video games. ✓ know, think, remember, notice, realise, etc. I’m enjoying playing video games. ✗ Does he own that car? ✓ • verbs which describe emotions: dislike, enjoy, hate, love, like, Is he owning that car? ✗ mind, prefer, etc. • other verbs: be, belong, appear, cost, seem, need, own, want, weigh, etc. 5

a Present simple, present continuous, stative verbs Some verbs have two meanings: one that describes an action and one that describes a state. When they are action verbs, we can use them in continuous tenses. Compare: Present simple Present continuous She appears to be busy with homework. My sister is appearing in a school play. (give the impression) (action of performing in a play, concert, on TV, etc.) She is creative and ambitious. She’s being annoying. (used to describe usual behaviour/character) (used to describe temporary behaviour) The material of these jeans feels rough – it’s making The nurse is feeling the patient’s forehead to see if it’s hot. my legs itch! (action of touching on purpose) (have a certain texture) We’re having a great time. She has two tablets. (used as part of an expression: e.g. have a party/a meal/ (own, possess) a good time/a shower/etc.) You need more time. I see. I’m seeing Francis next week. (understand) (action of meeting someone) This chocolate cake smells wonderful. The woman is smelling the perfume on her wrist. (have a particular smell) (action of smelling) These biscuits taste horrible – I can’t eat them! The chef is tasting the sauce to see if it’s spicy. (have a particular taste) (action of tasting) Some people think that social media are not good Hugh is thinking of downloading a new app. for young people. (action of using your mind) (believe, have an opinion) 2 Circle the correct answers. 1 Why do you always make / are you always making negative comments on my posts? 2 I think / am thinking you are wrong. 3 Sonia uploads / is uploading at least three selfies every day. 4 I write / ’m writing to thank you for the birthday wishes. 5 Robbie works / is working as a digital marketing specialist in WebEx Software. 6 It seems / is seeming that most people edit their photos before they share them online. 7 More and more people work / are working from home these days. 8 How do you use / are you using hashtags in social media? 9 Bob has become addicted to the web and spends / is spending most of his free time online. 10 This bird species only lives / is living in Australia. 11 First you slice / are slicing the potatoes and then you fry / are frying them. 12 Billy and Teresa run / are running a marathon this Sunday. 6

a 3 Complete. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 1 think don’t think (not) I can spend any more I time online. I must log off. They of creating a new website for their company. 2 see We John at the cinema later this evening. Teens (not) how increased screen time can affect their sleep. 3 feel I’ve used this new shampoo, and my hair really soft. I the fabric of the shirt to see what it’s made of. 4 smell Why (you) the cheese? Is there something wrong? Mmm, dinner delicious! 5 have He is a brave man. He a lot of courage. Hi everyone! (you) a good time? 6 appear At present she as Juliet at the Royal Theatre. She (not) to be surprised at the news. 7 be Will you stop that noise? You really annoying! The party at 7.00 pm this Friday. 8 taste I the food to see if it needs more salt. I don’t like mint ice cream because it like toothpaste. 4 Complete. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 1 Belinda feels (feel) bad about what she’s done. 2 Marion (rarely / use) the Internet to look up TIPS information. She (prefer) going to the library. Remember: we use 3 I (think) of starting my own YouTube channel. always with the present simple to describe a 4 Why (young people / use) social media? habit. We use it with the present continuous to 5 We (have) a party this Saturday, and you’re welcome describe an annoying to come. habit. Compare: Alice always works on 6 What (this word / mean)? Saturdays. (habit) Dad is always telling 7 (you / realise) how important this is to me? me to reduce my screen time. (annoying habit) 8 Doris (always / check) if someone has liked her posts. 9 She (usually / stream) live video on YouTube, but this week she (upload) her videos on TikTok. 10 What’s the matter? Why (you / cry)? 7

a Present simple, present continuous, stative verbs 5 Complete the dialogues. Use the present simple or the present continuous. Hi! How are you? 1 A: How often do you make video calls? (how often / you / make video calls?) B: Every day. 2 A: (what / you / think about?) B: Tomorrow’s meeting. I’m not sure I’m ready for it. 3 A: (why / Oliver / look / upset?) B: I don’t know. Something must have happened to him. 4 A: (when / you / see / Ken?) B: Tomorrow morning. We’re going fishing! 5 A: You look great tonight. (you / go / somewhere?) B: Yes. I’m going out to dinner. 6 A: (what / you / think / about this new app?) B: It’s useful, but a bit complicated. 7 A: (what time / you / leave / tomorrow?) B: My flight leaves at 11.30 am, but I must be at the airport two hours before. 8 A: (why / teens / go to bed late?) B: Because they spend long hours on social media at night. 6 Read and choose the correct answers. Ready to TikTok? With each passing day, video sharing applications 1 into the most popular social media platforms in the world. TikTok is a good example of a popular media app that can be used for creating and sharing short dance, comedy and talent videos. This specific application 2 users to create videos lasting 3 to 15 minutes. Videos 3 fun to watch and fun to make. After you have done it once, video sharing definitely 4 addictive. More and more people 5 these platforms which already have millions of active users worldwide. But what makes video sharing so popular? Video sharing applications 6 users because their content is entertaining. As of 2019, TikTok has been downloaded over one billion times. As the platform 7 , it’s attracting the interest of popular brands and celebrities. When Will Smith joined TikTok, he had over five million people following him within a few weeks. According to statistics, the average user 8 52 minutes per day on the TikTok app. 1 A are growing B is growing C grow 2 A allow B is allowing C allows 3 A usually are B are usually C are usually being 4 A become B is becoming C becomes 5 A use B do they use C are using 6 A attracts B attract C attracting 7 A growing B grow C is growing 8 A spends B is spending C spending 8

b Comparison of adjectives and adverbs 1 Read and match the text in bold (1–5) to the forms (A–E). Digital life A comparative adjective (irregular) 1 B comparative adverb (regular) 1 Nmbpeeruetwltvtiiepsorlmuespachrmaotmpotohdesoernaltsesh.satanwkieth C superlative adjective (regular) 2 TtshhmeeapmrtinpokhsotiPnehexopinneetnhwseaivsweorld D superlative adjective (irregular) E superlative adverb (regular) in 2019. 3 Wyouhicthhinskmhaarstpthhoenewdoorst battery life? 4 Isuftqrmsyuaionaincugrsktfcplaeyohrcnotyanhnobeeaulcenrtt,ofoyiylonyeoousuBurmcrluaPeontCroeoth. 5 Tdcheaesnigmbneoesfdotlsdcmeldeavruetppr.hlyones 9

b Comparison of adjectives and adverbs Comparison of adjectives and adverbs Regular Comparative Superlative Regular Comparative Superlative adjectives form form adverbs form form short shorter the shortest fast faster the fastest brave braver the bravest slowly more slowly the most slowly big bigger the biggest busy busier the busiest Irregular Comparative Superlative interesting more interesting the most interesting adverbs form form well better the best Irregular Comparative Superlative badly worse the worst adjectives form form hard harder the hardest good better the best fast faster the fastest bad worse the worst late later the latest many more the most early earlier the earliest much more the most high higher the highest little less the least far farther/further the farthest/furthest far farther/further the farthest/furthest Other comparative structures as + adjective/adverb + as • w hen two people, animals or things are My Internet connection is as slow the same as yours. not as + adjective/adverb + as • w hen two people, animals or things are Your laptop isn’t as old as Diane’s. not the same less + adjective/adverb (+ than) • w hen a person, animal or thing has a This video game is less challenging quality to a smaller degree than another than the one we played yesterday. comparative + and + comparative • w hen something is increasing or Social media apps are getting more decreasing all the time and more popular. the + comparative, the + • w hen a change in one thing depends on The more exciting the film is, the comparative a change in something else more I like it. • We usually use than after comparative adjectives and adverbs. Paul is six months older than his best friend. She was more seriously injured than I thought. • W e can use both -er/-est and more/the most with some two-syllable adjectives (clever, common, friendly, narrow, quiet, simple, etc.). The exam was simpler/more simple than they expected. • We often use the phrases of all and in the world after superlative adjectives. It was the most embarrassing moment of all. It’s the most astonishing view in the world. 2 Complete. Use the comparative or superlative form of the words in brackets. 1 What is the safest social media app for young teens? (safe) 2 Laura was speaker of all at the conference. (confident) 3 The traffic in the city centre is than it's ever been. (bad) 4 My new flat is from the bus stop than the previous one, so I have to get up in the morning. (far, early) 5 How can we upload long videos on YouTube ? (easily) 6 Which plants grow of all? (slowly) 7 You should be when you download software from the Internet. (careful) 8 What is the way to increase traffic to a website? (good) 9 Addiction to video games must be taken if they are to be a healthy pastime. (seriously) 10 The we become to the web, the less healthy we are. (addicted) 10

3 Form comparative or superlative adverbs from these b adjectives and complete the sentences. 11 fast good high late quiet tasteful 1 The bedroom was the most tastefully decorated room in the house. 2 She began to walk , and I couldn’t keep up with her. 3 Could you please speak ? Dan is studying for next week’s exam. 4 Sam scored of all in the spelling test. 5 Applications should be sent by email by next Monday at . 6 This app works on tablets than on smartphones. 4 Circle the correct answers. 1 The more time / As much time as you spend online, the more addicted you become. 2 It takes me less as / than five minutes to walk to work. 3 The longer I play this video game, the most / the more exciting it becomes. 4 Business apps are not as harder / hard to use as they were a few years ago. 5 Do people get tired more easy / more easily when they grow older? 6 Steve can solve maths problems more quickly / quicklier than anyone else in class. 7 The blogger’s posts aren’t as interesting as / than they usually are. 8 Look! Those colourful kites are flying high / higher and higher. 5 C omplete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the word given. Do not change the word. Use between two and five words. 1 Which app do you like most? BEST you think is the best app? Which do 2 This new video game is more entertaining than anything else I’ve played so far. MOST This new video game one I’ve played so far. 3 I prefer digital cameras to smartphones for taking pictures. MORE I like smartphones for taking pictures. 4 Your smartphone is slimmer than mine. NOT My smartphone yours. 5 Does a web designer earn more than an illustrator? LESS Does an illustrator a web designer? 6 Online courses are gaining popularity. BECOMING Online courses popular. 7 Light laptops are easy to carry. LIGHTER The they are to carry. 8 Jill is a more fluent speaker of Italian than Tim. AS Tim doesn’t speak Italian Jill.

Grammar review Choose the correct answers. 1 I online newspapers because there’s no limit to 11 Mark me late at night. I find it very annoying! the number of articles you can read. A is always texting B always texts A read usually C always texting B usually read D always text C am usually reading D usually am reading 12 She is certainly influencer on Instagram. A the more popular 2 The next train to Liverpool from platform 12. B the most popular A is departing C as popular B departing D a much popular C depart D departs 13 He to be very busy. A is appearing 3 This new iPad model is slightly smaller mine. B appearing A by C appears B as D is appear C than D of 14 The younger you are when you start learning a foreign language, you will speak it. 4 One of experiences I’ve ever had was skiing in the French Alps. A the more good B the most best A the most amazing C the better B the more amazing D the best C more amazing D most amazing 15 I’m impressed by Kate’s presentation. I didn’t know she could speak so and confidently. 5 Who can run the , you or me? A farer A more clear B farest B most clearly C farther C the most clearly D farthest D clearly 6 How from the previous one? 16 The young actress is gaining followers on social A is varying the new game media. B does the new game vary C does vary the new game A more and more D varies the new game B the most C the more 7  that Instagram is better than Snapchat for D more than a number of reasons. 17 What of our new website? Is it well designed A I’m thinking and user-friendly? B I think C I thinking A do you think D I’m think B you are thinking C are you thinking 8 ‘Did you enjoy the film last night?’ D you think ‘Yes, very much. It’s film I’ve seen lately.’ 18 Is your job than you imagined at first? A as good as A as stressful B the better B less stressful C better than C more stressfully D the best D as stressfully 9 At the moment we our website to make it more 19 I love her perfume. It like vanilla. mobile-friendly. A is smelling B smell A update C smelling B are updating D smells C updating D are update 20 How many comments per day? A she posts 10 Smartwatches are not they used to be. B is she posting A more expensive C she is posting B so expensive D does she post C expensive as D as expensive as 12

Use your English 1 C omplete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the word given. Do not change the word. Use between two and five words. 1 It’s unusual for Anna to post negative comments on social media. USUALLY Anna negative comments on social media. 2 What’s your opinion of the new platform? the new platform? THINK What 3 It’s ten o’clock now and the meeting is at twelve. two hours. IN The meeting 4 What is the effect of social media on young people? young people? AFFECT How 5 Web cameras are not as expensive as they used to be. they used to be. LESS Web cameras are 6 Whose tablet is this? to? DOES Who 2 Read and complete the text. Write one word in each gap. Photo vs mirror Why do we look prettier in the mirror 1 in photographs? Is it the angle, the lighting or the pose? Is what we see in a mirror the same as what we would see in a photograph? Not exactly. That’s because our face is actually not as symmetrical 2 we think it is. Even the 3 stylish selfie doesn’t look as good as our face is in real life. We tend to spend 4 time looking at our faces in a mirror than in photographs, and that becomes the preferred version of our face. That’s why we feel that we look 5 in real life than in photographs. Cameras do not work in the same way as the human eye does. For example, 6 longer the camera lens is, the slimmer we look. A shorter camera lens makes our faces look a little wider. Some facial features, for example our noses, look 7 attractive than we would like when we are too close to the camera. Take that selfie, but don’t be disappointed if you don’t look 8 beautiful as you do in the mirror! You need to learn to love yourself as you appear, knowing that the image you have of yourself is not the way other people actually see you. 13

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