volume-9, issue-6

under the aegis of Association of Civil Engineering (ACE), VOLUME-9 * ISSUE-6 * JUNE 2022 IE (I) - Civil Engineering Students Chapter, Department of Civil Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam The Interlace Norway's E-39 Coastal highway comment us on nirmaangvpcea.blogspot.com [email protected]

Contents page no. Norway's E-39 Coastal highway 03 The Interlace 05 News Feed 07 Fun zone 0088 Announcements 0099 Our Team CHIEF EDITOR : D. JASWANTH (19131A0122) PUBLISHING CHIEF EDITORS : B. DATTATREYA (19131A0106) COVER DESIGN : G. SAI NITHISHA (19131A0130) FACULTY CO-ORDINATOR MENTOR & PROFESSOR-INCHARGE : Y. HARIKA (19131A0197) (STUDENTS' CHAPTERS) : K. S. S. K. MUKUND (20131A0152) : G. ISAAC (21135A0104) : CH. E. JOSEPH PAUL (20131A0122) : P. MANMADHARAO (20131A0170) : Dr. G. SANTOSH KUMAR : Prof. Dr. MANCHIKANTI SRINIVAS

Norway's E-39 Coastal highway Norway is known for its high cliffs and deep fjords. Between Kristiansand in the South and Trondheim in the North, there is no continuous route. The journey is interrupted by ferry stops and fjord crossings. It would take 21 hours and seven ferry crossings to get there. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) has proposed a USD $46 billion Coastal Highway E39 project to make that journey easier. According to Arianna Minoretti, Chief Engineer at the NPRA, it is the largest infrastructure project in modern Norwegian history. The goal is to cut travel time by half. It will be accomplished by constructing a series of bridges and tunnels across, through and beneath the landscape to replace ferries. Here the fjords are deep, which means traditional bridges, with pillars to the bottom, are not possible. The first in a series of crossings connecting Stavanger and Haugesund is the \"Rogfast or Boknafjord\" tunnel. Construction on the USD $2 billion project began in January 2018 and is expected to be completed in 2026. E39 Rogfast will be a twin-tube road tunnel that will run north of Stavanger and cross Boknafjorden and Kvitsyfjorden, replacing the current ferry service across Boknafjorden. The twin tunnels will span 27 kilometres and have a diameter of 10.5 metres and a maximum depth of 392 metres below sea level. The tunnel will have two lanes on either sides, with passages every 250 metres to provide for quick evacuation in case of an emergency. Six longitudinal ventilation shafts make up the tunnel, three of which will be used for clean air and three for contaminated air. For easy access to the island of Kvitsy via road, the tunnel will have a connection in the centre. Two roundabouts will be reached from the junction's entry and exit ramps that are located above the tunnel ceiling. It is anticipated that throughout the tunnel's construction, up to 8.5 million cubic metres of rock will be removed. It is set to be the longest and deepest subsea road tunnel in the world. The next crossing is Bjornafjord, which is located south of Bergen and is 5km wide and 600m deep. A proposal for a floating bridge that is anchored to the land at both ends has been made to cross this difficult stretch of water. Next comes Sulafjord, a 4 km long waterway that requires a bridge to be built over. For this crossing, there were 2 possible solutions. The first is for a suspension bridge with three towers, two of which are anchored to the ground and the third to the seafloor, around 400 metres below sea level. It is the biggest challenge for engineers. An alternative design for a \"submerged floating tunnel\" would use two connected tubes running side by side and being attached to the Nirmaan | 3

seabed by means of strong cables in order to get over this problem. The tunnel, which would be submerged in the Norwegian Sea, might be the first underwater floating tunnel ever built. Similar to the Rogfast project, a 16km undersea tunnel will be needed to cross the Romsdalsfjord from Alesund to Midsund. The most complex of all of the coastal highway crossings is that at Sognefjord - also known as the “King of the Fjords”. With a width of almost 3.7 km and a depth of 1.3 km, it is the largest and deepest fjord in Norway. Any crossing must permit a clear shipping lane with a minimum width of 400m, 70m of clearance above the water's surface, and a minimum depth of 20m. The project team is looking at a wide range of potential options to deliver this. A typical suspension bridge is the first option. The two towers at either end of such a construction would need to be 450m tall in order to support the suspension bridge, which would be built to be twice as long as the longest bridge in the world right now. The second, a series of studies from the Centre for Advanced Structural Analysis (CASA) at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), may lead to a completely new kind of water crossing. That is Submerged Floating Tube Bridge (SFTB). It consists of two concrete tubes that are sunk roughly 100 feet under the water. Utilizing real explosives, the NPRA and NTNU's CASA are examining how tubular concrete structures respond to internal blast loads. The testing will enable the crew to better understand what would happen to the tunnel's structural elements in hypothetical situations such as an explosion inside a truck transporting hazardous material. The Norwegian navy uses the fjords as a training ground, therefore there are additional hazards of ship or submarine collisions. If the structure's weight and buoyancy are evenly distributed, a submerged floating tunnel can last indefinitely. Though the floating tunnel is buoyant, it isn’t actually floating. The tubes would be stabilised by pontoons floating on the surface or by cables attached to the seabed at intervals of around 800 feet. “We conducted the first experiments using five-centimetre-thick, unreinforced concrete plates. They were exposed to a 7-bar pressure wave. We chose this pressure because we found it in the standard specification texts published by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration. To our surprise, very little happened,” says Post-doctoral fellow Martin Kristoffersen, in NTNU’s Department of Structural Engineering. “We have done simulations for big explosions in the tunnel, we’ve checked for impacts of submarines, we covered scenarios where a trawler might hook onto the tunnel, and we even considered if a ship might be sinking at the surface and hit the tunnel on the way down,” said Nils Erik Anders Rønnquist, a Professor of Structural Engineering at the NTNU, who is consulting on the project for the government. The submerged floating tube bridge is certainly an engineering marvel. Cities around the nation will be more connected than ever before, making it simpler for citizens to access hospitals, schools, and jobs. The massive coastal highway project in Norway is expected to raise the bar for engineering ability and serve as a template for future infrastructure initiatives around the globe. Source:- shorturl.at/djvBF shorturl.at/lotEM shorturl.at/nvFMY shorturl.at/azH02 shorturl.at/gpEUV shorturl.at/qxADQ shorturl.at/dpwAK Nirmaan | 4

The Interlace A Contemporary Architectural design Just imagine a situation in which you have to put 1,040 apartments in an eight-hectare location with a 24-storey height limit. In general, many architects would simply build 12 towers with 24 floors each. Ole Scheeren, the lead architect for the Interlace, did something different in which he laid 31 “building blocks” horizontally in a unique hexagonal arrangement that provides for green areas, community spaces and less obstructed views of the surroundings. The result is a 170,000 sq.m residential complex conceived as a “vertical village” that offers interconnected living, along with recreational and social spaces, which was the winner of the Best building design in 2015. This is the result of out-of-the-box thinking by a bright architect who doesn't want to stick to traditional designs. The Structural conception is simple. The objective of the structural design is to present a structural system that will enhance flexibility in the architectural layout while achieving a buildable design within the optimum time of construction for the project. The Interlace residential development generally consists of 31 interconnected 6- story blocks or taller superblocks that are stacked together in a staggered arrangement based on a hexagonal grid. The 31 blocks are arranged on four main ‘Super-levels’ comprising 24 stories. Each 6-story block is approximately 70m long, 15m wide and 20m high. Six main pillars run through the intersection of the buildings to the top. All the pillars are arranged in the shape of hexagons and are called cores. Between the six pillars, staircases, lifts and common lobbies are placed. The junctions created between two buildings act as common passages thus saving up space as well as removing the need for two entries to the building and also common cores act as anchor points for the rotation of the buildings which leads to the formation of hanging gardens. The landscape master plan is generated from a series of environmental Sun, wind and micro-climate studies, which respond to the existing site conditions and arrangement of the blocks. Eight courtyards with individual landscaped identities are defined within the heart of the project and form focal points and orienting devices for the surrounding blocks. The buildings are tilted at an angle which influences factors like community interaction, formation of public gardens and protection from the Sun in addition to a unique view for each resident. Interlocking blocks create exciting indoor and outdoor spaces that connect individual apartments to its vibrant community life. Multiple levels also create a sense of freedom of possibilities of living. Large gaps between the zig-zag stacked blocks allow not only for a robust distance between the units but also for views of the tropical jungle beyond. Nirmaan | 5

The name, the Interlace, reinforces the interconnectivity of the community with the surrounding natural environment. The Interlace is 112% green than any other apartment building in Singapore. Accordingly, the apartment has a maximum presence of nature than other places and buildings. It shows the presence of nature and greenery with extensive sky terraces, balconies, and roof gardens. Two types of roof garden spaces are provided – Sky Gardens located where there are blocks overhead, and private roof gardens located on roofs open to the sky. The Sky Gardens offer a variety of public programs and can be used by all residents. Panoramic views across and beyond the site are offered throughout the project, given the advantageous site elevation, massing and overall height. Views from Superlevel 2 Sky Gardens will be at the top of the tree canopy; therefore, creating a more enclosed feeling and a focus on the foreground. Views from Superlevel 3 & 4 will be well above the surrounding tree canopy, offering distant panoramic views of Singapore’s CBD and the Sentosa coastline towards the sea. Water bodies have been strategically placed within defined wind corridors. This allows evaporative cooling to happen along the wind paths, reducing local air temperatures and improving the thermal comfort of outdoor recreation spaces. The Interlace works through environmental analysis. Scheeren included sustainability features in the project with careful environmental analysis and integration of low-impact passive energy methods. Site-specific environmental studies, such as wind, solar analysis and also micro-climate conditions were carried out to determine strategies for landscape design. Thus, Interlace tells the story of living in a community interlaced with greenery while protecting the individuality itself. Source: https://archinect.com/features/article/91729/showcase-the-interlace-by-oma https://fliphtml5.com/civpj/fnqw/basic https://www.slideshare.net/hamzaaaaaah/the-interlace-singapore https://www.archdaily.com/627887/the-interlace-oma-2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uD0xBCG6LSs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytZaN5s4RAg&t=637s Ole Scheeren Lead Architect-Interlace \"Sustainable design is about creating buildings as suecosystems\"-Ric Butt, Environmental Architect & builder Nirmaan | 6

News Feed 1.Andhra Pradesh: JNTU-A to offer M.Tech programme in bridge and tunnel engineering. [ Source- http://surl.li/chyao ] 2. The mud brick house in Tamil Nadu challenges traditional notions of construction. [ Source- http://surl.li/chyay ] 3. IIT Gandhinagar researchers develop a framework to reduce the damages caused by cyclones to power transmission systems. [ Source-http://surl.li/chysy ] 4.Central Railway bags national award for environment and cleanliness. [ Source-http://surl.li/chytw ] 5. New algorithm could simplify decisions for ship channel dredging. [ Source-http://surl.li/chyuk ] 6. Researchers harness the power of a new solid-state thermal technology. [ Source-http://surl.li/chyuw ] 7. Scientists use recycled glass waste as sand replacement in 3D printing. [ Source-http://surl.li/chyvl ] 8. Future of Tunnelling | New underground routes for Toronto’s light rail system [ Source-http://surl.li/chyvz ] 9. National Highways’ M27 smart motorway upgrade complete. [ Source-http://surl.li/chywm ] 10.New discovery in animal exoskeletons leads to advances in designing construction materials [ Source-http://surl.li/chyxe ] Nirmaan | 7

FUN ZONE CROSSW ORD Solve the crossword given below DOWN SOLUTION ACROSS 1.The term EI called as 4.Property of a substance that resists abrasion or scratching that causes penetration or 2.The quantity of water retained by indentation the sub-soil against gravity, is known 8.For small discharge and high heads which pump is preferred 3.Time-dependent deformation due to sustained load is called Nirmaan | 8 5.The ability of a material to be drawn or plastically deformed without fractureis called 6. Apparatus which is used to test the Standard consistency of cement 7.Reduction in the volume of a fresh hardened concrete exposed to ambient temp and humidity is

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