Volume-11, Issue-5

under the aegis of Association of Civil Engineering (ACE), IE (I) - Civil Engineering Students Chapter, Department of Civil Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam MTOESDMUHPNELREA VIOSLSUUM E-E5-11 PETRONAS [email protected] TWIN TOWERS NEWS FEED FUN ZONE nirmaangvpcea.blogspot.com

MODHERA SUN TEMPLE 3 PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS 5 FUN ZONE 7 NEWS FEED 8 ANNOUNCEMENT PAGE 9 CONTENTS OOUURR TTEEAAMM CHIEF EDITOR : G. ISAAC (21135A0104) PUBLICITY CHIEF : CH. E. JOSEPH PAUL (20131A0122) CONTENT HEAD : K. S. S. K. MUKUND (20131A0152) SENIOR EDITOR : P. MANMADHARAO (20131A0170) EDITORS : R.MAHESH BABU (21131A0195) : Y.VENNELA (21131A01B5) : B. BHAVANA (21131A0134) COVER DESIGN : P.SAI CHARAN (21131A0193) (21131A0145) SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER : L. V. JOSHIKA &PSRTOUDFDEMEEASNENSNTI(TOAC ONLHRUAAMLP&TIBNEOIRDSIE):SProf. Dr. MANCHIKANTI SRINIVAS TABLE OF

MODHERA SUN TEMPLE Garbhagriha with exterior mouldings Sabhamandapa with carved pillars and exterior Massive pillars leading to the stepped tank The Sun Temple of Modhera is a Hindu temple dedicated to the solar eternal god Surya, located in Modhera village, Mehsana district, Gujarat, India. It is situated on the bank of the river Pushpavati. It was built after 1026-27 CE, during the rule of Bhima I of the Annhilwara Chalukya / Solanki dynasty. No worship is offered now at this protected monument maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India. The temple complex has three components: Guḍamanḍapa, (the shrine hall); Sabhamanḍapa, (the assembly hall); and Kunḍa, (the reservoir). The halls have complicatedly carved exteriors and pillars. The reservoir has steps to reach the bottom and numerous small shrines.The construction of the temple began with systematic planning and design. The architects and craftsmen planned the temple layout, including the main shrine, chamber, halls, and surrounding structures. The construction started with the preparation of the foundation. A solid and stable base was created to support the weight of the temple structure. Typically, the foundation was made of stone or brickwork.The craftsmen selected suitable stones for the construction of the temple. In the case of the Modhera Sun Temple, it is primarily built with locally available yellow sandstone, known for its durability and aesthetic appeal. Aerial view of modhera sun temple These carvings would depict various mythological scenes, idols, and tricky patterns. The stone carvings of the Modhera Sun Temple are particularly renowned for their detailed craftsmanship. Once the stones were carved, they were assembled to form the temple structure. The stones were carefully fitted together using interlocking techniques without the use of mortar. This method, known as dry masonry, provided stability to the structure while allowing flexibility to withstand earthquakes. The main shrine, dedicated to the sun god Surya, was the focal point of the temple. It sheltered the idol. The shrine, also known as the garbhagriha, was a sacred space where the main deity was placed. Uttarardh Mahotsav at the Temple

Along with the main structure, the temple was decorated with various decorative elements. This included complex pillars, arches, domes, and ceiling designs. The decorative elements added dignity and beauty to the temple. Once the major construction work was completed, the temple would undergo final changes. This included polishing the stone surfaces, adding color to the carvings, and enhancing the temple with paints, metals, or precious stones.The temple follows the classical Indian architectural style known as Maru-Gurjara (Chaulukya style) architecture. Pillars with semicircular and triangular arches The temple is designed in such a way that it faces the east, allowing the first rays of the rising sun to light up the main idol. The temple is constructed using high-quality yellow sandstone. The main shrine and the sabha mandapa are complicatedly carved and decorated with sculptures and attractive patterns. The assembly hall is an open-air hall with carved pillars. It features 52 pillars, representing the 52 weeks of the year. Each pillar is uniquely designed and showcases sculptures depicting various gods, dancers, and musicians. The chamber encloses the idol of the sun god, Surya. It is a small, square-shaped structure with an entrance on the eastern side. The walls of the garbhagriha are enhanced with beautiful carvings and sculptures. The temple includes a massive, stepped reservoir called the Surya Kund. It is a rectangular-shaped structure with numerous small and large steps. It is enhanced by the presence of 108 small shrines on its steps. The temple is renowned for its intense stone carvings and sculptures. The steps through Kriti torana leads to SURYAKUNDH The walls, pillars, and ceilings of the temple are While the temple itself has received immense designed with artwork depicting various recognition for its stunning design and cultural mythological scenes, deities, and scenes from importance, it hasn't been associated with any everyday life. The architecture of the Modhera Sun specific awards or rewards. The temple is primarily Temple symbolizes the universal connection celebrated for its complicated carvings, intense between the sun, the earth, and human life. It architecture, and role as a major religious and stands as a remarkable example of ancient Indian cultural site in India. It continues to attract visitors temple architecture and attracts tourists and from around the world who appreciate its beauty and devotees from around the world. historical importance. Source:- http://surl.li/htsoc http://surl.li/htsol http://surl.li/htspr

PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS Petronas Twin Towers are one of the magnificent structures that stands tall on the earth of one of the world’s richest cultural diversity a height of 452 meters(1483ft) from the ground with each of the towers having 88 floors which approximately weighs upto 600K tonnes. These twin towers are located in the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. The establishment of the Petronas Twin Tower took 6 years (1992-1998) and cost the country a fortune of RM 6 billion (1.6 billion USD) to complete. This massive structure was built with 899,000 ft² of stainless-steel extrusions and the tower’s interior represents the reputation of Malaysian local handicrafts and weaving patterns. The design of each tower floor plate is based on simple Islamic geometric forms of two interlocking squares, creating a shape of an eight-pointed star. Architecturally, these forms represent the important Islamic principles of unity, harmony, stability, and rationality. These two identical towers are connected through a double-decker sky bridge at the 41st and 42nd floors and take the name after the Malaysian oil company Petronas which has set up its headquarters The Petronas Towers structural in one of the towers system is a tube in tube design. The vision for the Petronas Twin Towers was conceived as a part of Malaysia's efforts to showcase its rapid growth and development on the global stage. The project was commissioned by the Malaysian government and entrusted to the architectural firm of Cesar Pelli & Associates, to create an architectural masterpiece that would become a symbol of national pride. Beyond their architectural and engineering brilliance, the Petronas Twin Towers hold cultural significance for Malaysians and people around the world. They represent the country's economic success and its transition into a global player. The towers have become a symbol of national identity and unity, embodying Malaysia's multicultural society and its aspirations for a prosperous future. The Skybridge of the Petronas Twin Towers is a visually stunning and structurally significant element that connects the two towers at a significant height. It serves as both a functional link and a breathtaking attraction for visitors, offering panoramic views of Kuala Lumpur. It is located a striking 170 meters above the ground. Spanning a length of 58.4 meters and weighing a remarkable 750 tons, it is supported by a unique 'two- hinge arch' design. This arch emerges from supports on level 29, gracefully ascending at a steep angle of 63 degrees. Its purpose is to provide stability and support for a pair of parallel two-span continuous bridge girders positioned at level 41. To accommodate the movement and shifting of the towers, the two-hinge arch includes motion pins at the top of each leg, known as the 'spring points,' as well as at the highest point or 'crown' of the arch. Additionally, most bridge girders are equipped with a motion pin directly above the arch crown. This ingenious arrangement allows the crown to rise and fall in sync with the towers' movements, ensuring structural integrity and flexibility.

INTERIORS The entrance halls' foyer of the Petronas Twin Towers feature designs and patterns that reflect Malaysia's traditional handicrafts and weaving. Inspired by hardwood carvings from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, the walls, panels, and screens showcase intricate motifs. The floor designs draw inspiration from the beauty of pandan weavings and bertam palm wall mattings. These elements highlight Malaysia's cultural heritage and add a touch of traditional artistry to the entrance halls.The wall panels, screens, and floor motifs showcase the country's cultural heritage, inviting visitors to appreciate the intricacy and beauty of Malaysia's traditional art forms. EXTERIORS Two 88 floor tall towers To maintain the sleek and tapering design, each Tower of the Petronas Twin Towers is set back five times as it rises. This creates a visually appealing vertical axis. The uppermost floors have walls that slope inward, further enhancing the tapering effect and leading up to the pinnacle. To ensure a comfortable inner environment, the Towers are equipped with Vision Glass panels. These specialized panels have properties that filter light and reduce noise, creating a pleasant atmosphere for occupants. Additionally, stainless steel visors are installed to protect visitors from the intense tropical sun, adding both functionality and aesthetic appeal. These towers are mostly visited by people from different parts of the world to catch the eye-feasting view of the rich and prestigious capital city from the observation deck OBSERVATION DECK The observation decks of the Petronas Twin Towers can be found on Level 86 of both towers. Positioned at an impressive height of over 370 meters, these decks offer visitors a panoramic view of the cityscape below.Aside from the stunning views, the observation decks also provide an opportunity for visitors to delve into the rich history of the twin towers. Through interactive digital displays and informative exhibitions, guests can learn in detail about the conception, construction, and significance of these iconic structures. The Petronas Twin Towers stand tall as an architectural marvel, harmoniously blending modernity and tradition. They are not just a pair of buildings but an embodiment of Malaysia's progress and cultural heritage. These towers have become an iconic symbol for the nation, captivating millions of visitors every year and leaving them awestruck by their sheer magnificence. As the Petronas Twin Towers continue to grace the Kuala Lumpur skyline, they serve as a reminder of human innovation and Malaysia's global presence. Sources https://shorturl.at/kpOSW https://shorturl.at/egX12

F UN Z ON E Solve the crossword 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 Across DOWN 2. A type of beam that is fixed at one end and 1. Used to measure the flow rate of fluid free at the other end 3. The ability of fresh concrete to flow 3. The rise or fall of water is known as 4. The expansion of a type of cement used in 5. Decrease in length or volume of a material construction that changes in moisture content 7. To make something into a particular shape 6. It is a binding material used in the masonry or form 8. The state or quality of being porous 9. Phenomenon that occurs when concrete is subjected to prolonged loading SOLUTION

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ANNOUNCEMENT PAGE JOB - RELATED NOTIFICATIONS SL NO DETAILS LAST DATE SOURCE 1 2 Project Engineer – CDOT 29-11-2023 https://shorturl.at/bjrNO SSC JE 2023 16-08-2023 https://rb.gy/hn4sd SL NO DETAILS DATE 1. Workshop on Building 05-08-2023 Planning and Architecture