COMFORT

IMP Part 1 11/12/2020

Contents Introduction - 3 Position Purpose - 6-11 Speculations - 30-33 The Past in the Future 36-49 6-7 36-37 Cultural Heritage - 8-11 Intentions - 38 Conservation - 39 12-13 40 From Crown to common - Brief - 14 41 Biophilic design - Client / Users - 42 15 Urban farming - Counselling / Animal Therapy - 43 44 City Farm / Gardening - 45 Place - 18 From Farm to Table - - 19 Food Bank 46 - 20-23 Classes & Workshops 47 Portsmouth - 24-27 48-49 User Experience Diagram - Eastney Schedule of Accommodation Fort Cumberland - Site - Guardhouse Site Strategy Diagram - Schedule of Accommodation - Guardhouse - Schedule of Accommodation - Casemates - Concept Design Precedents - Final Collage - Bibliography / List of Figures - 50-51

Introduction COLLAGE Fig.1 Demonstrating the ideas of homeless housing and urban farming [Primary Source] \"Everything in the world is part of a design. Everything has meaning and purpose and a place in the pattern of existence(...)\" Howarth, S., 1971. Penmarric. U.S.A: Simon & Schuster. \"The designer does not begin with some preconceived This document creates a project brief through idea. Rather, the idea is the result of careful study and the integration of 3 main areas of focus; Position, observation, and the design is the product of that idea.\" Place, and Purpose. Each area presents a new dimension and layer to the project. Ideas and Rand, P., 1970. Thoughts On Design. 3rd ed. London: concepts have been explored using various Studio Vista Limited. mediums including that of collage. 3

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Position Developing a Design Approach 5

Position The past in the future 6

Cultural Heritage political, educational value, etc. - depends on the variety of stakeholders taking part in the The first aspect is cultural heritage. Cultural heritage conservation process. Establishing heritage encompasses the legacy of physical these values when it is time to take decisions artifacts and intangible attributes of a group regarding its conservation and therefore meeting or community that are inherited from previous the needs of the numerous stakeholders is no generations, maintained in the present and simple task. What should be preserved? How? conserved for the future (UNESCO, 2017). For whom? For how long? and so on. These Built cultural heritage can be the subject of questions have to be answered in the context of different evaluations that are, at times in conflict the different value systems (Campelo, Taylor & with one another. The cultural significance, or Francis Group, 2018) rather the multiple values (Fig.4) linked to a cultural object - its economic, aesthetic, cultural, Fig.3 Abigail Reynolds' collage of folded vintage photographs (Caro, 2016) COLLAGE Fig.2 7 This collage is exploring our responsibility to preserve built cultural heritage and the conservation of historic building and their cultural, educational, political, aesthetic value. Using Abigail Reynolds' 'cut and fold' technique, I overlayed OLD and NEW materials and images then cut and folded some elements to represent the relation between them. I also used a thread led through these cuts to represent how a building can change through time yet preserve its values [Primary Source]

Position Conservation In the United Kingdom half of the building industry's workload, including maintenance, is concerned with existing buildings. Yet conventional training for architects and engineers provides little or no guidance on the care of existing buildings and too many historic structures are still being damaged by unsympathetic treatment. Despite this, and despite the changed construction methods and materials that replaced building techniques lost during the twentieth century, traditional craft skills are steadily being rediscovered. The Venice Charter - the philosophical manifesto produced by the International Congress for Conservation in Venice in 1964 - defined several possible approaches to conservation. Preservation involves the minimal repair and maintenance of remains in their existing state. Restoration involves the removal of accretions to return a building to an earlier state. Reconstruction also involves returning a building to an earlier state, but involves introducing new - or old - materials to the fabric. Conservation may involve one or more of these, as well as the adaptation of buildings to new uses. Historically, the stance that we have taken on building preservation has constantly shifted, and the only certainty is that tomorrow's conservation philosophy will be different from that of today (Forsyth, Wiley & Sons, 2007). 8

CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES Evidential Value The potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity Historical Value The ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present Aesthetic Value the ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place Communal Value the meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or memory Fig.4 Conservation Principles Collage Fig.5 This collage exploring some of the termologies around the interventions that can be done to a building [Primary Source] 9

Position Understanding Conservation Methods - Goodrich Castle Preservation Restoration Preservation means maintaining a place in its Its aim is to preserve and reveal the aesthetic existing state and retarding deterioration and historic value of the monument and is based on respect for original material and authentic THE BURRA CHARTER, ICOMOS AUSTRALIA, 2013 documents This means that not only the original historic materials THE VENICE CHARTER, 1964 and features will be preserved, but also later changes and additions to the original building. The expressed goal of the Restoration is the treatment that should be followed when Standards for Preservation and Guidelines for Preserving the expressed goal of the project is to make the building Historic Buildings is retention of the building's existing form, appear as it did at a particular - and at its most significant - features, and materials. Protection, maintenance, and time in its history. repair are emphasized while replacement is minimized. Precedent Precedent Fig.6 Cathedral Church of St Michaell, Coventry Fig.7 The Bibi-Khanym mosque before restoration (left) and The current St Michael's Cathedral (1962), built next to the remains of the old (1102), was designed by Basil Spence. after restoration in 1974 (right), Samarkand, Uzbekistan Spence insisted that instead of re-building the old cathedral it \"Centuries of war and a couple of nasty earthquakes had left many should be kept in ruins as a garden of remembrance and that of the buildings in ruins. The aggressive restoration work has the new cathedral should be built alongside, the two buildings been controversial to some, for it has lost the authenticity of the together effectively forming one church. monuments. The truth of the matter is, if this restoration, aggressive or otherwise, had not been done, these fragile legacies would have 10 disappeared by now.\" (Patowary, 2016) / (Photo: RFERL.org)

Reconstruction Adaptation / Rehabilitation Reconstruction means returning a place to a [M]odification of a resource to contemporary known earlier state and is distinguished from functional standards which may involve restoration by the introduction of new material adaptation for new use THE BURRA CHARTER, ICOMOS AUSTRALIA, 2013 ICOMOS APPLETON CHARTER, 1989 The Standards for Reconstruction and Guidelines for Greater latitude is given in the Standards for Rehabilitation Reconstructing Historic Buildings should be followed when and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings to replace it is necessary to recreate a non-surviving building using extensively deteriorated, damaged, or missing features new material. But, like restoration, reconstruction also using either the same material or compatible substitute involves recreating a historic building which appears as it materials. Of the four treatments, only Rehabilitation allows did at a particular - and at its most significant - time in its alterations and the construction of a new addition, if necessary history. for a continuing or new use for the historic building. Precedent Precedent Fig.8-9 J.W. Knapp's Department Store, built 1937-38, Fig.10 Moritzburg Museum, Halle, Germany, 2008 The architects inserted the extension above the 15th century Lansing, MI stonework of the Moritzburg Museum, providing a roof to the It was constructed with \"Maul Macotta\" made of previously open-air top floor. A new floor suspended from the enameled steel and cast-in-place concrete panels. Due to a flaw in centre of this roof creates an additional exhibition area without the original design and construction the material was deteriorated bringing any columns into the main gallery. The extension also beyond repair. The architects for the rehabilitation project devised includes the addition of a trapezium-shaped metal entrance. a replacement system consisting of enameled aluminum panels (Roland Halbe Fotografie) that matched the original colors (James Haefner Photography) 11

Position From Crown to commons 'Every rough sleeper is a human being, not a statistic' 'It's not just about finding homes. It's also about giving people hope and a life they want to lead' 'It is clear from listening to rough sleepers that they want support, not just a place to live, and that is what we will offer' 'Within the group of rough sleepers in Portsmouth there are some people who can live independently and who can do their own cooking and budgeting - they just need somewhere safe to live, whereas others need a high level of support. The self-contained accommodation is what we are really short of' Collage Fig.11 An excerpt from a collage investigating emotions felt by homeless veterans [Primary Source] 12

Being homeless has been identified as a Homeless people report a much higher incidence significant risk factor for poor health outcomes. of long term physical or mental health At present, the average age for a homeless problems (41% and 45% respectively), compared man in the UK is 47 years old, for women it to the general population (28% and is 43 years old. (Thomas, 2012) With rates 25%). This is reflected by the discrepancy in life of homelessness increasing, as well as expectancy with the average age of death addressing the causes of homelessness, the of homeless men being 47 and women being health & well-being of our homeless population 43, compared to 77 for the general. (Local needs addressing urgently. Government Association, 2017) 14% 83% 3% of rough sleepers are of rough sleepers are non-confirmed female are male Incidence of long term Incidence of long term mental and physical mental and physical health problems health problems 45% & 41% 25% & 28% Drug Loss of job Affordability It's hard to determine the triggers of misuse 35% 15% homelessness. There are social causes, such as a lack of affordable housing, 9% Incarceration Eviction poverty and unemployment. 11% 13% People can become homeless when they Life leave prison, care or the army with no events Domestic home to go to, women escaping a violent 10% Abuse relationship. 11% And for many, life events like a relationship Disability / breaking down, losing a job, mental or Mental Issue physical health problems, or substance misuse can be the trigger. 10% Fig. 12 Diagram demonstrating the triggers of homelessness [Primary Source] 13

Position Collage Fig.13 A collage investigating the benefits of connection with nature on human well-being [Primary Source] Biophilic design Contacting with outdoor natural elements, settings and process has become a frequently used approach to seek relief from stressful urban lives, which could be explained by people's innate affinity with nature since we were primarily exposed to nature during our evolutionary process. Consensus has been reached that experience of natural environments are associated with increased psychological well-being and reduced risk factors of some types of mental illness. Collage Fig.14 A collage investigating the effects biophilic design can provide on human mental wellness [Primary Source] 14

Position Urban farming Urban farming - a type of urban agriculture focused on entrepreneurial food production - serves multiple functions in neighbourhoods. Expectations for urban farming often centre on traditional measures of economic development although numerous articles highlight the health, social, economic, and environmental benefits associated with urban agriculture. benefits including increased social connectedness, a transformed physical landscape, improved neighbourhood reputation, increased access to fresh produce, and educational, youth development, and employment opportunities. \"If we learn to give space in our urban settings to food production (...) we will be healthier, happier, and more connected to the physical realities of our short existence because of it.\" Collage Fig.15 An excerpt from a collage investigating ideas around urban farming [Primary Source] 15

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Place Understanding the building and location 17

Place FORT CUMBERLAND ITS LOCATION AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT PORTSMOUTH Fig.16 Portsmouth is one of the major cities Map of along the south coast. Its growth Portsmouth and character has been influenced Scale 1:20000 by its geographical location and [Primary Source / relationship to the sea. Home to the DigiMap] Royal Navy since the 17th century and located predominantly on an Collage Fig.17 island, the city retains a strong A collage demonstrating maritime heritage distinguished the key features of by its historic, diverse and vibrant Portsmouth waterfront. Portsmouth is very built [Primary Source] up and with an average density of 5,000 people per km2 is the most 18 densely populated city in the UK outside of London. As a university city, the higher and further academic population plays a key part in the city's profile. The University of Portsmouth is currently ranked within 'The Guardians' top 50 UK universities with a population of 23,000. The offering as a place to live has been significantly enhanced by penthouse, town house and apartment developments at Port Solent Marina, Gunwharf Quays and a number of ex-Navy sites.

Collage Fig.18 A collage demonstrating Eastney on Portsmouth's southern coast [Primary Source] EASTNEY Fig.19 Eastney Eastney is located in the south-eastern character area corner of Portsea Island, approximately [Secondary Source] 3km from the city centre. Set away from the original settlement of Portsmouth, its Fig.20 Historical development pattern has been heavily Development influenced by military establishments in [Secondary Source] the area. In 1746 Fort Cumberland was constructed at the eastern tip of Portsea Island to help protect the town from the threat of French attack. Much of the area around the fort remained undeveloped to protect the fort's 'field of fire'. Access to the coastline, large areas of communal open space, parade grounds adjoining the Marine Barracks and an area of nature conservation contribute to the open character of Eastney. 19

example of 18th-century block. defensive building in England. From 1782 the fort was The location was chosen to enlarged and completely rebuilt Place prevent invading forces from in masonry. The original fort landing at Langstone and was destroyed, except for the attacking the Royal Naval storeroom and guardhouse Dockyards at Portsmouth over which were both incorporated land. The earliest fortification into the new building. The F OR T CU MBE RLA ND was a small battery built in 1714 star plan was replaced with but the first fort was erected the present polygon, with five by the Duke of Cumberland projecting bastions at the (hence the name) in 1747. angles. Fort Cumberland guards the Cumberland's fort was built on a Fort Cumberland is now owned entrance to Langstone Harbour, star-shaped plan, with earthen by Historic England (formerly to the east of Portsmouth. banks. Within the earthworks English Heritage) and used The fort was built in 1740 but were brick buildings, including a as a regional administrative completely rebuilt by the Duke powder magazine, guardhouse, headquarters and base for the of Richmond over 25 years, storeroom, and one barrack Centre for Archaeology. from 1782 to 1812. The fort is a bastion type, in a pentagon shape, and may be the largest and most impressive Collage Fig.21 Atmospheric collage of Fort Cumberland [Primary Source] 20

Collage Fig.22 Site narrative collage: Fort Cumberland [Primary Source] Fig.23 Areas of distinct character [Primary Source] 12 45 Fort Cumberland (5) - this stretch of exposed coastline supports 3 numerous species of fauna and flora. Fort Cumberland and former defence research buildings are the only substantial buildings in the area which also includes a small public swimming pool and a leisure / caravan park. To the north, a narrow peninsula has strong maritime connections with boat storage yards, piers and slipways, a life boat station and a ferry to Hayling Island. Fig.24 Designations and landmarks [Primary Source] 3 Fort Cumberland / research facilities (3) - Georgian fortifications, originally constructed by the Duke of Cumberland in 1746 and 2 significantly rebuilt in 1812. Adjacent is a large steel mast which is 1 a prominent feature of the skyline along this largely undeveloped stretch of coastline at the entrance to Langstone Harbour. Listed Local wildlife site buildings Conservation area 21 Ancient monuments

Place FORT CUMBERLAND - Site Analysis Fig.25 Site analysis sketch [Primary Source] ESTATE OF HOMES: Sea Defences UK ARMED FORCES Royal Marines History Caravan & Camping site Souhsea coast Protection of site REGENERATE 22

One of the largest forts in the city Collage Fig.26 Atmospheric materiality collage of the site [Primary Source] hides in plain sight, behind large gates and high barbed wire fences: Fort Cumberland. Located down a short, unassuming turn-off from Ferry Road on your way out through Eastney to Langstone Harbour, Fort Cumberland sits out of sight and only accessible on the annual Heritage Open Day week in September. To the south-west of the site there is Fraser Range. A site under development for residential use. Since the site is derelict, it has become a target for persistent anti- social behaviour. The site is bordered to the north-west by a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC), to the north by Fort Cumberland (which is a Scheduled Ancient Monument), to the east by The Solent, to the south by Eastney Beach and to the west by the Southsea Leisure Park. It is a complex site with several constraints. It also represents a fantastic opportunity to regenerate a derelict site with a development of exceptional quality, allowing public access around the island and to Langstone Harbour for the first time in memory Preservation is important, not only the key historic buildings, but also the Royal Naval heritage of the site. Fig.27 Site analysis sketch [Primary Source] 23

Place GUARDHOUSE - Building Analysis Fort Cumberland was completely rebuilt in masonry between 1785 and 1812. All traces of the original fort were destroyed except The Guardhouse and Storeroom. By building a model of the Guardhouse I was able to understand the structure of the building, as well as its phasing throughout the years (See Figure x), which will help with the conservation of this historic building and differentiate between OLD and NEW Collage Fig.28 Serial view collage of the former Guardhouse [Primary Source] 24

Place GUARDHOUSE - Building Analysis By learning how the light enters the building at its current form and the original facade of the building I am now able to determine what elements of the building I can remove if necessary while understanding and following conservation methods of historical buildings Series of model photographs that demonstrates the exploration of light filtering through the building 25

Place GUARDHOUSE - diagrammatic analysis 26

GUARDHOUSE Place - diagrammatic analysis 27

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Purpose Identifying the brief - Speculations 29

Purpose SPECULATIONS In the beginning of this project I wasn't aware of the depth of the issues happening in the very place I live. I knew I was passionate about bettering our community and helping people coping with mental illness as well as reducing the stigma still existing around mental health issues. When I started developing ideas, creating mind maps around the issues I was most interested in and passionate about, helped me creating ways of combining concepts in a way that will serve more than one aspect of my ideas at the same time. 30

PurposeSPECULATIONS By determining and settling my main areas of focus the definition of my clientele was made obvious. Mind mapping around the concepts I'm interested in helped me understood who exactly could be involved in my project, subject by subject. These mind maps were created in the very beginning of my design process, therefore not every element explored was used in the final proposal, but helped me narrowed my focus on the most important aspects which will be explained in detail on the next pages. 31

Purpose SPECULATIONS In this document ideas and concepts are explored using various methodologies including that of collage. These investigative collages are a playful approach to summarise research, analysis of place, theory and practice. \"Our visual and emotional environment is made up of so many contrasting and contradicting parts, and collage presents a method of forcing the relationship with things we like to keep separate from each other.\" Elizegi. R. (2019). Collage by Women, 50 Essential Contemporary Artists. Promopress, Turkey In the beginning of this project I wasn't familiar with collage making. This page contains my initial collage making experimentation prior to site selection or establishing the purpose of my design. 32

PurposeSPECULATIONS I studied and was inspired by many artists through this experience, to mention a few: Juan Gris, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque taught me about fractured frames, and the importance of negative space Tatiana Bilbao says collage making helps to create more exciting buildings Steven Holl talks about the importance between figure & field and object & background and last but not least two of my favourite quotes from Olafur Eliasson: \"What can you see is quite up to you\" \"What we consider thruth depends how you look at it.\" I explored potential uses for my project. As the large collage demonstrates I was considering to create a place to home a more up- to-date educational system to better prepare children to everyday life . 33

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Purpose Identifying the brief - Intentions 35

BRIEF Life after the Forces can be challenging. We know that some veterans find themselves on the streets, whether due to mental health, financial or relationship problems. The aim of COMFORT is sustainable conservation and regeneration of former military sites such as Fort Cumberland to provide homeless veterans and the homeless of Portsmouth with their own refurbished accommodation with access to communal facilities where they can live and develop, learning new skills or further advance their existing skills. COMFORT essentially is a city farm run by the homeless. By providing them accommodation and purpose they will have the chance to serve the community once again, be part of a community and have a new beginning. 36

Collage Fig.29 This collage represents the concept ideas and values that drive the purpose of this project. The first concept explored is the emotions people feel after becoming homeless. They feel rootless, exposed, naked, alienated. The longer a person remains homeless, the more difficult it is to return to the mainstream of society. Being homeless is destabilizing, demoralizing and depressing. The collage also explores the feelings of being forgotten by society. Ex-military personals were once our heroes, therefore they need to be reminded that we remember. Finally by providing these people with a place to live and be part of a community again will provide them with a new beginning. They will be serving their community once again and they will feel that greatly craved sense of belonging [Primary Source] 37

Purpose CLIENT My clients will be the ex-military personals of Through our partnership with Veterans the Royal Navy as well as any homeless of Outreach Support (VOS) we will provides Portsmouth who is in need of help and support. drop-In meetings, weekly mental health I will be joining forces with Finkley Down Farm. therapies and weekly activity and coffee support They were one of the first ever farm parks in the groups for former members of the British Armed UK and will be a great opportunity to utilise their Forces and Reserves and their spouses and 38 years of expertise. The students of Sparsholt partners, including the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and College Hampshire will be provided with an the Merchant Navy. environment where they can learn all about modern farming techniques and the technology shaping work on the land, alongside hands- on experience on our working farm and in our workshops making repairs to machinery and tractors while the residents of COMFORT will be able to learn new skills from them. USERS Besides the ex-military personals, the experts of Finkley Down Farm, the students of Sparsholt and the therapists of VOS, COMFORT will welcome anyone who is in need of a safe place and guidance, food or just wishes to belong to a community, as well as those who wish to volunteer and support the program as COMFORT will also serve as a place of gathering and interaction for both current and past residents, their families, staff members and community members. An open social space will help visitors ease into society and help them improve their social skills. 38

Purpose COUNSELLING COMFORT will provide private counselling and group meetings to help guide clients through the many challenges that come with life after homelessness. Licensed professionals will work with their clients to give them the best chance to have a successful return to society and a meaningful life moving forward. To this end, career counselling and CV assistance will also be provided to help clients find employment and build a career. ANIMAL THERAPY Animal assisted therapy builds on a concept called the human-animal bond, which describes people's desire to interact with and relate to animals. For many people, by interacting with a friendly animal, they can form a bond with them. This bond itself can produce a calming state in the person, it also may help the person in several ways, such as: - reducing boredom - increasing movement and activity through walks and play - providing companionship and decreasing loneliness - increasing social interactions - improving mood and general well-being Evidence shows that there is a considerable link between homelessness and mental health problems. By utilising the small live stock animals living at COMFORT our trained professionals have a tool readily available to help our residents. We will also connect to a number of healthcare providers and offer COMFORT as a safe location for animal therapy services available for their patients. 39

Purpose CITY FARM / GARDENING Numerous articles highlight the health, social, economic, and environmental benefits associated with urban agriculture (e.g. Draper and Freedman 2010, Okvat and Zautra 2011, Golden 2013, Santo et al. 2016). Benefits stemmed from four primary changes urban farms made to study neighbourhoods: creation of public projects welcoming involvement, physical improvement of degraded space, production of local food, and creation of new businesses. This program focuses on enabling disenfranchised individuals the means to incorporate purpose and satisfaction in their daily lives. Gardening is an elegantly simple and inexpensive approach to mental wellness promotion. It provides exercise, gardening skills, good nutrition, and a pleasant, supportive, social milieu. Findings from a pilot garden project at a daytime shelter for homeless women suggest there are many therapeutic aspects to gardening. As an approach to enhance mental well-being, gardening offers a wealth of positive experiences for underserved individuals and is a worthy focus for long-term, sustainable programs. 40

FROM FARM TO TABLE Within COMFORT, a cafe serving food from the centre's garden will be open to the public and surrounding community. The cafe will only employ rough sleepers to provide them with valuable work experience and increase chances for further employment and a successful career. The cafe will also serve as a dining space for both visitors and staff within the centre. This will provide the residents with the opportunity to socialise and interact with both the staff and the visiting customers creating a deeper sense of community within both the sphere of the centre and the larger surrounding area. FOOD BANK Any food produce surplus from the centre's farm and garden will be placed in our food bank that distributes food to those who aren't our residents but have difficulty purchasing enough to avoid hunger. According to a May 2013 report by Oxfam and Church Action on Poverty, about half a million Britons had used food banks. Not only do they provide a solution to the problem of hunger that doesn't require resources from the commonwealth, but they can be viewed as evidence of increasing community spirit and of active, caring citizenship. CLASSES AND WORKSHOPS Classes and workshops will be offered at COMFORT on a sign up basis. Guest speakers, and teachers will offer weekly workshops or classes on inspirational subjects such as mindfulness, self care and other skill improving topics such as gardening, and repairs of farm machinery through Sparsholt college classes. It's not just about getting people back into work, it's about giving people the capabilities to do what they value in life. It's also about being able to interact with the world around you and enjoy it. 41

Homelessness alienated / disenfranchised / rootless welcome / calm / safety / support / inclusion Workshops Accommodation Therapy Farming skills / learning comfort / basic human healing / mindfulness / community / / development / rights / self-care / inspiration / value hygiene clarity / understood networking / purpose / food bank / serving BACK TO SOCIETY 42

Schedule of Accommodation This diagram explores the different activities of COMFORT and the different functions needed in order to accommodate them User experience diagram This diagram shows the journey of a rough sleeper with the intervention of COMFORT. Along with each stage of the journey, certain emotions and feelings are included in an attempt to imagine what going through such a process might be like. 43

Purpose SITE STRATEGY DIAGRAM The site strategy diagram for Fort Cumberland shows all main activities of the concept of COMFORT and the functions needed to accommodate them ADJACENCY DIAGRAM - THE GUARDHOUSE - Plans I've chosen the Guardhouse as a communal dining space and kitchen. It will also house a food bank on the ground floor and I've decided to keep the stage on the top floor so the seating area will serve as dining area and audience seating for performances and guest speaker events. Fig.30 Theatre Room - Guardhouse 44

Schedule of Accomodation - Guardhouse Purpose of Space Approximate size required (m2) Purpose of Space Approximate size required (m2) Food Bank 62 m2 Kitchen 77 m2 Dry Store 13 m2 Chilled Storage 13 m2 Food Preparation + Cooking 4 m2 Check Out 11 m2 Open Entrance 11 m2 Cleaning / Washing 6 m2 7 m2 Service Lift 6 m2 Storage 94 m2 Stage 35 m2 Walk-in Cooler 8 m2 Toilets 2,5 m2 Walk-in Freezer 41 m2 Seating Area 17 m2 Bin Store 45

Purpose Fig.31 Once renovated the artillery casemates will host single person accomodation spaces. Veterans are now given the chance to restore and repurpose the semi-derelict casemate. Fig.32 - 35 Fig.36 Current plan of casemate (left) / Adjacency Diagram (Middle) / Proposed layout of accomodation (Right) [Primary Source] Schedule of Accomodation - Casemates Purpose of Space Approximate size required (m2) A single bedroom apartment does not need to cater to the needs of many Entrance 5 m2 people, it does however, need to Storage 3 m2 cater to the needs of the homeowner. Kitchen / Dining 15 m2 Most people enjoy having guests Living room 15 m2 over, so any apartment needs to be Bedroom 15.5 m2 presentable, and most importantly: it Bathroom 7 m2 should make the homeowner enjoy being home. 46

Urban farm provides homeless Purpose shelter residents with good food and opportunities Concept Design Precedents Bell Shelter operates a comprehensive program that offers interim housing with Regeneration of former ex-military sites supportive services for up to 500 single men and women who are experiencing A master plan for the redevelopment of the homelessness in Los Angeles. old army barracks site of 166 hectares, at In 2011, the non-profit teamed with the Aldershot will transform the old barracks Salvation Army to transform a piece of land into a new district of the town. The across from the Bell Shelter into an area mixed use plan will provide up to 3,850 of opportunity. Grow Good offers paid job new homes, retail units, schools, plus training in the culinary arts and farming, community and commercial buildings. The while providing nutritious meals to the 500 plan retains the characteristic military grid, people who call the shelter home. and protects and incorporates important historic military buildings and monuments. Fig.39 Pathways Care Farm Fig.37 Residential-led mixed-use development [Aldershot News and Mail - Grahame Larter] Fig.38 Bell Shelter resident [Sarah Donahue/Cronkite News] Pathways Care Farm Pathways Care Farm gives vulnerable people the opportunity to learn, re-build and grow through a range of hands-on farming activities. This might include planting, fruit and vegetable cultivation, helping to restore a barn, animal husbandry or even the basics of machinery maintenance. Situated in the north of Lowestoft, Pathways is bringing a beautiful 13-acre site, which has been neglected for years, back into productive use. 47

Purpose Final Collage 48

Final Collage Fig.40 This collage combines the concepts of COMFORT: a therapeutic environment where people are in connection with nature, sustainably growing food while housing the rough sleepers of Portsmouth [Primary Source] 49

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